CN103540928A - Manufacturing method of air pipe surface coating - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of air pipe surface coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN103540928A CN103540928A CN201310455473.6A CN201310455473A CN103540928A CN 103540928 A CN103540928 A CN 103540928A CN 201310455473 A CN201310455473 A CN 201310455473A CN 103540928 A CN103540928 A CN 103540928A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of an air pipe surface coating, which comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out oil removal and sandblasting purifying treatment on a cast heat-resistant stainless steel air pipe surface; (2) mixing 50-90 wt% of Ni-base alloy powder with the particle size of 53-150 mu m and 50-10 wt% of nickel chromium-chromium carbide powder, and putting the mixture on the air pipe surface, wherein the thickness is 1-5 mm; (3) carrying out laser cladding, wherein the power of a CO2 laser device is regulated to 3500-7000W, the laser beam width is regulated to 2-10 mm, the laser cladding velocity is regulated to 300-2000 mm/minute, and the laser overlapping ratio is regulated to 30-70%; and (4) wrapping the air pipe subjected to laser cladding with thermal insulation cotton, cooling to room temperature, and sanding and polishing to obtain the laser-cladded composite coating air pipe. The air pipe prepared by the method has the advantages of favorable high-temperature corrosion resistance, favorable chemical attack resistance and favorable abrasion resistance; the coating and the substrate form firm metallurgical bonding; and the service life of the air pipe can be prolonged by 2-4 times.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture method of airduct top coat, generally use need to be on the component of the complex working conditions such as frayed, erosion, high temperature corrosion and chemical corrosion.
Background technology
Airduct work condition environment in calcining petroleum coke, coal tar distillation, power plant's coal-powder boiler is very severe, it bears the high temperature corrosion of melting media or the chemical corrosion of flue gas on the one hand, it also will bear melting media or exhaust gas dust erosive wear on the other hand, conventionally airduct corrosion resistance nature and erosive wear resistance that the heat-resistance stainless steel adopting or built-up welding are processed are unsatisfactory, and the life-span only had about 3 months conventionally.
After adopting heat-resistance stainless steel casting airduct, generally adopt the method for laser melting coating to carry out surface treatment.The principle of laser melting coating is to add after cladding material at matrix surface, uses high energy beam laser radiation, alloy layer is melted and covering at substrate surface, forms the process with property surface.Laser melting coating has that heat affected zone is little, workpiece deformation is little, bonding force is strong, efficiency advantages of higher.By laser melting coating, can on cheap base material, form wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, heat-resisting alloying layer, both guarantee the use properties requirement of workpiece, greatly save again production cost.
But the problem of Cracking that the most thorny and the most scabrous problem existing in existing laser melting and coating technique is cladding layer.It has been generally acknowledged that, the major cause that produces cladding layer crackle is its inner larger tensile stress existing.And cladding crackle produces in process of setting, be because stress concentration surpasses due to the yield strength limit of material.This brings very large restriction to laser melting coating in industrial deeper application.Also force staff improving aspect technique and material, suppress the generation of cladding crackle simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problem existing in existing laser melting and coating technique, provide a kind of and at heat-resistance stainless steel casting airduct working-surface, prepare one deck and there is corrosion-resistant, resistance to erosion, coating that thermal shock performance is good, thereby improve the manufacture method of airduct top coat in the work-ing life of airduct.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
The manufacture method of airduct top coat of the present invention, is characterized in comprising the following steps:
(1) oil removing, sandblast purifying treatment are carried out in the heat-resistance stainless steel airduct surface of casting;
(2) according to 50 ~ 90%
:50 ~ 10% weight percent, is coated on airduct surface after the Co-based alloy powder that is 30 ~ 200 μ m mixes with nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide powder by granularity, and coating thickness is 1 ~ 5mm;
(3) adjust CO
2laser power is 3500 ~ 7000W, and laser linewidth is 2 ~ 10mm, and laser melting coating speed is 300 ~ 2000mm/min, and laser lap rate is 30 ~ 70%, to being coated with the airduct surface of mixed powder, carries out Laser Cladding Treatment;
(4) with the airduct surface after the coated laser melting coating of insulating cotton, slowly cool to room temperature, the cladding layer on sanding and polishing airduct surface, obtains laser deposited nickel-base alloy and nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide compounded coating airduct.
Wherein, in above-mentioned Ni base alloy powder, the percentage composition of each element is Cr
:15 ~ 24%, Mo:8 ~ 12%, Ta:1 ~ 3%, Nb:3 ~ 5%, Si
:0.5 ~ 1.5%, B
:0.5 ~ 0.8%, C
:0.05 ~ 0.15%, Ni is surplus.
In above-mentioned Ni base alloy powder, the optimum value of the percentage composition of each element is Cr
:20%, Mo:10%, Ta:2%, Nb:4%, Si
:1%, B
:0.6%, C
:0.1%, Ni:62.3%.
In above-mentioned Ni base alloy powder, the percentage composition of each element is Cr
:15 ~ 24%, Al:1 ~ 10%, Y:1 ~ 8%; Si
:0.5 ~ 1.5%, B
:0.5 ~ 0.8%, C
:0.05 ~ 0.15%, Ni is surplus.
In above-mentioned Ni base alloy powder, the optimum value of the percentage composition of each element is Cr
:20%, Al:6%, Y:6%; Si
:1%, B
:0.6%, C
:0.1%, Ni66.3%.
Above-mentioned nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide powder, the mass percent of nickel chromium triangle and chromium carbide is 10 ~ 25%
:75 ~ 90%.
The optimum value of the mass percent of above-mentioned nickel chromium triangle and chromium carbide is 20%:80%.
The present invention adopts laser melting coating on airduct surface, to manufacture the method for coating, wherein because laser melting coating of the present invention is selected corrosion resistant Co-based alloy powder, will select for the cladding layer capability that will reach after cladding on the one hand; Also close with body material physical property according to cladding material on the other hand, thus Cracking Failure tendency reduced.Laser melting and coating process comprises laser power, spot diameter, cladding speed, preset thickness, overlapping rate etc.The melting and coating process that research and development are applicable to certain material is the key of assurance figure layer quality.Guarantee the stability of laser facula energy distribution of laser and laser beam simultaneously.From above-mentioned three aspects:, sets about, can obtain good result of use, so the present invention is by the improvement of technique and material aspect, work out a kind of on airduct cylindrical the method for the cladding layer of cladding one deck certain material.This kind of method, mainly by reducing the mode of coating thermal stresses, structural stress and restraint stress, prevents from producing coating crack in rapid melting and solidification process, keeps coating consistence.Add the material element that can strengthen toughness and plasticity, as Ni, Cr, Mo, Y etc., will toughness and the plasticity of cladding layer be improved, both allowed a part of stress be eased and discharge, also can generate hard phase and stop stress concentration, thereby reduce the tendency of cladding layer cracking.Increase chrome carbide hard wild phase, can increase coating hardness.By controlling the proportioning of each element in laser cladding powder, not only can improve airduct surface hardness, and can improve corrosion resistant performance and the wear resisting property of airduct, can improve the thermal shock performance of airduct simultaneously, under the effect of colding and heat succeed each other, reduce tearing tendency, before improve 2-4 doubly compared with laser melting coating work-ing life.Meanwhile, between the cladding layer thickness 1-5mm of the present invention's research and development.After laser melting coating, cladding layer is fine and close evenly, and pore-free such as is mingled with at the defect.Cladding layer hardness reaches between HRC30-53.Coating and matrix are metallurgical binding, and tensile stress is greater than 200MPa.Coating toughness is good, can resist the impact of certain external force.Coating has good wear resisting property, is the more than 4 times of matrix wear resistance.Coating has the resistance to flue gas corrosion performance of 4 times of relative matrixes.So laser melting and coating process can increase the work-ing life of airduct greatly, reduce and safeguard maintenance cost, improve the performance of enterprises.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of laser melting and coating technique of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the manufacture method of airduct top coat of the present invention, comprises following concrete steps:
1 flaw detection
Select heat-resistance stainless steel casting airduct, wherein Ni content is 15-40%, and Cr content is 15-40%.For casting airduct, can leave on top layer unavoidably trachoma, pore, the defect such as loose.With Dye inspectiong, find in advance these defects.For penetrability pore, need to adopt the method for repair welding to fill and lead up.For the defect (being generally the hole that diameter is greater than 1mm) of shallow-layer comparatively large vol, need first with sander, to be ground to pore position, by the method for repair welding, fill and lead up, then polish smooth.The hole of top layer and shallow-layer can exert an influence to the coating binding force after cladding, need to first detect a flaw and repair welding processing.
2 removing surfaces
In production, transportation, storage process, workpiece surface has greasy dirt to exist unavoidably, should use acetone, tetracol phenixin etc. to remove surperficial rusty stain, dirt, greasy dirt.
3 sandings
First with iron sheet, affected non-working surface is protected, when guaranteeing sandblast, non-working surface is unaffected.Workpiece surface to needs spraying carries out sandblasting, and 24# palm fibre corundum is selected in sandblast, and blasting pressure is 0.2-0.5MPa, must make to spray all even no-reflection in position during sandblast.After sanding completes, need blow away with pressurized air sand grains and the dust of roll surface.
4 airducts hang on turntable, adjust transient equilibrium in 50 μ m.To not needing the working face of spraying, use is taped or the method for iron clad skin is protected.
5 laser cladding powders are selected
Laser melting coating can be selected the Ni base alloy powder of two schemes, is used for and nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide is used after mixing with certain proportion.
Each constituent content per-cent in the Ni base alloy powder that 5.1 the first schemes adopt is Cr
:15 ~ 24%, Mo:8 ~ 12%, Ta:1 ~ 3%, Nb:3 ~ 5%, Si
:0.5 ~ 1.5%, B
:0.5 ~ 0.8%, C
:0.05 ~ 0.15%, Ni is surplus.
This Ni base alloy powder is a kind of low-carbon nickel chrome molybdenum niobium alloy various corrosive mediums all to excellent corrosion resistance, various corrosive mediums to oxidation and reducing environment all have very outstanding resistance to corrosion, outstanding pitting corrosion and the ability of crevice corrosion, and can not produce the stress corrosion crack causing due to muriate, outstanding inorganic acid resistance corrosive power, as nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, the mixing acid of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid etc., the ability of outstanding resistance to various mineral acid mixing solutions corrosion, when temperature reaches 40 ℃, in the hydrochloric acid soln of various concentration, all can show good corrosion resisting property, good processibility and weldability, cracking sensitivity after solderless.Meanwhile, this Ni base alloy powder, as cladding layer material, can obtain the coating of corrosion resistance nature on body material, thereby improves the performance of being in charge of, and increases its work-ing life.
Each constituent content per-cent in the Ni base alloy powder that 5.2 first schemes adopt is Cr
:15 ~ 24%, Al:1 ~ 10%, Y:1 ~ 8%; Si
:0.5 ~ 1.5%, B
:0.5 ~ 0.8%, C
:0.05 ~ 0.15%, Ni is surplus.
This Ni base alloy powder has good resistance to high temperature oxidation, heat and corrosion resistant performance.By the mode of laser melting coating, the cladding of this Ni base alloy powder, on airduct surface, can be slowed down to the corrosion of workpiece surface greatly, increase the work-ing life of workpiece.
5. 3 nickel chromium triangles-chromium carbide powder
Chromium carbide powder can strengthen the hardness of cladding layer, increases the wear-resistant and corrosion resistance of cladding layer.Co-based alloy powder in above-mentioned two schemes and chromium carbide powder are with 50 ~ 90%
:50 ~ 10% weight ratio is mixed, and can obtain good tough ratio, can meet laser melting and coating process characteristic again.
6 setting laser parameters, adjust hot spot starting position.
6.1 laser powers have determined that can laser form molten bath in moment, melting powder, make it can be good with matrix combination, form metallurgical bonding layer.Laser power is too little, and cladding layer is molten not saturating, coating bottom not with generation of interfaces metallurgical binding, coating is in use easily peeled off.Laser power is too large, and cladding layer easily forms superfusion, and the heat affected zone of matrix is increased, and even produces ablation phenomen, thus damage workpiece.Only within the scope of 3500-7000, during regulating power, just can guarantee coating quality, can enhance productivity again.
6.2 laser linewidth sizes are larger on coating quality impact, and larger laser facula is conducive to enhance productivity, and less laser facula can better melt cladding coating.If facula area is excessive, will reduce the power density of laser, cause molten not saturating phenomenon, affect coating quality.If hot spot face is too little, will produce ablation phenomen, affect coating quality, reduce production efficiency.At the cladding layer of cladding 1-5mm thickness, adopt the laser linewidth of 2 ~ 10mm the most suitable.
6.3 laser melting coating speed are 300 ~ 2000mm/min.Laser lap rate is 30 ~ 70%.Laser melting coating speed must match with workpiece rotational frequency.Laser melting coating excessive velocities, overlapping rate is excessive, can not guarantee coating planarization.Laser melting coating speed and overlapping rate are all less, greatly reduce production efficiency, easily produce thermal stresses simultaneously, form stress concentration.
7 start laser melting coating, working procedure, and powder feeding, opens laser apparatus.In laser cladding process, observe once exterior appearance of cladding, if there is pit, pinching, the situation such as interrupted, stop laser apparatus, clear up, and check at once.
8 after all cladding completes, carry out visual inspection to cladding surface at periphery.If find the defects such as through-wall crack and rhegmalypt, with laser, supplement cladding, until airduct outer wall laser cladding layer zero defect at once.Then with nondestructive means, detect a flaw, if there is internal tiny crack in some region, need to carry out grinding process, then carry out remelting.If the tiny crack of interior tissue is not found in flaw detection,, with sand paper buffing work-piece outer wall gently, remove the small part impurity that in cladding process, surface layer retains.
embodiment 1
The stainless steel composition that casting airduct is used is:
Cr:24-26%, Ni:19-22%, C:0.25%, Si:1.5%, Mn:2%, P:0.04%, S:0.03%, Fe is other.
Adopt 10KW cross-flow laser, wind airduct of boiler coal-ash is carried out to laser melting coating.
Laser melting coating parameter:
Powder: the Ni base alloy powder in the first scheme and the mixed powder of nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide.Wherein 1# Co-based alloy powder accounts for 70%.Chromium carbide powder accounts for 30%.In this Co-based alloy powder, the percentage composition of each element is: Cr
:20%, Mo:9%, Ta:1.4%; Nb:3.3%, Si
:1%, B
:0.8%, C
:0.1%, Ni is surplus.In chromium carbide powder, nickel chromium triangle and chromium carbide ratio are 10%:90%
Power: 6000W
Laser melting coating speed: 1000mm/min
Overlapping rate: 60%
Laser beam: 10 * 1mm
After laser melting coating, coat-thickness is 1.5mm.Coating microhardness HRC42.Coating is fine and close, even, the defects such as flawless, pore, scaling loss.Coating work-ing life is 12 months, than front raising more than 2 times.
embodiment 2
The stainless steel composition that casting airduct is used is:
Cr:16-18%, Ni:10-14%, C:0.08%, Si:1%, Mn:2%, P:0.045%, S:0.03%, Mo:2-3%, Fe is other.
Adopt 10KW cross-flow laser, the secondary air airduct that is 300mm, long 1.2m, tube wall 20mm to diameter carries out laser melting coating.
Laser melting coating parameter:
Powder: adopt the Ni base alloy powder of the first scheme and the mixed powder of nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide.Wherein Co-based alloy powder accounts for 90%.Chromium carbide powder accounts for 10%.This Co-based alloy powder composition: Cr
:22%, Mo:10%, Ta:2%; Nb:4%, Si
:1%, B
:0.6%, C
:0.08%, Ni is surplus.In chromium carbide powder, nickel chromium triangle and chromium carbide ratio are 25%:75%
Power: 7000W
Laser melting coating speed: 800mm/min
Overlapping rate: 60%
Laser beam: 10 * 1mm
After laser melting coating, coat-thickness is 2mm.Coating microhardness HRC47.Coating is fine and close, even, the defects such as flawless, pore, scaling loss.Coating work-ing life is 15 months, than 3 times of front raisings.
embodiment 3
The stainless steel composition that casting airduct is used is:
Cr:18-21%, Ni:2-3%, C:0.17-0.26%, Si:1.8-2.7%, Mn:8.5-11%, P:0.05%, S:0.03%, Fe is other.
Adopt 6KW solid statelaser, coal tar cooling duct is carried out to laser melting coating.
Laser melting coating parameter:
Powder: the Ni base alloy powder in employing first scheme and the mixed powder of nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide.Wherein Co-based alloy powder accounts for 70%.Chromium carbide powder accounts for 30%2, and in this Co-based alloy powder, the percentage composition of each element is: Cr
:21%, Al:7%, Y:8%; Si
:0.9%, B
:0.8%, C
:0.05%, Ni is surplus.In chromium carbide powder, nickel chromium triangle and chromium carbide ratio are 20%:80%
Power: 5000W
Laser melting coating speed: 1500mm/min
Overlapping rate: 50%
Laser beam: 10 * 1mm
After laser melting coating, coat-thickness is 2.5mm.Coating microhardness HRC40.Coating is fine and close, even, the defects such as flawless, pore, scaling loss.Coating work-ing life is 12 months, than front raising more than 2 times.
embodiment 4
The stainless steel composition that casting airduct is used is:
Cr:22-24%, Ni:12-15%, C:0.2%, Si:1%, Mn:2%, P:0.04%, S:0.03%, Fe is other.
Adopt 4KW solid statelaser, the secondary air airduct that is 210mm, long 1.5m, tube wall 25mm to diameter carries out laser melting coating.
Laser melting coating parameter:
Powder: the Ni base alloy powder in employing first scheme and the mixed powder of nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide.Wherein Co-based alloy powder accounts for 50%.Chromium carbide powder accounts for 50%.In this Co-based alloy powder, the percentage composition of each element is: Cr
:21%, Al:8%, Y:1%; Si
:1%, B
:0.5%, C
:0.05%, Ni is surplus.In chromium carbide powder, nickel chromium triangle and chromium carbide ratio are 25%:75%.
Power: 3500W
Laser melting coating speed: 1500mm/min
Overlapping rate: 60%
Laser beam: 10 * 1mm
After laser melting coating, coat-thickness is 0.7mm.Coating microhardness HRC49.Coating is fine and close, even, the defects such as flawless, pore, scaling loss.Coating work-ing life is 14 months, than front raising more than 2.8 times.
Claims (7)
1. a manufacture method for airduct top coat, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) oil removing, sandblast purifying treatment are carried out in the heat-resistance stainless steel airduct surface of casting;
(2) according to 50 ~ 90%
:50 ~ 10% weight percent, is coated on airduct surface after the Co-based alloy powder that is 30 ~ 200 μ m mixes with nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide powder by granularity, and coating thickness is 1 ~ 5mm;
(3) adjust CO
2laser power is 3500 ~ 7000W, and laser linewidth is 2 ~ 10mm, and laser melting coating speed is 300 ~ 2000mm/min, and laser lap rate is 30 ~ 70%, to being coated with the airduct surface of mixed powder, carries out Laser Cladding Treatment;
(4) with the airduct surface after the coated laser melting coating of insulating cotton, slowly cool to room temperature, the cladding layer on sanding and polishing airduct surface, obtains laser deposited nickel-base alloy and nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide compounded coating airduct.
2. the manufacture method of airduct top coat according to claim 1, the percentage composition that it is characterized in that each element in above-mentioned Ni base alloy powder is Cr
:15 ~ 24%, Mo:8 ~ 12%, Ta:1 ~ 3%, Nb:3 ~ 5%, Si
:0.5 ~ 1.5%, B
:0.5 ~ 0.8%, C
:0.05 ~ 0.15%, Ni is surplus.
3. the manufacture method of airduct top coat according to claim 2, the optimum value that it is characterized in that the percentage composition of each element in above-mentioned Ni base alloy powder is Cr
:20%, Mo:10%, Ta:2%, Nb:4%, Si
:1%, B
:0.6%, C
:0.1%, Ni:62.3%.
4. the manufacture method of airduct top coat according to claim 1, the percentage composition that it is characterized in that each element in above-mentioned Ni base alloy powder is Cr
:15 ~ 24%, Al:1 ~ 10%, Y:1 ~ 8%; Si
:0.5 ~ 1.5%, B
:0.5 ~ 0.8%, C
:0.05 ~ 0.15%, Ni is surplus.
5. the manufacture method of airduct top coat according to claim 4, the optimum value that it is characterized in that the percentage composition of each element in above-mentioned Ni base alloy powder is Cr
:20%, Al:6%, Y:6%; Si
:1%, B
:0.6%, C
:0.1%, Ni66.3%.
6. the manufacture method of airduct top coat according to claim 1, is characterized in that above-mentioned nickel chromium triangle-chromium carbide powder, and the mass percent of nickel chromium triangle and chromium carbide is 10 ~ 25%
:75 ~ 90%.
7. the manufacture method of airduct top coat according to claim 6, the optimum value that it is characterized in that the mass percent of above-mentioned nickel chromium triangle and chromium carbide is 20%:80%.
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