CN103548545A - 一种降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法 - Google Patents

一种降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法 Download PDF

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CN103548545A
CN103548545A CN201310564094.0A CN201310564094A CN103548545A CN 103548545 A CN103548545 A CN 103548545A CN 201310564094 A CN201310564094 A CN 201310564094A CN 103548545 A CN103548545 A CN 103548545A
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CN103548545B (zh
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赖荣泉
尤民生
姜林灿
朱朝枝
赖碧添
王刚
陈顺辉
曾文龙
顾钢
林中麟
杨广
钟秀金
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Ten Fang Jianhua Family Farm In Wuping County
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法,通过在K326品种烟田间作具有抗烟草花叶病的闽烟38品种,能显著降低烟草花叶病的发病率及危害程度,增加了烟田系统的多样性,使生态系统更加稳定,抗逆性更强,特别是为烟草花叶病的传播设置了传播屏障,从而降低花叶病的传播、危害,进而提高烟叶的经济效益。

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一种降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法
技术领域
本发明属于植物保护技术领域,具体涉及一种降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法。
背景技术
烟草花叶病是我国烟草,甚至世界烟草病害中发生最为重要、最为普遍的种类之一,对烟叶生产的危害极为严重。虽然,很多报道从农药防治、生物防治等角度对烟草花叶病进行了研究,但防治效果并不理想,且3R问题影响突出。而利用生物多样性对病虫害的调控已在多种作物上得到应用,并取得了明显的效果。本发明提供一种烟草间隔种植的方法,利用具有抗烟草花叶病基因的烟草品种对烟草花叶病的调控作用,预防无抗烟草花叶病基因的烟草品种中烟草花叶病,降低烟草花叶病带来的烟叶损失和化学农药造成的3R问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法,通过在K326品种烟田间作具有抗烟草花叶病的闽烟38品种,显著降低烟草花叶病的发病率及危害程度,从而降低烟田中烟草花叶病的传播、危害,进而提高烟叶的经济效益。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法,其特征在于:在无抗烟草花叶病的烟田间作具有抗烟草花叶病的烟草品种。
每隔1~4畦无抗烟草花叶病的烟草品种种植1~2畦具有抗烟草花叶病的烟草品种,烟草间作的株行距为0.5m×1.2m。
所述无抗烟草花叶病的烟田包括K326、云烟87、云烟85、翠碧1号、闽烟35品种烟田。
所述具有抗烟草花叶病的烟草品种包括闽烟38、兰烟1号、柯克176品种。
本发明的显著优点在于:本发明通过在K326品种烟田间作具有抗烟草花叶病的闽烟38品种,表明间作能显著降低烟草花叶病的发病率及危害程度,增加了烟田系统的多样性,使生态系统更加稳定,抗逆性更强,特别是为烟草花叶病的传播设置了屏障,从而降低了花叶病的传播、危害,进而提高了烟叶的经济效益。
附图说明
图1为不同处理烟株的排列方式。
图2 为不同处理对烟草花叶病的影响。
具体实施方式
材料与方法
1.1试验地点
龙岩市武平县城厢乡东岗村(农户李某某)。
试验材料
烤烟品种--闽烟38、K326,均由福建省烟草农业科学研究所龙岩分所提供。
试验设计
处理(T):单畦间作,中间种植闽烟38烟株,相邻二边种植K326烟株,共3畦;
对照(K):单作K326,共3畦;
对照(M):单作闽烟38,共3畦。
该试验共3个处理约2.9亩,每个处理重复4次即12小区。每个小区3畦(每畦50株),共36畦。株行距0.5m×1.2m,完全随机排列,如图1。试验地块要求:地势平坦,肥力均匀,茬口一致,其余栽培管理措施相同(常规用药,但不使用烟草花叶病药剂),均按当地优质烟叶生产技术措施进行。
调查项目及方法
烟苗移栽后7d至烟叶采收结束为止,对每一品种,每隔15d调查一次,调查每畦烟株中烟草花叶病的发病情况,记载和计算每畦烟株的发病率和病情指数。并于烟叶采收时,定株挂牌,对各畦进行采摘、烘烤,测定各畦各等级烟叶重量、上中等烟比例、亩产量、亩产值、均价等,进行经济效益测定。
结果与分析
根据间作的效应影响,把烟草品种的3种处理分为4种情况来分析。TK表示T处理中K326烟株,TM表示T处理中闽烟38烟株,K与M和处理中的相同。使用SPSS 21.0对文中数据进行单因素方差分析ANOVA(LSD法,α=0.05),并用Excel 2003作图。
不同处理对烟草花叶病的影响
不同处理对烟草花叶病的影响,如图2。
方差分析表明,各处理烟草花叶病的发病率(F 3,356=137.061,P<0.001)或病情指数(F 3,356=108.518,P<0.001)间有显著的差异,特别是间作中K326烟株发病率与单作K326烟株发病率(P<0.01)间或病情指数(P<0.01)间有显著性差异。
由图2可知,单作K326烟株的发病率较高(27.86%),闽烟38与K326间作中K326烟株的发病率较低(16.31%);且单作K326烟株的病情指数较高(0.111),闽烟38与K326间作中K326烟株的较低(0.059)。
不同处理对烟叶经济效益的影响
不同处理对烟叶经济效益的影响,如表1。
Figure 346386DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
方差分析结果表明,闽烟38与K326间作各品种烟叶的均价(F 3,32=7.620,P=0.001)、产量(F 3,32=8.275,P<0.001)、产值(F 3,32=9.583,P<0.001)和低次等烟比例(F 3,32=4.411,P=0,010)间均达显著性差异,但上中等烟比例(F 3,32=0.699,P=0.560)间无差异;间作中K326烟叶的均价、产量、产值和上中等烟比例均比单作K326的高;间作中K326烟叶的低次等烟比例也比单作K326的低;而且,间作中闽烟38烟叶的产量、产值比单作闽烟38烟叶的好。
间作的综合经济效益如表2。
经方差分析,闽烟38与K326间作处理的总体烟叶的均价(F 2,9=4.661,P=0.041)、产量(F 2,9=4.712,P=0.040)和低次等烟比例(F 2,9=10.003,P=0.005)间均有显著性差异,但产值(F 2,9=3.977,P=0.058)和上中等烟比例(F 2,9=0.212,P=0.813)间无差异。从表2可知,闽烟38与K326间作处理的总体烟叶的均价、产量、产值和上中等烟比例均也比单作K326烟叶的高,且闽烟38与K326间作处理的总体烟叶的低次等烟比例明显比单作K326烟叶的低(P=0.010)。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法,其特征在于:在无抗烟草花叶病的烟田间作具有抗烟草花叶病的烟草品种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法,其特征在于:每隔1~4畦无抗烟草花叶病的烟草品种种植1~2畦具有抗烟草花叶病的烟草品种,烟草间作的株行距为0.5m×1.2m。
3.根据权利要求1所述的降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法,其特征在于:所述无抗烟草花叶病的烟田包括K326、云烟87、云烟85、翠碧1号、闽烟35品种烟田。
4.根据权利要求1所述的降低烟草花叶病的烟草种植方法,其特征在于:所述具有抗烟草花叶病的烟草品种包括闽烟38、兰烟1号、柯克176品种。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN109601313A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-12 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 利用香叶天竺葵与烤烟间作控制烟草花叶病的方法

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