CN103551997A - Preparation method for polishing and grinding all-in-one wheel containing natural fiber, grinding material and hollow microsphere - Google Patents
Preparation method for polishing and grinding all-in-one wheel containing natural fiber, grinding material and hollow microsphere Download PDFInfo
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- CN103551997A CN103551997A CN201310552428.2A CN201310552428A CN103551997A CN 103551997 A CN103551997 A CN 103551997A CN 201310552428 A CN201310552428 A CN 201310552428A CN 103551997 A CN103551997 A CN 103551997A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for a polishing and grinding all-in-one wheel containing natural fibers, grinding materials and hollow microspheres. The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the natural fibers, the grinding materials and the hollow microspheres with adhesive and performing uniform agitation; uniformly spreading the materials in a mold cavity; performing press molding through two times of pressurization by using an oil press.
Description
Technical field
The preparation method who the present invention relates to the rubbing down integrated wheel of a kind of including natural fibers and abrasive material and tiny balloon, belongs to grinding tool field.
Background technology
The various rubbing down grinding tools of current making mainly contain three large classes and have following defect: 1. resin wheel---due to close structure, weak heat-dissipating, oil pressure moulding, dense structure.General resin bond wheel (bonded abrasive tool) is mainly to be formed through mixing, compression molding, heat hardening by abrasive material, resin adhesive, and the use of this class emery wheel exists such as defects such as the heating of the large cutting force of needs, workpiece are serious.Pore in porous grinding wheel (bonded abrasive tool) be generally in cure process by fill can be at the temperature higher than more than 130 degree the filler (as walnut shell, refined naphthalene etc.) of burn off (being carbonization) burn and form.Thereby but natural fiber also can lose efficacy under this operating mode in carbonization.
2. fiber crops wheel---polishing efficiency is low, as (which floor sisal hemp is sewed together, and only has end face to participate in grinding).Chinese patent CN1238254A discloses a kind of sisal fiber polishing wheel, discloses its preparation method to be: adopt needing machine that sisal hemp short fibre is made to felted stock, then by layer 2-4 sisal hemp felted stock through superimposed, be stitched into a kind of sisal fiber polishing wheel.There is following shortcoming in the sisal fiber polishing wheel prepared by this kind of method: one, because used sisal fiber length only has 4-12cm, thereby polishing wheel in use sisal fiber easily come off, shortened the service life of polishing wheel; Two, because of the restriction of needling density, can not guarantee can to combine closely in any position of polishing wheel, thereby also can affect the result of use of polishing wheel.
3. nylon wheel---abrasive material utilization rate is not high, thereby because the low heating of TG of nylon can cause softening causing, abrasive material hold is declined, so that abrasive material does not fully participate in grinding, does not just come off and causes waste; Also likely because feeling like jelly, pollute grinding workpiece surface simultaneously.
Chinese patent CN200410029879.9 has disclosed a kind of manufacture method of sisal fiber polishing wheel, and it is after the sisal fiber prescinding, synthetic resin and optional other plant and inorganic compound are evenly mixed, are dried, hot-forming.The polishing wheel that this method is produced is owing to being mold pressing but thering is no that material with holes so that total are very fine and close does not have space, thereby easily causes emery wheel surface temperature rising bonding agent inefficacy surface blackening in whole grinding process, the waste of raw material breaking releasing; Thereby grinding workpiece also can cause greatly the concentrated grinding workpiece surface of also likely polluting of stress by surface temperature rise simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the rubbing down integrated wheel of a kind of including natural fibers and abrasive material and tiny balloon.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: the preparation method of the rubbing down integrated wheel of a kind of including natural fibers and abrasive material and tiny balloon, comprises the steps:
1) natural fiber, abrasive material, tiny balloon are mixed with binding agent and stirred;
2) material uniform spreading step 1 being obtained is in die cavity;
3) hydraulic press pressurizes compressing for the first time;
4) release, and baking, the compacting of then pressurizeing for the second time, baking-curing then, comes out of the stove after being slowly down to room temperature, mould unloading.
In the present invention, described natural fiber refers to nature fiber original or that directly obtain on the plant of cultivation, on the animal of artificial feeding, includes but not limited to string, animal origin, mineral fibres.In concrete example of the present invention, described natural fiber is selected from seed fiber, as cotton, kapok etc.; Or leaf fibre, as sisal hemp, abaca etc.; Also or fasciated fiber, as ramie, flax, hemp, jute etc.In another example of the present invention, described natural fiber is selected from hair and silk, such as sheep's wool, goats hair, camel hair, the rabbit hair, yak hair or mulberry silk, tussah silk etc.Natural fiber described in the present invention can also be the recycled fiber of those Mian ﹑ Ma ﹑ Mao ﹑ silks.
In the present invention, described abrasive material refers to sharp keen, hard, in order to the material of the softer material surface of grinding.Described abrasive material can be natural abrasive, includes but not limited to natural emery, Naxas emery, garnet and natural diamond etc.; Also can be artificial abrasive material, include but not limited to brown corundum abrasive, white fused alumina abrasive material, single alundum abrasive material, black silicon carbide grain, green silicon carbide abrasive material, cubic silicon carbide abrasive material, cerium silicon carbide abrasive material, boron carbide, diamond and cubic boron nitride etc., and the recovery sand of vitrified abrasive, resin wheel etc. etc.
In the present invention, described tiny balloon has the characteristic of low-density, high-ratio surface, and its hollow space can hold a large amount of guest molecules or large scale object, the tiny balloon that the present invention adopts includes but not limited to glass tiny balloon, resin tiny balloon or macromolecule tiny balloon, ceramic hollow microballoon; The diameter 20um-30000um of described tiny balloon.
In the present invention, described bonding agent can be urea aldehyde, melamine resin, epoxy resin or inorganic binder etc., also can be phenolic resin modified, the phenolic aldehyde that comprises the modifications such as urea aldehyde, melamine resin, epoxy, acrylic acid, consumption of binder is raw material total mass ratio 20～50%.
Between natural fiber of the present invention and abrasive material, mixed proportion can regulate according to actual needs, change the mixed proportion of natural fiber (volume ratio 1%-99%) and abrasive material (volume ratio 99%-1%), can obtain different rubbing down effects: abrasive material content is just bound to reduce same wheel natural fiber content is many, and at this moment polishing effect is good; Few and the abrasive material content of natural fiber content is just bound to increase, and at this moment grinding efficiency is high.Adopt the benefit of natural fiber to be, the natural fiber blackout of can not feeling like jelly in the process of grinding; Natural fiber can strengthen structural strength as reinforcement again simultaneously.
In example of the present invention, the volume ratio of natural fiber is 80-99%, and the volume ratio of abrasive material is 1-20%, and now rubbing down integrated wheel focuses on polishing effect.Within the scope of this, the volume ratio of natural fiber can be 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% etc., and the volume ratio of abrasive material can be 1%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20%.
In another instantiation of the present invention, the volume ratio of natural fiber is 50-80%, and the volume ratio of abrasive material is 20-50%, and now rubbing down integrated wheel is taken into account polishing and ground effect, within the scope of this, the volume ratio of natural fiber can be 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% or 80%; The volume ratio of abrasive material can be 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%.
In another instantiation of the present invention, the volume ratio of natural fiber is 20-50%, and the volume ratio of abrasive material is 50-80%, and now rubbing down integrated wheel is taken into account polishing and ground effect.Within the scope of this, the volume ratio of abrasive material can be 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% or 80%; The volume ratio of natural fiber can be 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%.
In example of the present invention, the volume ratio of natural fiber is 1-20%, and the volume ratio of abrasive material is 80-99%, and now rubbing down integrated wheel focuses on ground effect.Within the scope of this, the volume ratio of abrasive material can be 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% etc., and the volume ratio of natural fiber can be 1%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20%.
After breaking, tiny balloon of the present invention pressurized in grinding process not only can dispel the heat but also be basis while or the new cutting edge from sharp crack growth; When not breaking, can improve again impact and the bending strength of structure, according to the height of heat radiation and grinding efficiency requirement, can change the addition of tiny balloon simultaneously.Simultaneously, after allowing microballoon break, form tough mouthful of the grinding that varies in size and distribute at diverse location in grinding, also be heat dissipation channel simultaneously, be conducive to reduce polish-grinding plate itself and grinding workpiece surface temperature, thereby improve service life, improve the utilization rate of material and reduce grinding workpiece surface is caused stress to concentrate possibility by carburizing.The addition of tiny balloon may determine according to actual needs, adds by volume effect that tiny balloon brings and be the amount of adding larger, and grinding and polishing efficiency is higher, and the temperature rise on grinding workpiece and emery wheel surface is fewer.The 1%-50% of the addition of tiny balloon based on abrasive material volume can be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% etc.
In the present invention, pressurization is for the first time toasted 2h at suppressing latter 80 ℃, and pressurization is for the second time toasted 4-6h at suppressing latter 120 ℃.
Rubbing down integrated wheel of the present invention can adopt two kinds of typical surface structures: plane rubbing down integrated wheel and circumference grinding and polishing integrated wheel.As described in Fig. 1 or 2.Fig. 3 illustrates the microstructure of rubbing down integrated wheel, therefrom can find out that binding agent combines natural fiber, abrasive material and tiny balloon securely.Fig. 4 is the another kind of form microstructure schematic diagram of rubbing down integrated wheel.In the middle of being, difference increased one deck grid sisal hemp cloth as reinforcement.During making plane rubbing down integrated wheel, be simultaneously stained with back of the body lid, while making circumference rubbing down integrated wheel, without the back of the body, cover.In the present invention, back of the body lid can be glass lid, sisal hemp etc.
Further, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, on the polish-grinding plate working face of rubbing down integrated wheel of the present invention, groove is also set, for plane rubbing down integrated wheel, described groove is mind-set surrounding radiated entends in polish-grinding plate; For circumference rubbing down integrated wheel, described groove is vertically arranged along polish-grinding plate working face.Described groove is more conducive to grinding, moves back bits and heat radiation, reduces surface of the work residual stress, simultaneously for new provides condition from sharp crack growth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is plane rubbing down integrated wheel schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is circumference rubbing down integrated wheel schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the microstructure schematic diagram of rubbing down integrated wheel of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the microstructure schematic diagram of another kind of rubbing down integrated wheel of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the shaping mould that is heating and curing of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is plane rubbing down integrated wheel stereogram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is plane rubbing down integrated wheel sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the relation of natural fiber and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and grinding ratio in embodiment 1 plane rubbing down integrated wheel sample 1-3, grinding efficiency.
Fig. 9 is that in embodiment 1 plane rubbing down integrated wheel sample 1-3, natural fiber and abrasive material volume ratio change the relation with exemplar surface roughness.
Figure 10 is the relation of embodiment 1 circumference rubbing down integrated wheel sample 1-3 natural fiber and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and grinding ratio, grinding efficiency.
Figure 11 is the relation of embodiment 1 circumference rubbing down integrated wheel sample 1-3 natural fiber and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and exemplar surface roughness.
Figure 12 is the relation of embodiment 2 plane rubbing down integrated wheel sample 4-6 tiny balloons and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and grinding ratio, grinding efficiency.
Figure 13 is the relation of embodiment 2 plane rubbing down integrated wheel sample 4-6 tiny balloons and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and exemplar surface roughness.
Figure 14 is the relation of embodiment 2 circumference rubbing down integrated wheel sample 4-6 tiny balloons and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and grinding ratio, grinding efficiency.
Figure 15 is the relation of embodiment 2 circumference rubbing down integrated wheel sample 4-6 tiny balloons and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and exemplar surface roughness.
Figure 16 is the relation that embodiment 2 circumference rubbing down integrated wheel sample 7-9 tiny balloons and abrasive material volume ratio meet or exceed critical value and grinding ratio, grinding efficiency.
Figure 17 is the relation that embodiment 2 circumference rubbing down integrated wheel sample 7-9 tiny balloons and abrasive material volume ratio meet or exceed critical value exemplar surface roughness.
Figure 18 is the process chart of preparing rubbing down integrated wheel.
Figure 19 is the another kind of process chart of preparing rubbing down integrated wheel.
In figure, 1 for back of the body lid, 2 be polish-grinding plate, 3 for tiny balloon, 4 for natural fiber, 5 for binding agent, 6 for abrasive material, 7 for grid sisal hemp cloth, 8 for abrasive material, resin adhesive liquid and tiny balloon mixture, 9 be metal mold cavity mould.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1(explores natural fiber and the relation of abrasive material mixed volume ratio with rubbing down effect)
Formula:
The explanation of sample production method:
1, sample production
1.1 batch mixings: in ratio in each style formula in formula 1, take successively abrasive material, then add coarse whiting (can be calcined kaolin etc.), stir; Under stirring, add the sisal fiber (use thin number as made the plane rubbing down integrated wheel of plane rubbing down, make the circumference rubbing down integrated wheel of circumference rubbing down and use thick number) of handling well, guarantee to stir; Under stirring, add the tiny balloon of handling well, guarantee to stir; Finally under stirring, add modification liquid phenolic resin, stir.Have suffered batch mixing process, surely will guarantee that batch mixing evenly (can not occur caking, clustering phenomena).
1.2 compactings are with curing: press shaping density 2.3-2.5g/cm
3, according to done rubbing down wheel volume size, calculate weighing.Load weighted material is divided uniformly in die cavity and (as made the face grinding wheel of plane rubbing down, first packed cover into die cavity, then material is spread out in cover uniformly; As make the circumference rubbing down integrated wheel of circumference rubbing down, first by semi-uniform being spread out in die cavity of material, then add sisal hemp or glass fiber reticular cloth, then remaining second half material is spread out on sisal hemp or glass fiber reticular cloth uniformly).After dress mould completes, with hydraulic press, pressurize for the first time compressing.Then release is toasted after 2h at 80 ℃, pressurizes for the second time after compacting, toasts (plane rubbing down integrated wheel solidifies 4h, and circumference rubbing down integrated wheel solidifies 6h) after 4-6h at 120 ℃, come out of the stove after being slowly down to room temperature, and mould unloading.
1.3 tests are made style and are: the plane rubbing down integrated wheel of plane rubbing down: overall diameter is 4 inches (101.6-103mm), and internal diameter is 55mm, and aperture is 16mm, thickness 6-8mm);
The circumference rubbing down integrated wheel of circumference rubbing down: overall diameter is that 10.6 inches of (270mm) apertures are 32mm, thickness 30mm).
Detect and test data contrast:
1, method of testing explanation: this grinding detects material and is: the plane rubbing down integrated wheel of plane rubbing down: 45# steel plate (the thick * 10mm of the wide 100mm* of long 200mm*); The circumference rubbing down integrated wheel of circumference rubbing down: 45# rod iron (long 200mm* diameter * 50mm), under identical grinding condition, (grinding material, rubbing down wheel bear pressure respectively, and rotational line speed (plane rubbing down integrated wheel: 60m/s, circumference rubbing down integrated wheel: 40m/s) all identical.
2, each index calculating method explanation:
2.1 grinding efficiencies: refer to that the worn amount of material is divided by the grinding time, the g/min of unit.
2.2 grinding ratios: the worn amount of material of exemplar and the ratio of rubbing down foot wheel abrasion amount.
2.3 surface roughnesses: refer to less spacing and small peak valley unevenness that finished surface has, the um of unit.Surface roughness is less, and surface is more smooth.With two-tube light-section microscope, measure.
Total grinding testing time is 30min, and every 10min is one section, and minute three sections of collection data, ask arithmetic mean of instantaneous value.
3, Data Collection
3.1 use formulas 1 do plane rubbing down integrated wheel (sample 1, sample 2, sample 3) for plane rubbing down with conventional with grain 60#(common corundum) 4 inches of face wheels contrast:
Note: natural fiber and abrasive material volume ratio are: sample 1:10% sample 2:20% sample 3:30%.
Table 1
The relation of natural fiber and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and grinding ratio, grinding efficiency as shown in Figure 8; The relation of natural fiber and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and exemplar surface roughness as shown in Figure 9.
3.2 use formulas 1 do circumference rubbing down integrated wheel (sample 1, sample 2, sample 3) for circumference rubbing down with conventional with grain 60#(common corundum) 10.6 inches of thousand pages of wheels contrast:
Table 2
The relation of natural fiber and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and grinding ratio, grinding efficiency as shown in figure 10; The relation of natural fiber and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and exemplar surface roughness as shown in figure 11.
Embodiment 2(explores tiny balloon and the relation of abrasive material mixed volume ratio with rubbing down effect)
Formula:
Style fabrication processing, method and sample detection method are referring to embodiment 1
3.3 use formulas 2 do plane rubbing down integrated wheels (sample 4, sample 5, sample 6) for plane rubbing down with conventional with grain 60#(common corundums) 4 inches of face wheels contrast:
Note: tiny balloon and abrasive material volume ratio are: sample 4:10.7% sample 5:15% sample 6:20%.
Table 3
The relation of tiny balloon and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and grinding ratio, grinding efficiency as shown in figure 12; The relation of tiny balloon and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and exemplar surface roughness as shown in figure 13.
3.4 use formulas 2 do circumference rubbing down integrated wheels (sample 4, sample 5, sample 6) for circumference rubbing down with conventional with grain 60#(common corundums) 10.6 inches of thousand pages of wheels contrast:
Table 4
The relation of tiny balloon and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and grinding ratio, grinding efficiency as shown in figure 14; The relation of tiny balloon and the variation of abrasive material volume ratio and exemplar surface roughness as shown in figure 15.
3.5 rise to tiny balloon and abrasive material volume ratio: sample 7:30% sample 8:40% sample 9:50%, when exploration tiny balloon and abrasive material volume ratio meet or exceed critical value, the rubbing down effect of wheel, the circumference rubbing down integrated wheel of peripheral grinding is made sample 7,8,9 in this test, carrys out test comparison.
Table 5
The relation that tiny balloon and abrasive material volume ratio meet or exceed critical value and grinding ratio, grinding efficiency as shown in figure 16; The relation that tiny balloon and abrasive material volume ratio meet or exceed critical value exemplar surface roughness as shown in figure 17.
3.6 plane rubbing down integrated wheel samples 6, circumference rubbing down integrated wheel sample 6 and same specification nylon wheel, the contrast of sisal hemp wheel grinding index:
Table 6 plane polishing/rubbing down
Table 7 circumference polishing/rubbing down
Test brief summary:
1, by embodiment 1 (filling a prescription 1) sample testing data analysis, obtain:
In same wheel, along with natural fiber and abrasive material volume ratio become large, the polishing performance of wheel improves, otherwise grinding performance improves; Can regulate by abrasive species and meet the different requirements of material to the polishing performance of wheel, grinding performance that are ground from grain number simultaneously.
2, by embodiment 2 (filling a prescription 2) sample testing data analysis, obtain:
In same wheel, in the certain situation of amount of abrasive, along with tiny balloon and abrasive material volume ratio become large, the polishing performance of wheel, grinding performance is improved and (but notes: according to 3.5 test datas, find, when tiny balloon and abrasive material volume ratio reach critical value or surpass critical value, grinding performance is by step-down; The consumption of tiny balloon will and be ground material according to the kind of selected microballoon, specification (diameter) size the requirement of the polishing performance of wheel, grinding performance is considered); Can regulate by abrasive species and meet the different requirements of material to the polishing performance of wheel, grinding performance that are ground from grain number simultaneously.
3, by embodiment 1, 2 sample testing data are comprehensively analyzed with grain number (common corundum) wheel test data and 3.6 test datas with conventional: the plane rubbing down integrated wheel of the plane rubbing down of making by the method, the circumference rubbing down integrated wheel of circumference rubbing down, at polishing performance, on grinding performance, all improve 20%-30%, by adjusting natural fiber, tiny balloon, with abrasive material mixed volume when use abrasive species with grain number (and by the abrasive particle in wheel tissue, bonding agent, fiber, tiny balloon is transferred to suitable ratio), all can meet difference and be ground the polishing performance of material to wheel, the requirement of grinding performance.
Claims (9)
1. a preparation method for the rubbing down integrated wheel of including natural fibers and abrasive material and tiny balloon, comprises the steps:
1) natural fiber, abrasive material, tiny balloon are mixed with binding agent and stirred;
2) material uniform spreading step 1 being obtained is in die cavity;
3) hydraulic press pressurizes compressing for the first time;
4) release, and baking, the compacting of then pressurizeing for the second time, baking-curing then, comes out of the stove after being slowly down to room temperature, mould unloading.
2. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said natural fiber is selected from the recycled fiber of cotton, kapok, sisal hemp, abaca, ramie, flax, hemp, jute, sheep's wool, goats hair, camel hair, the rabbit hair, yak hair, mulberry silk, tussah silk Huo Mian ﹑ Ma ﹑ Mao ﹑ silk.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said abrasive material is selected from the recovery sand of natural emery, Naxas emery, garnet, natural diamond, brown corundum abrasive, white fused alumina abrasive material, single alundum abrasive material, black silicon carbide grain, green silicon carbide abrasive material, cubic silicon carbide abrasive material, cerium silicon carbide abrasive material, boron carbide, diamond, cubic boron nitride or vitrified abrasive, resin wheel.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, the volume ratio of wherein said natural fiber and abrasive material is natural fiber 1-99%, abrasive material 1-99%.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, the volume ratio of wherein said natural fiber and abrasive material is natural fiber 80-99%, abrasive material 1-20%; Or natural fiber 50-80%, abrasive material 20-50%; Or natural fiber 20-50%, abrasive material 50-80%; Or natural fiber 1-20%, abrasive material 80-99%.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tiny balloon is selected from glass tiny balloon, resin tiny balloon or macromolecule tiny balloon, ceramic hollow microballoon; Described tiny balloon diameter is 20um-30000um.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 6, the consumption of wherein said tiny balloon is the 1-50% of abrasive material volume.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein toasts 2h in pressurization for the first time at suppressing latter 80 ℃, and pressurization is for the second time toasted 4-6h at suppressing latter 120 ℃.
9. the rubbing down integrated wheel that method prepares as described in claim 1-8 any one.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105710789A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-06-29 | 谢泽 | Polishing wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106002650A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Preparation method of abrasive wheel for cutting of blue glass infrared cut-off optical filter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105710789A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-06-29 | 谢泽 | Polishing wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106002650A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Preparation method of abrasive wheel for cutting of blue glass infrared cut-off optical filter |
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