CN103558167B - A kind of method of sodium chloride content in quick mensuration butcher's meat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of sodium chloride content in quick mensuration butcher's meat, comprise the following steps: (1) with the addition of different content sodium chloride multiple marinated meat product as calibration samples, the near-infrared high spectrum image of acquisition correction sample, obtains the spectral reflectance values of calibration samples；Set up the quantitative relationship of spectral reflectance values under the EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength of calibration samples and the standard chlorination sodium content of calibration samples by Multivariate Correction algorithm, obtain butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model: (2) gather the near-infrared high spectrum image of butcher's meat sample to be measured and obtain the spectral reflectance values of butcher's meat sample to be measured；By the butcher's meat sample to be measured spectral reflectance values input butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model under EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength, obtain the sodium chloride content of butcher's meat sample to be measured.Compared with prior art, the present invention has not damaged, advantage easy to operate, quick.

Description

A kind of method of sodium chloride content in quick mensuration butcher's meat

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of food detection, quickly measure sodium chloride content in butcher's meat particularly to one Method.

Background technology

Marinated meat product is liked by consumer with color and luster deeply because of its special local flavor.Pickle at present and become much meat An important link in the goods course of processing, pickles the quality of effect, is to determine that butcher's meat quality is mostly important A ring.Meat products adds Sal, harmful microbe can be suppressed to breed, play antisepsis, again Meat flavor can be increased, improve the quality of product.But the too high quality that can affect meat products of salt content and mouth Taste, takes in too much sodium chloride salt and can induce hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, renal dysfunction, view The multiple disease such as film, has a strong impact on even life-span quality of life.According to the relevant regulations in national standard, meat In goods, the content of Sal should be less than or equal to 3%.Thus, in daily bread is checked, it is often necessary to detection Salt content in meat products.Existing national standard detection method has GB/T9596.8-2008 meat and meat products Measuring and the analysis method chlorination of GB/T5009.44-2003 meat with meat products sanitary standard of sodium chloride content The mensuration of sodium content.Though the first Fo Erhadefa easy and simple to handle relate to more chemical analysis apparatus and Reagent, also needs to destroy sample, especially detection time long；The second potentiometric analysis needs stronger professional And dexterity, there is the interference of subjective factors, often error is relatively big, and concordance is the strongest.Both of which It is difficult to reach the purpose of high-volume quickly detection.Therefore, set up rationally, quick nondestructive measures chlorination in butcher's meat The method of sodium content is the most particularly important with safety to evaluating marinated meat product quality.Due to high spectrum image detection technique There is image and the characteristic of spectrum unification, the abundant image of meat to be measured and spectral information can be obtained simultaneously, hold concurrently There is the advantage of both technology, salinity and the distribution thereof of meat therefore can be better anticipated.Through retrieval, base In the butcher's meat of hyperspectral technique, the quick detection of sodium chloride content also rarely has report.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above of prior art with not enough, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of quickly survey Determining the method for sodium chloride content in butcher's meat, efficiency is high, to sample without destroying.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of method of sodium chloride content in quick mensuration butcher's meat, comprises the following steps:

(1) butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model is set up:

(1-1) with the addition of different content sodium chloride multiple marinated meat product as calibration samples, acquisition correction sample This near-infrared high spectrum image, it is thus achieved that the high spectrum image of calibration samples through denoising and background separation After process, obtain butcher's meat image；Extract the averaged spectrum of butcher's meat image, averaged spectrum is carried out spectral intensity Correction and pretreatment, obtain the spectral reflectance values of calibration samples；

(1-2) method of adopting international standards measures the sodium chloride content of calibration samples, obtains the mark of calibration samples Quasi-sodium chloride content；

(1-3) spectral reflectivity under the EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength of calibration samples is set up by Multivariate Correction algorithm The quantitative relationship of value and the standard chlorination sodium content of calibration samples, obtains butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model:

Y_NaCl=0.239+11.164R_425nm-63.171R_481nm+25.331R_570nm+14.703R_613nm +34.126R_765nm-21.446R_917nm

Wherein, Y_NaClFor sodium chloride content, R_425nm、R_481nm、R_570nm、R_613nm、R_765nm、R_917nmRespectively For butcher's meat sample at characteristic wavelength 425nm, 481nm, 570nm, 613nm, 765nm, 917nm Spectral reflectance values；

(1-4) gather the near-infrared high spectrum image of butcher's meat sample to be measured, it is thus achieved that the height of butcher's meat sample to be measured Spectrum picture, after denoising and background separation process, obtains butcher's meat image；Extract the average of butcher's meat image Spectrum, carries out spectral intensity correction and pretreatment to averaged spectrum, obtains the spectral reflectance of butcher's meat sample to be measured Rate value；

(2) test: by the spectral reflectance values input step under the EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength of butcher's meat sample to be measured (1-3) the butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model obtained, obtains the sodium chloride content of butcher's meat sample to be measured.

Step (1-1) described background separation processes, particularly as follows:

Segmentation threshold is set to 0.2～0.25, background is separated with butcher's meat image.

Step (1-1) described pretreatment, particularly as follows:

Use baseline correction, deconvolute, first differential or second-order differential carry out pretreatment.

Step (1-2) described International Standards Method is the Fo Er in national standard method GB/T9596.8-2008 Ha Defa.

Step (1-3) passed through Multivariate Correction algorithm sets up the spectrum under the EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength of calibration samples The quantitative relationship of the standard chlorination sodium content of reflectance value and calibration samples, particularly as follows:

Standard to the spectral reflectance values under the EO-1 hyperion wavelength of pretreated calibration samples Yu calibration samples Sodium chloride content carries out PLS, obtains multiple model to be selected；

Calibration model optimum main cause subnumber is determined by minima forecast model residual sum of squares (RSS) PRESS； The computational methods of PRESS are as follows:

$PRESS=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{(y_{cal}-y_{act})}^2$

Wherein, n is calibration samples number, y_actFor the standard chlorination sodium content of calibration samples, y_calFor correction sample This utilizes the sodium chloride content predictive value of model to be selected.

Described optimum main cause subnumber is 5.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:

The present invention discharges different Na by utilizing sodium chloride content in butcher's meat different⁺And Cl^-Ion shadow The absworption peak of Xiangshui County, sets up sodium chloride content and the spectral reflectance values under the EO-1 hyperion specific wavelength of sample Quantitative relationship, obtains butcher's meat sodium chloride content forecast model, and employing Chemical Measurement modeling is simple and direct surveys rapidly Determining sodium chloride content in butcher's meat, accurately and reliably, the dependency of detected value, more than 90%, reduces testing result Testing cost, shortens hyper-spectral data gathering, detection and data-analysis time, improves detection efficiency, for really Reach online, quickly and Non-Destructive Testing provides theories integration and Research foundation, there is not damaged, behaviour simultaneously Make convenient advantage, solve existing detection method and be difficult to high-volume Fast nondestructive evaluation butcher's meat sample The problem of middle sodium chloride content, is expected to be applied in the actual production flow process of butcher's meat, it is achieved lossless online prison Control.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the visible near-infrared reflectance spectrum figure of the calibration samples of embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 2 is that the PRESS of the model multiple to be selected of embodiments of the invention is with main cause subnumber variation diagram.

Fig. 3 is that the sodium chloride content predictive value of embodiments of the invention obtains with the detection of traditional standard detecting method The graph of a relation of sodium chloride content value.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not It is limited to this.

Embodiment

The method of sodium chloride content in the quickly mensuration butcher's meat of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:

(1) butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model is set up:

(1-1) with the addition of different content sodium chloride 45 marinated meat product as calibration samples, calibration samples is thick Degree 1～1.5cm, follows the steps below:

The near-infrared high spectrum image of acquisition correction sample: calibration samples is fixed on a black plastic bracket On, adjust surfacing, be placed on the electric moveable platform of spectra collection room；In order to reduce shade, halogen The height of lamp is set to 60cm, angle 45 DEG C；Then other parameters of the acquisition software on Adjustable calculation machine, electricity The speed of machine matches with object distance, focal length, and speed is defined as 1.5mm/s, gathers time of exposure 30ms.? Above-mentioned set after, open Halogen light (double light source), start stepper motor, make object stage at the uniform velocity move, complete Become EO-1 hyperion that the image cube of the calibration samples on mobile platform is obtained；

The high spectrum image of the calibration samples obtained, after denoising and background separation process, obtains butcher's meat figure Picture；Described background separation processes, particularly as follows: segmentation threshold is set to 0.2～0.25, by background and butcher's meat image Carrying out separating is effectively separated and utilizes morphology opening operation and closed operation to make image background and butcher's meat image Outer edge smooth and continuous；

Extract the averaged spectrum of butcher's meat image, averaged spectrum is carried out spectral intensity correction and pretreatment, obtains The spectral reflectance values of calibration samples；Described pretreatment can be baseline correction, deconvolute, first differential Or second-order differential；Wherein, first differential, second-order differential are particularly as follows: carry out Savitzky-Golay to averaged spectrum Smoothing processing analyzes Signal-to-Noise to improve, and uses Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothed differential coefficient to seek single order or two Rank differential, removes the unrelated drift with linear correlation of co-wavelength；

(1-2) method of adopting international standards measures the sodium chloride content of calibration samples, obtains the mark of calibration samples Quasi-sodium chloride content, is shown in Table 1；Calibration samples salinity scope is 2.619%-8.826%, and meansigma methods is 4.701%, it is relatively big that this salt content comprises scope, helpful to the stability and representativeness setting up model；

The content of sodium chloride in table 1 calibration samples

(1-3) spectral reflectivity under the EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength of calibration samples is set up by Multivariate Correction algorithm The quantitative relationship of value and the standard chlorination sodium content of calibration samples, obtains butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model:

Fig. 1 is the visible near-infrared reflectance spectrum figure of calibration samples, it can be seen that butcher's meat is at 750nm, 950nm Sum of fundamental frequencies and frequency multiplication absworption peak for hydrone O-H key.Along with salt content increases to 7% from 0%, correct sample This spectral reflectivity gradually rises, and spectral peak wavelength offsets towards shortwave direction, with this according to water peak The increase and decrease of reflectance value and peak position drift condition, can the saliferous of detection by quantitative butcher's meat in conjunction with Chemical Measurement modeling Amount；

To the spectral reflectance values under the EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength of pretreated 45 calibration samples and correction sample The quantitative relationship of this standard chlorination sodium content, carries out PLS, obtains multiple model to be selected.

Model optimum main cause subnumber is determined by minima forecast model residual sum of squares (RSS) (PRESS):

The computational methods of PRESS are as follows:

$PRESS=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{(y_{cal}-y_{act})}^2$

Wherein, n is calibration samples number, y_actFor the standard chlorination sodium content of calibration samples, y_calFor correction sample This sodium chloride content predictive value utilizing calibration model.

Fig. 2 is that the PRESS of multiple model to be selected is with main cause subnumber variation diagram, it is seen then that PRESS to be made is minimum, Main cause subnumber should take 5, and corresponding PRESS is 0.4.

Then treat the total quality of side form type by cross-validation to be evaluated: by weighing model Major parameter, the coefficient of determination (r), sample set standard deviation (RMSEC) and cross validation mean square deviation (RMSECV)；Wherein, the computational methods of r, RMSEC and RMSECV are:

$r=\sqrt{1-\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{(y_{act}-y_{pred})}^2}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{(y_{act}-y_{avg})}^2}}RMSEC=\sqrt{\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{(y_{aal}-y_{cat})}^2}{n}},RMSECV=\sqrt{\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{(y_{pred}-y_{act})}^2}{n}}$

y_predFor the sodium chloride content predictive value of cross-validation collection sample, y_calUtilize to be selected for calibration samples The meter sodium chloride content predictive value of model, y_avgStandard chlorination sodium content meansigma methods for calibration samples；Table 2 is The coefficient of determination r and RMSECV of the model to be selected that different pretreatments method is corresponding, shows to use first differential Carrying out Pretreated spectra, the r of the model obtained is maximum, and RMSECV value is minimum.

R, the RMSECV of the model to be selected that table 2 different pretreatments method is corresponding

	Original averaged spectrum	Baseline correction	Deconvolute	First differential	Second-order differential
						R, %	94.6%	93.87	92.86	94.85	91.98
RMSECV	0.612	0.803	0.701	0.602	0.72

Finally give butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model particularly as follows:

Y_NaCl=0.239+11.164R_425nm-63.171R_481nm+25.331R_570nm+14.703R_613nm +34.126R_765nm-21.446R_917nm

Wherein, Y_NaClFor sodium chloride content, R_425nm、R_481nm、R_570nm、R_613nm、R_765nm、R_917nmRespectively For calibration samples at characteristic wavelength 425nm, 481nm, 570nm, 613nm, 765nm, 917nm Spectral reflectance values；

(2) test:

(2-1) gather the near-infrared high spectrum image of butcher's meat sample to be measured, it is thus achieved that the height of butcher's meat sample to be measured Spectrum picture, after denoising and background separation process, obtains butcher's meat image；Extract the average of butcher's meat image Spectrum, carries out spectral intensity correction and pretreatment to averaged spectrum, obtains the spectral reflectance of butcher's meat sample to be measured Rate value；

(2-2) by the spectral reflectance values input step (1-3) under the EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength of butcher's meat sample to be measured The butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model obtained, obtains the sodium chloride content of butcher's meat sample to be measured；Contrast uses It is inclined that the butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model of the present embodiment obtains between predictive value and traditional method measured value Difference, and by predictive value and the standard method measured value through this model prediction is associated, as it is shown on figure 3, The coefficient of determination r of this model is 0.90, shows that between the method for the present invention and standard method, dependency is good, enters The model that one step explanation is set up has preferable predictive ability.

Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not by described reality Execute the restriction of example, the change made under other any spirit without departing from the present invention and principle, modification, Substitute, combine, simplify, all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the method for sodium chloride content in a quick mensuration butcher's meat, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

(1) butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model is set up:

(1-1) with the addition of different content sodium chloride multiple marinated meat product as calibration samples, acquisition correction sample This near-infrared high spectrum image, it is thus achieved that the high spectrum image of calibration samples through denoising and background separation After process, obtain butcher's meat image；Extract the averaged spectrum of butcher's meat image, averaged spectrum is carried out spectral intensity Correction and pretreatment, obtain the spectral reflectance values of calibration samples；

(1-2) method of adopting international standards measures the sodium chloride content of calibration samples, obtains the mark of calibration samples Quasi-sodium chloride content；

(1-3) spectral reflectivity under the EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength of calibration samples is set up by Multivariate Correction algorithm The quantitative relationship of value and the standard chlorination sodium content of calibration samples, obtains butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model:

Y_NaCl=0.239+11.164R_425nm-63.171R_481nm+25.331R_570nm+14.703R_613nm +34.126R_765nm-21.446R_917nm

Wherein, Y_NaClFor sodium chloride content, R_425nm、R_481nm、R_570nm、R_613nm、R_765nm、R_917nmRespectively For calibration samples at characteristic wavelength 425nm, 481nm, 570nm, 613nm, 765nm, 917nm Spectral reflectance values；

(2) test:

(2-1) gather the near-infrared high spectrum image of butcher's meat sample to be measured, it is thus achieved that the height of butcher's meat sample to be measured Spectrum picture, after denoising and background separation process, obtains butcher's meat image；Extract the average of butcher's meat image Spectrum, carries out spectral intensity correction and pretreatment to averaged spectrum, obtains the spectral reflectance of butcher's meat sample to be measured Rate value；

(2-2) by the spectral reflectance values input step (1-3) under the EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength of butcher's meat sample to be measured The butcher's meat sodium chloride content calibration model obtained, obtains the sodium chloride content of butcher's meat sample to be measured.

The method of sodium chloride content in quick mensuration butcher's meat the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Step (1-1) described background separation processes, particularly as follows:

Segmentation threshold is set to 0.2～0.25, background is separated with butcher's meat image.

The method of sodium chloride content in quick mensuration butcher's meat the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Step (1-1) described pretreatment, particularly as follows:

Use baseline correction, deconvolute, first differential or second-order differential carry out pretreatment.

The method of sodium chloride content in quick mensuration butcher's meat the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Step (1-2) described International Standards Method is the Fo Erhade in national standard method GB/T9596.8-2008 Method.

The method of sodium chloride content in quick mensuration butcher's meat the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Spectrum under the described EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength being set up calibration samples by Multivariate Correction algorithm of step (1-3) is anti- The quantitative relationship of the standard chlorination sodium content of radiance rate value and calibration samples, particularly as follows:

To the spectral reflectance values under the EO-1 hyperion characteristic wavelength of pretreated calibration samples and calibration samples Standard chlorination sodium content carries out PLS, obtains multiple model to be selected；

Calibration model optimum main cause subnumber is determined by minima forecast model residual sum of squares (RSS) PRESS； The computational methods of PRESS are as follows:

$PRESS=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{(y_{cal}-y_{act})}^2$

Wherein, n is calibration samples number, y_actFor the standard chlorination sodium content of calibration samples, y_calFor correction sample This utilizes the sodium chloride content predictive value of model to be selected.

The method of sodium chloride content in quick mensuration butcher's meat the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that Described optimum main cause subnumber is 5.