CN103532176A - 用于电储能器的感应充电的充电装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于电储能器的感应充电的充电装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN103532176A
CN103532176A CN201310265571.3A CN201310265571A CN103532176A CN 103532176 A CN103532176 A CN 103532176A CN 201310265571 A CN201310265571 A CN 201310265571A CN 103532176 A CN103532176 A CN 103532176A
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G.巴赫迈尔
C.巴赫曼
D.伯格曼
M.塞里亚克斯
R.弗赖塔格
M.格尔利希
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Abstract

用于电储能器的感应充电的充电装置和方法。本发明涉及一种用于汽车的电储能器的感应充电的充电装置，该充电装置具有汽车侧的线圈和车道侧的线圈（12），其特征在于，在车道侧的线圈（12）的范围中布置至少一个温度传感器（14），并且在汽车侧的线圈的范围中布置至少一个热源。

Description

用于电储能器的感应充电的充电装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1的前序部分的用于电储能器的感应充电的充电装置以及一种按照权利要求7的前序部分的用于电储能器的感应充电的方法。
背景技术
在汽车蓄电池的感应充电时，从地面侧的线圈向车辆侧的线圈无接触地传输电能。为了达到在能量传输时的最佳的效率，必须使汽车正确对准地面侧的线圈，使得该地面侧的线圈与车辆侧的线圈重叠。
为了在驾驶者的汽车正确定位时支持该驾驶者，已知这样的系统，在该系统情况下通过较小的辅助线圈的通信来检验定位。所述辅助线圈中的一个作为发送线圈集成在车道侧的线圈系统中，并且其他的辅助线圈作为接收线圈集成在车辆侧的线圈系统中。这些线圈之间的信号传输可能受到能量传输的电磁场的不利干扰。信号传送的分析处理也是计算强度很大的，并在车辆中要求性能强大的计算单元，从而产生了可观的成本。
还已知用于超声波测位的方法，不过这些方法由于其抗污染的脆弱性同样是成问题的。
从DE 102009015753 A1中描述了一种具有用于至少一台电动车辆的集成充电功能的停车场，其中停车场包括至少一个具有停车位置能量监控设备的停车位置。在此，车辆能量监控设备可以相对于车辆运动并且本身具有用于检测相对位置的传感器。这种位置传感器可以构成为光学的或微波传感器。
此外，DE 10 2005 053 111 A1描述了一种用于无接触的能量传输的方法。可以将用于位置确定的相应装置用于能量用户的定位。可以将用于检测最小温度变化的位置的IR发送机或热图像摄像机用于位置确定。
此外，从WO 2012/047779 A1中已知一种用于车辆的充电装置。在此，可以在汽车侧或车道侧设置可以用于检测物体的温度传感器。最后，DE 10 2009 033 236 A1描述了一种用于对电能进行感应传输的装置，在该装置中设置附加的温度传感器，以便检测与周围环境相比具有更高温度的生物。
发明内容
因此本发明所基于的任务在于，提供一种按照权利要求1的前序部分的充电装置以及一种按照权利要求7的前序部分的方法，该装置和方法以简单的、可靠的和成本有利的方式便于汽车相对于车道侧的感应线圈定位。
通过具有权利要求1的特征的充电装置以及通过具有权利要求7的特征的方法来解决该任务。
用于汽车的电储能器的感应充电的这种充电装置包括用于传输电能的汽车侧的和车道侧的线圈。
在此根据本发明规定，在车道侧的线圈的范围中布置至少一个温度传感器，并且在汽车侧的线圈的范围中布置至少一个热源。在此在充电过程开始时激活汽车侧的热源，并且借助车道侧的温度传感器探测该热源，使得能够以简单和稳健的方式检验汽车是否处于正确的位置。
在此温度传感器优选构成为热电薄膜。这样的传感器相对于污染和其他外部影响是特别稳健的，所述其他外部影响如在充电时出现的电磁场。
优选在车道侧的线圈的范围中布置多个温度传感器，以便因此在探测汽车位置时实现特别良好的位置分辨率。
在此特别适宜的是，沿着围绕车道侧的线圈的扫描场（Raster）布置多个温度传感器。在此还有利的是，越靠近车道侧的线圈布置相邻的传感器，这些相邻的传感器的间距就越小。由此实现了汽车位置的特别精确的探测。
在本发明的一种替代的扩展方案中，温度传感器可以构成为带状的并且以两层相叠地布置，其中第一和第二层的温度传感器的主延伸方向互相之间包围基本上90o的角度。由此可以用特别少量的传感器来达到特别高的位置分辨率。
本发明还涉及一种用于相对于汽车电储能器用的车道侧的感应充电装置定位汽车的方法，其中使车道侧的线圈与汽车侧的线圈重叠并且确定汽车的正确定位，其方式是借助汽车侧的信号输出装置生成在汽车的正确定位时可由车道侧的接收装置接收的信号，其中在充电过程开始时激活至少一个热源并且借助至少一个温度传感器来探测所述至少一个热源。
在此根据本发明规定，将热源用作为信号输出装置，并且将至少一个温度传感器用作为接收装置。
如借助本发明充电装置已经阐述的那样，可以以该方式提出一种特别稳健的和成本有利的可能性来检验汽车相对于车道侧的线圈的正确定位。
在此特别适宜地将多个温度传感器用作为接收装置，其中在接收信号时通过温度传感器之一根据进行接收的温度传感器到车道侧的线圈的间距来确定汽车的位置相对于额定位置的偏差。由此实现了汽车位置的特别准确的检查，其中基于所确定的间距或所确定的偏差可以生成给汽车驾驶者的相应指示，从而该驾驶者可以修正错误定位。
在本发明的另一扩展方案中，将多个带状的、以两层相叠布置的温度传感器用作为接收装置，这些温度传感器的主延伸方向互相之间包围90o的角度，其中在接收信号时通过第一层的一个温度传感器和第二层的一个温度传感器根据这些温度传感器到车道侧的线圈的间距来确定汽车的位置相对于额定位置的偏差。
如上面已经阐述的那样，因此可以用特别少量的车道侧的传感器实现特别准确的位置确定，使得可以节省附加传感器的成本，而不损害精度。
附图说明
以下借助附图详细阐述本发明及其实施形式。
图1示出本发明充电装置的实施例的地面侧传感器系统的示意图，
图2示出在探测到正确定位的汽车时的根据图1的传感器系统，
图3示出本发明充电装置的实施例的替代传感器装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于汽车通过地面侧的感应充电系统的定位，在地面侧的充电线圈12的范围中布置传感器装置10。传感器装置10由划分成各个传感器区14的热电薄膜组成，并且为了清晰起见没有绘出所有的传感器区14。因此总共提供了由7x9个传感器区14组成的矩阵。
在要充电汽车的感应线圈的范围中，布置有在充电过程开始时被激活的热源。理想的是，热源安放在车辆侧线圈的中心，因为这样的话位置测量系统的测量范围是最大的。热源可以构成为点辐射器、面辐射器或准直的辐射器。
按照车辆在地面侧的线圈12上方的位置而定，由热源辐照不同的传感器区14，结果这些传感器区14发热，使得在其上施加电压。该电压可以被简单地、例如通过感应充电系统的控制设备中的后接有模数转换器的运算放大电路探测到和分析处理。
如果在准确处于地面侧线圈12的中心的中央传感器区D4中探测到热信号16，则可以识别出车辆相对于充电装置正确地定位。如果在任何传感器区14中都没有探测到信号，则拒绝充电开启。如果汽车侧的加热装置的热信号落到不同于中央传感器区D4的另一个传感器区上，则控制设备识别出汽车被错误地定位。在此情况下，充电装置可以提供相应的显示，所述显示让驾驶者看出他必须修正其位置，使得车辆侧的线圈与地面侧的线圈12重叠。
代替在图1和2中所示出的传感器装置10——所述传感器装置10分别具有必须个别布线和分析处理的总共63个个别的传感器区14，也可以应用如在图3中示意地示出的传感器装置。传感器区14在这里构成为带并且以两层相叠布置，其中带在两个层中的主延伸方向基本上互相垂直。
这种传感器装置10用总共16个传感器就足够了，却达到了与根据图1和2的传感器装置10相同的位置分辨率。正确定位的汽车在这里会激活沿着列D的带状传感器以及沿着列4的带状传感器，从而从两个传感器的共同的激活中可以推断出线圈处于重叠中。
此外可以在传感器装置10的跨度上改变传感器区14的大小。通常，在靠近地面侧线圈12的中心处需要比在边缘区域处更大的位置分辨率，在所述边缘区域处只须向驾驶者给出方向建议，由此必要时也可以节省传感器，从而简化传感器装置10的构造。
因此总体上提出了一种这样的系统，该系统相对于污染和电磁干扰辐射是稳健的并且同时由于纯粹无源的测量原理而不需要昂贵的操控电子装置。在车辆侧也只需要可以很简单实现的热源。该系统因此是非常成本有利的，并且仍能实现高的位置分辨率，并且因此实现汽车的准确定位。

Claims (9)

1.用于汽车电储能器的感应充电的充电装置，该充电装置具有汽车侧的线圈和车道侧的线圈（12），
其特征在于，
在车道侧的线圈（12）的范围中布置至少一个温度传感器（14），并且在汽车侧的线圈的范围中布置至少一个热源，其中在充电过程开始时能激活所述至少一个热源，并且借助所述至少一个温度传感器（14）能探测所述至少一个热源。
2.按照权利要求1的充电装置，
其特征在于，所述温度传感器（14）构成为热电薄膜。
3.按照权利要求2的充电装置，
其特征在于，在车道侧的线圈的范围中布置多个温度传感器（14）。
4.按照权利要求3的充电装置，
其特征在于，沿着围绕车道侧的线圈（12）的扫描场布置多个温度传感器（14）。
5.按照权利要求4的充电装置，
其特征在于，越靠近车道侧的线圈（12）布置相邻的传感器（14），这些相邻的传感器（14）的间距就越小。
6.按照权利要求3的充电装置，
其特征在于，温度传感器（14）构成为带状的并且以两层相叠布置，其中第一和第二层的温度传感器（14）的主延伸方向互相之间包围基本上90o的角度。
7.用于相对于汽车电储能器用的车道侧的感应充电装置定位汽车的方法，其中使车道侧的线圈（12）与汽车侧的线圈重叠并且确定汽车的正确定位，其方式是借助汽车侧的信号输出装置生成在汽车的正确定位时能由车道侧的接收装置（14）接收的信号，
其特征在于，
将热源用作为信号输出装置，并且将至少一个温度传感器（14）用作为接收装置，其中在充电过程开始时激活至少一个热源并且借助至少一个温度传感器（14）来探测所述至少一个热源。
8.按照权利要求7的方法，
其特征在于，将多个温度传感器（14）用作为接收装置，其中在接收信号时通过温度传感器（14）之一根据进行接收的温度传感器（14）到车道侧的线圈（12）的间距来确定汽车的位置相对于额定位置的偏差。
9.按照权利要求8的方法，
其特征在于，将多个带状的、以两层相叠布置的温度传感器（14）用作为接收装置，所述温度传感器（14）的主延伸方向互相之间包围90o的角度，其中在接收信号时通过第一层的一个温度传感器（14）和第二层的一个温度传感器（14）根据这些温度传感器（14）到车道侧的线圈（12）的间距来确定汽车的位置相对于额定位置的偏差。
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