CN103534435B - 用于保护围绕井套管的环形空间中的管道的方法和系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
为了保护围绕井套管(1)的环形空间(22)中的液压、电力和/或其它管道(7)免于被射孔操作和其它井操作(23)损坏,将管道(7)布置在U形或V形防护沟槽件(3)中的槽(5)内,所述防护沟槽件(3)被固定到井套管(1)的外表面,并且能够使得聚能装药(23、24)偏转。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于保护围绕井套管的环形空间中的管道的方法和系统。
背景技术
通常,井由伸缩式的一系列钢制管状井套管构成,以便由其自身和周围岩石提供井的完整性。通过一些机械装置用水泥和/或其它方式将这些井套管固定在井眼中。为了允许流体进入或者离开井眼,通常安装聚能射孔弹并且使得聚能射孔弹爆炸,以提供穿过钢制管道、水泥并且进入到选定的周围储层中的一系列穿孔。布署射孔弹常常需要将弹药以螺旋构造安装在射孔弹载体或者枪中。每米40个射孔的射孔密度是常见的,并且意味着井套管的整个横截面和纵向截面均是潜在但相对随机的目标。虽然研究和开发高效聚能射孔器经历许多年并且付出很大成本,但是成功且有效的穿孔取决于两个基本因素:射孔密度和相位调整。
在气井中,因为射孔密度使湍流最小化并且增大流入面积,所以射孔密度很重要。
相位调整增加了有效井眼半径。
还有,不应当忽视的是,聚能装药的一个目的是穿透钢、水泥和储层岩石而达到足以超过滤饼深度和其它表皮效应的深度。
通常通过将光缆或者电缆或者小直径液压管线(通常为7mm或者1/4”直径的不锈钢管线)机械夹持在生产管上来管理针对光缆或电缆或者小直径液压管线的数据收集、感测、通信和命令和控制的应用,所述生产管安装成连续生产/注入流体管道并且不视为油井构造管的一部分。常常用硬塑料/尼龙覆盖件封装这些缆和管线,以便提供抗压性和耐磨性。
通常,在已经实施射孔操作之后,将生产管安装在油井中,并且因此已经夹持到生产管上的任何缆或者液压管线免于被射孔损坏。
对井和储层实施监控以将缆和小直径管安装在井构造套管后面的目的需求日益增长。这样做使得这些部件面临由射孔弹的不可避免的撞击所导致的潜在损坏或者不可挽回的失效。基本上,在不可能保证缆的定向时,射孔密度或者相位调整的情况无关紧要。
减轻在炸药穿透套管时对布置在井套管外侧的缆和其它管道损坏的现有方法包括:进行磁场干扰检测和/或检测由管道产生的声波反射异常,以及随后将炸药定向,使得其不能碰撞和损坏管道。
磁场干扰检测工具的示例是由斯伦贝谢公司销售的动力定向工具(POWIT)和有线射孔平台(WPP)。
用于检测声波反射异常的工具是由斯伦贝谢公司销售的超声成像工具(USIT)。
将大直径(D=~1.25cm)编织钢缆并入到管道的封装件中有助于实施两种形式的检测,同时还用作减震器,以向管道提供额外的保护。
当前可获得的具有成直线安装的弹药的0°相位射孔弹枪可以与上面提到的磁检测工具以及与电动旋转定向工具一起进行。USIT工具需要在进行定向/射孔之前进行单独的检测/测井。
还有,在基于USIT测井进行预定定向的情况下,已经成功应用了下侧射孔系统来穿透水平井眼。
根据所使用的检测系统,在获得可靠的线路检测和远离缆和管子实施有把握的射孔时,集中化/分散化是绝对至关重要的。
较之正常射孔,定向射孔显然更昂贵。当考虑到可能需要运行至少两次单独射孔并且0°相位调整意味着每米的射孔更少时,即使忽略降低的生产/注入能力,定向射孔的成本也接近传统180°/360°相位射孔的成本的三倍。由次优选相位调整所造成的生产损失和定向所增加的成本可以高达数百万美元。
通常在数据收集期之后将监控井和/或观察井转换成生产井或者注入井,因此,假定在转换时不希望损失关于监控井的数据收集和感测性能,则安装在井套管后方的装置承担定向射孔并且结果导致射孔效率降低。
因此,需要通过使得由聚能射孔弹产生的波阵面或喷射材料偏转而保护电缆和其它管道免于遭受射孔损坏。
还需要提供一种装置,以便穿透井套管或者同轴的一组井套管,而不会损坏任何可通过夹持件或者其它装置附接到井套管中的至少一个的外表面的管道。
而且,需要消除使用定向射孔设备的需要并且允许使用全相位射孔枪。
另外,需要提供一种布署并且夹持缆或者其它管道的装置,所述装置可以与聚能装药偏转器结合成一体,并且在安装期间可以卷绕或者解绕。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种用于保护围绕井套管的环形空间中的管道的方法,所述方法包括将管道布置在形成于防护沟槽件中的槽内,所述防护沟槽件被固定到井套管的外表面。
根据本发明,还提供了一种用于保护围绕井套管的环形空间中的管道的系统,所述系统包括防护沟槽件,所述防护沟槽件被固定到井套管的外表面并且包括槽,缆布置在槽中。
防护沟槽件可以具有底部和侧表面,所述底部和侧表面布置成大体U形或V形构造,与防护沟槽件的底部相比,所述侧表面可定位成距离所述井套管的外表面的平均距离更大。
在所附权利要求、摘要和附图中所示出的非限制实施例的以下详细描述中描述了根据本发明的方法和/或系统的这些和其它特征、实施例和优点,在所述描述中,使用了附图标记,所述附图标记与在附图中所示的相应附图标记相关。
不同附图中的类似附图标记表示相同或类似的物体。
附图说明
图1是井套管的示意性侧视图,容纳管道的防护沟槽件被捆绑到所述井套管;和
图2是图1的井套管、防护沟槽件和管道组件沿着图1中的虚线2剖切并且沿着箭头2A的方向观察时的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2示出了井套管1,防护沟槽件3通过条带4捆绑到所述井套管1。
防护沟槽件3包括平坦底部3A和倒三角定向的侧表面3A和3C,其形成容纳管道6的纵向槽5,所述管道6可以包括被封装在可选的防护覆盖件8中的一根或多根液压管道和/或电缆和/或光纤缆7。
倒T形的间隔杆9被固定到防护沟槽件3的平坦底部3B,所述间隔杆9包括孔隙10,条带4延伸穿过所述孔隙10。
图2示出了如何将井套管1、防护沟槽件3和管道7组件布置在井20中,所述井20穿透地下含烃流体地层21。井套管1被环形空间22环绕,防护沟槽件3和管道7布置在所述环形空间22中,并且所述环形空间22另外填充有水泥或流体。
可以根据以下步骤安装和操作所述井套管1、防护沟槽件3和管道7:
-在地面处将所述防护沟槽件3固定到所述井套管1的外表面并且将所述管道7布置在所述防护沟槽件3中;
-将所述井套管1、防护沟槽件3和管道7下放到井20中;
-通过炸药24对所述井套管1穿孔;
-对所述井进行完井;和
-引入烃流体以流动通过所述穿孔和所述井套管的内部而到达地面处的原油和/或天然气生产设备。
为了消除定向射孔效率低下以及削减增加的成本,根据本发明的方法和系统允许使用传统的180°/360°相位射孔枪23。因此,布署在井套管1外侧的管道7的防爆炸保护变为强制性的。根本不必使枪23和管道7不对准来充分确保使得由枪23射出的一个或多个炸药24与管道7不一致。
为了保护管道7免于被由枪23所射出的炸药24损坏,防护沟槽件3的侧表面和底部表面3A-3C可以由层压金属或复合材料制成为大体倒三角形形状,以便于单独安装或者作为一体件在布署期间沿着井套管1的长度与管道7相组合地安装。层压金属和/或专门编织的复合物具有使得弹药爆炸偏转的传统方式,并且这些材料能够免于被损坏而且使得由炸药24产生的波阵面或快速形成喷射材料偏转。
针对这一目的的适当材料可以选自层压钢、金属复合材料的组以及层压铠装的金属和非金属复合材料的组的其它亚铁材料和非亚铁材料。
在具有或者不具有附接管道或者一体管道7的情况下,可以使用卷绕部件和当前可获得的缆夹持件和/或条带4来将预成形的防护沟槽件3固定到井套管1。最有效的布署方法将是形成一体的可卷绕的系统,与将缆和管布置在生产管上的通常做法一样。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于保护围绕井套管的环形空间中的管道的方法,所述方法包括将所述管道布置在形成于防护沟槽件内的槽中,所述防护沟槽件固定到所述井套管的外表面,其中,所述防护沟槽件构造成保护所述管道免于被爆破井射孔操作损坏,并且所述防护沟槽件具有由能够使得聚能装药偏转的层压金属或复合材料制成的底部和侧表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述底部和侧表面布置成大体U形或V形构造,与所述底部相比,所述侧表面定位成距离所述井套管的外表面的平均距离更大。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述侧表面布置成倒三角形形状,以使得所述侧表面朝向所述底部会聚。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述底部和侧表面由专门编织的复合物制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述底部和侧表面由层压钢制成。
6.根据权利要求2-5中的任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述防护沟槽件的所述底部安装在倒T形间隔杆上。
7.根据权利要求1-5中的任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述防护沟槽件通过条带固定到所述井套管的外表面。
8.根据权利要求2-5中的任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述防护沟槽件的所述底部安装在倒T形间隔杆上,所述防护沟槽件通过条带固定到所述井套管的外表面,所述倒T形间隔杆包括纵向间隔开的孔隙,所述条带延伸穿过所述孔隙。
9.根据权利要求1-5中的任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述防护沟槽件沿着所述井套管的一段的至少一部分在大体纵向方向上延伸,并且所述管道是电力、信号和/或流体传输管道,所述管道包括选自电缆、液压管道和/或光纤缆的组中的至少一根管道。
10.根据权利要求1-5中的任意一项所述的方法,其中,根据以下步骤安装和操作所述井套管、防护沟槽件和管道:
-在地面处将所述防护沟槽件固定到所述井套管的外表面并且将所述管道布置在所述防护沟槽件中;
-将所述井套管、防护沟槽件和管道下放到井中;
-通过炸药对所述井套管穿孔;
-对所述井进行完井;和
-引入烃流体以流动通过所述穿孔和所述井套管的内部而到达地面处的原油和/或天然气生产设备。
11.一种用于保护围绕井套管的环形空间中的管道的系统,所述系统包括防护沟槽件,所述防护沟槽件固定到所述井套管的外表面并且包括槽,管道布置在所述槽中,其中,所述防护沟槽件构造成保护所述管道免于被爆破井射孔操作损坏,并且所述防护沟槽件具有由能够使得聚能装药偏转的层压金属或复合材料制成的底部和侧表面。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中,所述底部和侧表面布置成大体U形或V形构造,与所述底部相比,所述侧表面定位成距离所述井套管的外表面的平均距离更大。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中,所述侧表面布置成倒三角形形状,以使得所述侧表面朝向所述底部会聚。
14.根据权利要求11-13中的任意一项所述的系统,其中,所述底部和侧表面由专门编织的复合物制成。
15.根据权利要求11-13中的任意一项所述的系统,其中,所述底部和侧表面由层压钢制成。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11166523.8 | 2011-05-18 | ||
EP11166523 | 2011-05-18 | ||
PCT/EP2012/059089 WO2012156434A2 (en) | 2011-05-18 | 2012-05-16 | Method and system for protecting a conduit in an annular space around a well casing |
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CN103534435A CN103534435A (zh) | 2014-01-22 |
CN103534435B true CN103534435B (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
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US (1) | US9416598B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103534435B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2012257724B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112013028188A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2835228A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2506762A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012156434A2 (zh) |
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CA2949490A1 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-01 | Aoi (Advanced Oilfield Innovations, Inc) | Apparatus, method, and system for identifying, locating, and accessing addresses of a piping system |
PE20180367A1 (es) * | 2015-07-30 | 2018-02-21 | Strada Design Ltd | Tuberia de revestimiento de pozos y sistema y metodo de tuberias de revestimiento de pozos |
CA3091230C (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2023-09-05 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Method for installing fiber on production casing |
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CN103534435A (zh) | 2014-01-22 |
AU2012257724A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
BR112013028188A2 (pt) | 2017-01-10 |
US20140076576A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
WO2012156434A3 (en) | 2013-05-10 |
GB201318150D0 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
AU2012257724B2 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
CA2835228A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
US9416598B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
GB2506762A (en) | 2014-04-09 |
WO2012156434A2 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
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