CN103545879A - Battery management unit, battery management system and battery management method - Google Patents
Battery management unit, battery management system and battery management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103545879A CN103545879A CN201310433717.0A CN201310433717A CN103545879A CN 103545879 A CN103545879 A CN 103545879A CN 201310433717 A CN201310433717 A CN 201310433717A CN 103545879 A CN103545879 A CN 103545879A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to the electronic technology, in particular to a battery management unit comprising an upper level junction, a battery junction, time division switches and a series/parallel changeover switch. The series/parallel changeover switch is provided with at least two parallel interfaces. Each parallel interface is connected with one time division switch. The battery junction is connected with the time division switches. The time division switches are connected with a time division switch control module. The series/parallel changeover switch is connected with a series/parallel changeover switch control module. The defects such as circuit structure complexity, low control precision, large reactive loss and short battery life in the traditional mode are overcome. Through the application of the time division control, intermittent battery power supply and capacitive self-balance technology, the problem of reactive loss is solved in terms of physical layer, and battery endurance and battery life are prolonged.
Description
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to electronic technology.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of lithium battery Managed Solution is provided, gets completely for joining resistance problem in lithium battery use procedure.Thereby extend battery life and battery life.
The technical scheme that the present invention solve the technical problem employing is that battery management unit, is characterized in that, comprises higher level's tie point, battery tie point, time-division switching and series/parallel diverter switch; Series/parallel diverter switch has at least two parallel interfaces, and each parallel interface is connected with time-division switching, and battery tie point is connected with time-division switching; Time-division switching is connected with time-division switching control module, and series/parallel diverter switch is connected with series/parallel diverter switch control module.
Further, also have a battery tie point to be connected to higher level's tie point by time-division switching.Described higher level's tie point is connected with electrical storage device.
The present invention also provides the battery management system with aforementioned battery management unit, and described battery management unit is connected with external circuit connecting points by tree-like syndeton; Described tree-like syndeton comprises at least one submodule, and described submodule comprises and is connected with being connected a little of at least two combination time-division switchings; Each combines time-division switching and is connected with time-division switching control module.
Described tree-like syndeton has at least two-layer, being connected of lower floor's submodule is a little connected to the combination time-division switching of upper strata submodule, the combination time-division switching of bottom submodule connects higher level's tie point of battery management unit, being connected a little for connecting external circuit of top layer submodule.
Being connected of top layer is a little also connected with electrical storage device.Or each is connected and is a little connected with electrical storage device.
The present invention also provides a kind of battery management method, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Charging stage: each battery is placed in state in parallel, then each battery is carried out the charging of time division way;
Discharge regime: each battery is placed in series-parallel connection state, then carries out time division way to external discharge;
In the charge or discharge stage, each battery is realized balance by the electrical storage device of common connection.
Described time division way is: the mode of dividing with time domain is controlled different battery pack, concerning single battery group, realizes step charging and discharging; Concerning whole battery pack, realize continuous discharge.
Described electrical storage device is electric capacity.The present invention adopts capacitance self-balance, in conjunction with electric capacity stored charge with discharge principle and the node current principle of electric charge, the terminal using electric capacity as electric charge, pour into and carry electric charge in terminal number realize self-balancing.
The present invention has reformed traditional " joining resistance " mode battery management scheme completely, has solved the shortcomings such as the circuit structure under traditional mode is complicated, control accuracy is not high, reactive loss is serious, battery life is short.The present invention adopts the technology of time-division control, battery intermittent power supply, capacitance self-balance, from physical layer, has solved reactive loss, has extended battery life and battery life.
Background technology
In energy-conserving and environment-protective, be under the prerequisite of the current effort target in the world and technological development direction.The communication technology, electronic traffic, the developing rapidly of electronic and electrical equipment, Portable movable intelligent terminal is more and more intelligent, miniaturization, function hommization.Traditional portable power source can not meet these complicated system long-plays.So solve portable power source powerup issue, becoming a technical emphasis, is also a difficult point.
Portable power source is through the development of decades, and people have finally used " lithium battery " power supply to solve this technical barrier.Review the development of portable power source and roughly experienced three revolutions.Be the lead acid accumulator portable power source that the fifties rises first period.Refer to that the sixties succeed in developing cadmium-nickel alkaline storage battery period in second period, this series battery, due to high power, high life and good cryogenic property, is widely used in navigation, communication, electric power, railway, communication, electric tool, does the many departments such as work automation.The 3rd fingering in period enters the nineties so far, the nineties initial stage, China has had the primary product of development lithium battery, be mainly used for the manganese dioxide button cell on electronic calculator, and the lithium of a small amount of lithium, iodine and edge curling seal, sulfur dioxide battery, develop again subsequently lithium, the sulfurous chlorine battery of small-sized carbon packet mode.
Due to the characteristic of lithium ion battery, when voltage surpasses or all can cause during lower than allowed band damage or the inefficacy of battery unit and whole battery pack.So when use lithium ion battery group is used as energy source, the voltage detecting of each battery unit is most important.Even if the voltage of each battery unit can both Measurement accuracy, but due to the parameter of the every batteries unit nuance when dispatching from the factory, and different internal resistance in use procedure, different ambient temperatures etc., all may cause the difference of battery unit charge and discharge speed.When they are cascaded while forming battery pack, just likely when charging, have part battery to be full of in advance electricity, and the situation that part battery is discharged in advance during electric discharge occur.If do not carry out equilibrium, just make the actual capacity of battery and marked capacity have difference, accumulate over a long period, may lower significantly the performance of whole battery pack.Meanwhile, harsh due to environment for use, and the natural aging of lithium ion battery, also can cause battery unit capacity to change, and after the use through after a while, the available capacity that has sub-fraction battery unit, close to zero, caused losing efficacy.Therefore,, in order to improve the life-span of whole battery pack, how balanced these aging battery units are faster also the important topics that battery management system designer need to consider.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is the battery management unit circuit diagram of embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is the oscillogram of time division way.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of 2 frequencys multiplication.
Fig. 6 is 2 frequency multiplication oscillograms.
Fig. 7 is 2^4 frequency multiplication schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is capacitance self-balance technical schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of battery management system.
Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of embodiment 3.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: referring to Fig. 1.
Battery management unit of the present invention comprises higher level's tie point 11, battery tie point 12, time-division switching 13 and series/parallel diverter switch 14; Series/parallel diverter switch 14 has at least two parallel interfaces, and each parallel interface is connected with time-division switching 13, and battery tie point 12 is connected with time-division switching 13; Time-division switching 13 is connected with time-division switching control module, and series/parallel diverter switch is connected with series/parallel diverter switch control module.
The present embodiment can be realized battery discharged in series and charged in parallel, and is time-division working method.
Embodiment 2: referring to Fig. 2.
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the present embodiment is also connected to battery tie point by time-division switching at higher level's tie point 11.The present embodiment can be realized charged in parallel and series-parallel connection electric discharge.Physical circuit figure is shown in Fig. 3.
Connection in series-parallel diverter switch can be double-point double-throw switch, for example relay.
About time division way: from single battery unit, suppose in one-period is 1ns square wave control signal, the high level of 0.5ns is controlled battery unit A power supply, and the low level control battery unit A of 0.5ns does not power. and the electric energy that load-side receives remains one and take the square waveform that cell voltage is amplitude.If the square wave that is 1ns by this cycle oppositely removes to control battery unit B.The electric energy that load-side receives is the front 0.5ns battery A power supply of 1ns, and rear 0.5ns battery B power supply has solved AB battery unit from the time and directly in the situation of parallel connection, do not completed delivery of electrical energy.As Fig. 4.
Time-division switching is according to corresponding control signal, with time division way work.For example, in the front half period of one-period, connect, the later half cycle disconnects.
2^n frequency multiplication: a square wave control signal PWM can only manage 2 battery units, in practice, for the portable power source that obtains working long hours, conventionally by a plurality of different capabilities battery unit series-parallel connection, three batteries of take are example, as Fig. 3.The break-make frequency of time-division switching A, B is f=Fpwm if, and the frequency of time-division switching C is f=2^1Fpwm.Concept in conjunction with the time-division can be with reference to figure 5,6.Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of 2^4 frequency multiplication.
Time-division switching of the present invention is subject to the control of square wave.The duty ratio of square wave PWM is 50%, and formation high level and low level cycle are respectively half of square wave cycle.Utilize the high level of a square wave in the cycle or a break-make in low level control batteries in parallel connection, then square wave is controlled to another piece battery break-make after oppositely.As main line, the intermittent power supply of two batteries has just formed complementation, has met the demand of wanting of main line continued power.Here specify: the operating state of battery has two, is respectively charging and discharging.Can adopt PMOS compound circuit to switch this two states.
Self-balancing capacitor, with the core technology scheme of time-division switching composition this patent.Specify self-balancing concept here, so-called self-balancing is principle and the node current principle according to electric capacity stored charge and release electric charge.Terminal using electric capacity as electric charge.At a square wave in the cycle, load capacity is strong, and that electric capacity is discharged to electric charge is many, and load capacity is weak, and that electric capacity is discharged to electric charge is few.Load is carried out " neutralization " to the electric charge in electric capacity.Go round and begin again, the next square wave cycle, while arriving, continues above mode of operation.Through all after dates of n square wave, the voltage of two batteries must be stabilized to same potential point, then continues balance.Until maintaining idiostatic putting a little, stop to Cross prevention by two batteries.Charging process is identical.As Fig. 8.
Detailed process is:
(1) the 1/2 initial cycle, battery A connects, because capacitance voltage can not suddenly change.Battery A, first to capacitor charging, is charged to 3.8V only again to load discharge under perfect condition.According to node current law, obtain equation Ia=Iia+Ila.
(2) the 1/2 remaining cycle, battery B connects, and now electric capacity both end voltage is 3.8V.Electric capacity and battery B have 0.2V potential difference, and electric capacity has of short duration anti-filling (charging) process to battery B on one side, and perfect condition is stopped down to 3.6V, on one side to load discharge.According to node current law, obtain equation (Ib)=(Iia)-(Ilb).(symbol only represents the sense of current)
Be not difficult to find out, in above 2 explanation one-periods, battery A is the process of an electric discharge all the time, and battery B has the process of an of short duration charging to discharge again.Obtained in time a compensation.The process of this charging is to carry electric charge in battery A to battery B by capacitor, can be understood as battery A, and B is indirectly in parallel.N all after date, two poor O that level off to of cell potential, reach self-balancing effect.
Battery management system of the present invention adopts aforementioned time-devision system technology and capacitance self-balance technology, and principle is as Fig. 9.Battery management unit is connected with external circuit connecting points by tree-like syndeton; Described tree-like syndeton comprises at least one submodule, and described submodule comprises and is connected with being connected a little of at least two combination time-division switchings; Each combines time-division switching and is connected with time-division switching control module.
Further, described tree-like syndeton has at least two-layer, being connected of lower floor's submodule is a little connected to the combination time-division switching of upper strata submodule, the combination time-division switching of bottom submodule connects higher level's tie point of battery management unit, being connected a little for connecting external circuit of top layer submodule.As Fig. 9, the tree structure in figure is actually the cascade of submodule shown in dotted line.Being connected of top layer is a little also connected with electrical storage device.
Embodiment 3: referring to Figure 10.
The present embodiment provides concrete circuit, comprising:
1. time-division and 2^n times frequency module.By gate circuit, 74HC132 completes, and in resistance R 6 and capacitor C 6 bonding pads, NAND gate U2A forms square-wave generator, and its frequency f can be set by RC.The U2B being attached thereto, U2C oppositely obtains level square wave clearly through 2 times.U2D export one equate with U2C amplitude, the cycle equates, the square wave of single spin-echo.
2. time-division switching is respectively by two NMOS field effect transistor compound compositions.Act on charging and discharging state and switch, micro power consumption.
3. self-balancing capacitor.By C8 and C7, formed.Terminal as battery A and battery B electric charge; Allow two batteries from the time formation pattern that parallel connection is used indirectly.
The square-wave generator that NAND gate is core in 74HC132 sheet generates a square wave and from the 8th pin, is sent to V1, the grid common point of V2; This square wave in one-period, be low level time connect v1 and v2 source electrode and drain electrode, battery B electric discharge, VCC voltage is the terminal voltage of battery B.While being high level, turn-off V1, V2.Battery B stops electric discharge.But now inverter U2D is now just low level and by the 11st pin, is sent to V3, the grid common point of V4 in sheet.The same, V3, V4 conducting.Battery A electric discharge, VCC voltage is the terminal voltage of battery A, until stop electric discharge while being high level.Being extended to next cycle arrives.
And the capacitor of C8, C9 parallel connection works under the pattern of battery A and battery B intermittent power supply.As claim 6, complete the process of self-balancing in the square wave cycle, go round and begin again.In brief, different capabilities, a plurality of lithium batteries of different electric weight, according to above-mentioned mode of operation, at n all after date, voltage must be equilibrated at same current potential.Until discharge or charged simultaneously.
Claims (9)
1. battery management unit, is characterized in that, comprises higher level's tie point (11), battery tie point (12), time-division switching (13) and series/parallel diverter switch (14); Series/parallel diverter switch (14) has at least two parallel interfaces, and each parallel interface is connected with time-division switching (13), and battery tie point (12) is connected with time-division switching (13); Time-division switching (13) is connected with time-division switching control module, and series/parallel diverter switch (14) is connected with series/parallel diverter switch control module.
2. battery management unit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also has a battery tie point to be connected to higher level's tie point by time-division switching.
3. battery management unit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described higher level's tie point is connected with electrical storage device.
4. with the battery management system of the battery management unit described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described battery management unit is connected with external circuit connecting points by tree-like syndeton; Described tree-like syndeton comprises at least one submodule, and described submodule comprises the point (21) that is connected that is connected with at least two combination time-division switchings (22); Each combines time-division switching and is connected with time-division switching control module.
5. battery management system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described tree-like syndeton has at least two-layer, being connected of lower floor's submodule is a little connected to the combination time-division switching of upper strata submodule, the combination time-division switching of bottom submodule connects higher level's tie point of battery management unit, being connected a little for connecting external circuit of top layer submodule.
6. battery management system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, being connected of top layer is a little also connected with electrical storage device.
7. battery management system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, each is connected and is a little connected with electrical storage device.
8. battery management method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Charging stage: each battery is placed in state in parallel, then each battery is carried out the charging of time division way;
Discharge regime: each battery is placed in series-parallel connection state, then to externally fed;
9. battery management method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described time division way is: the mode of dividing with time domain is controlled different battery pack.
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| CN104734283A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-06-24 | 四川力垦锂动力科技有限公司 | Battery management system and battery management method |
| CN104882922A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-09-02 | 刘春元 | Quick charging device for electric automobile |
| CN113725974A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-30 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | Dynamic series-parallel connection circuit and method for batteries |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN104734283A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-06-24 | 四川力垦锂动力科技有限公司 | Battery management system and battery management method |
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Application publication date: 20140129 |