CN1035361A - Survey the method for microscler horizontal or vertical electric conductor with the phase coherence calutron - Google Patents
Survey the method for microscler horizontal or vertical electric conductor with the phase coherence calutron Download PDFInfo
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- CN1035361A CN1035361A CN89100306.1A CN89100306A CN1035361A CN 1035361 A CN1035361 A CN 1035361A CN 89100306 A CN89100306 A CN 89100306A CN 1035361 A CN1035361 A CN 1035361A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/30—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with electromagnetic waves
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Abstract
Be used to survey the method and apparatus of the underground electric conductor of horizontal or vertical orientation.This equipment comprises by optical cable and is connected to transmitter in the ground in coincidence frequency source or the hole, and the hole inner receiver.This method comprises: be created in first electromagnetic field by induced current in the rockbound electric conductor of weakly conducting, then, detect second electromagnetic field that is produced by the induction current in this conductor, as the received signal of receiver.Handle the signal that receives by the synchronous detection in the coincidence frequency source, so that from the signal that receives, take out data such as phase shift and amplitude.This method can be used to also find out whether the spacing of two borings is constant.
Description
The present invention relates generally to equipment and the method that is used to survey by the relatively poor underground electric conductor that rock surrounded of electric conductivity, and relates in more detail and be used for surveying mineral ore or be positioned at subterranean tunnel or the method for conductive equipment of boring.The phase coherence receiver is used for surveying the magnetic-field component of passing the electromagnetic field that the relatively poor rock of electric conductivity that surrounds this conductor penetrates, and this electromagnetic field is the EM(electromagnetism when the antenna generation that is encouraged by the phase-locking continuous wave transmitter) electric field component of ripple produces when inducing synchronizing current in this conductor.
Military at present going up surveyed subterranean tunnel with some kinds of technical methods.These methods comprise surface characteristics visual observation, surface drilling, utilize acoustics and Seismic Equipment and utilize various ground with the hole in electromagnetism (EM) ripple transmission method.
In these technical methods, the EM technical method is the most promising because the EM technical method is ignited munitions and at random the geology construct noise be insensitive.At present two kinds of EM technical methods that use are: authorize the 4th of people such as Lytle, the connection roadway high frequency refraction detection method of being applied in 161, No. 687 United States Patent (USP)s and by the exploitation of southwestern Science Institute, the employed connection roadway pulse of AUS EM system (PEMS) at present.
These two kinds of connection roadway technical methods all predetermined detection are intersected the variation of the electrical quantity of caused geologic medium with the vertical plane between two borings by the tunnel.Yet these two kinds of technical methods have all used transmitter and receiver in the hole, and they all are to be connected to ground equipment by the cable that conducts electricity.The use of this conductive cable has influenced the measurement of phase-shift phase, thereby has hindered the use Synchronous Detection.
Generally speaking, in the document, delivered and in the natural rock of slight conduction, used antenna and electromagnetic wave propagation method, be used for the remote sensing and the mapping of subsurface geology feature, and rigid military communication and with just being operated in or being hampered by the application scenario that the miners in the subterranean tunnel carry out wireless communication.So far this ambit is studied as the communications field of underwater submarine always.Some comment (Hansen, R.C. be published in IEEE Trans.on An+.and Prop., May 1963, be entitled as " using underground and emission and reception underwater antenna " literary composition and Moore, R.K. be published in IEEE Trans.on Ant.and Prop., May 1963, being entitled as " conducting medium is to the influence of antenna analysis " literary composition has on every side reviewed from 18 th century later by Heaviside, the historical development situation of the regularization theory of O. starting, this theory are that publication is rolled up in I and the volume II at " the Electrical papers " of London MacMillan and Company Ltd publication in 1882.This theory subject study the interaction of antenna and EM field component under the situation of the geologic medium of slight conduction.With regard to wireless communication, this theory subject study radiowave along earth surface, pass the direct-path of the earth, the propagation of the trip path between two submarines and along the possibility of the natural duct propagation of the earth.Aspect geologic prospecting, this theory subject study the detection of the haloing of chemical metallogenic belt (halos), these metallogenic belts are followed following geologic feature and are produced: tomography and vein, clip the sandstone and the coal rock hole of oil and natural gas, the ore bed of coal, trona and potash, and the abnormal occurrence that hinders various valuable resources to discharge according to the order of sequence." Ann.Physik " Ser.4 Vol.81, №, 17, pp 1135-1153, Dec.1926, title once provided the early stage theoretical opinion that surface wave is communicated by letter for " Uber die Austreitung der Wallen in der Drahtlosen telegraphie " literary composition, and author Wait, J.R(investigates editor) at May 1963 issue of IEEE Trans.Ant.and Prop.Vol.Ap.1, provide among the № 3 about being used to study the various communications of subsurface geology feature and the knowledge of technical method.
Author J.R.Wait and D.A.Hill to U.S. mineral bureau about Ho122061(1974 September) in the preliminary report of number contract (title is: " coaxial cable in the circular tunnel on the transmission line and bifilar mode ") related to the research of propagating for guided wave in the tunnel, and systematically bring forward proof and have the theoretical model of single line and two-wire communication mode for two wires cable, tramway and power cable type lead.
In addition, at " Radio Science ", the Vol II, № 4(1976 April), the author is: R.N.Grubb, P.L.Oswell and J.H.Taylor, title is: in " in 300KHz to 25MHz frequency range measure boring conductance and dielectric constant " literary composition, described a kind of method of a large amount of electrical quantitys of a certain zone that is used to measure the earth, this method comprises electromagnetic magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field phase-shift phase that measurement receives simultaneously in two borings.
The publication name is called: " Proceeding of the IRE(1952 October) ", the author is J.R.Wait, and title is: " immersing the magnetic-dipole antenna in the conducting medium " literary composition is pointed out: have fundamentally different power consumption relations between electricity and magnetic-dipole antenna.Under the electrical dipole antenna situation, near the radial wave impedance dipole is real number basically, and under the situation of magnetic-dipole antenna, this impedance but is an imaginary number.Near the energy that big real number impedance causes dissipating this electric dipole is greater than outwards flowing to energy at a distance.
Author R.F.Harrington by Mc Graw Hill, N.Y.(1961) has described the formula that is used for calculating the magnitude of current that is produced at conductor by the incident electric field in " time harmonic electromagnetic field " book of Chu Baning.
W.R.Bennett and J.R.Davey has described various synchronous detection principles in " data transmission " book that Mc Graw Hill books companies (nineteen sixty-five) publish.
At last, No. the 4th, 577,153, the United States Patent (USP) of L.G.Stolarzyk " the continuous wave intermediate-freuqncy signal transmission exploration method that the is used for the texture of coal seam imaging " method having described to utilize the radio method of development to constitute the texture of coal seam image.
Prior art had not proposed to learn with method for synchronous the practical approach of the existence of finding previous unconscious subterranean tunnel or mineral ore.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to describe a kind of underground whether having that be used for measuring reliably by relatively poor horizontal alignment that rock surrounded of electric conductivity or vertical orientated electric conductor.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of the method for the strongest feature in tunnel as the mensuration subterranean tunnel of measuring object.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of subterranean tunnel assay method that can accurately measure tunnel location.
Another purpose of the present invention is to utilize connection roadway phase coherence surveying instrument to measure the thin layer rock conductor that for example becomes the ore deposit mineral ore.
Another object of the present invention is the partition distance of utilizing in the back production face system of attack between each boring of connection roadway phase coherence apparatus measures.
In brief, most preferred embodiment of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1. produce first electromagnetic field;
2. utilize the electric field component of first electromagnetic field in underground electric conductor, to induce synchronizing current;
3. utilize magnetic-field component by second electromagnetic field that electric current produced of in this electric conductor, inducting being deployed in to induce in the antenna of the phase coherence receiver in the boring signal and
4. utilize synchronizing detection mensuration and analytic approach to confirm the existence of described electric conductor.
This first electromagnetic field can or be produced by the electric current that flows in the vertical magnetic dipole sub antenna (when tested electric conductor is horizontal alignment) in long ground conductor or in the hole, is perhaps produced by horizontal magnetic dipole antenna (when tested electric conductor when being vertical orientated).In various intermediate orientation, this electromagnetic electric field component must be the surface polarization to this electric conductor, that is, tangent with this surface.This ground conductor and hole internal antenna are encouraged by transmitter.The noise that electric equipment produced in the mine, the perhaps electromagnetic wave that produces on the ground, also all can be in the ground lower conductor induced current.This conductor should have long axial dimension, and is surrounded by the relatively poor rock of electric conductivity.For example, this electric conductor may be mounted in the tramway in the subterranean tunnel, or telephone wire, power lead.The brine electrolysis of filling the tunnel or flowing through in the tunnel also can play described electric conductor by the relatively poor thin-layer chemical mineralising mineral ore that rock surrounded of electric conductivity as by.
This phase coherence receiver comprises horizontal or vertical magnetic-dipole antenna, frequency mixer and as intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier of this receiver final stage signal output device.By optical cable the coincidence frequency signal source not only is connected to transmitter but also be connected to receiver.This coincidence frequency signal source produces a kind of synchronized transmissions signal (this signal is a kind of non-modulated, continuous wave phase-locking signal, is sent to transmitter by optical cable) and a kind of synchronous local oscillated signal of delivering to receiver by optical cable.This synchronizing signal can be below or above the frequency of operation of this system.When this synchronizing signal was lower than frequency of operation, then this frequency of operation produced by a phaselocked loop (PLL) is locked in this synchronizing signal.The transmission signal (S after synchronous
T) being added to the input end of the power amplifier level of transmitter, the latter produces the output signal of transmitter.The long ground conductor or the hole internal antenna of output signal excitation of this transmitter, the latter produces first electromagnetic field.The electric field component of this first electromagnetic field synchronizing current of in underground electric conductor, inducting.Magnetic-field component by second electromagnetic field that this induction current produced is received by the phase coherence receiver, in this receiver, the signal of being received with synchronously after the local oscillated signal mixing, to produce intermediate-freuqncy signal.This intermediate-freuqncy signal is sent back to the coincidence frequency signal source by up optical cable, measure the intensity and the phase-shift phase of received signal there by synchronizing indicator.
This phase coherence surveying instrument also can be used to detect and is used for for example nugget avalanche exploitation, veritcal shooting funnel, certain variation to the standoff distance of boring of recovery method such as choosing or the exploitation of back production face again.This transmitter and phase coherence receiver are deposited in the boring that respectively separates, and measure the phase shift variations of received signal, thereby this phase shift variations is associated with variable in distance.
An advantage of the invention is: owing to having used unmodulated continuous wave carrier signal and Synchronous Detection to make the sensitivity of receiver increase some orders of magnitude.
Another advantage of the present invention is: can carry out the measurement of phase shift and amplitude exactly owing to used optical cable.
Another advantage of the present invention is: the axial dimension that uses this electric conductor in detection method.
Another advantage of the present invention is: vertical, level or the various intermediate orientation that can measure underground electric conductor.
Another one advantage of the present invention is: can use the phase place relevant measurement method of connection roadway to measure the variation of institute's partition distance between two borings in back production face recovery method.
Undoubtedly, concerning the professional in present technique field, below having read,, will be appreciated that these and other each purpose and advantage of the present invention to after the illustrated detailed description that most preferred embodiment was carried out of each accompanying drawing.
In each accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the part sectional elevation drawing that has the geologic province of subterranean tunnel, and the hole structure according to method 1 of the present invention is shown;
Fig. 2 is the top view elevation drawing for another embodiment of the antenna structure of method I use of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the top view elevation drawing for another embodiment of the antenna structure of method I use of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the circuit block diagram that is used for the equipment that transmits and receives of phase-locking signal according to of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the circuit block diagram of synchronizing indicator of an ingredient of equipment shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the part sectional elevation drawing that has the geologic province of subterranean tunnel, and the hole structure according to method II of the present invention is shown;
Fig. 7 explanation is by electromagnetic each field component that electric current produced in the tuning tours antenna;
Fig. 8 is the part sectional elevation drawing that has the geologic province of subterranean tunnel, and the hole structure according to the inventive method III is shown;
Fig. 9 is that the part that has a geologic province of subterranean tunnel is cutd open and wished elevation drawing, and the hole structure according to the inventive method IV is shown;
Figure 10 is the part sectional elevation drawing that has the geologic province of subterranean tunnel, and the part sectional elevation drawing according to the hole structure of the inventive method V is shown, and the hole structure according to the inventive method V is shown;
Figure 11 be shown in the equipment among Fig. 4 another embodiment circuit block diagram and
Figure 12 is the part sectional elevation drawing according to some mineral ores by the boring that distance separated to be determined of containing of the inventive method VI.
Fig. 1 illustrate one 12 that surrounded by the rock stratum, contain some subterranean tunnels 10 with the electric conductor 14 shown in the tramway form.The electric conductivity of rock stratum 12 is poor more than electric conductor 12.Electric conductor 14 can be included in the tunnel 10, and along the tunnel 10 length direction and any conductive body of extending.Electric conductor 14 also can be for example a kind of thin layer mineralising conduction mineral ore, be imbedded in the conductive body in the rock stratum 12.The object example that in tunnel 10 other can play electric conductor 14 comprises: brine electrolysis that flows in the power lead of the copper in little line footpath or telephone cable, metal airduct, trolley wire, the plastic water pipe in tunnel 10 or the brine electrolysis of filling whole tunnel 10.
Some borings 18 are extended downwards from ground region 20, pass rock stratum 12.Transmitter 24 is positioned on the ground region 20, and is coupled at least one cable 26 by tours antenna 25.Stube cable 28 is electrically connected to tours antenna 25 to transmitter 24.When transmitter 24 energized, the electric current (circulation) that flows in the tours antenna 25 is synchronous with the signal phase on the input end 30 that is added to transmitter 24.By induction, this ring current causes the synchronizing current that flows in cable 26.Cable 26 plays the long-line current antenna, and it can be one section relatively straight insulated conductor, and its length is in 100 to 1500 feet scopes.On the other hand, can be some cable 26 launch into sector patterns, as shown in Figure 2, this pattern right angle be bordering on 90 degree.Also can make as shown in Figure 3 cable loop to cable 26 with major diameter X.
Get back to Fig. 1, these coincidence frequency signal source 32 light are connected to transmitter 24 by the optical cable 34 that is applied to input end 30 from signal source 32.Equally, by comprising that uplink optical fibers 38 and downlink optical fiber 40(are shown among Fig. 4) optical cable 37 receiver 36 light are connected to coincidence frequency signal source 32.Receiver 36 comprises and has the vertical annular magnetic-dipole antenna 41 of the toroidal electrical short ferrite that is located substantially on the antenna 41 in the X-Z plane (magnetic moment vector is consistent with the Z axle).Coincidence frequency signal source 32 can produce at least two kinds of low frequency signals in 1 to 300KHz frequency range.This coincidence frequency signal source can also produce high frequency (HF) and the very high frequency(VHF) that is used for accurate measuring distance
(VHF) the various frequencies of frequency band.Receiver 36 is deployed in the depth d at least one boring 18
1The place.
In this most preferred embodiment, transmitter 24, coincidence frequency signal source 32 and receiver 36 comprise each parts shown in Fig. 4.Quartz crystal reference oscillator 42 produces has crystal frequency f
cCrystal oscillator output signal S
c, this frequency f
cIn state separate machine 44,, has reference frequency f with generation divided by integer K
Ref, phase place is the first reference signal S of zero degree
RefaAll from the signal of coincidence frequency signal source 32 output all with signal S
RefaPhase-locking.State separate machine 44 also produces phase deviation S
RefaThe second reference signal S of 90 degree
RefbSignal S
RefaAnd S
RefbAll in synchronization detecting method, need usefulness.
Signal S
RefaBe used for common phase-locked loop 46, to produce with signal S
RefaPhase locked primary emission signal S
T'.In addition, the output signal S of oscillator 41
cLocal oscillator signals S as primary receiver
LO'.Signal S
T' and S
LO' deliver to respectively before transmitter 24 and the receiver 36, the required frequency band of system works is arrived in their frequency transformations.By means of the poor mixing of receiving in the crystal variable frequency oscillator 48, to signal S
T' carry out mixing, with the generation work S that transmits
TEqually, S
LO' signal with same crystal variable frequency oscillator 50 in frequency mixer 52 carries out mixing, to produce work receiver local oscillator signals S
LOSignal S after the mixing
TAnd S
LOFrequency be respectively f
OAnd f
LOWhen the method that produces signal with this kind derives signal S
LOAnd S
TThe time, these signals just are called phase coherence.The phase shift and the accidental phase change that appear in the variable frequency oscillator 50 similarly appear at signal S
TAnd S
LOIn total phase place.This phase shift and accidental phase change in the receiver optical mixing process, have been offset.
By means of downlink optical fiber 40 signal S
LODeliver to the frequency mixer 60 that receiver 36 is comprised.Receiver 36 also comprise be electrically connected to this amplifier of amplifier 64(and be electrically connected to frequency mixer 60) the vertical annular magnetic-dipole antenna 41 of ferrite.Frequency mixer 60 is electrically connected to IF amplifier/optical fiber transmitter unit 66, and the latter is connected to the synchronizing indicator 70 that is included in the signal source 32 by uplink optical fibers 38.Microcomputer 72 is electrically connected to wave detector 70.Reference signal Srefa delivers to phase-locked loop circuit 46 through lead-in wire 76, simultaneously, delivers to synchronizing indicator 70 through lead-in wire 78.Reference signal Srefb delivers to this synchronizing indicator through lead-in wire 80.
In coincidence frequency signal source 32, signal S
CCrystal frequency f
CCan be 10.24MHz, the reference frequency of signal Srefa can be 2.5KHz, and integer K can be 4096.
On the other hand, can deliver to phaselocked loop (PLL) circuit in the instrument in each hole (seeing Figure 11) to synchronizing signal Srefa through optical cable.These PLL produce the (S that transmits in the instrument in this hole
T) and receiver local oscillated signal (S
LO).
emf＝（4.02×10
2）H
θ
This loop signals is exaggerated device 64 amplifies, then, in frequency mixer 60 with signal S
LOMixing.S
LOFrequency provide by following formula:
f
LO＝f
o-fref
Difference frequency optical mixing process in frequency mixer 60 produces intermediate-freuqncy signal S
IF, it can be expressed from the next:
S
IF＝Bsin（2πfref+θ
2）
Phase theta
2Be from the output terminal of signal source 32 until the summation of all phase-shift phases that run into the signal path of the output terminal of IF amplifier 66.θ
2In comprise the phase shift composition θ of geologic medium
m Common synchronizing indicator 70 is with microcomputer 72 measuring-signal S together
IFAmplitude and phase place.
Fig. 5 is the circuit block diagram of synchronizing indicator 70.Signal S
IFEnter detecting device 70 via uplink optical fibers 38, there, this signal runs into a pair of analog switch unit 90 and 92, and this Unit two is received signal Srefa and Srefb respectively.Switch 90 and 92 carries out multiply operation S
IF* Srefa and S
IF* Srefb.After carrying out low-pass filtering, produce pair of orthogonal voltage e by a pair of low- pass filter 94 and 96
xAnd e
y, then, this voltage is added to multiplexer 98(analog-digital converter).Phase theta
2Can be calculated as follows:
θ
2＝tan-le
x/ey。
And amplitude B can be calculated as follows:
B＝（e
2 x+e
2 y）
1/2。
The principle of work of system shown in Figure 1 is as follows: at first, signal source 32 produces has frequency f
oSignal S
TNeeded phase-locking signal, this signal f
oDeliver to transmitter 24 via cable 34.Signal S
TCan be to have expression formula Asin(2 π fot+ θ
A) sine wave, in the formula, A is an amplitude, t is the time, and θ
AIt is phase-shift value.Transmitter 24 and antenna 25 motivate the primary current in the cable 26.This primary current makes the first electromagnetic field EM
1Propagate downwards, pass rock stratum 12.If electromagnetic field EM
1Electric field component Ez run into the electric conductor 14 parallel-oriented with the length of cable 26, then in this parallel conductor 14, will induce the secondary current of increase.With in the parallel-oriented conductor 14 of cable 26 also can not induce secondary current, but, the amplitude of this nonparallel electric current will be little.Be shown in the scallop that constitutes by cable 26 among Fig. 2 and be shown in the predetermined polarized electric field component E that makes of large diameter ring-type configuration among Fig. 3
ZThe probability that runs into parallel electric conductor 14 reaches maximal value.
This secondary current will be propagated along conductor 14, and will produce the second electromagnetic field EM
2, the latter will pass rock stratum 12 and propagate this EM
2Have frequency f o, but have the signal of being different from S
TAmplitude and phase-shift phase.Vertical magnetic dipole sub antenna 41 in the receiver 36 suitably is orientated, so that receive EM
2Magnetic component H φ, as received signal S
RSignal S
RForm Bsin(2 π fo+ θ with ripple
B), in the formula, B is new amplitude, and θ
BIt is new phase-shift phase.Signal S
RBe exaggerated device 64 and amplify, then, be sent to frequency mixer 60.At this moment, just to be produced and to be transported to the signal S of frequency mixer 60 by coincidence frequency signal source 32 via optical fiber 40
LOSupply with frequency mixer 60.Signal S
LOForm with expression formula Dsin2 π (fo-fref) t, in the formula, D is S
LO Amplitude.Frequency mixer 60 passes through S
LOBe added to S
rUpward produce last signal S
IFThereby,, provide formula (1):
S
IF＝Csin（2πfreft+θm） （1）
C is S in the formula
IFAmplitude, and θ m is its phase-shift phase.
By 38 last signal S of uplink optical fibers
IFDeliver to synchronizing indicator 70, there, measure amplitude C and phase-shift phase θ m by using the synchronous detection principle.If there is no conductor 14, and then amplitude C will be zero, because the partition distance of 26 on receiver 36 and cable is too far away so that can not receive signal S
T
In this most preferred embodiment, cable 26 is positioned on the position of regulation, and receiver 36 moves between some borings 18, simultaneously, carries out the measurement of a phase-shift phase at least on the position of each boring 18.If the some different depth d in each boring 18
1The place carries out repeatedly the measurement of amplitude and phase-shift phase, then will improve the probability that measures conductor 14.On the other hand, also can be fixed on receiver 36 in the boring 18, and the position of cable 26 changes.
For simplicity, can be placed on cable 26 on the ground location, and be called method 1 by the method for utilizing hole inner receiver 36 to measure.By theoretical and combining of experience measurement repeatedly, substantive approach 1 is feasible.
In actual experiment research, 100 meters long cables are layered on the ground of York Canyon mine along the general direction that is positioned at underground about 100 meters dark people and material passage.The conductance of argillite rock crown is bordering on 1 * 10
-2Mhos/m.In this cable, can motivate 100 milliamperes of electric currents of 300KHz.Can record 11 microamperes electric current at the telephone cable that is arranged in this passage.
Table A illustrate when conductor 14 with receiver 36 separately when 30 meters and 70 meters radial distances, each incoherent secondary current intensity that measures with minimum detectable range coherent receiver.These numerals show: in York Canyon mine actual 11 microamperes the signal that records to leave 36 70 meters conductors far away 14 of receiver be enough for utilizing the synchronization detecting method I to measure to be positioned at.
Table A
The tunneling conductance body that minimum detectable range measures
Secondary current, unit are microampere
（f＝100KHz;δ＝10×E＝03mho/m;ε
r＝10）
Data in the Table A are calculated by following method.At first, calculate by secondary electromagnetic field EM with following formula (2)
2The magnetic-field component H φ that is produced:
Hφ＝-
（iI
Sk/4）H
（2） 1（KP） （2）
P=leaves the radial distance of this conductor in the formula;
Is=secondary current, unit be the ampere and
H
(2) 1(KP)=single order two class Hankel functions
(formula (2) is to select from " ELF Communicafion Antennas " book of M.L.Burrows works, and it is published in 1978 by Britain Peter Peregrinus company limited).
Next step, when H φ passes the annulus area of ferrite vertical magnetic dipole sub antenna 41, just produce by the given receiving antenna response of Faraday law according to formula (3):
emf＝ANμrω｜Hφ｜ （3）
The area of A=tours antenna in the formula, unit are m
2;
The N=number of turn;
μ
rThe magnetoconductivity of=this antenna and
The angular frequency of ω=this system.
Non-phase coherence RIM(Radar Intelligence Map) sensitivity of receiver is better than 10 nanovolts, and its relevant sensitivity can be improved to 0.1 nanovolt.The vertical shaft-like antenna of ferrite demonstrates the various electrical characteristics shown in the table B.
Table B
When 100KHz, the electrical characteristics of the shaft-like antenna of ferrite
(H φ=in the field strength values at this receiver location place)
At last, determine the electric current of the minimum detectable in the tunneling conductance body according to the data of table B; Radial distance be 30 and the situation of 70m under, determine the threshold sensitivity and the field strength values of this hole inner receiver according to formula (2).Use stacked signal transformer sheet metal, the nickel-ferro alloy of permalloy type for example, the sensitivity that might improve this receiving loop.Can obtain 10
4Doubly to the high magnetoconductivity of the free space value order of magnitude.The cross section that constitutes this iron core by the lamination that utilizes insulation just can increase area, and, can core loss be reduced to the negligible by contrast level of winding loss.Be lower than under the 10KHz situation in frequency of operation, elongated antenna can be realized the good coupling with signal field; But these low-frequency antennas also are responsive to the terrestrial magnetic field.Owing in boring, must use the vertically antenna of orientation, so this antenna will can not constitute strong coupling with the terrestrial magnetic field.
Fig. 6 illustrate another kind be used to survey electric conductor 14 ' method.For simplicity, this method is called the method II.Adding apostrophe with the employed identical label of Fig. 1 shows among Fig. 6 and identical parts shown in Figure 1.
Among Fig. 6, in the synchronous hole transmitter 100 be positioned at boring 18 ' depth d
2The place, and, by optical fiber 102 light be connected to signal source 32 ' on.Transmitter 100 comprises such as the electrical short vertical magnetic dipole sub antenna 104 that roughly is positioned the shaft-like antenna of toroidal ferrite in the X-Z plane that has antenna 104.
Fig. 7 illustrates by the various fields that magnetic dipole produced with the Y-axis unanimity.The orientation of cartesian coordinate system (X, Y, Z) makes this toroid winding be arranged in the X-Z plane of level, and simultaneously, the magnetic moment of its vertical direction (M-NIA) is located along Y-axis.Therefore, Fig. 7 has described a vertical magnetic dipole sub antenna.Total orientation of the various field components in the geologic medium 12 is described with spherical coordinates system (θ, φ, r).Meridian ellipse 106 is orthogonal to the X-Z plane, and comprises Y-axis.Following formula 4 to 6 provides each magnetic dipole field component:
The meridian ellipse horizontal component:
Hθ＝（MK
3/4π）〔1/（Kr）
3+1/（Kr）
2-1/（Kr）〕e
-ikrSinθ （4）
The meridian ellipse radial component:
Hr＝（MK
3/2π）〔1/（Kr）
3+1/（Kr
2）〕e
-ikrCosθ （5）
Longitudinal component:
E
φ＝（MK
3/4π）〔μ/ε〕
1/2〔-1/（Kr）+1/（Kr）
2〕e
-ikrSinθ （6）
The electricity vector is perpendicular to meridian ellipse, and constitutes some concentric circless around Y-axis magnetic dipole magnetic moment.Every negative power of all having been write as r in the formula 4,5 and 6.In neighbouring area near magnetic dipole moment, 1/r
3And 1/r
2" quiet " and " induction " play a major role; And at distance r " λ/2 π are Kr " 1 place, only " radiation " field just has remarkable value.Each radiation field is provided by following formula 7 and 8:
Hθ＝〔MK
3/4π〕〔e
-ikr/（kr）〕Sinθ （7）
Eφ＝（MK
3/4π〕〔μ/ε〕
1/2e
-ikr/（Kr）Sinθ （8）
Each radiation field all is horizontal (quadrature), and requiring it is a kind of ripple of propagating away from all electromagnetism field sources.With ratio cc/β and β r the magnitudes table of magnetic-field component H θ is shown:
Hθ＝（M/4πr
3）〔βre-（α/β）βr｛〔（1/Br）-βr+（α/β）+βr（α/β）
2〕
2+〔1+2βr（α/β）〕
2｝
1/2〕 （9）
In the formula,
K=β-i α and
α=attenuation constant (imaginary part of wave number), unit be napier/rice and
β=phase constant (real part of complex wave number, unit are radian/rice)
Phase angle theta can be represented by following mathematical expression:
θ＝-βr+Tan
-1〔1+2βr（α/β）〕/〔（1/βr）-βr-βr（α/β）
2+（α/β）〕。（10）
The axis of receiving loop 104 always be parallel to boring 18 ' axis.Its loop sensitivity is by formula 3(Faraday's law) provide.
Signal source 32 ' in to received signal S
RThe processing logarithm that recovered this loop sensitivity be expressed as follows:
20log
10Hθ＝20log
10（M/4πr
3）+
20log
10〔A〕 （11）
As β r during less than 0.5 radian, this magnetic field is irrelevant with the medium electrical quantity comparatively speaking; But, when Br greater than 2 the time, this amplitude depends on ratio (α/β) consumingly.If β r is less than 0.5 radian, then the variation range of phase-shift phase is less than 4 degree.When β r was between 0.5 and 1.5 radians, along with the variation of distance, the variation range of phase-shift phase may increase or reduce, and this depends on (α/β).When Br=1.5 was above, the variation range of phase-shift phase increased.At this moment, phase-shift phase depends on (α/β) consumingly.
The amplitude of electric field component E can be expressed as:
｜Eφ｜＝（M/4πr
2）〔μ/ε〕
1/2〔Bre
-（α/β）βr｛〔-βr+（α/β）+βr（α/β）
2〕
2+〔1+2βr（α/β）〕
2｝
1/2〕 （12）
And phase angle theta can be expressed from the next:
θ＝-βr+Tan
-1〔1+2βr（α/β）〕/〔-βr+（α/β）+βr（α/β）
2〕 （13）
In uniform geologic medium, the polarised direction of meridian ellipse magnetic-field component (H θ) perpendicular to receiving loop 41 ' area.When 100KHz, the emf of this loop is provided by following formula:
emf＝（4.02×10
-2）H
θ（14）
Can be summarized as follows the method II:
Signal source 32 is frequency the signal S of fo
TSend to transmitter 100.Signal S
THave and the previous identical waveform described in the method I, more precisely, have waveform Asin(2 π fot+ θ A).So, the transmitter 100 excitations first electromagnetic field EM
1, and make it pass rock stratum 12 '.The same with the situation in the method I, EM then and there
1Electric field component E
1Run into each electric conductor 14 of being oriented in the Z direction ' in one of the time, will this electric conductor 14 ' in induce secondary current.Various calculating show: from 1KHz(to 300KHz at least), current sensitivity is only with slightly changing with frequency.Therefore, the arbitrary frequency in this frequency band all can be used as frequency f o.But, owing to the output voltage of receiver 62 increases with frequency, so, the highest the most handy actual frequency, and, the most handy 100KHz.Be placed on the boring 18 that separates with transmitter 100 ' in receiver 36 ' to reacting by the magnetic field H φ that this secondary current produced.In the previous identical mode described in the method I, the data according to receiving in receiver 36 places calculate phase-shift phase and amplitude.
In the method II, when transmitter boring 18 ' and the center line of receiver boring 18 ' separately be orthogonal to conductor 14 ' axial dimension the time, that is, and when conductor 14 ' and each boring 18 ' all when parallel lines extend, will realize the optimal detection method.In addition, in the method II, each holes 18 ' should be very near conductor 14 ', generally in about 100 meters scopes.Moreover, by the change receiver 36 ' depth d
1Or the depth d of transmitter 100
2, can on each bore position, carry out several times and measure depth d
1And d
2Can be different.
Table C lists the result who the secondary current that is induced by transmitter in the hole 100 is carried out experimental measurement in two feet wide mine ventilation pipe (conductor 14 ').With the magnetic field intensity in tuning tours antenna (300KHz) and the electrometer of field strength measurement tunnel.At that time, be unit metering and record by the defined emf of formula (15) with the nanovolt decibel.
Table C
Measured field intensity in certain tunnel
(nanovolt decibel)
*=each pipe end
emf＝AμN2πf｜H｜ （15）
The used number of turn in the N=designing antenna in the formula
The toroidal area of A=, unit are m
2
The f=frequency of operation
The magnetoconductivity of μ=antenna and
The field intensity that H=checks in from table C
Fig. 8 illustrate another be used to survey ground lower conductor 14 ' method.For simplicity, the method will be called the method III., mark all with same label with each parts among the identical Fig. 8 of Fig. 1 or Fig. 6 but add an apostrophe in the back.
Among Fig. 8, transmitter 100 ' and receiver 36 ' put into a pair of partition distance be D boring 18 ', distance D is across conductor 14 ' go up (promptly, conductor 14 ' both sides respectively be provided with a boring 18 ', make in the vertical plane of transmitter 100 ' and receiver 36 ' be accommodated in and conductor 14 ' intersect).In the method III, the maximal value of partition distance D is about 20m.Utilize in the method method III, that be called reconnaissance scan a kind of, always make for example d of transmitter 100 and receiver 36 ' relatively remain on
3Same degree of depth place.After one-shot measurement, transmitter 100 ' and receiver 36 ' move on to separately second degree of depth, for example d
4, carry out another time measurement again.
This connection roadway reconnaissance scan method is predefined in measuring receiver boring total intensity amplitude and phase-shift phase under the situation that field intensity and phase shift all change with the degree of depth.Be equivalent to conductor 14 ' the degree of depth place of position occur to change.Transmitter 100 emissions have previous plane wave signal S at the described frequency f o of method II
TSignal S
TElectric field component (E
i z) polarised direction be parallel to conductor 14 ' direction (Z-direction).As signal S
TRun into 14 ' time of conductor, just produce a kind of scattering wave, simultaneously, in this conductor, produce secondary current.When this electric field component is Z axle polarization time, this scattering phenomenon reduces and strengthens with conductor 14 ' thickness.Electric field component (the E of scattering wave
S Z) also on Z-direction, polarize.Total electric field (Ez) on any point in conductor 14 ' outside is provided by following formula:
Ez＝E
i z+E
S Z（16）
By receiver 36 ' the position on measure the variation that Ez determines amplitude and phase-shift phase parameter.This phase-shift phase and amplitude be resemble described in the previous methods I measure.For the purpose of calculating, this receiver boring be from transmitter tours antenna 104 ' extend to receiver loop antenna 41 ' radial distance r
1The place calculate vectorial E
i zWith from conductor 14 ' extend to receiver loop antenna 41 ' radial distance r
2The place calculate E
S ZVector and.
In the second method of the emittor/receiver coordination that utilizes the method III, also can be with respect to receiver 36 ' come measuring receiver boring in the degree of depth of conductor 14 ' up and down.The method is called shadow scattering ripple scanning, in the method, for example d of transmitter 100 ' be fixed on
4The certain depth place, and receiver is moved to gradually the height that increases, be positioned at the d of conductor 14 ' up and down
3, d
4And d
5On each height that increases progressively, measure E
2In addition, also can make receiver 36 ' the degree of depth remain unchanged and change transmitter 100 ' the degree of depth.
Table D is listed in the result who records in the typical shadow scattering ripple scanning survey.In this system, fo is 10KHz, and rock stratum 12 ' conductance be .001mho/m.Distance D equals 20m, and antenna 104 ' from conductor 14 ' distance be 5 meters.When using the synchronizing detection technology, can record the amplitude resolution that is better than 0.1dB and be better than the 0.3 phase-shift phase resolution of spending.
Because be subjected to the restriction of admissible D value scope, so, the method III be used for mostly measure roughly with method I or II conductor 14 ' the position after, accurately measure conductor 14 ' the position.The method III also can be used for conductor 14 ' be rock stratum 12 ' in the occasion of thin conduction mineral ore.
Fig. 9 illustrate another kind be used for detecting conductor 14 ' method.For simplicity, this method is called the method IV.Among Fig. 9 with Fig. 1,6 and 8 identical each parts all use with Fig. 1,6 and 8 in used identical label indicate, but add apostrophe.
In Fig. 9, receiver 36 ' drop to boring 18 ' in.Receiver 36 ' be with cable 37 ' be connected to signal source 32 '.Have at least mine electricity equipment 110 be positioned at mine 10 '.This mine electricity equipment 110 can be that motor, electric car power-supply device, high-power transformer or other can produce the voltage of discontinuous wave or the electric equipment of electric current (electrical noise) in this powers distribution system.
In the method IV, mine electricity equipment 110 produces the electrical noise that can generate electric current in electric conductor 14.This conductor current produces a kind of electromagnetic field of the 12 ' middle propagation in the rock stratum, and the latter can be received machine 36 ' detect.For example, the switching transient of various motor and electric power system noise signal electric current induced electricity in the underground mine electric conductor.Occurring in various switching transients in ground power supply transmission line or the underground mine, can to produce multiple high-octane, duration be the transient process in the Millisecond scope.During motor starting, induction AC motor produces the triangular waveform electric current.The frequency spectrum that is produced presents 1/f
2Amplitude function, simultaneously, each spectrum component is separated by the frequency of electric system.The electric car electric power system produces the noise signal electric current of the amplitude function with Sinx/x.The characteristics of this frequency spectrum are: do not have noise the zero point in the SinX/X frequency spectrum comparatively speaking.High-power transformer produces the ferroelectric response of 1800Hz through regular meeting.These noise signals all can produce electric current in the mine electric conductor.
The use that also can be combined with each other of each method I to IV.For example, can indicate the existence of electric conductor 14 roughly with the method IV.Method I or II can be used to discern the approximate location of electric conductor 14, and the method III can be used to accurately determine the position of conductor 14.The method III is best suited for the thin layer conduction mineral ore of the Plane intersects between detection and the boring 18.
Figure 10 explanation is used to implement another kind of method of the present invention.For simplicity, this method is called the method V.The identical parts with among Fig. 1,6,8 and 9 of Figure 10 are used and Fig. 1,6,8 and 9 identical, but indicate at the label that adds apostrophe thereafter.
Among Figure 10, electric conductor 114 is (on Y direction) extension vertically downward from ground district 116.Among Figure 10, conductor 114 is plotted the boring that the sleeve pipe 118 by metal or other material system is limited.On the other hand, conductor 114 can be a uncased boring, or vertical orientated, mineralising rock of being filled with high conduction or seawater or other electricity are led the vertical shatter belt of thing.Conductor 114 does not need to extend to ground district 116 always.Ground district 116 can comprise for example soil, cement or conductivity water.This conductivity water can be full of boring.
Some horizontal drillings 120 flatly extend (that is, being against greatly in the X-Z plane) to the direction of leaving subterranean zone 124.As long as the polarised direction of E field of emission is consistent with the orientation of described conductor, 120 other intermediate orientation of then holing also are feasible.Subterranean zone 124 is similar with subterranean tunnel 10, but can comprise or not comprise some electric conductors 14.Each is holed in 120 two should be in the horizontal plane (X-Z plane) of the length direction that is substantially perpendicular to conductor 114 at least.These two boring 120 partition distance D, and be separately in conductor 114 both sides.
At least one boring 120 of transmitter 100 ' put into.Yet, in the method V, transmitter 100 ' the comprise horizontal magnetic pole sub antenna 126 of electrical short, for example shaft-like antenna of ferrite, rather than vertical magnetic-dipole antenna 104 '.The coil of antenna 126 roughly is arranged in the Y-Z plane of Figure 10.
Receiver 36 ' insertion at least one do not comprise transmitter 100 ' boring 120 in.Receiver 36 ' the comprise horizontal magnetic dipole antenna 128 of electrical short, the shaft-like antenna of ferrite for example, its coil roughly is arranged in the Y-Z plane of Figure 10.
With optical cable 102 ' and 37 ' respectively transmitter 100 ' and receiver 36 ' be connected to coincidence frequency signal source 32 '.In the method V, signal source 32 ' can be arranged in subterranean zone 124.
Can use and the used similarity method of preceding method III (being shown among Fig. 8), the method V is used to survey vertical electric conductor 114.The existence that can come detecting conductor 114 in order to following method: the reconnaissance scan method, wherein, transmitter 100 ' and receiver 36 ' always the remain on parallel positions in the boring 120; The shadow scattering method, wherein receiver 36 ' relative position be with respect to transmitter 100 ' the position incrementally change.
In these two kinds of methods, total field intensity amplitude and phase-shift phase be resemble the front about the method III described in detail record.But, in the method V, signal S
TElectric field component along Y direction polarization, this is because this direction is exactly the orientation of conductor 114.As long as the polarised direction of the E field of being launched is consistent with the orientation of this conductor, other intermediate orientation also are feasible.
Figure 11 illustrates the another one embodiment of total coincidence frequency signal source of representing with label 134 32.Another embodiment 134 all use the identical label that adds apostrophe to represent with each identical parts coincidence frequency signal source 32.
In signal source 134, saved phase-locked loop 46, and frequency mixer 60 ' and state separate machine 44 ' between, connect a receiver phaselocked loop (PPL) roads 136 by optical cable 138.In this configuration, Srefa=S
LoPPL circuit 136 be included in put into boring 18 receiver 36 '.Transmitter phaselocked loop (PPL) road 140 is connected to cable 138 by optical cable 142.PPL circuit 140 be also connected to transmitter 100 '.PPL circuit 140, transmitter 100 ' and antenna 104 ' composition can put into boring 18 ' transmitter unit 143.
By means of signal source 134, can carry voiceband Srefa by cable 138 and 142, so that make respectively in hole separately the PLL circuit in the detector 136 and 140 synchronous.This optical fibre channel bandwidth is lower than 10KHz, thereby has reduced design cost.
Figure 12 illustrates that another implements method of the present invention.For simplicity, this method is called the method VI.All using with Fig. 1,6,8,9 and 10 used identical labels at each the identical parts described in Fig. 1,6,8,9 and 10 with the front of Figure 12 adds apostrophe and indicates.
In Figure 12, it is the straight line that the geometric center with boring 150 coincides transmitter 100 ' and antenna 104 ' along center line 152() fall in the vertical drilling 150.Boring 150 under draw plane, main lane 154, vertically get out to plane, inferior lane 158 by mineral ore 156.Mineral ore 156 is with by such as nugget caving, veritcal shooting funnel method, the natural mineral resources medium that selects method or exploit by back production face extraction system again.Draw plane, main lane 154 down and be the excavation area on this mineral ore top, and plane, inferior lane 158 is to be roughly parallel to down to draw plane, main lane 154 and excavation area on the mineral ore of extension.Receiver 36 ' and antenna fallen in second vertical drilling 160 that the geometric center lines that is roughly parallel to boring 150, its center line 162 and holes overlaps.Center line 152 with 162 in different depth d
1And d
2The place separates D respectively
1And D
2Distance.150 and 160 is not parallel if hole, then D
1To be not equal to D
2
Whether the method VI is used for measuring boring 150 parallel with 160.Because in nugget caving, veritcal shooting funnel method, select in method or the back production face extraction system, boring 150 and 160 all is that impact type ground creeps into, the explosive of packing into then, so whether each holes parallel is very important again.The blast of explosive causes the cracked of mineral ore 156, thereby produces tiny landwaste, and these landwaste will be transported by scraper on plane, inferior lane 158 or long-range skip (LHD).Level or be bordering on the vertical plane that caves in and can make boring 150 and 160 have the slant angle bearing of non-zero.If connection roadway distance D
1Or D
2Too big, then this fragmentation will produce boulder, so that increases cost of winning.Therefore, the measurement of connection roadway distance can improve digging efficient.
In the method VI, transmitter 100 ' be used for launching electromagnetism (EM) ripple, this electromagnetic wave pass mineral ore 156 and propagate into receiver 36 '.The field intensity and the phase place of this EM field component depend on distance D
1With the electrical quantity of geologic medium, for example, conductivity (δ), dielectric constant (ε) and magnetoconductivity (μ).In the method VI, frequency optimum traffic is 10MHz, and can be up to 100MHz in some applications.
Can see by analyzing: when 1 inch of the variable in distance between center line 152 and 162, phase place will change 1.8 electrical angles (promptly 1.8 °).Can be corresponding to distance D
1Depth d
1The place is measured such as phase theta
RBasic parameter.In depth d
1The place can for example, determine that the ground laser acquisition instrument of each drill center line position is accurately measured D by measuring method in the near-earth face that confirms its reliability
1When the new depth d of transmitter 100 ' and receiver 36 ' drop to simultaneously
2The time, antenna 41 just reacts to the magnetic component of EM ripple.Signal source 32 ' read and write down these basic parameters, for example, the intensity of the signal that receives and phase place are as described in the previous methods I.Depart from reference value θ
RAny phase shift variations show the variation of drill center distance.
By means of the receiver shown in Figure 10/transmitter configuration mode, the method VI also can be used to detect the variable quantity of two distances between center line between horizontal drilling.
Invention has been described though utilized present most preferred embodiment,, obviously should not be interpreted as such disclosing restrictive.Undoubtedly, concerning professional in the art, after studying above-mentioned disclosing, obviously can make various variations and change.Therefore, wish appending claims be interpreted as topped all belong to all distortion and the change of true spirit of the present invention and scope.
Claims (45)
1, a kind of method that is used to survey underground electric conductor is characterised in that may further comprise the steps:
A) gamut in the area of estimating to comprise at least a underground elongated electric conductor gets out some borings,
B) in described area, settle a phase-locking transmitter,
C) settle at least one phase coherence receiver at least one boring therein,
D) handle described transmitter with produce first electromagnetic field that can in described electric conductor, induce electric current and
E) handle described phase coherence receiver to detect by caused second electromagnetic field of the described electric current in the described electric conductor.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that also including:
Handle described transmitter so that the one-component of described first electromagnetic field polarizes on the y direction of described electric conductor, and described component in described electric conductor, induce described electric current and
Handle described receiver so that the one-component of described second electromagnetic field is detected by described receiver.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described electric conductor comprises the mineral ore that rock surrounded by weak inductive.
4, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described electric conductor comprises the Alternating Current Power Supply line.
5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described electric conductor comprises telephone cable.
6, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described electric conductor comprises metal tube.
7, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described electric conductor comprises metal track.
8, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that comprising by some optical cables described transmitter and receiver is connected to the coincidence frequency signal source.
9, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that comprising described transmitter is electrically coupled at least one long cable as the long electrical wave source antenna, and described long cable arrangements along on the surface location of the roughly direction of described electric conductor.
10, the method for claim 8 is characterized in that described transmitter comprises the vertical magnetic dipole sub antenna.
11, the method for claim 8 is characterized in that also comprising following step:
The signal that contains amplitude and phase-shift phase information is delivered to described coincidence frequency signal source from described receiver.
12, the method for claim 9 is characterized in that also comprising following step:
A) produce primary current in the described long cable on described ground location, and
B) between some borings, sequentially move described receiver, and a period of time that is arranged in wherein at least two borings at described receiver produces described primary current at interval.
13, the method for claim 1 comprises:
Described transmitter is electrically coupled at least one large-scale tuning tours antenna, and this antenna is positioned near the ground location of described electric conductor, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
F) in described tours antenna, produce primary current and
G) between some borings, sequentially move described receiver, and a period of time that is arranged in wherein at least two borings at described receiver produces described primary current at interval.
14, the method for claim 10 is characterized in that also comprising the steps:
F) described receiver toward transfer in the some borings that do not contain described receiver at least one boring in.
15, the method for claim 14 is characterized in that also comprising the steps:
G) change the position of described receiver in described boring.
16, the method for claim 14 is characterized in that also comprising the steps:
G) change the position of described transmitter in described boring.
17, the method for claim 10, it is characterized in that: comprise some groups of borings in described some borings, wherein each group comprises first boring and second boring, and described first and second borings are stretched along straight line, and this straight line extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of described electric conductor substantially.
18, the method for claim 17 is characterized in that also comprising following steps:
F) described transmitter toward transfer to described each the group in one group first boring in,
G) described receiver toward transfer to described each the group described in one group second boring in
H) described transmitter is fixed on the interior constant depth place of described first boring,
I) mobile receiver arrives some depth locations in described second boring,
J) at least two depth locations in described some depth locations, utilize described receiver detect described second electromagnetic field and
K) move described first and described second boring in described transmitter and receiver, and, in second group of described each group, repeat step f to k.
19, the method for claim 18 is characterized in that: described receiver is fixed on the constant depth place, and described transmitter is moved to some depth locations.
20, a kind of method that is used to survey subterranean tunnel is characterized in that comprising following steps:
A) in the gamut in the zone of estimating to comprise the subterranean tunnel that an elongated electric conductor is housed at least, get out some borings,
B) receiver put into described each boring at least one boring and
C) detect the signal that derives from described subterranean tunnel with described receiver, the latter is the magnetic field that is produced by the electrical noise marking current that comes across in the described electric conductor.
21, the method for claim 20 is characterized in that comprising:
By optical cable described receiver is connected to terrestrial contr, the latter's part function is to analyze described signal.
22, a kind of equipment that is used to survey underground electric conductor is characterized in that comprising:
Transmitter, it comprises the emitting antenna that is used to produce first electromagnetic field,
The synchronous frequency signal source, it is used to produce the first frequency signal, this signal is transported to described transmitter by first optical cable that this frequency signal source is connected to described transmitter, described signal source can also produce the second frequency signal, and, can measure the phase shift and the amplitude information that are included in the last signal, and
Be deployed in the receiver in the boring, the latter comprises: be used to detect second electromagnetic field, and described second transformation of electromagnetic field is become the vertical magnetic dipole receiving antenna of received signal, be used to amplify the amplifier and the frequency mixer of described received signal, this frequency mixer is used for receiving described second frequency signal from described signal source by second optical cable that described synchronous frequency signal source is connected to described receiver, and be used to make described received signal with described second frequency signal mixing, to produce described last signal, the latter delivers to described frequency signal source by described second optical cable.
23, the equipment of claim 22 is characterized in that: described emitting antenna comprises that at least one is deployed in the long lead on the ground location.
24, the equipment of claim 22 is characterized in that: described emitting antenna comprises the large-sized annular antenna that is deployed on the ground location.
25, the equipment of claim 22 is characterized in that: described first frequency signal is in 50 to 300KHz scopes.
26, the equipment of claim 22 is characterized in that: described transmitter is can be deployed in emitting antenna in the boring and described to comprise the vertical magnetic dipole sub antenna.
27, the equipment of claim 26 is characterized in that: described emitting antenna comprises that shaft-like antenna of ferrite and described vertical magnetic dipole receiving antenna comprise the shaft-like antenna of ferrite.
28, the equipment of claim 22 is characterized in that: described receiver comprises phase-locked loop circuit.
29, the equipment of claim 26 is characterized in that: described transmitter comprises phase-locked loop circuit.
30, the method for claim 8 is characterized in that: described transmitter comprises the horizontal magnetic dipole antenna.
31, the method for claim 30 is characterized in that: described receiver comprises the horizontal magnetic dipole antenna.
32, the method for claim 31 is characterized in that: described electric conductor is along the vertical direction orientation, and described some boring is that along continuous straight runs gets out.
33, the method for claim 32 is characterized in that: described some borings comprise some groups of borings, and described every group of boring comprises first boring and second boring, and these borings are arranged in the horizontal plane that is approximately perpendicular to described electric conductor longitudinal direction.
34, the method for claim 33 is characterized in that also comprising following each step:
F) described transmitter is inserted in described first boring of one of described boring group,
G) described receiver is inserted into described in the described boring group in one group described second boring,
H) described transmitter be fixed on described first boring in the constant depth place,
I) in described second boring mobile described receiver to some positions and
J) utilize described receiver, detect described second electromagnetic field at least on two positions in described some positions.
35, the method for claim 34 is characterized in that: described receiver is fixed on the constant degree of depth, and described transmitter is moved on some positions.
36, a kind of equipment that is used to survey vertical orientated underground electric conductor is characterized in that comprising:
Be deployed in the transmitter in the boring of first horizontal alignment, described transmitter comprises the emitting antenna that is used to produce first electromagnetic field,
Be used to produce the synchronous frequency signal source of the first frequency signal that is sent to described transmitter, the latter can produce the second frequency signal, and, can measure the phase-shift phase and the amplitude information that are included in the last signal,
Be used for described signal source be connected to described transmitter first optical cable and
Be deployed in the receiver in the boring of second horizontal alignment, the latter comprises: be used to the receiving antenna that detects second electromagnetic field and described second transformation of electromagnetic field is become received signal, be used to amplify the amplifier and the frequency mixer of described received signal, this frequency mixer is used for receiving described second frequency signal from this synchronous frequency signal source by second optical cable that described signal source is connected to described receiver, and be used to make the described signal that receives with described second frequency signal mixing, to produce the last signal that is transported to described frequency signal source by described second optical cable.
37, the equipment of claim 36 is characterized in that: described emitting antenna comprises the horizontal magnetic dipole antenna.
38, the equipment of claim 36 is characterized in that: described receiving antenna comprises the horizontal magnetic dipole antenna.
39, a kind of method that is used for measuring at mining process the variable quantity of the distance that two borings separate is characterized in that comprising:
A) get out some passing and be positioned at the brill of drawing plane, main lane and time interplanar mineral ore in lane down
B) transmitter is inserted in first boring, and described transmitter is fixed on first transmitter site,
C) receiver is inserted in second boring, and, this receiver is fixed on second receiver location that is parallel to described first transmitter site and separates with described first transmitter site,
D) utilize described transmitter to produce first electromagnetic wave,
E) receive described electromagnetic wave component at described receiver place, as first received signal,
F) utilize first numerical value of described first received signal calculating as basic parameter,
G) in described first boring, described transmitter is moved on on second transmitter site,
H) in described second boring, described receiver moved on to be parallel to described second transmitter site and separate with described second transmitter site on described second receiver location of second spacing,
I) utilize described transmitter to produce second electromagnetic wave,
J) receive second electromagnetic wave component, as second received signal,
K) utilize described second received signal calculate as the second value of described basic parameter and
L) described first numerical value and described second value are compared, to determine that whether described second spacing is not in described first spacing.
40, the method for claim 39 is characterized in that: described first boring and described second boring are vertical drillings.
41, the method for claim 39 is characterized in that: described first boring and second boring are horizontal drillings.
42, the method for claim 39 is characterized in that: described basic parameter comprises the phase place of described electromagnetic described component.
43, the method for claim 39 is characterized in that: described basic parameter comprises the amplitude of described electromagnetic described component.
44, the method for claim 39 is characterized in that: described electromagnetic described component comprises magnetic-field component.
45, the method for claim 39 is characterized in that: described first electromagnetic wave has the above frequency of 10MHz.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14372788A | 1988-01-14 | 1988-01-14 | |
| US143,727 | 1988-01-14 | ||
| US230,711 | 1988-08-08 | ||
| US07/230,711 US4994747A (en) | 1988-01-14 | 1988-08-08 | Method and apparatus for detecting underground electrically conductive objects |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1035361A true CN1035361A (en) | 1989-09-06 |
| CN1020243C CN1020243C (en) | 1993-04-07 |
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ID=26841342
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89100306.1A Expired - Fee Related CN1020243C (en) | 1988-01-14 | 1989-01-14 | Long feature vertical or horicontal electrical conductor methodology using phase coherent electromagnetic instrumentation |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4994747A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1020243C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU607572B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1324635C (en) |
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| CN107849914A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-03-27 | 通用电气(Ge)贝克休斯有限责任公司 | Antenna structure and equipment for dielectric logging |
| CN113848588A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-28 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | LF frequency channel large-span electromagnetic wave CT imaging system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU607572B2 (en) | 1991-03-07 |
| US4994747A (en) | 1991-02-19 |
| CN1020243C (en) | 1993-04-07 |
| AU2834989A (en) | 1989-07-20 |
| CA1324635C (en) | 1993-11-23 |
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