CN103553696A - Manufacturing method of high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant antenna housing body - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant antenna housing body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103553696A CN103553696A CN201310528348.3A CN201310528348A CN103553696A CN 103553696 A CN103553696 A CN 103553696A CN 201310528348 A CN201310528348 A CN 201310528348A CN 103553696 A CN103553696 A CN 103553696A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ablation
- resistant
- high temperature
- temperature resistant
- radome
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant antenna housing body. The manufacturing method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: (1), preparing an end cap with a clamping column by adopting a high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant material, wherein the clamping column is a prism with 5-7 lateral edges; (2), fixing the end cap on a woven core model with a clamping groove matched with the clamping column through the clamping column, and producing a quartz fibre woven body meeting the requirements to form an original billet; (3), poaching, roasting, acid-leaching, immersing and drying the original billet; (4), putting the dried original billet in silica sol, respectively immersing and compounding in vacuum and vibration states, and repeating the step for 4-8 times; and (5), sintering the immersed and compounded original billet, enabling the original billet to be ceramicized to form a crude billet, and machining to obtain the high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant antenna housing body. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in process; the prepared high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant antenna housing body can stand the tests of high-mach and long-endurance working conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacture method of radome cover body, specifically refer to a kind of manufacture method of the high temperature resistant radome of the resistance to ablation cover body of ground, the medium-long range ground cruise missile radome of (>1000s) while can be applicable to high Mach (>7Ma), long boat.
Background technology
Radome is the head that is positioned at missile weapon system; the important composition parts of whole weapons system; the function with high temperature resistant, resistance to ablation, carrying, wave transparent, plays a part the system normal operations such as the communication under severe environment of protection missile weapon system, remote measurement, guidance, ignition.
Progress along with spationautics, the flight velocity of missile armament is more and more higher, the flight velocity of current all kinds of advanced tactical missiles is many more than 4Ma, the reentry velocity of ground, ground intermediate range missile has reached 10～12Ma, and the long-range missile reentry velocity of a new generation can reach 15～18Ma, this environment that bullet is faced is more and more severe, particularly suffer serious high temperature during intermediate range ballistic missile atmospheric reentry, high pressure, noise, vibrations, impact and overload, its heat, severe tens times and even hundred times than powered phase of force environments, this has just proposed more and more acid test to missile-borne radome.
When flight velocity reaches 7Ma when above, re-entry phase Aerodynamic Heating causes the temperature of radome stationary point (being radome end cap position) outer wall can be up to more than 1800 ℃, and flight velocity further increases, and the temperature of stationary point outer wall will be higher.The use temperature of current quartzy composite ceramics of being used widely generally, 1500 ℃ of left and right, has been difficult to meet the service requirements of position, stationary point ultrahigh-temperature.At present mainly by brush the method for high temperature resistant antiscour coating at position, cover body stationary point, improve the high temperature resistant scour resistance in position, radome stationary point, and then improve the use properties of quartzy composite ceramics radome.But high temperature resistant antiscour coating less stable easily comes off in severe Working environment, has limited its widespread use.
Composite material of silicon carbide, silicon nitride composite material or ultrahigh temperature ceramic composite have the resistance to elevated temperatures more excellent than quartzy composite ceramics, therefore the present invention is from antenna cover structure, radome covers body structure is adopted to quartzy composite ceramics cover body, position, stationary point adopts high temperature resistant, the silicon nitride composite material of resistance to ablation, composite material of silicon carbide or ultrahigh temperature ceramic composite, utilize the method for integrated molding to prepare the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body, to improve the use properties of quartzy composite ceramics radome, meet the high Mach of a new generation, the application demand of weapons system during long boat to radome.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body, to improve the high temperature resistant ablation resistance of quartzy composite ceramics radome, the application demand of the weapons system while meeting the high Mach of a new generation, long boat to radome.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) according to the requirement of product structure, size, adopt end cap high temperature resistant, that ablation resistant material preparation has card column, described high temperature resistant, ablation resistant material is composite material of silicon carbide, silicon nitride composite material or ultrahigh temperature ceramic composite, and described card column is the prism with 5～7 inclines;
(2) end cap is fixed on by card column on the braiding core with the draw-in groove matching with card column, then according to the thickness of product, produces satisfactory silica fibrage body, end cap is woven in the head of silica fibrage body, forms original base;
(3) original base is carried out to pre-treatment: first use after high purity water poach 20～35h, after oven dry again at 200～400 ℃ of logical oxygen roasting 3～6h; Then put into acid solution and soak 10～20h, then with high purity water, soak 2～3 times each 10～15h; Finally original base is dried; Described acid solution is that the hydrochloric acid of massfraction 36～38% and the nitric acid of massfraction 65～70% are formulated by the volume ratio of 3:1;
(4) pretreated original base is placed in to silicon sol, first under vacuum state, flood compound, be less than or equal to-90kPa of vacuum pressure, dipping time is 30～80min; Then auxiliary with vibration raising dipping composite effect, vibration rate is 3000～4000rad/min, and vibration dipping time is 20～60min.The object of dipping recombination process is that diffusion and the capillary phenomenon by silica sol granule completes the infiltration to original base.Flood after original base after compound takes out and be dried.
(5) repeating step is (4) 4～8 times, to guarantee the dipping effect of original base.
(6) the original base flooding after compound is carried out to sintering, make its ceramic form crude green body.
(7) crude green body is machined into desired product size, can obtains the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body.
Further, the card column in described step (1) is the prism with 6 inclines.
Further, in described step (4), the density of silicon sol is 1.12～1.16g/cm
3.
Further, the sintering temperature of described step (6) is 700～1100 ℃, and at this temperature, part crystal orientation can occur for silica dioxide granule and silica fiber, makes material ceramic and densification, forms quartzy composite ceramic material.In addition, at high temperature there is molecular diffusion and crystallization in the quartzy composite ceramic material two-phase interface of end cap material and formation, can further improve the interface bond strength of the two.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) adopt high temperature resistant, the good silicon nitride composite ceramics of ablation resistance, silicon carbide compound pottery or ultrahigh temperature ceramic composite as end cap material; can improve high temperature resistant, the ablation resistance at position, radome stationary point; radome head is played a protective role; and then improve the use properties of whole radome, the test of operating mode while making radome can withstand high Mach, long boat.
(2) end cap adopts card column and draw-in groove form to be connected to form the braiding that core body carries out silica fibrage body with braiding core, because the card column of end cap is the prism with 5～7 inclines, braiding core has the draw-in groove matching with card column, end cap and braiding core are by card column and the mutual interlock of draw-in groove, both can guarantee that skew or crooked did not occur end cap, the braiding of being convenient to again silica fibrage body forms the original base of radome.
(3) original base can be prepared the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body by integrated molding after dipping, sintering, realizes the seamless connection between end cap and quartzy composite ceramics; Molecular diffusion effect and crystallization effect by two-phase interface between end cap material and quartzy composite ceramics, can improve bonding strength to each other.
(4) the inventive method technique is simple, and one-time mechanical processing can obtain desired product, is convenient to mass production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of end cap of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of original base of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
(1) silicon carbide composite ceramic materials is processed into the end cap with card column 11 1 as shown in Figure 1, described card column 11 is six prisms;
(2) then end cap 1 is fixed on the knit nylon core 2 with the draw-in groove 21 matching with card column 11 by card column 11, according to the thickness of product, produce satisfactory silica fibrage body 3, end cap is knitted to the head of silica fibrage body 3, forms original base as shown in Figure 2;
(3) original base is carried out to pre-treatment: first use after high purity water poach 20h, after oven dry again at 320 ℃ of logical oxygen roasting 4h; Then put into acid solution and soak 12h, then soak 2 times with high purity water, soak 10h at every turn; Finally original base is dried; Described acid solution is that the hydrochloric acid of massfraction 37% and the nitric acid of massfraction 65% are formulated by the volume ratio of 3:1;
(4) pretreated original base being placed in to density is 1.12g/cm
3silicon sol in, first under vacuum state, flood compoundly, vacuum pressure is-90kPa that dipping time is 60min; Then aid in vibration and flood, vibration rate be 3000～4000rad/min so that there is violent oscillation mark in silicon sol liquid level, increase the kinetic energy of silica sol granule, improve dipping composite effect.After vibration dipping 30min, after taking out, the original base after dipping is compound is dried.
(5) repeating step is (4) 5 times, to guarantee the dipping effect of original base.
(6) the original base flooding after compound is carried out to sintering at 850 ℃, make its ceramic form crude green body.
(7) crude green body is machined into desired product size, can obtains the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body.
Embodiment 2
(1) silicon nitride composite ceramics materials processing is become to the end cap with card column 11 1 as shown in Figure 1, described card column 11 is six prisms;
(2) then end cap 1 is fixed on the knit nylon core 2 with the draw-in groove 21 matching with card column 11 by card column 11, according to the thickness of product, produce satisfactory silica fibrage body 3, end cap is knitted to the head of silica fibrage body 3, forms original base as shown in Figure 2;
(3) original base is carried out to pre-treatment: first use after high purity water poach 30h, after oven dry again at 200 ℃ of logical oxygen roasting 6h; Then put into acid solution and soak 20h; With high purity water, soak 2 times more each 10h; Finally original base is dried; Described acid solution is that the hydrochloric acid of massfraction 36% and the nitric acid of massfraction 70% are formulated by the volume ratio of 3:1
(4) pretreated original base being placed in to density is 1.16g/cm
3silicon sol in, first under vacuum state, flood compoundly, vacuum pressure is-90kPa that dipping time is 60min; Then aid in vibration and flood, vibration rate be 3000～4000rad/min so that there is violent oscillation mark in silicon sol liquid level, increase the kinetic energy of silica sol granule, improve dipping composite effect.After vibration dipping 30min, after taking out, the original base after dipping is compound is dried.
(5) repeating step is (4) 7 times, to guarantee the dipping effect of original base.
(6) the original base substrate flooding after compound is carried out to 1000 ℃ of sintering, make its ceramic form crude green body.
(7) crude green body is machined into desired product size, can obtains the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body, is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps:
(1) according to the requirement of product structure, size, adopt end cap high temperature resistant, that ablation resistant material preparation has card column, described high temperature resistant, ablation resistant material is composite material of silicon carbide, silicon nitride composite material or ultrahigh temperature ceramic composite, and described card column is the prism with 5～7 inclines;
(2) end cap is fixed on by card column on the braiding core with the draw-in groove matching with card column, then according to the thickness of product, produces satisfactory silica fibrage body, end cap is woven in the head of silica fibrage body, forms original base;
(3) original base is carried out to pre-treatment: first use high purity water poach 20～35h, after oven dry again at 200～400 ℃ of logical oxygen roasting 3～6h; Then put into acid solution and soak 10～20h, then with high purity water, soak 2～3 times each 10～15h; Finally original base is dried; Described acid solution is that the hydrochloric acid of massfraction 36～38% and the nitric acid of massfraction 65～70% are formulated by the volume ratio of 3:1;
(4) pretreated original base is placed in to silicon sol, first under vacuum state, flood compound, be less than or equal to-90kPa of vacuum pressure, dipping time is 30～80min; Then auxiliary with vibration raising dipping composite effect, vibration rate is 3000～4000rad/min, and vibration dipping time is 20～60min;
(5) repeating step is (4) 4～8 times;
(6) the original base flooding after compound is carried out to sintering, make its ceramic form crude green body;
(7) crude green body is machined into desired product size, can obtains the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body.
2. the preparation method of the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the card column in described step (1) is the prism with 6 inclines.
3. the preparation method of the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in described step (4), the density of silicon sol is 1.12～1.16g/cm
3.
4. the preparation method of the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the sintering temperature in described step (6) is 700～1100 ℃.
5. the preparation method of the high temperature resistant radome of resistance to ablation cover body according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the sintering temperature in described step (6) is 700～1100 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310528348.3A CN103553696B (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2013-10-31 | Manufacturing method of high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant antenna housing body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310528348.3A CN103553696B (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2013-10-31 | Manufacturing method of high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant antenna housing body |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103553696A true CN103553696A (en) | 2014-02-05 |
| CN103553696B CN103553696B (en) | 2014-11-26 |
Family
ID=50008115
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310528348.3A Active CN103553696B (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2013-10-31 | Manufacturing method of high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant antenna housing body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103553696B (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103936390A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-07-23 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Preparation method of phosphate composite material radome body |
| CN104446584A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-03-25 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Moulding method of variable-density broadband wave-transparent quartz composite ceramic antenna housing body |
| CN104953275A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-30 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Asymmetric multilayer radome body and machining method thereof |
| CN105742810A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-07-06 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Fabrication method for cover body of superhigh temperature ceramic matrix composite material ablation head antenna cover |
| CN106518126A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-22 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Method for preparing whisker reinforced quartz composite ceramic wave-transmitting material |
| CN106630983A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Preparation method of heat protection/insulation integral antenna cover and mold thereof |
| CN104393402B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-06-27 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | The manufacture method of miniature and thin-walled composite ceramic wave-transparent antenna house |
| CN109494476A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-03-19 | 中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所 | A kind of radome tip positioning repairing type mechanism |
| CN109560381A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-04-02 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of ceramic radome improves the pre- Enhancement Method of intensity |
| CN110386810A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-10-29 | 江西嘉捷信达新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and application of prestressed ceramic base radome/antenna windows composite material |
| CN115947613A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-11 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Method for preparing densified quartz composite ceramic material by high-pressure impregnation process |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004045847A1 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-06-03 | Chengdu New West-Point Science And Technology Co., Ltd. | A new fire retarding board and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN1536710A (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-13 | 北京玻璃钢研究设计院 | Antenna cover for submerged ungerwater ship and its preparation method |
| CN101027816A (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2007-08-29 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Antenna housing and method for producing an antenna housing |
| CN101635386A (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2010-01-27 | 南京工业大学 | High temperature resistant PVC profile outer cover used in base station antenna and preparation method thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-10-31 CN CN201310528348.3A patent/CN103553696B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004045847A1 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-06-03 | Chengdu New West-Point Science And Technology Co., Ltd. | A new fire retarding board and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN1536710A (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-13 | 北京玻璃钢研究设计院 | Antenna cover for submerged ungerwater ship and its preparation method |
| CN101027816A (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2007-08-29 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Antenna housing and method for producing an antenna housing |
| CN101635386A (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2010-01-27 | 南京工业大学 | High temperature resistant PVC profile outer cover used in base station antenna and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103936390A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-07-23 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Preparation method of phosphate composite material radome body |
| CN103936390B (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2016-08-17 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | The preparation method of phosphate composite material antenna house cover body |
| CN104393402B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-06-27 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | The manufacture method of miniature and thin-walled composite ceramic wave-transparent antenna house |
| CN104446584A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-03-25 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Moulding method of variable-density broadband wave-transparent quartz composite ceramic antenna housing body |
| CN104446584B (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-06-22 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | The forming method of variable density wideband wave transparent quartz composite ceramics antenna house cover body |
| CN104953275A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-30 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Asymmetric multilayer radome body and machining method thereof |
| CN104953275B (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2018-03-09 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Asymmetric radome of sandwich type cover body and its processing method |
| CN105742810A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-07-06 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Fabrication method for cover body of superhigh temperature ceramic matrix composite material ablation head antenna cover |
| CN105742810B (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2018-07-31 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | The manufacturing method of ultra-temperature ceramic-based composite material ablation previous day irdome cover body |
| CN106518126A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-22 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Method for preparing whisker reinforced quartz composite ceramic wave-transmitting material |
| CN106630983A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Preparation method of heat protection/insulation integral antenna cover and mold thereof |
| CN109494476A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-03-19 | 中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所 | A kind of radome tip positioning repairing type mechanism |
| CN109560381A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-04-02 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of ceramic radome improves the pre- Enhancement Method of intensity |
| CN109560381B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2021-05-07 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | Pre-reinforcing method for improving strength of ceramic radome |
| CN110386810A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-10-29 | 江西嘉捷信达新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and application of prestressed ceramic base radome/antenna windows composite material |
| CN110386810B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2022-02-15 | 江西嘉捷信达新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method and application of prestressed ceramic-based radar antenna housing/antenna window composite material |
| CN115947613A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-11 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Method for preparing densified quartz composite ceramic material by high-pressure impregnation process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103553696B (en) | 2014-11-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103553696B (en) | Manufacturing method of high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant antenna housing body | |
| CN106699209A (en) | Preparation method of continuous alumina fiber-reinforced aluminum oxide ceramic matrix composite material | |
| CN105802516B (en) | The preparation method of ethanol-soluble type high temperature resistant Phosphate adhesive | |
| CN106007760B (en) | Double substrate micro composite ceramics antenna house cover and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110028324B (en) | Preparation method of nitride ceramic | |
| CN109265188A (en) | A kind of fibre reinforced hafnium boride-tantalum boride-carbon ceramics based composites and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104261850A (en) | High-temperature-resistant wave-transparent silicon nitride fiber-reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107141005B (en) | Silicon nitride fiber enhances silica and boron nitride ceramics based composites and its preparation method and application | |
| CN110240488A (en) | A kind of high temperature resistant wave-permeable ceramic matric composite and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103664213B (en) | The preparation method of the high-temperature wave-transparent composite that a kind of shuffling is fiber reinforced | |
| WO2014149757A1 (en) | Silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites containing a rare earth compound | |
| CN102424574B (en) | Carbon fiber reinforced phosphate composite material forming process | |
| CN104451519A (en) | Multi-layer thermal barrier coating and forming method thereof | |
| CN109400173A (en) | A kind of boron nitride fiber enhancing nitride ceramic composites and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103387406A (en) | Preparation method of dimensional and high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon compound material | |
| CN104193384A (en) | Zirconium oxide-based porous composite material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104230364A (en) | Preparation process of rod-like ZrB2 toughened ZrB2-SiC ultrahigh-temperature ceramic | |
| CN103724032A (en) | Two-dimension fiber cloth-reinforced silicon nitride-silicon carbide ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110386810A (en) | A kind of preparation method and application of prestressed ceramic base radome/antenna windows composite material | |
| CN109553431B (en) | Preparation method of hollow quartz fiber fabric tough ceramic matrix composite material | |
| CN103787684B (en) | The preparation method of high temperature resistant nitride based ceramic penetrating wave composite material forming thing | |
| CN102167590A (en) | Precursor conversion preparation method of nitride ceramic material | |
| CN110078517A (en) | A kind of shuffling fiber reinforcement nitride ceramic composites antenna house and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104944945A (en) | Method for preparing anti-aging zirconia ceramic insert core | |
| CN109608235A (en) | Gel infiltration ceramic modification method for C/C composite material special-shaped part |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |