CN103551150A - Preparation method for magnetic composite photocatalyst based on carbonaceous material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preparation method for a magnetic composite photocatalyst based on a carbonaceous material, and belongs to the technical field of environment material preparation. The preparation method comprises: carrying out a pretreatment on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to obtain acidified MWCNTs; carrying out ultrasound on the activated MWCNTs and ethylene glycol, adding ferric nitrate nonahydrate, carrying out ultrasound, adding sodium acetate, polyethylene glycol (1500) and poly vinylpyrrolidone, and carrying out ultrasound to obtain Fe3O4/MWCNTs; carrying out sealing stirring on absolute ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate, adding a mixing solution comprising ethanol, distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a dropwise manner, and continuously carrying out sealing stirring; and carrying out opening stirring to achieve a sol state, adding the Fe3O4/MWCNTs, stirring at a uniform speed until achieve a gel state, and carrying out aging calcining to obtain the TiO2/Fe3O4/MWCNTs composite photocatalyst. According to the present invention, photoinduced electron and hole pair separation effieiency can be effectively increased with the recycling process of the photocatalyst system, and the catalyst recovery rate can be increased and thiol wastewater can be well treated with the magnetic photocatalyst.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing Hydrothermal Synthesis and combination of sol-gel and prepare the method for magnetic titanium dioxide/tri-iron tetroxide/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes composite photo-catalyst, belong to environmentally conscious materials preparing technical field.
Background technology
2-sulfydryl-1-methylimidazole, as a kind of mercaptan, is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and non-cyanide is silver-plated.But its resistance to the action of a drug and side effect thereof also have a strong impact on people's life simultaneously.Therefore it is very important, rationally processing 2-sulfydryl-1-methylimidazole in sanitary wastewater.At present, multiple technologies have been adopted, as absorption, biodegradation, hydrodesulfurization and electrochemical degradation disposal of mercaptans.Wherein, photocatalysis technology is because of nontoxic, stable, instant effect, and the feature that energy consumption is low, has brought into play important function at the energy and environmental area.Because semiconductor light-catalyst titanium dioxide has good photocatalytic activity, stability is high, and cost is low and toxicity is low, has been widely used in wastewater treatment.By titanium dioxide being carried out to modification, process the pollutants such as waste water in life, waste gas and obtained good effect.
CNT has unique structure, and mechanical strength is high, and good electric conductivity and heat endurance can improve conductor photocatalysis activity aspect environmental treatment.On the other hand, magnetic material, as ferriferrous oxide nano-particle loads on CNT, has been introduced in to clean environment field.Because tri-iron tetroxide has magnetic, the magnetic composite photocatalyst of preparation can simply carry out separation by external magnetic field, and reuses.The more important thing is that the introducing of tri-iron tetroxide and CNT can effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide, the photocatalytic degradation ability of Promotion system.
Summary of the invention
It is preparation means that Hydrothermal Synthesis and sol-gel are take in the present invention, prepares a kind of magnetic TiO based on carbonaceous material
2/ Fe
3o
4/@MWCNTs composite photo-catalyst.Its advantage is to build a cyclic process in system, realizes effectively separated right with hole of light induced electron; Can effectively utilize light source to reach the object of mercaptan waste water in effective degraded environment.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
(1) Fe
3o
4the preparation of/MWCNTs: the red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) that is 1:3 by the effective volume ratio of multi-wall carbon nano-tube and concentrated sulfuric acid mixed solution stir 6 h at 60 ℃, washing 50 ~ 70 ℃ of one nights of vacuum drying, so acidification obtains the MWCNTs of activation; The ethylene glycol of the MWCNTs of activation and certain volume is added to ultrasonic 20 min in reactor, wherein nine water ferric nitrates and MWCNTs mass ratio are 40:1 to add nine water ferric nitrate ultrasonic dissolution 20 min(again), finally add sodium acetate (wherein sodium acetate and nine water ferric nitrate mass ratioes are 6:5), ultrasonic 20 min of a certain amount of polyethylene glycol (1500) and polyvinylpyrrolidone.200 ℃ of Hydrothermal Synthesis 12 h, respectively water and ethanol washing, at 50 ~ 70 ℃ of one nights of vacuum drying, obtains Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs.
(2) TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4the preparation of/MWCNTs composite photo-catalyst: by absolute ethyl alcohol and tetra-n-butyl titanate by volume 18:5 join in there-necked flask, 15 min are stirred in 40 ℃ of sealings; The mixed solution of the ethanol that is 180:15:1 by volume ratio, distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid, dropwise joins in above-mentioned solution, and the volume ratio of mixed solution and above-mentioned tetra-n-butyl titanate is 196:5, continues sealing and stirs 10 min; Non-tight is stirred to colloidal sol shape, by a certain amount of Fe making in above-mentioned steps (1)
3o
4/ MWCNTs immerses above-mentioned TiO
2in colloidal sol, Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs and TiO
2colloidal sol mass ratio is about 1:70, is at the uniform velocity stirred to gel, at room temperature ageing 2
~4 h; In nitrogen atmosphere, 500 ℃ of calcining xerogel 4 h, naturally cool to room temperature, obtain TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs composite photo-catalyst.
Wherein in step (1), the MWCNTs of activation is with ethylene glycol than being 30:25 mg/mL, and the mass ratio of polyethylene glycol (1500) and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 40:1.
The present invention adopts Hydrothermal Synthesis technology to prepare Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs, carries out finishing with sol-gel technique to it and prepares the magnetic TiO with higher catalytic activity
2/ Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs composite photo-catalyst.
Photocatalytic activity is evaluated: in GHX-2 type photochemical reaction instrument (purchased from Educational Instrument Factory of Yangzhou University), carry out, ultraviolet lamp irradiates, 50 mL 2-sulfydryl-1-methylimidazole simulated wastewaters are added in reactor and measure its initial value, then add composite photo-catalyst, magnetic agitation is also opened aerator and is passed into air and make catalyst in suspending or afloat, in During Illumination, interval 10 min sample analysis, get liquid at ultraviolet specrophotometer λ after magnetic separation
max=251 nm places measure absorbance, and pass through formula: Dr=[(C
0-C
i)/C
0] * 100% calculates degradation rate, wherein C
0the initial concentration of 2-sulfydryl-1-methylimidazole solution during for beginning light degradation, C
ithe concentration of 2-sulfydryl-1-methylimidazole solution of measuring for timing sampling.
Technological merit of the present invention: the process capable of circulation of photochemical catalyst system can effectively improve the right separative efficiency of light induced electron and hole; Magnetic photocatalyst contributes to improve the rate of recovery of catalyst; Disposal of mercaptans class waste water preferably.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The 10 mg L of Fig. 1 0.1g photochemical catalyst ultraviolet degradation 50 mL
-12-sulfydryl-1-methylimidazole.TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs composite catalyst reaches 82.7% to the ultraviolet degradation rate of 2-sulfydryl-1-methylimidazole of 10 mg/L of 50 mL, shows that the photochemical catalyst making has good photocatalytic activity.
Fig. 2 XRD collection of illustrative plates.MWCNTs, Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs and TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4the X-ray diffractogram of/MWCNTs composite photo-catalyst.As can be seen from the figure TiO in composite photo-catalyst
2diffractive features peak be Detitanium-ore-type.
Fig. 3 SEM and EDS:(a) purifying MWCNTs (b) TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs.
TEM:(a) purifying MWCNTs (b) TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs.
The MWCNTs of purifying and TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4the SEM of/MWCNTs composite catalyst, EDS and TEM figure, as can be seen from the figure MWCNTs surface changes.
Fig. 4 UV-vis DRS spectrogram.TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4the UV-vis DRS figure of/MWCNTs composite catalyst.As can be seen from the figure, composite photo-catalyst has very high absorption intensity in UV, visible light region.
Fig. 5 FT-IR spectrum.Original MWCNTs and TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4the FT – IR spectrogram of/MWCNTs.The modification that explanation has had composite photo-catalyst.
Fig. 6 magnetization curve.TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4the hysteresis curve figure of/MWCNTs composite catalyst.Show that sample has ferromagnetism.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment: (1) stirs 6 h by the effective 15 mL red fuming nitric acid (RFNA)s of 0.5g multi-wall carbon nano-tube and the 45 mL concentrated sulfuric acids (volume ratio is 1:3) at 60 ℃, washing is to neutral and 50 ℃ of one nights of vacuum drying, and so acidification obtains the MWCNTs of activation; MWCNTs and the 25 mL ethylene glycol of 30 mg of activation are added to ultrasonic 20 min in reactor, add again ultrasonic 20 min of 1.239 g nine water ferric nitrates (wherein nine water ferric nitrates and MWCNTs mass ratio are 40:1), finally add 1.5 g sodium acetates (wherein sodium acetate and nine water ferric nitrate mass ratioes are 6:5), 0.4 g polyethylene glycol (1500) and ultrasonic 20 min of 10 mg polyvinylpyrrolidones.200 ℃ of Hydrothermal Synthesis 12 h, respectively water and ethanol washing several times, at 50 ℃ of one nights of vacuum drying, obtain Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs.
(2) TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4the preparation of/MWCNTs composite photo-catalyst: 36 mL absolute ethyl alcohols and 10 mL tetra-n-butyl titanates (volume ratio 18:5) are joined in there-necked flask, and 15 min are stirred in 40 ℃ of sealings; 36 mL ethanol, 3 mL distilled water and 0.2 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid mixed solution (volume ratio of mixed solution and above-mentioned tetra-n-butyl titanate is 196:5) are dropwise joined in above-mentioned solution, continue sealing and stir 10 min; Open wide and be stirred to colloidal sol shape again, by the 1.0 g Fe that make in above-mentioned steps (1)
3o
4/ MWCNTs immerses above-mentioned TiO
2colloidal sol (Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs and TiO
2colloidal sol mass ratio is about 1:70) in, be at the uniform velocity stirred to gel, at room temperature ageing 2 h; In nitrogen atmosphere, 500 ℃ of calcining xerogel 4 h, naturally cool to room temperature, obtain TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs composite photo-catalyst.
(3) get 0.1g(2) in sample in ultraviolet light photochemical reaction instrument, carry out photocatalytic degradation test, record this photochemical catalyst the degradation rate of 2-sulfydryl-1-methylimidazole reached to 82.7%(as Fig. 1 in 1 h), this composite photo-catalyst has stronger photocatalytic activity.
(4) as Fig. 2, from MWCNTs, Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs and TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4in the X-ray diffractogram of/MWCNTs composite photo-catalyst, can find out TiO in composite photo-catalyst
2diffractive features peak be Detitanium-ore-type, this and standard Detitanium-ore-type TiO
2characteristic diffraction peak 2 θ=25.3 ° of crystal, 38 °, 48.1 °, 55.2 ° and 75.1 ° corresponding, this makes TiO in catalyst sample
2keep higher photocatalytic activity; 30.2 °, 35.4 °, 43.1 °, 57.2 ° and 62.8 ° is Fe
3o
4characteristic diffraction peak; 2 θ=25.3 ° are MWCNTs diffraction maximum.
(5) as Fig. 3, from MWCNTs and the TiO of purifying
2/ Fe
3o
4the SEM of/MWCNTs composite catalyst, the main component that can find out catalyst sample base material in EDS and TEM figure is Ti, O, Fe and C. MWCNT diameter are about 50nm, top layer load Fe
3o
4, that then cover is TiO
2.
(6) as Fig. 4, from TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4in the UV-vis DRS figure of/MWCNTs composite catalyst, can find out, composite photo-catalyst has very high absorption intensity in UV, visible light region, shows that it has good Uv and visible light absorbability.
(7) as Fig. 5, original MWCNTs and TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4in the FT – IR spectrogram of/MWCNTs, 3400 – 3500 cm
1shu Yu – OH, 1750 cm
1illustrated that – C=O group forms, 582 cm
1belong to Fe – O, other difference of two figure has benefited from the modification that Ti – O. explanation has had composite photo-catalyst.
(8) as Fig. 6, TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4the hysteresis curve figure of/MWCNTs composite catalyst, saturation magnetization is that 7.25 emu/g. coercivitys and remanent magnetism are respectively 207.68 Oe and 1.59 emu/g, shows that sample has ferromagnetism.By TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs is scattered in water, the external magnet of beaker, and after a few minutes, solution becomes clarification, also shows that sample has magnetic.
Claims (3)
1. a preparation method for the magnetic composite photocatalyst based on carbonaceous material, carries out according to following step:
(1) Fe
3o
4the preparation of/MWCNTs: the red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) that is 1:3 by the effective volume ratio of multi-wall carbon nano-tube and concentrated sulfuric acid mixed solution stir 6 h at 60 ℃, washing 50-70 ℃ of one night of vacuum drying, so acidification obtains the MWCNTs of activation; The ethylene glycol of the MWCNTs of activation and certain volume is added to ultrasonic 20 min in reactor, add again nine water ferric nitrate ultrasonic dissolution 20 min, finally add sodium acetate, ultrasonic 20 min of a certain amount of polyethylene glycol (1500) and polyvinylpyrrolidone, 200 ℃ of Hydrothermal Synthesis 12 h, respectively water and ethanol washing, at 50-70 ℃ of one night of vacuum drying, obtains Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs;
(2) TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4the preparation of/MWCNTs composite photo-catalyst: by absolute ethyl alcohol and tetra-n-butyl titanate by volume 18:5 join in there-necked flask, 15 min are stirred in 40 ℃ of sealings; The mixed solution of the ethanol that is 180:15:1 by volume ratio, distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid, dropwise joins in above-mentioned solution, and the volume ratio of mixed solution and above-mentioned tetra-n-butyl titanate is 196:5, continues sealing and stirs 10 min; Non-tight is stirred to colloidal sol shape, by a certain amount of Fe making in above-mentioned steps (1)
3o
4/ MWCNTs immerses above-mentioned TiO
2in colloidal sol, Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs and TiO
2colloidal sol mass ratio is about 1:70, is at the uniform velocity stirred to gel, at room temperature ageing 2-4 h; In nitrogen atmosphere, 500 ℃ of calcining xerogel 4 h, naturally cool to room temperature, obtain TiO
2/ Fe
3o
4/ MWCNTs composite photo-catalyst.
2. according to the preparation method of the magnetic composite photocatalyst described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the amount of the nine water ferric nitrates that add described in step (1) is: nine water ferric nitrates and MWCNTs mass ratio are 40:1; The amount of the sodium acetate adding is: sodium acetate and nine water ferric nitrate mass ratioes are 6:5.
3. according to the preparation method of the magnetic composite photocatalyst described in claim 1, the MWCNTs that it is characterized in that the activation described in step (1) is 30:25 mg/mL with ethylene glycol ratio, and the mass ratio of polyethylene glycol (1500) and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 40:1.
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| CN104888706A (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-09-09 | 河海大学 | Magnetically separable compound adsorbent as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN105688818A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-06-22 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Preparation and application of polyethylene glycol functionalized magnetic carbon nano tube |
| CN106045185A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-10-26 | 博天环境工程（北京）有限公司 | Wastewater treatment method |
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