CN103532637B - Towards low deamplification coupling and the transmission method of implantable electronic device - Google Patents
Towards low deamplification coupling and the transmission method of implantable electronic device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103532637B CN103532637B CN201310467705.XA CN201310467705A CN103532637B CN 103532637 B CN103532637 B CN 103532637B CN 201310467705 A CN201310467705 A CN 201310467705A CN 103532637 B CN103532637 B CN 103532637B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- electrode
- implanted
- electronic device
- receiver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is specifically related to a kind of low deamplification coupling towards implantable electronic device and transmission method, belongs to human body communication technology field.First the inventive method sets up the capacitively coupled human body communication electrode towards implantable electronic device, comprising: miniature signal electrode, columnar metal ground electrode, insulating material.Then by launcher signal electrode, tissue, the receiver signal electrode of implantable electronic device, the output channel of signal is set up; Signal backward channel is set up by the insulating material of the receiver ground electrode of implantable electronic device and insulating material, tissue, reflector and ground electrode.Finally, form the signal circuit between implantable electronic device reflector, receiver, realizing take human body as the low deamplification transmission of medium; There is low-power consumption, fail safe be high, convenience good, advantage that signal attenuation and communication distance are irrelevant.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to human body communication technology field, be specifically related to a kind of low deamplification coupling towards implantable electronic device and transmission method.
Background technology
In recent years, implantable electronic device electronic installation (the AMI such as cardiac pacemaker, implantable sensor, drug delivery system, ActiveMedicalImplants) extensive use, medical science is detected and extends to inside of human body with treatment means, can directly in vivo region of interest realize that organ dysfunction recovers, physiologic information monitoring and insoluble drug release etc., thus improve the accuracy of physiological detection and the specific aim for the treatment of, and then modern medicine is striden into a new developing stage.
Communication issue is one of critical problem of studying of implantable electronic device (hereinafter referred to as " AMI ").On the one hand, only have the duplex communication realized in body between AMI and external measure and control device, medical science could be realized and detect and treatment.On the other hand, along with AMI is in the continuous application of medical domain, the data communication in body between different AMI is equally very necessary.Such as: in Novel diabetes methods for the treatment of, be implanted in human arm for the glucose sensor measuring blood-sugar content, the implantable insulin pump corresponding to it is but positioned at lower abdomen.If realize direct data communication (but not by measure and control device relaying in body) between the two, then significantly can improve accuracy and the convenience for the treatment of diabetes.In sum, the implanted data communication technology being applicable to AMI is of great significance with the development tool for the treatment of technology for promoting to detect based on the novel medical science of AMI.
Current existing implanted data communication technology research main by conventional wireless communication technology transplant in human body, solve the problem such as circuit design, communication protocol brought thus.But conventional wireless communication technology mainly realizes data communication based on the electromagnetic transmission in air dielectric.Relative to air dielectric, the conductivityσ of human body skin, fat and muscle much larger than long-pending (the σ >> ω ε) of its operating angle frequencies omega and DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε, thus causes the decay of electromagnetic wave in tissue to be exceedingly fast.Relative to air dielectric, the signal attenuation that the electromagnetic transmission in tissue will additionally increase up to 30-40dB, thus cause the power consumption of the implanted data communication equipment based on conventional wireless communication technology very big.On the other hand, for the AMI be implanted in human body, its electric energy is most valuable.In vitro under the still immature condition of charging technique, high power consumption means the shortening in AMI useful life.More seriously: the Quality Down (as the error rate increases) that higher signal attenuation also will cause implanted to communicate, and be vulnerable to the impact of external complex electromagnetic environment, and then reduce communication reliability.In addition, the implanted communication based on conventional wireless communication technology also inevitably will produce electromagnetic radiation biological effect (short-term shows as thermal effect), make to sustain damage to the biological tissue of variations in temperature sensitivity.In sum, in the urgent need to a kind of novel implanted communication technology, overcome the implanted communication defect in power consumption, reliability, fail safe etc. based on conventional wireless communication technology, solve implanted communicate this affect AMI application critical problem.
The data communication technology of human body communication (Intra-BodyCommunication) to be a kind of with human body be signal transmission medium, is proposed by Massachusetts Institute Technology (MIT) Media Lab the earliest.Human body communication from as channel, realizes the data communication between electronic installation with human body.Relative to short-distance wireless communication technology, it has low-power consumption, the technical advantage such as anti-interference.In fail safe, human body communication adopts and transmits far below the ultra-weak electronic signal of International Telecommunication Union (InternationalTelecommunicationUnion) safety standard, its fail safe has obtained the accreditation of International Electrical and Electronic Engineering Association (IEEE, InstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers).IEEE official approval in 2012 towards in the IEEE802.15.6 standard of personal area network (PAN, PersonalAreaNetwork), human body communication technology is designated as a kind of important communication mode of its physical layer.
At present, human body communication technology is mainly used in solving the communication issue between human skin's Wearable transducer, is called " wearable human communication ", and seldom relates to the data communication of AMI in body.In fact, as previously mentioned, tissue, particularly musculature (most of AMI is implanted in muscle layer) have good conductive characteristic.As realized the data communication of AMI based on the conductive characteristic of tissue self, then can avoid the high problem of signal attenuation that in the body based on conventional wireless communication technology, Signal transmissions has, and then reduce the power consumption of implanted communication significantly, and improve its reliability.In addition, because the method is without the need to circuit such as the high power amplification needed for conventional wireless communication, high frequency modulated and demodulation, and without the need to applying for communications band, the microminiaturized degree and the application portability that improve AMI is very beneficial for.
At present, wearable human communication mainly comprises current coupling and capacitive coupling two kinds of patterns.Wherein, current coupling pattern is merely media implementation differential signal transmission with human body, owing to inevitably there is stronger coupling circuit between its differential electrode, thus cause the reduction (signal attenuation increase) of received signal strength, and its signal attenuation obviously increases along with the increase of transmission range.Comparatively speaking, the transmitting terminal ground electrode of capacitance coupling mode not with direct body contact, the coupling circuit between itself and signal electrode is relatively weak.Therefore, its signal attenuation is relatively little.There are some researches show: in wearable human communication, the signal attenuation of the capacitively coupled human body communication comparatively low about 20dB of current coupling type human body communication under equal conditions.
In sum, relative to Wearable current coupling type human body communication, Wearable capacitively coupled human body communication has lower signal attenuation.If realize implanted capacitively coupled human body communication, be then expected to obtain a kind of low-power consumption, safety, easily implantable electronic device communication means.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for solving the larger problem of existing implantable electronic device signal attenuation, proposing a kind of low deamplification coupling towards implantable electronic device and transmission method.
The inventive method principle is: first, sets up the capacitively coupled human body communication electrode towards implantable electronic device, comprising: miniature signal electrode, columnar metal ground electrode, the formations such as insulating material.Secondly, by launcher signal electrode, tissue, the receiver signal electrode of implantable electronic device, the output channel of signal is set up; Signal backward channel is set up by the insulating material of the receiver ground electrode of implantable electronic device and insulating material, tissue, reflector and ground electrode.Finally, form the signal circuit between implantable electronic device reflector, receiver, realizing take human body as the low deamplification transmission of medium.
Towards low deamplification coupling and the transmission method of implantable electronic device, specific implementation step is as follows:
Step one, designs and produces the capacitively coupled human body communication electrode towards implantable electronic device;
Towards the capacitively coupled human body communication electrode of implantable electronic device, comprise signal electrode, ground electrode and insulating material.Signal electrode is shaft-like carefully cylindrical (its diameter is less than or equal to 1/5 of ground electrode diameter), adopts the metal material with tissue bio-compatibility to make.
Ground electrode is hollow cylinder metal-back, and one of them end face has circular hole.Signal electrode inserts in hollow cylinder shell from circular hole, and its end exposes circular hole.
The cylindrical shell outer surface of ground electrode, circular hole are interior along all applying insulating material, make mutually to realize physical isolation between signal electrode, ground electrode, external environment condition three.
Step 2, generates implanted reflector and receiver;
Implanted emission electron device is placed in ground electrode housing, its signal transmitting terminal is connected with the signal electrode front end in communication electrodes, be connected with the ground electrode in communication electrodes with reference to ground end, obtain the implanted reflector based on capacitively coupled human body communication electrode.Emission electron device in reflector act as emissioning controling signal, the carrier frequency of launcher signal is determined according to the transmission characteristic of human body.
Implanted being received electronic installation is placed in another ground electrode housing, its signal receiving end is connected with the signal electrode front end in communication electrodes, be connected with the ground electrode of communication electrodes with reference to ground end, obtain the implanted receiver based on capacitively coupled human body communication electrode.
Step 3, by implanted reflector and implanted receiver implant into body tissue, separated by a distance, the signal electrode end of the two is relative.The signal electrode of implanted reflector, the signal electrode of implanted receiver all contact with tissue, and the ground electrode of reflector and receiver forms capacitive coupling by the insulating material of its outside and tissue.
Step 4, sets up implanted capacitively coupled human body communication passage;
Conductor characteristics based on tissue sets up signal output channels: launcher signal electrode → tissue → receiver signal electrode;
Signal backward channel is: receiver signal electrode → receiver ground electrode → insulating material → tissue → insulating material → reflector ground electrode → launcher signal electrode.
Signal output channels and signal backward channel form signal circuit, realize the signal coupling between implantable electronic device and transmission.
Launcher signal electrode in the inventive method, receiver signal electrode working frequency range are 1MHz-40MHz.
Beneficial effect
(1) low-power consumption: the present invention directly adopts the shell of implantable electronic device as ground electrode, adopts shaft-like thin cylinder in shell as signal electrode, and then utilizes the conductivity of human body to achieve communication in tissue.Simultaneously, owing to adopting cylindrical metal shell as implantable electronic device reflector, receiver ground electrode, increase the surface area of ground electrode to greatest extent, and then effectively enhance the signal coupling of backward channel, and then reduce signal attenuation, achieve the power down signal communication between implantable electronic device.
(2) signal attenuation and communication distance have nothing to do.Except the signal output channels based on tissue conductive characteristic, the signal backward channel that method proposed by the invention also has shell ground electrode, tissue is formed.Therefore, the correlation of its signal attenuation and human body signal transmission range is minimum.Even if this means that AMI or external measure and control device are positioned at human body different parts, all reliable data communication can be realized under the prerequisite of low-power consumption.
(3) fail safe: conventional wireless communication technology also inevitably will produce electromagnetic radiation biological effect (short-term shows as thermal effect) in human body, makes to sustain damage to the biological tissue of variations in temperature sensitivity.Because implanted human body communication utilizes the conductive characteristic of human body self to realize Signal transmissions, and power consumption is lower, can ensure its fail safe.
(4) convenience: because the method works in relatively low frequency range, without the need to the high frequency modulated needed for conventional wireless communication device, demodulation and power amplifier, and without the need to applying for communications band, be very beneficial for the microminiaturized degree and the application portability that improve embedded type device.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is implanted capacitively coupled human body communication electrode of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is low deamplification coupling and the transmission method schematic diagram of implantable electronic device in concrete enforcement;
Fig. 3 is the Experimental equipment of experimental verification in embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the experimental result based on the different transmission range signal attenuations of experimental provision in embodiment.
Label declaration: 1-signal electrode, 2-ground electrode, 3-insulating barrier, 4-implanted reflector, 5-implanted receiver, 6-signal output channels (coupled electric field between signal electrode), 7-signal backward channel (coupled electric field between ground electrode), the hand-held signal generator of 8-, the hand-held oscilloscope of 9-, 10-human body electromagnetic property simulated solution, 11-water tank.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described:
The present invention proposes a kind of low deamplification coupling towards implantable electronic device and transmission method, its human body communication electrode comprises signal electrode 1, ground electrode 2, insulating barrier 3, and as shown in Figure 1, Main Function and the structure of each part mentioned above are as follows:
(1) signal electrode 1 is shaft-like carefully cylindrical, adopts the metal material with tissue bio-compatibility to form.Adopt the copper product that conduction is good in the present embodiment, diameter is 2mm, and signal electrode exposed portion directly contacts with tissue.
(2) ground electrode 2 is hollow cylinder metal-back, and its end face has circular hole.Meanwhile, signal electrode 1 is positioned at hollow cylinder shell, and the end of signal electrode 1 exposes (signal electrode does not directly contact with circular hole) from circular hole.The copper product that in the present embodiment, ground electrode 2 adopts conduction good, diameter is 10mm,
(2) insulating barrier 3 is coated on edge in the hollow cylinder shell outer surface of ground electrode and circular hole thereof, makes to realize physical isolation between signal electrode, ground electrode, external environment condition.
As shown in Figure 2, when using the low deamplification coupling of implantable electronic device with transmission method, the course of work is as follows:
The first step, signal electrode in signal electrode in implanted reflector 4, implanted receiver 5 all contacts with tissue, and the conductor characteristics based on tissue sets up the signal output channels 6 be made up of launcher signal electrode, tissue, receiver signal electrode.
, in receiver earth signal electrode interior, between signal electrode 1 and ground electrode 2, there is capacitive coupling in second step.Meanwhile, the ground electrode of implanted receiver 5 and the ground electrode of implanted reflector 4 form capacitive coupling path by the insulating material coated by it and outside tissue.Finally, signal backward channel 7 is formed by the ground electrode (containing insulating barrier) of implanted receiver 5, tissue, implanted reflector ground electrode (containing insulating barrier).
3rd step, based on above-mentioned signal output channels 6, signal backward channel 7, forms signal circuit, and then realizes the Signal transmissions between implantable electronic device.
The experimental provision of embodiment checking as shown in Figure 3, implanted reflector 4 is simulated with the human body communication electrode of external hand-held signal generator 8 in experiment, simulate implanted receiver 5 with the human body communication electrode of external hand-held oscilloscope 9, simulate human body with the water tank that human body electromagnetic property simulated solution physiological saline 10 is housed.Fig. 4 is the experimental result based on experimental provision unlike signal transmission range, decays as can be seen from the results at 3MHz-40MHz kept stable and pad value is less than 40dB, and the size of synchronous signal decay does not change with the change of distance.Experimental result shows, can realize low decay based on proposed communication means, frequency stabilization and not by the implanted human body communication that transmission range affects.
Claims (2)
1., towards low deamplification coupling and the transmission method of implantable electronic device, it is characterized in that: specific implementation step is as follows:
Step one, designs and produces the capacitively coupled human body communication electrode towards implantable electronic device;
Towards the capacitively coupled human body communication electrode of implantable electronic device, comprise signal electrode, ground electrode and insulating material; Signal electrode is shaft-like cylindrical, adopts the metal material with tissue bio-compatibility to make;
Ground electrode is hollow cylinder metal-back, and one of them end face has circular hole; Signal electrode inserts in hollow cylinder shell from circular hole, and its end exposes circular hole;
The cylindrical shell outer surface of ground electrode, circular hole are interior along all applying insulating material, mutually realize physical isolation between signal electrode, ground electrode, external environment condition three;
Step 2, generates implanted reflector and receiver;
Implanted emission electron device is placed in ground electrode housing, its signal transmitting terminal is connected with the signal electrode front end in communication electrodes, be connected with the ground electrode in communication electrodes with reference to ground end, obtain the implanted reflector based on capacitively coupled human body communication electrode;
Implanted being received electronic installation is placed in another ground electrode housing, its signal receiving end is connected with the signal electrode front end in communication electrodes, be connected with the ground electrode of communication electrodes with reference to ground end, obtain the implanted receiver based on capacitively coupled human body communication electrode; Signal electrode diameter is less than or equal to 1/5 of ground electrode diameter;
Step 3, by implanted reflector and implanted receiver implant into body tissue, separated by a distance, the signal electrode end of the two is relative; The signal electrode of implanted reflector, the signal electrode of implanted receiver all contact with tissue, and the ground electrode of reflector and receiver forms capacitive coupling by the insulating material of its outside and tissue;
Step 4, sets up implanted capacitively coupled human body communication passage;
Conductor characteristics based on tissue sets up signal output channels, this output channel from launcher signal electrode, successively through tissue, receiver signal electrode;
Signal backward channel from receiver signal electrode, successively through receiver ground electrode, insulating material, tissue, insulating material, reflector ground electrode, launcher signal electrode;
Signal output channels and signal backward channel form signal circuit, realize the signal coupling between implantable electronic device and transmission.
2. the low deamplification coupling towards implantable electronic device according to claim 1 and transmission method, is characterized in that: the signal electrode of implanted reflector, the signal electrode working frequency range of implanted receiver are 1MHz-40MHz.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310467705.XA CN103532637B (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2013-10-09 | Towards low deamplification coupling and the transmission method of implantable electronic device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310467705.XA CN103532637B (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2013-10-09 | Towards low deamplification coupling and the transmission method of implantable electronic device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103532637A CN103532637A (en) | 2014-01-22 |
| CN103532637B true CN103532637B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
Family
ID=49934360
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310467705.XA Expired - Fee Related CN103532637B (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2013-10-09 | Towards low deamplification coupling and the transmission method of implantable electronic device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103532637B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104340956B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-03-15 | 上海交通大学 | Implantable multichannel flexible micro-pipe electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN106618499B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2020-11-10 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Fall detection device, fall detection method and device |
| EP3717061B1 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2021-12-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | Tissue conduction communication using ramped drive signal |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1721014A (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-01-18 | 伊西康内外科公司 | Low frequency transcutaneous energy transfer to implanted medical device |
| CN102571215A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Health service network based on intra-body communication system |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6204138B1 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2001-03-20 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Method for fabricating a MOSFET device structure which facilitates mitigation of junction capacitance and floating body effects |
| DE102006037510B3 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-04-10 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | A method for producing a trench structure, the use of this method for producing a semiconductor device and semiconductor device having a trench structure |
| US20080046037A1 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2008-02-21 | Haubrich Gregory J | Wireless Communication Network for an Implantable Medical Device System |
-
2013
- 2013-10-09 CN CN201310467705.XA patent/CN103532637B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1721014A (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-01-18 | 伊西康内外科公司 | Low frequency transcutaneous energy transfer to implanted medical device |
| CN102571215A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Health service network based on intra-body communication system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Intra-body communication for biomedical sensor networks;MARC SIMON WEGMULLER;《ETH ZURICH,vol.Phd Zurich:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich(ETH)》;20071231;第18-19页(正文第6页第1段到第7页第2段,图1.3,图1.4）,第26-28页(正文第14页表格2.1至第16页第2段, 图2.1,图2.2）,第111-112页(正文第99页第2段至第100页第2段, 图7.1) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103532637A (en) | 2014-01-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Zhao et al. | A review on human body communication: Signal propagation model, communication performance, and experimental issues | |
| Celik et al. | The internet of bodies: A systematic survey on propagation characterization and channel modeling | |
| Pun et al. | Quasi-static modeling of human limb for intra-body communications with experiments | |
| Callejon et al. | Distributed circuit modeling of galvanic and capacitive coupling for intrabody communication | |
| Wolf et al. | Thermal considerations for the design of an implanted cortical brain–machine interface (BMI) | |
| Fujii et al. | Electric field distributions of wearable devices using the human body as a transmission channel | |
| CN103532637B (en) | Towards low deamplification coupling and the transmission method of implantable electronic device | |
| Bereuter et al. | Fundamental characterization of conductive intracardiac communication for leadless multisite pacemaker systems | |
| Mao et al. | A self-adaptive capacitive compensation technique for body channel communication | |
| Sasaki et al. | Intrabody communication using contact electrodes in low-frequency bands | |
| Maldari et al. | Wide frequency characterization of intra-body communication for leadless pacemakers | |
| Khaleghi et al. | Conductive impulse for wireless communication in dual-chamber leadless pacemakers | |
| Vasić et al. | Preliminary characterization of capacitive intrabody communication channel under implantable-like conditions | |
| Islam et al. | Performance evaluation of magnetic resonance coupling method for intra-body network (IBNet) | |
| Li et al. | A review of implant intra-body communication | |
| Tang et al. | Channel characterization for galvanic coupled in vivo biomedical devices | |
| Noormohammadi et al. | Conductive backscatter communication for dual-chamber leadless pacemakers | |
| Li et al. | Characterization of the implantable intra-body communication based on capacitive coupling by transfer function | |
| Gao et al. | A preliminary two dimensional model for Intra-body Communication of Body Sensor Networks | |
| WO2022174213A1 (en) | Network physical layer configurations for ambulatory physiological parameter monitoring and therapeutic intervention systems | |
| Ibrahim et al. | Body Mass Index (BMI) effect on galvanic coupling intra-body communication | |
| Nagata et al. | Signal propagation analysis for near-field intra-body communication systems | |
| Razak et al. | BFSK modulation to compare intra-body communication methods for foot plantar pressure measurement | |
| Okamoto et al. | Measurement of electrode–tissue interface impedance for improvement of a transcutaneous data transmission using human body as transmission medium | |
| Green et al. | Telemetry for implantable biosensors |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150930 Termination date: 20161009 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |