CN103540405A - Method for preparing aromatic plant essential oil by using subcritical CO2 fluid extraction technology - Google Patents
Method for preparing aromatic plant essential oil by using subcritical CO2 fluid extraction technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic plant essential oil by using a subcritical CO2 fluid extraction technology. The method is characterized in that 0.5-5% of polar solvent is added to subcritical CO2 fluid (40 DEG C, 250 bar) so as to serve as a carrying agent, so that the formed subcritical CO2 fluid extraction technology realizes the preparation of the essential oil under the conditions of room temperature and low pressure (20-30 DEG C, 100-200 bar), the product is high in yield and has good quality, wherein the essential oil prepared by the subcritical CO2 fluid extraction technology preferably using an ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate mixed solvent as the carrying agent has the advantages that the extraction rate of SFE (Supercrtical Fluid Extraction) lavender essential oil can be increased from 2.58% to 4.33% and the extraction rate of SFE rhaponticum carthamoides essential oil can be increased from 0.15% to 0.21%. The total content of the four marking components (linalyl acetate, lavandayl acetate and lavandulol) in the Sinkiang lavender essential oil is increased and reaches above 87%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of subcritical CO that uses
2fluid extraction technology is prepared the method for essential oil from scented plants labiate lavandula angustifolia and feverfew deer grass for raw material.
Background technology
Aromatic essential oil is due to industries such as its unique aromatic odour and physiologically active are widely used in recent years medicine, smoke tea, cosmetic, washing, food.Western countries start to be devoted to the extraction of aromatic essential oil very early.To today, formed the method for many extraction essential oils.From scented plants, extract essential oil and continue to use steam distillation, milling process and organic solvent extractionprocess etc. always.Steam distillation need to, by heating raw materials, not be suitable for the extraction of unstable chemcial property component; Milling process yield is low; Organic solvent extractionprocess can cause quality product to decline or organic solvent residual when removing solvent.In recent years, supercritical extraction (SFE) is paid close attention to by people gradually as a kind of novel extraction isolation technique.This new chemical separating method, for the separation that is difficult to solve macromolecule in essential oil, high boiling point, heat-sensitive substance with general traditional separation method, more demonstrate its unique advantage, in natural phant, in extracting effective components, having broad application prospects, [Deng repaiies, pharmaceutical engineering of Chinese pharmacy and technology: press of East China University of Science, Shanghai, 2008].This can carry out the extraction of essential oil in the novel method of rising in the world in recent years under normal temperature state, and needn't use harmful solvent, and natural radioactivity that can better protecting product, is comparatively advanced " green separation technology ".The principle of supercritical fluid extraction is: the density of the carbonic acid gas under high pressure or low-temperature condition is close to liquid, and the while is retaining the properties of common gases, therefore be called " supercutical fluid ", it has very strong dissolving power.Utilize this special dissolving power having at Near The Critical Point of fluid, aromatic essential oil is dissolved among this fluid.Then by the method that reduces pressure or heat up, essential oil is finally separated, finally realized extraction, separation and the purifying of plants essential oil.The tackling key problem of supercritical liquid extraction technique during China passes through country " eight or five ", at present for suitability for industrialized production.
The advantages such as it is strong that SCF-CO 2 method extraction essential oil has extracting power, and extraction yield is high, and selectivity is strong, essential oil quality better.But, CO2 must can extract processing under the ultra-high voltage state more than 25MPa, high pressure has not only limited the amplification of equipment useful volume, and the physiologically active substance that makes high added value in aromatic essential oil receives impact because of its thermo-sensitivity, thereby restricted the industrial applications of this technology in aromatic essential oil is produced.Subcritical fluid extraction technology (SCFE) is on supercritical extraction (SFE) basis, by a kind of improvement technology that improves technological process vacuum tightness, extraction solvent is evaporated rapidly at low temperature, weakened the sex change of " thermo-sensitivity " composition, be aromatic essential oil " efficient, guarantee the quality " extraction desirable technique [Gao Yanxiang etc.. supercritical CO
2the research of Essential Oil from Spices, food and fermentation technique: 1996, No 6:8～12].
Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil is a kind of important rare spice, and economic worth is higher, because of its fragrant odour.Now, it by widely as composing fragrant main component, be commonly used for the raw material of perfume compound, wormer and preparation essence.The complex mixture that Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil is comprised of aromatics and the monoterpenes of 30 number of different types, [it is medium that gold is built for main component phantol, phanteine, Terpane, alpha-terpineol, acetic acid lavandula angustifolia ester, lavandula angustifolia alcohol, β 4-alcohol and camphor etc., GC-MS method is measured the chemical composition of Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil. food and biotechnology journal, 2005,24 (5): 68～71].Deer grass { a kind of per nnial herb that Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iijin. composite family tubiform floret subfamily Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis belongs to.Be commonly called as Xinjiang ginseng, among the peoplely in Xinjiang be used as medicine for a long time, tool tonifying Qi brain-invigorating, cure mainly neurasthenia, poor appetite [Xinjiang biological soil institute, < < Chinese Herbal Medicine in Xinjiang > >, the Xinjiang People's Press, Urumchi, 251, 1975], deer grass essential oil is among the people in Xinjiang is used as skin sterilization agent, it is the skin-protection product that local Kazak ethnic minority is liked, through we GC-MS, analyze, its main component is catenanes compound and sesquiterpene and derivative thereof, wherein sesquiterpene content accounts for 40%.The common method of producing at present these two kinds of essential oils remains steam distillation, has " head is fragrant " loss, the oxidizable shortcoming of heat-sensitive substance.Subcritical CO
2for want of systematic study of fluid technique application therein is not yet paid attention to.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: a kind of subcritical CO that uses is provided
2fluid technique is prepared the method for essential oil from scented plants labiate lavandula angustifolia and feverfew deer grass for raw material.
The present invention makes the oxidizable difficult problem of heat-sensitive substance in essential oil for solving traditional extraction process, the deer grass that the narrow leaf lavandula angustifolia of Xinjiang characteristic scented plants labiate and composite family tubiform floret subfamily Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis belong to of take is raw material, utilize the characteristic that subcritical fluids boiling point is lower, extract at room temperature, low temperature desolventizing, by improving the vacuum tightness of technological process, make extraction solvent rapid evaporation at the temperature of 20～30 ℃, and extraction is carried out in confined conditions, thereby " thermo-sensitivity " composition unchangeability, be not oxidized, the fragrant content of essential oil head obtaining is high, quality better.Further take that to extract high-purity essential oil and improve main active component in essential oil be target, on traditional supercritical extraction technique (SFE) basis, under low-temp low-pressure condition, utilize subcritical fluids characteristic in subcritical fluid extraction technology (SCFE) to filter out main living features component in applicable Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil: the entrainment agent of sesquiterpene in phantol and phanteine and deer grass essential oil, by efficient, less energy-consumption, oligosaprobic subcritical fluid extraction (SCFE) technology, prepare high-quality essential oil product.
Technical measures:
The narrow leaf lavandula angustifolia of scented plants and deer grass plant are a raw material, use subcritical CO
2fluid extraction technology is prepared the method for essential oil, it is characterized in that: after pulverizing, the narrow leaf lavandula angustifolia in Xinjiang and deer grass add in extractor, as following meto-super-critical CO
2shown in extraction essential oil flow process (Fig. 1), to adding in extractor, realize room temperature low pressure after a small amount of polar solvent (carrying agent) (20-30 ℃, 100-200bar) condition, makes CO
2supercutical fluid reaches subcritical fluids state, and fluid injects from bottom to up extractor and enters extraction stages, after extraction completely, after extraction liquid decompression, successively enters the first separator and the second separator, in the second separator bottom, collects essential oil.The product yield obtaining is thus higher.Adopt and preferably to carry agent ethanol and the resulting product of ethyl acetate (9: 1), the extraction yield that SFE can be extracted to Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil is increased to 0.21% from the deer grass essential oil 0.15% that 2.58% is increased to 4.33%, SFE extracts.And improved the content of four kinds of labeled components (characteristic component) total contents (more than 87%) and phanteine, acetic acid lavandula angustifolia ester and lavandula angustifolia alcohol in the Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil of Xinjiang:
accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 essential oil SCFE leaching process schematic diagram
In aforesaid method, subcritical CO
2the solvent adding during extraction and carry agent and CO
2weight ratio in 0.5: 100 to 5: 100 scope; Extraction temperature can be down to 20-30 ℃; Extracting pressure can be down to 100-200bar; Extraction time 2-5 hour; Extraction is carried agent and can be selected: 80-95% (V/V) ethanol or dehydrated alcohol, methyl alcohol, Virahol, ethyl acetate, acetone kind a kind of, two or three, wherein take cheap, safely, the preferred agent of carrying is mixed solvent system: ethanol and ethyl acetate (1: 0-0: 1) by target to meet in requirement such as medicine food health and raising essential oil representative activeconstituents extraction selectivity.
Through above-mentioned, carry the subcritical CO that agent is ethanol and ethyl acetate mixed solvent
2the essential oil that fluid extraction technology prepares can be by regulating the ratio of mixed solvent, to improve the selectivity of the dissimilar composition of essential oil product, thereby further affect productive rate and component type that the method is extracted essential oil: improve ethyl acetate ratio, while making it be greater than 50%, can obtain the about 10-18% of gain in yield and contain the Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil that ester amount significantly improves 15-25%; Or raising proportion of ethanol, make it be greater than 50%, can improve containing alcohol amount the Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil of 10-32%.
Advantage of the present invention:
The invention provides a kind of subcritical CO that uses
2fluid extraction technology is prepared the method for essential oil from the narrow leaf lavandula angustifolia of scented plants and deer grass for raw material, and the method is than traditional steam distillation and supercritical CO
2fluid extraction method (SFE), there is practicality, productive rate is high, the extraction conditions of low-temp low-pressure, make essential oil thermo-sensitivity composition be difficult for destroyed, the to have reduced SFE advantages such as production cost, for further realizing subcritical fluid extraction (SCFE) technology, applying of aromatic essential oil industrialization production, lay the foundation.
Embodiment
By the following specific examples further illustrate the invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto embodiment
Embodiment 1: under 40 ℃, 250bar condition, after 1kg is pulverized, the plant material of above-mentioned two kinds adds in extractor, the CO2 fluid that reaches criticality after pressurization preheating is injected after extractor from bottom to up, in extractor, add the Ethanol-Acetic Acid acetate mixed solvent (9: 1) of 1.5% (weight ratio) to make supercutical fluid reach subcritical fluids state, now, said temperature pressure is corresponding drops to 25 ℃, 100bar.After 2 hours, after extraction liquid decompression, successively enter the first separator and the second separator, in the second separator bottom, collect essential oil, obtain respectively colourless Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil and light yellow transparent deer grass essential oil, through proportion and index determination, purity is more than 98%.
Embodiment 2～5: in embodiment 1, Ethanol-Acetic Acid acetate mixed solvent ratio is respectively: 1: 0, and 1: 1,1: 9,0: 1.
Embodiment 6: the Ethanol-Acetic Acid acetate mixed solvent (9: 1) that adds 3.0% (weight ratio) in embodiment 1 in extractor.
Embodiment 7: the extraction time in embodiment 1 increases to 5 hours.
Embodiment 9: the acetone and ethyl acetate mixed solvent (9: 1) that adds 1.5% (weight ratio) in embodiment 1 in extractor.
Embodiment 10～13: in embodiment 9, acetone and ethyl acetate mixed solvent ratio is respectively: 1: 0, and 1: 1,1: 9,0: 1.
Subcritical fluid extraction technology is prepared method and traditional preparation method's of essential oil control experiment:
1 laboratory apparatus and material
1.1 instruments and chromatographic column:
U.S. HP6890 gas chromatograph, fid detector, chromatographic column is HP-INNOWax (30m * 0.25mm * 0.25 μ m)
1.2 chromatographic conditions:
HP6890 chromatographic instrument: 230 ℃ of temperature of vaporization chamber, carrier gas is N2,250 ℃ of sensing chamber's temperature, carrier gas linear speed 1ml/min, splitting ratio is 100: 1, sample size 0.3 μ L, heating schedule is as follows: HP-INNOWax post: 50 ℃ of (15min) → 200 ℃ (15min) (1 ℃/min) → 200 ℃ (5min) (1 ℃/min); GC/MS combined instrument: 250 ℃ of temperature of vaporization chamber, ionization mode EI, 200 ℃ of ion source temperatures, interface temperature 250C, quality of scanning scope (M/Z) 35～700amu, acquisition mode, full scan scan, splitting ratio 100: 1, HP-INNOWax column and programmed temperature is as above.
1.3 steam distillation essential oil sample preparations:
Get the place of production and be the narrow leaf lavandula angustifolia of Xinjiang Yili of China and each 500g of deer grass roots portion that the place of production is Altay Mountains, pulverizing, by wet distillation, through extracted with diethyl ether, is used anhydrous Na 2SO4 dry filter by distillate, filtrate boils off ether, obtains respectively colourless and light yellow transparent essential oil.
1.4SFE and SCFE method essential oil sample preparation instrument:
SFE:HA-120-50-1 type (Huaan, Nantong), SCFE:CBE-5/10L subcritical abstraction laboratory equipment (Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan MTS)
1.5 thin-layer chromatography TLC condition determinations:
Silica gel (GF
254) for Haiyang Chemical Plant, Qingdao produces, the detection of 254nm ultraviolet lamp, 5% ethanol solution of sulfuric acid and iodine heating colour developing.
2 overcritical and subcritical liquid extraction method essential oil sample preparations:
2.1 overcritical SFE: get the place of production and be the narrow leaf lavandula angustifolia of Xinjiang Yili of China and each 500g of deer grass roots portion that the place of production is Altay Mountains, after pulverizing under 40 ℃, 250bar condition, plant material is added in extractor, the CO2 liquid that reaches criticality after pressurization preheating is injected after extractor from bottom to up, after extraction liquid decompression, successively enter the first separator and the second separator, in the second separator bottom, collect essential oil, obtain respectively colourless and light yellow transparent essential oil.
2.2 subcritical SCFE: get the place of production and be the narrow leaf lavandula angustifolia of Xinjiang Yili of China and each 500g of deer grass roots portion that the place of production is Altay Mountains, obtain respectively colourless and light yellow transparent essential oil with embodiment 1-6.
3 measuring methods:
3.1 above essential oil samples are by weight in raw material calculated yield, and with GC-MS method mensuration essential oil Contents of Main Components.
3.2 methods according to up-to-date Chinese lavandula angustifolia standard GB/T 12653-2008 defined are measured acid number and the 70% ethanol miscible degree (20 ℃) of Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil.
3.3 quantitative thin-layer chromatography TLC measure essential oil at developing time and the colour developing spot size of 5% ethanol solution of sulfuric acid and iodine heating.
4 experimental results:
Above essential oil is measured through different methods, the results detailed in following table 1-3: table 1 is the comparison of supercritical extraction (SFE), subcritical abstraction (SCFE) and two kinds of refined oil rates of water vapour distillation and Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil acid number and 70% ethanol miscible degree, table 2 is that in the Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil of Xinjiang, four kinds of significant compositions are GC-MS measurement result, and table 3 is for being used different ratios to carry the subcritical abstraction Xinjiang Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil productive rate of agent and the comparison of component type.
Table 1 supercritical CO
2extraction, subcritical CO
2extraction and steam distillation comparison
Table 2GC-MS is used in conjunction and measures four kinds of significant composition relative content/% in Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil
The super subcritical CO of table 3
2extraction Xinjiang Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil productive rate and component type comparison
5 conclusions:
5.1 as shown in Table 1, and subcritical carbon dioxide extraction method extracts essential oil than extraction by steam distillation efficiency high (productive rate is high, the time is short), and essential oil quality is high.At subcritical carbonic acid gas, carry a small amount of polar solvent secretly solute nonpolar or that polarity is lower is had to good dissolving power as ester, ether, lactone with containing oxygen, nitrogen compound etc., can be by polar solvent molecule to its extracting power to essential oil of the improved effect of solute molecule, use and preferably carry agent---the subcritical fluids that ethanol-7 acetoacetic ester mixed solvent produces, the Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil extraction yield of SFE can be increased to 4.33% from 2.58%, increase nearly 0.7 times, Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil extraction yield and be increased to 0.21% from 0.15%, increase respectively nearly 0.7 times and 0.4 times.The quality of gained essential oil is better thus.
5.2 as shown in Table 2, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is compared with steam distillation with subcritical fluid extraction (SCFE) technology, can improve in the Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil of Xinjiang the content of four kinds of labeled component (characteristic component) total contents and phanteine, acetic acid lavandula angustifolia ester and lavandula angustifolia alcohol.And use ethanol-7 acetoacetic ester mixed solvent than SFE, can significantly improve four kinds of labeled components (characteristic component) total content in essential oil as the SCFE that carries agent, approximately increase by 25%, and significantly improve the content of acetic acid lavandula angustifolia ester and lavandula angustifolia alcohol.
5.3 as shown in Table 3, in subcritical fluid extraction, select cheapness, safely, meet the requirements such as medicine food health carry agent---Ethanol-Acetic Acid acetate mixed solvent, its blending ratio is different, selectivity is with to carry effect secretly different, thereby affect productive rate and component type that this method is extracted essential oil: when wherein ethyl acetate ratio is greater than 50%, the productive rate of essential oil and significantly improving containing ester amount, increases and is approximately 10-18% and 15-25% respectively.And from qualitative identification angle analysis, ethyl acetate ratio increases to be made containing oxygen terpene amount and containing rare amount, also to increase to some extent in essential oil; Otherwise, when proportion of ethanol is greater than 50%, the productive rate of essential oil change little but can improve in Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil containing alcohol amount to 10-32%.Therefore when to develop antibiotic and and the appropriate to the occasion employing proportion of ethanol of functional Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil product antianxity high carry agent, and to open the appropriate to the occasion employing ethyl acetate of Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil product ratio that lasting is good high carry agent), the present invention is owing to considering that to reduce ethyl acetate solvent residual, and finally in subcritical fluid extraction SCFE, selecting ethyl acetate is that 10% mixed solvent is as carrying agent.
Claims (5)
1. use subcritical CO for one kind
2fluid extraction technology is prepared the method for aromatic essential oil, it is characterized in that adopting at supercritical CO
2in fluid, add a small amount of polar solvent as carrying agent, thus the subcritical CO forming
2fluid extraction technology has been realized under room temperature low pressure condition and has been prepared essential oil.
2. method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: subcritical CO
2the solvent adding during extraction and carry agent and CO
2weight ratio in 0.5: 100 to 5: 100 scope; Extraction temperature can be down to 20-30 ℃; Extracting pressure can be down to 100-200bar; Extraction time 2-5 hour.
3. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: extraction is carried agent and can be selected: 80-95% (V/V) ethanol or dehydrated alcohol, methyl alcohol, Virahol, ethyl acetate, acetone kind a kind of, two or three, wherein preferably carrying agent is mixed solvent system: ethanol and ethyl acetate (1: 0-0: 1).
4. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: preferably carrying agent is ethanol and ethyl acetate (1: 0-0: in the time of 1), improve ethyl acetate ratio, while making it be greater than 50%, can obtain the about 10-18% of gain in yield and contain the Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil that ester amount significantly improves 15-25%; Or raising proportion of ethanol, make it be greater than 50%, can improve containing alcohol amount the Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil of 10-32%.
5. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt and preferably to carry agent ethanol and the resulting product of ethyl acetate (9: 1), the extraction yield that SFE can be extracted to Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil is increased to 0.21% from the deer grass essential oil 0.15% that 2.58% is increased to 4.33%, SFE extracts.And improved in the Herba Lysimachiae foenumgraeci quintessence oil of Xinjiang the content of four kinds of labeled component (phanteine, acetic acid lavandula angustifolia ester and lavandula angustifolia alcohol) total contents (more than 87%) and phanteine, acetic acid lavandula angustifolia ester and lavandula angustifolia alcohol.
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| CN103937613A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-23 | 福建农林大学 | Method for sub-critically extracting jasmine flower head fragrance essential oil |
| CN106281709A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-01-04 | 广西灏源盛世生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of Herba Melissae officinalis essential oil |
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| CN106281712A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-01-04 | 广西灏源盛世生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of Herba Lysimachiae foenum-graeci quintessence oil |
| CN107177420A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-19 | 广西万山香料有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method of Lavender |
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| RU2810005C1 (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-12-21 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий" (ФГБОУ ВО "ВГУИТ") | Method of production of dry co2-extracts from plant materials and apparatus for its implementation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103937613A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-23 | 福建农林大学 | Method for sub-critically extracting jasmine flower head fragrance essential oil |
| CN106281709A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-01-04 | 广西灏源盛世生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of Herba Melissae officinalis essential oil |
| CN106281707A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-01-04 | 广西灏源盛世生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of Radix Oenotherae erythrosepalae quintessence oil |
| CN106281712A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-01-04 | 广西灏源盛世生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of Herba Lysimachiae foenum-graeci quintessence oil |
| CN107177420A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-19 | 广西万山香料有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method of Lavender |
| CN108707511A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-10-26 | 郑州雪麦龙食品香料有限公司 | A kind of extraction process of citronella oil |
| RU2810005C1 (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-12-21 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий" (ФГБОУ ВО "ВГУИТ") | Method of production of dry co2-extracts from plant materials and apparatus for its implementation |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| DD01 | Delivery of document by public notice |
Addressee: Fu Bo Document name: Notification of Publication of the Application for Invention |
|
| DD01 | Delivery of document by public notice |
Addressee: Fu Bo Document name: Notification of before Expiration of Request of Examination as to Substance |
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| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20140129 |