CN103528885A - Method for testing elasticity moduli of coatings - Google Patents
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- CN103528885A CN103528885A CN201310449859.6A CN201310449859A CN103528885A CN 103528885 A CN103528885 A CN 103528885A CN 201310449859 A CN201310449859 A CN 201310449859A CN 103528885 A CN103528885 A CN 103528885A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for testing elasticity moduli of coatings. Coatings are deposited on surfaces of matrix samples and are boned with dual samples by using high-strength glue; load displacement curves of boned samples are tested by using a tensile testing machine; and the curves are compared with a tensile testing result of a sample formed by bonding two matrix samples with deposition layers, so that elasticity modulus values perpendicular to the surface directions of the coatings during tensile processes of the coatings are obtained. The method makes up various disadvantages of a conventional surface coating testing technology. The advantages are as follows: a bending method can only be used for testing coating elasticity moduli parallel to the surface directions; and an indentation method is only can be used for testing local mechanical properties of the coatings and complexity of an ultrasonic testing method. The technical requirement for testing the elasticity moduli perpendicular to the surface directions of the coatings conveniently and reliably can be met. The method is applicable to measurement of indexes of elasticity moduli perpendicular to the surface directions of various surface coatings.
Description
Technical field
The method of a kind of testing coating elastic modulus provided by the present invention, belongs to Parts Surface Coating mechanics performance testing technology field, is applicable to the test of various surface coating axial modulus of elasticity, can be in the widespread use of sufacing engineering field.
Background technology
Abrasion and corrosion is the main damage form that causes various machinery and engineering parts, and the economic loss causing is thus very huge.As everyone knows, attrition and attack be under arms in process the loss gradually because of surfacing cause its size and performance can not meet design requirement ultimate failure.In order effectively to address the above problem, surface engineering technology arises at the historic moment, and once by US Department of Commerce, is listed in one of seven large gordian techniquies that affect 21 century human lives.Even to this day, sufacing has become the important component part of modern manufacture and re-manufacturing technology.Therefore, the Performance Testing Technology of surface coating is also badly in need of corresponding development.
Surface coating is due at generally thinner (tens microns to several millimeters thick) aspect thickness, so there is many difficulties aspect Mechanics Performance Testing.For the elastic modulus of coating, present method of testing mainly contains bending method, indentation method and ultrasound method for testing.These methods cut both ways.Wherein, bending method (as three-point bending, four-point bending) is on plane plate specimen, to prepare coating, at coating opposite side imposed load, cause matrix and coating to occur bending and deformation, the load and displacement that records deformation process changes, and utilizes corresponding software or algorithm to calculate coating elastic modulus simultaneously.The elastic modulus that bending method calculates is the elastic mould value that coating is parallel to surface direction, and coating is due to its special microstructure, it is parallel to surface direction and also unequal perpendicular to the elastic mould value of surface direction.Indentation method (as Nu Shi indentation method, Using Nanoindentation) is to utilize material to produce elastic-plastic deformation under special pressure head effect, obtains the consistency and elasticity modulus numerical value of material by recording impression size, the degree of depth and loading of pressing in.The numerical value that indentation method is surveyed is mainly the material property that has reacted impression near zone, can not represent bulk material properties, especially for some composite coatings (as WC-Co wear-resistant coating) and concrete dynamic modulus coating (as thermal barrier coating), the mechanical property of local microcell and whole mechanics performance difference are sizable.Ultrasound method for testing refers to be sidelong and put sound wave generating device at material, and acoustic detection device is placed in another time, utilizes the communication theory of ultrasound wave in coatings and substrate to calculate the elastic modulus of material.Supercritical ultrasonics technology can calculate the elastic mould value of coating all directions in theory, but equipment and computing method relative complex, at present also in laboratory stage.
In sum, in order to solve coating integral body perpendicular to a measurement difficult problem for surface direction elastic modulus, in the urgent need to studying a kind of new method of testing.Therefore, this patent has been studied the measuring technology of a kind of handled easily, good reliability, can measure accurately and effectively coating integral body perpendicular to the elastic modulus of surface direction, in the Mechanics Performance Testing field of various sufacings, has a wide range of applications.
Summary of the invention
For solving all limitations in current surface coating measuring technology, for example bending method can only be tested the coating elastic modulus that is parallel to surface direction, indentation method can only testing coating Local Mechanical Property and the very complicated of ultrasound method for testing, can not meet and test out easily and reliably coating perpendicular to the technical need of surface direction elastic modulus, the invention provides a kind of testing coating perpendicular to the method for surface direction elastic modulus, its object is by painting being deposited upon to matrix specimen surface cementing with antithesis sample, utilize the tensile stress strain curve of universal testing machine test sample, by not contrasting with there is no the control sample stretch test result of deposited coatings, obtain the elastic mould value in drawing process of coating.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The method of a kind of testing coating elastic modulus of the present invention, comprises the steps:
A, matrix sample is become to cylindrical or slab, for deposited coatings sample and antithesis sample;
B, sample waited to deposit a side carry out surface preparation, by required coating preparation at deposition specimen surface;
C, by the surface preparation of evolving of antithesis sample, with high strength glue bond deposited coatings sample and antithesis sample;
D, select two antithesis samples to carry out surface preparation, then with same glue, bond;
F, the sample cementing is carried out to tension test with cupping machine, the load recording in drawing process is moved (F-D) curve;
G, according to formula
with
wherein σ is stress, and F is load, and S is specimen cross sectional area, and ε is sample axial strain, and D is displacement, and L is the total length of cementing rear two samples, by F-D curvilinear transformation, is σ-ε curve.
H, calculating deposited coatings sample and antithesis sample σ-ε slope of a curve are designated as k
1, two antithesis sample σ-ε slope of a curves are designated as k
2; Substitution formula
calculate the elastic modulus E of coating.
I, every kind of coating are according to the step test from a to g at least five times, the elastic mould value perpendicular to surface direction as coating of then averaging.
Described matrix sample is: be used for deposited coatings and prepare antithesis sample, when material can be worked according to institute's testing coating, matrix is chosen, also can be with general mild carbon steel, be machined to cylindrical or slab, cylindrical sample top one side need to process the screw that can be installed on cupping machine, and other surface requirements processing are smooth.
Described antithesis sample requires and treats that size, material and the processing of deposited coatings sample are just the same.
Described surface preparation is: a side surface for the treatment of deposited coatings sample and antithesis sample is cleaned up, then carry out blasting treatment.
Described bonding glue, can choose according to institute's test material, and General Requirements cohesive strength surpasses 30 MPas.In addition, there is no other special requirement.Can adopt as industrial glue such as E-7 epoxy adhesive, EVA solid thermal melten gel and A-608 series macromolecular films.
Described tension test can be carried out on general universal testing machine, need to have corresponding data acquisition system (DAS), is used for recording the load displacement data of drawing process.
Described five mean values of measurement, require five numerical value repeatability better, if wherein certain numerical value obviously departs from other data, need to retest.
Testing coating elastic modulus method provided by the invention, can accurately measure coating perpendicular to the elastic modulus numerical value of surface direction, sample preparation is simple, test equipment needed thereby is general material stretch test machine, can test with other coating quality indexs such as bond strengths simultaneously, reduced coating Mechanics Performance Testing cost, and computation process is simple and clear.
In sum, the method of a kind of testing coating elastic modulus provided by the present invention, by painting being deposited upon to matrix specimen surface cementing with antithesis sample, utilize the load displacement curve of cupping machine test sample, by not contrasting with there is no the control sample stretch test result of deposited coatings, obtain the elastic mould value in drawing process of coating.The present invention has made up all deficiencies in existing surface coating measuring technology, for example bending method can only test be parallel to the coating elastic modulus, indentation method of surface direction can only testing coating Local Mechanical Property and the very complicated of ultrasound method for testing, can meet and test out easily and reliably coating perpendicular to the technical need of surface direction elastic modulus.This invention is applicable to various surface coatings to measure perpendicular to the elastic modulus index of surface direction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: required matrix sample processing dimension during test spray-on coating sample;
Fig. 2: spraying sample and the cementing schematic diagram of antithesis sample;
Fig. 3: two cementing schematic diagram of antithesis sample;
Fig. 4: HVAF WC-12wt.%Co coating sample extension test load displacement curve;
Fig. 5: in Fig. 4, AB section converts stress-strain diagram to.
Embodiment
The method of a kind of testing coating elastic modulus provided by the present invention is mainly comprised of four steps: prepare sample sample used, comprise coating deposition sample, antithesis sample, and stick with glue knot make containing coating and not containing the tensile sample of coating; Carry out tensile sample, record experimental data; Process experimental data, according to corresponding mathematics model, calculate coating perpendicular to the elastic modulus of surface direction; At least repeat sample 5 times, average as test net result.
Fig. 1 is matrix sample processing dimension required while testing spray-on coating sample.This figure is only as embodiment explanation, and do not mean that and limit the invention to particular forms disclosed, and this programme is only open in the mode of example, unless otherwise specified.
Spraying sample and antithesis sample are all processed into the cylindrical of diameter 25.4mm, and wherein a side need to process the screw of M12, for being arranged on universal testing machine.In the present embodiment, specimen length is processed as 50mm, and screw hole depth is processed as 25mm.Sample after processing is first cleaned, be then arranged on fixing jig, carry out sandblast roughening treatment, generally once test at least 5 samples, so jig is generally designed to install five cylinder samples.Sample after sandblast is fixed, according to the spray parameters of design in advance, adjust the distance between sample and spray gun, then spray.The sample not spraying after sandblast can be directly as antithesis sample.
Fig. 2 is spraying sample and the cementing schematic diagram of antithesis sample.
By the antithesis sample after the sample having sprayed and sandblast, first with alcohol and acetone, clean to be bonded.After cleaning, put into special-purpose jig, this jig need to guarantee the right alignment of two samples to be bonded, can apply at sample two ends adjustable pressure.The present embodiment floating coat is the WC-12wt.%Co coating of HVAF, and matrix material is GCr15 steel, and bonding is E-7 epoxy adhesive with glue.In bonding process, sample two ends apply the pressure of 30N, are heated to 100 ℃ and solidify 2 hours, and air cooling keeps pressure to place 8～10 hours.
Fig. 3 is two cementing schematic diagram of antithesis sample.
When the adhesive method of two antithesis samples and glue consumption and spraying sample and antithesis sample bonding, be consistent as far as possible, can reduce like this discreteness of test figure, make the coating elastic modulus testing out more approach objective reality value.
Fig. 4 is HVAF WC-12wt.%Co coating sample extension test load displacement curve.
WC-12wt.%Co coating in the present embodiment adopts HVAF deposition techniques on GCr15 steel, and spray parameters used is that oxygen flow is 100L/min, and flow rate of propane gas is 17L/min, and spray distance is 275mm, uses pressure-air cooling after spray; In figure for spraying sample and antithesis sample the extension test data after cementing, load displacement curve incipient stage linearity is not fine, comes from the reasons such as gap of equipment and jig.In the curve stage below, as AB section, show good linearity, can reflect the linear elasticity behavior of test material.
Fig. 5: in Fig. 4, AB section converts stress-strain diagram to.
By AB section in Fig. 4 according to Stress calculation formula
with strain computing formula
change into stress-strain diagram, wherein σ is stress, and F is load, and (in the present embodiment, S is 506.7mm to S specimen cross sectional area
2), ε is sample axial strain, and D is displacement, and L is cementing rear two sample total lengths (in the present embodiment, L is 100mm).Rate of curve after conversion is the elastic modulus of equal value of the bulk sample after whole spraying sample and antithesis sample bonding, in the present embodiment, is 2310.24MPa, is designated as k
1.
Two antithesis samples stick with glue after knot, use the same method and carry out tension test and data processing with equipment, can obtain two elastic modulus of equal value after antithesis samples bonding, are designated as k
2, in the present embodiment, be 2335.12MPa.Utilize the elastic modulus computing formula of coating to be
, the elastic modulus that can calculate this coating is 216.83GMa.Then, repeating 4 tests successively according to above-mentioned steps, calculate corresponding elastic mould value, is respectively 223.17GMa, 185.12GMa, 194.21GMa and 215.02GMa, and then on average can to obtain final test value be 206.87GMa to five groups of data.This value can be used as this HVAF WC-12wt.%Co coating perpendicular to the elastic modulus of surface direction.
As mentioned above, testing coating elastic modulus method provided by the invention, by painting being deposited upon to matrix specimen surface cementing with antithesis sample, utilize the load displacement curve of cupping machine test sample, by not contrasting with there is no the control sample stretch test result of deposited coatings, obtain the elastic mould value in drawing process of coating.The present invention has made up all deficiencies in existing surface coating measuring technology, for example bending method can only test be parallel to the coating elastic modulus, indentation method of surface direction can only testing coating Local Mechanical Property and the very complicated of ultrasound method for testing, can accurately measure coating perpendicular to the elastic modulus numerical value of surface direction, sample preparation is simple, test equipment needed thereby is general material stretch test machine, can test with other quality index such as bond strength of coating simultaneously, reduced coating Mechanics Performance Testing cost, and computation process is simple and clear.
By the description of the drawings and corresponding embodiment, the present invention is described as mentioned above.But be understood that, wherein in an embodiment about the description of size, type and the material category of test sample or test specimen and do not mean that and limit the invention to particular forms disclosed, this programme is only open in the mode of example, unless otherwise specified.
Claims (8)
1. the method for testing coating elastic modulus, it is characterized in that by painting is deposited upon matrix specimen surface and with the high strength glue bond of antithesis sample, utilize the load displacement curve of the rear sample of cupping machine test bonding, by the cementing sample tensile test result forming of two matrix samples with there is no deposited coatings, contrast, draw coating elastic mould value perpendicular to coating surface direction in drawing process.
2. the method for testing coating elastic modulus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A) matrix sample is processed into cylindrical or slab, for deposited coatings sample and antithesis sample;
B) sample is waited to deposit a side and carry out surface preparation, required coating preparation is being deposited to specimen surface;
C) antithesis sample is carried out to surface preparation, with high strength glue bond deposited coatings sample and antithesis sample;
D) select two antithesis samples to carry out surface preparation, then with same glue, bond;
E) sample cementing is carried out to tension test with cupping machine, record load displacement (F-D) curve in drawing process;
F) according to formula
with
, wherein σ is stress, and F is load, and S is specimen cross sectional area, and ε is sample axle
To strain, D is displacement, and L is the total length of cementing rear two samples, by F-D curvilinear transformation, is σ-ε curve.
G) calculate deposited coatings sample and antithesis sample σ-ε slope of a curve and be designated as k
1, two antithesis sample σ-ε curves tiltedly
Rate is designated as k
2; Substitution formula
, calculate the elastic modulus E of coating.
H) every kind of coating is according to the step test from a to g at least five times, the elastic mould value perpendicular to surface direction as coating of then averaging.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that part material when matrix sample material adopts institute's testing coating to be specifically on active service, or adopts mild carbon steel.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that matrix sample is machined into cylindrical or slab, and cylindrical sample top one side need to process the screw being installed on cupping machine; Wherein antithesis sample with treat that size, material and the processing of deposited coatings sample are just the same.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described surface preparation is that a side surface of matrix sample is cleaned up, and then carries out blasting treatment, comprises and treats deposited coatings sample and antithesis sample.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described bonding glue, according to institute's test material, chooses, and requires cohesive strength to surpass 30 MPas.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described tension test, on universal testing machine, carries out, and need to have corresponding data acquisition system (DAS), is used for recording the load displacement data of drawing process.
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described elastic mould value is the mean value of duplicate measurements five times, requires five numerical value repeatability better, if wherein certain numerical value obviously departs from other data, needs to retest.
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| CN105352802A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-24 | 合肥工业大学 | Lamellar optical cement elasticity modulus testing method and sample |
| CN105486632A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-13 | 银邦金属复合材料股份有限公司 | Measuring method for bonding strength of metallic composite, sample and sample manufacturing method |
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