Summary of the invention
In order to study solid-fuelled combustion process better, measuring the combustion powered mathematic(al) parameter of the coke not experiencing cooling procedure exactly, the invention provides a kind of miniature double bed solid fuel decoupling combustion kinetics analyser; This miniature double bed solid fuel decoupling combustion kinetics analyser can control temperature and the atmosphere switching of pyrolysis and combustion process, direct in-situ analyzes solid fuel classification pyrolysis and combustion process, ensure that the coke physics and chemistry structure produced is not by the impact of the factors such as temperature, ensure the in-situ test condition in coke combustion, thus obtain the kinetic parameter of original position Jiao.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of miniature double bed solid fuel decoupling combustion kinetics analyser, comprises fuel thermal decomposition reaction generating means, residual burnt combustion reaction generating means, the coupling device of double bed high temperature, gas path device and analysis test apparatus;
Described fuel thermal decomposition reaction generating means comprises miniature air flow bed, the first high temperature furnace body, the first heating element and the first thermopair; First heating element is arranged between the furnace wall of miniature air flow bed and the first high temperature furnace body, and the first thermopair inserts in miniature air flow bed;
Described residual burnt combustion reaction generating means comprises miniature fluidized bed, the second high temperature furnace body, the second heating element and the second thermopair; Second heating element is arranged between the furnace wall of miniature fluidized bed and the second high temperature furnace body, and the second thermopair inserts in miniature fluidized bed;
The coupling device of described double bed high temperature comprises cyclone separator, revolving stop valve door, three thermocouple and stops gas folder; Cyclone separator is provided with entrance, ash port and exhausr port, described entrance is connected with the outlet of miniature air flow bed, and described ash port is connected through the entrance of the first pipeline with miniature fluidized bed, and described first pipeline is provided with revolving stop valve door and three thermocouple; Described exhausr port is connected with analysis test apparatus through the second pipeline, described second pipeline is provided with only gas folder; The temperature difference of the coupling device of described double bed high temperature and miniature air flow bed is within 50 DEG C;
Gas path device comprises the first source of the gas, the second source of the gas, inertia air inlet gas circuit, micro-ram charging gas circuit and mixing air air inlet gas circuit;
Inertia air inlet gas circuit is for connecting the first source of the gas and miniature air flow bed, and described inertia air inlet gas circuit is provided with mass flowmeter and powder feeding equipment, and powder feeding equipment is connected with the entrance of miniature air flow bed;
Trace ram charging gas circuit is for connecting the first source of the gas and miniature air flow bed, and described micro-ram charging gas circuit is provided with pressure unit and solenoid valve, and described solenoid valve is connected with a process programming controller;
Mixing air air inlet gas circuit is for connecting the first source of the gas, the second source of the gas and miniature fluidized bed, described mixing air air inlet gas circuit is provided with mixed gas tank, mix and be provided with first-class gauge between gas tank and the first source of the gas, mix and be provided with second gauge between gas tank and the second source of the gas;
Analysis test apparatus comprises fast gas detector, the first filtrator, the second filtrator, three-way pipe and kapillary, the entrance of the first filtrator is connected with the outlet of miniature fluidized bed, the entrance of the second filtrator is connected with the second pipeline of the coupling device of double bed high temperature, the outlet of the first filtrator, the outlet of the second filtrator are all connected with the first end of three-way pipe, second end of three-way pipe connects the first end of kapillary, and the 3rd end is communicated with air; Second end of described kapillary is connected with fast gas detector.
Further, the junction of described kapillary and three-way pipe and fast gas detector all adopts and is with being threaded of graphite pressure ring.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention can simulate the burning condition in actual boiler better, and realizes pyrolysis and the coke combustion of decoupling zero coal simultaneously, namely realizes the reactive object of in site measurement.
2, the present invention can realize solid fuel fractional combustion, realizes the in-situ test of char combustion process, ensures that the physics and chemistry structure of coke is not by the impact of temperature well.Solid fuel first pyrolysis under inert atmosphere in miniature air flow bed, then residual Jiao enters combustion testing under miniature air flow bed air atmosphere, measure the generation sequence of gas composition in fuel thermal decomposition and coke combustion by fast gas detector and generation characteristic infers reaction mechanism, and then solve reactive kinetics parameters.
3, sample heating rate about 10 in miniature air flow bed and miniature fluidized bed in the present invention
3-10
5dEG C/sec, solid fuel pyrolysis and coke combustion rate are very fast, to simulate in Actual combustion process solid-fuelled conflagration process in high-temperature burner hearth well.In addition the temperature of miniature air flow bed and miniature fluidized bed and atmosphere different, the maximum temperature of miniature air flow bed is than the miniature fluidisation height of bed 600 DEG C.
4, all disposable Pulsed Sampling can be realized at pyrolysis section and burning zone in the present invention, required sample size is little, sufficient reacting, sample introduction is quick, and by process programming controller and pressure unit accurate gating pulse time and pulse respectively, ensure that each pulse tolerance is consistent, experimental repeatability is good.
5, adopt miniature fluidized bed isothermal method to ask the process of calculation reactive kinetics parameters simple in the present invention, effectively can isolate mechanism function, direct solution dynamics key parameter energy of activation.By with the coupling of fast gas detector, test response frequency is fast, can research and analyse the complex reaction fast such as solid fuel pyrolysis, burning, and has the advantages that diffusion suppresses low.
6, in the present invention, the coupling device of double bed high temperature comprises cyclone separator and revolving stop valve door, by the method for cyclone separator and stopcock shutoff valve conbined usage, realize the object of gas solid separation and atmosphere switching, in solid fuel pyrolysis process, pyrolysis gas is measured by fast gas detector, residual Jiao of solid then rests on revolving stop valve door place, thus realizes the process of decoupling zero fuel thermal decomposition and residual Jiao's burning.
7, the present invention can expand and be applicable to the reaction of all two benches, can realize atmosphere and the independent switching fast of temperature.
8, in the present invention the temperature of the coupling device of double bed high temperature and the temperature difference of miniature air flow bed within 50 DEG C, thus ensure that residual Jiao of pyrolysis do not experience cooling after heating process, the reactivity producing coke can not be changed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.It should be noted that at this, the explanation for these embodiments understands the present invention for helping, but does not form limitation of the invention.In addition, if below in described each embodiment of the present invention involved technical characteristic do not form conflict each other and just can mutually combine.
As shown in Figure 1, miniature double bed solid fuel decoupling combustion kinetics analyser of the present invention comprises fuel thermal decomposition reaction generating means, residual burnt combustion reaction generating means, the coupling device of double bed high temperature, gas path device and analysis test apparatus.
Fuel thermal decomposition reaction generating means comprises miniature air flow bed 10, first high temperature furnace body 15, first heating element 17 and the first thermopair 21; First heating element 17 is arranged vertically between miniature air flow bed 10 and the furnace wall of the first high temperature furnace body 15, and the first thermopair 21 inserts the middle part of miniature air flow bed 10.Wherein, described miniature air flow bed 10 is the air flow bed of diameter 10-20mm, height 300-500mm.
Described residual burnt combustion reaction generating means comprises miniature fluidized bed 14, second high temperature furnace body 16, second heating element 18 and the second thermopair 22; Second heating element 18 is arranged vertically between miniature fluidized bed 14 and the furnace wall of the second high temperature furnace body 16, and the second thermopair 22 inserts the middle part of miniature fluidized bed 14 bed.Wherein, miniature fluidized bed 14 is the fluidized bed of diameter 10-20mm.
First high temperature furnace body 15 and the second high temperature furnace body 16 are one-piece constructions, first high temperature furnace body 15 and the second high temperature furnace body 16 are two, left and right burner hearth, first heating element 17 and the second heating element 18 heat separately the first high temperature furnace body 15 and the second high temperature furnace body 16 respectively, and temperature is independent of each other.
Temperature and the atmosphere of miniature air flow bed 10 and miniature fluidized bed 14 are different, the operating temperature 900-1300 DEG C of miniature air flow bed 10, the operating temperature 400-900 DEG C of miniature fluidized bed 14.Miniature air flow bed 10 and miniature fluidized bed 14 are quartz or alloy material makes.
First heating element 17 and the second heating element 18 all adopt four Elemas, and its maximum heating temperature can reach 1300 DEG C.
By there is the reaction of solid-fuelled high-temperature quick solution in miniature air flow bed 10 in the present invention, the miniature fluidized bed 14 on the right is blown into rapidly after residual burnt pyrolysis completes, in miniature fluidized bed 14, residual Jiao of solid fuel carries out conflagration reaction under different isothermy, thus records the combustion powered mathematic(al) parameter of fuel.
The coupling device of double bed high temperature comprises cyclone separator 7, revolving stop valve door 19, three thermocouple 20 and stops gas folder 25.Cyclone separator 7 is provided with entrance, ash port and exhausr port, described entrance is connected with the outlet of miniature air flow bed 10, described ash port is connected through the entrance of the first pipeline 27 with miniature fluidized bed 14, and described first pipeline 27 is provided with revolving stop valve door 19 and three thermocouple 20; Described exhausr port is connected with analysis test apparatus through the second pipeline 28, described second pipeline 28 is provided with only gas folder 25.
Three thermocouple 20, for detecting the temperature of the coupling device inside of double bed high temperature, ensures that the temperature gap of the coupling device of double bed high temperature and miniature air flow bed 10 is within 50 DEG C, thus ensures that residual Jiao of pyrolysis does not experience the process of the rear heating of cooling.
During experiment, pyrolysis gas and residual burnt particle enter cyclone separator 7 from left side under the carrying of inert gas, air-flow is downward twist along the cylindrical shell of cyclone separator 7 inside, the solid particle that density is large is thrown toward barrel wall under centrifugal action, and under gravity, fall to revolving stop valve door 19 place along barrel wall; The air-flow simultaneously rotated shrinks to center flow in cylindrical shell, upwards forms secondary vortex flow and flows out from the exhausr port of cyclone separator 7.
The only gas folder 25 be now positioned on the second pipeline 28 is in opening state, online analysis can be carried out to pyrolysis gas by analysis test apparatus to detect, so just achieve the gas solid separation of pyrolysis gas and residual burnt particle, simultaneously because revolving stop valve door 19 starts to be closure state, both the pyrolysis residence time of residual Jiao can have been adjusted arbitrarily, guarantee solid fuel pyrolysis is complete, can also ensure that the air in the miniature fluidized bed 14 in right side can not enter into coupling device.
After pyrolysis completes, close apolipsis gas folder 25, open revolving stop valve door 19, under the carrying of one air pulse, coke is sent into miniature fluidized bed 14 fast and is carried out combustion testing.
Gas path device, for regulating atmosphere in miniature air flow bed 10 and miniature fluidized bed 14 and flow, comprises the first source of the gas 1, second source of the gas 2, inertia air inlet gas circuit, micro-ram charging gas circuit and mixing air air inlet gas circuit.
Inertia air inlet gas circuit is mainly used in connection first source of the gas 1 and miniature air flow bed 10, provides the inert atmosphere in miniature air flow bed 10 needed for solid fuel pyrolysis (argon gas or nitrogen).Inertia air inlet gas circuit is provided with mass flowmeter 4 and powder feeding equipment 9, powder feeding equipment 9 is connected with the entrance of miniature air flow bed 10, and the inert gas in the first source of the gas 1 is after mass flowmeter 4, and the solid fuel particle carried in powder feeding equipment 9 enters high-temperature entrained flow 10.
Trace ram charging gas circuit is for connecting the first source of the gas 1 and miniature air flow bed 10, after the burnt particle pyrolysis at revolving stop valve door 19 place completes, there is provided the pulse inert gas of trace, the miniature fluidized bed 14 residual Jiao of it front on the left of revolving stop valve door 19 being blown into rapidly right side carries out combustion testing.Trace ram charging gas circuit is provided with pressure unit 3 and solenoid valve 5, and described solenoid valve 5 is connected with a process programming controller 6, and described solenoid valve 5 is a DC electromagnetic valve.
The effect of pressure unit 3 ensures that each admission pressure is the same, process programming controller 6 is for the switching-on and switching-off state of Controlling solenoid valve 5, and the speed switched is in millisecond rank, during beginning, solenoid valve 5 is in closure state, when needing to pass into air pulse, the power supply 5 milliseconds of solenoid valve 5 is opened by process programming controller control 6, then solenoid valve 5 power supply is disconnected rapidly with shut electromagnetic valve 5, thus ensure micro-air inlet and inlet period, do not destroy the fluidisation state in miniature fluidized bed 14, and by gating pulse admission pressure and inlet period, ensure that each ram charging amount is consistent, be conducive to the repeatability improving experiment.
Mixing air air inlet gas circuit, for connecting the first source of the gas 1, second source of the gas 2 and miniature fluidized bed 14, provides the air atmosphere needed for residual Jiao's burning in miniature fluidized bed 14; Mixing air air inlet gas circuit is provided with mixed gas tank 8, mixes and be provided with first-class gauge 29 between gas tank 8 and the first source of the gas 1, mix and be provided with second gauge 30 between gas tank 8 and the second source of the gas 2; Two-way air inlet from the first gas cylinder 1 and the second gas cylinder 2 carries out burden control by two flowmeters by AIR Proportional respectively, and via mixed gas tank 8 mix laggard enter miniature fluidized bed 14.
Analysis test apparatus for measuring sequence and the content of release and generation gas in solid fuel pyrolysis and residual burnt combustion process, thus infers reaction mechanism and kinetic parameter.Analysis test apparatus comprises the on-line gas analysis instrument that fast gas detector 13(and analytical test frequency are greater than 10HZ), the first filtrator 11, second filtrator 26, three-way pipe 12 and kapillary 23, the entrance of the first filtrator 11 is connected with the outlet of miniature fluidized bed 14, the entrance of the second filtrator 26 is connected with the second pipeline of the coupling device of double bed high temperature, the outlet of the first filtrator 11, the outlet of the second filtrator 26 are all connected with the first end of three-way pipe 12, second end of three-way pipe 12 connects the first end of kapillary 23, and the 3rd end is communicated with air; Second end of described kapillary is connected with fast gas detector 13.
Fast gas detector 13, can measure any species of molecular weight in 200, measures response frequency 20Hz, measuring limit 1ppm.Exit gas purifies through the first filtrator 11 and the second filtrator 26, after removing dust in gas and moisture, enter three-way pipe 12, this three-way pipe 12 one end is connected with the kapillary 23 of internal diameter 50 μm, the other end is then communicated with air, the vacuum chamber that gas is imported gas detecting instrument 13 by kapillary 23 with can realizing trace carries out analytical test, in order to avoid destroy the vacuum tightness of gas detecting instrument 13 vacuum chamber, other unnecessary gases are then directly discharged in extraneous air by three-way pipe 12.The junction of kapillary 23 and three-way pipe 12 and fast gas detector 13 all adopts is with being threaded of graphite pressure ring 24, with in the process ensureing to import gas without gas leakage.
Miniature double bed solid fuel decoupling combustion kinetics analyser of the present invention is adopted to carry out the process of solid fuel original position burnt combustion kinetics test as follows:
The bed material taking certain mass is placed on the lower sieve plate of miniature fluidized bed 14, first high temperature furnace body 15 and the second high temperature furnace body 16 are heated to respectively the temperature set, open the first source of the gas 1, second source of the gas 2 and mass flowmeter 4 and set corresponding gas flow, in miniature air flow bed 10, pass into inert gas, in miniature fluidized bed 14, pass into air.
Then weigh 30-100 milligram solid sample, be placed in powder feeding equipment 9, now solenoid valve 5 switch is in closure state, regulates the pressure of pressure unit 3, ensures succeeding impulse admission pressure.After Job readiness is above ready, first open fast gas detector 13, Scanning Detction exit gas, the gas composition that measures to be checked and concentration stabilize, namely after in miniature air flow bed 10 and miniature fluidized bed 14, original air is thoroughly got rid of, sample is poured into miniature air flow bed 10, inert gas carries particles fall to cyclone separator 7, gas is separated with residual Jiao of solid, now only gas folder 25 is in open mode, revolving stop valve door 19 is in closed condition, gas can by stopping gas folder 25, after the second filtrator 26, enter fast gas detector 13 and carry out analysis detection.Now, residual Jiao of solid is then blocked in revolving stop valve door 19 place under the carrying of gravity, solid fuel generation pyrolytic reaction in whole process, now fast gas detector 13 detects the gaseous species and corresponding concentration that discharge in sample pyrolytic process, when can't detect new pyrolysis gas and producing, illustrate that pyrolytic process terminates.
Now close apolipsis gas folder 25, open revolving stop valve door 19, start-up course programmable controller 6 simultaneously, open 5 milliseconds, the switch of solenoid valve 5, air pulse is allowed to pass through, under the carrying of air pulse, the residual burnt particle be before blocked on the left of revolving stop valve door 19 is blown into rapidly in miniature fluidized bed 14 and burns, then continue rapidly to close revolving stop valve door 19, forbid that in miniature air flow bed 10, inert gas flows into the miniature fluidized bed 14 on the right again, now fast gas detector 13 analyzes combustion gas component and the concentration of miniature fluidized bed 14 outlet.After residual burnt combustion reaction terminates, preserve the experimental result of fast gas detector 13, close fast gas detector 13, then pass into a large amount of air from the entrance of miniature air flow bed 14, ensure in miniature air flow bed 14 without uncombusted coke.
During next group experiment, the first high temperature furnace body 15 temperature of miniature air flow bed 10 is kept to remain unchanged, reset the temperature of the second high temperature furnace body 16 of miniature fluidized bed 14, repeat above-mentioned step, measure the combustion rate of original position Jiao produced under same temperature spot under different temperature of combustion, the temperature spot that general survey 5 to 7 is different, is then solved the combustion kinetics parameter of original position Jiao, finally closes all power supplys by the isothermal differential method.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be confined to the content disclosed in this embodiment and accompanying drawing.The equivalence completed under not departing from spirit disclosed in this invention so every or amendment, all belong to the scope of protection of the invention.