CN103528550B - A kind of lossless detection method of pearl pearl layer thickness - Google Patents
A kind of lossless detection method of pearl pearl layer thickness Download PDFInfo
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- CN103528550B CN103528550B CN201310477690.5A CN201310477690A CN103528550B CN 103528550 B CN103528550 B CN 103528550B CN 201310477690 A CN201310477690 A CN 201310477690A CN 103528550 B CN103528550 B CN 103528550B
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Abstract
The lossless detection method that the invention discloses a kind of pearl pearl layer thickness, comprises the following steps: standard ball is arranged between X ray radioactive source and imaging plane, the centre of sphere of standard ball is positioned on consult straight line; Utilize X ray radioactive source to irradiate standard ball, thereby on imaging plane, obtain a standard ball image, the radius R of measurement standard spheroid image0, calculate proportionality coefficient μ=r0/R0, wherein, r0For the radius of standard ball; Pearl to be measured is arranged between X ray radioactive source and imaging device, the centre of sphere of pearl to be measured is positioned on consult straight line; Utilize X ray radioactive source to irradiate pearl to be measured, thereby on imaging plane, obtain pearl image to be measured, pearl image to be measured comprises the pearl tomographic image of pearl core image and ring-type, measures the radius R of pearl image to be measured1And the radius R of pearl core image2, the radius of pearl to be measured is r1＝μR1, the radius of pearl core is r2＝μR2, pearl layer thickness is r=r1-r2. Error based in computational process of the present invention is controlled, and measurement result is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection method of pearl pearl layer, relate in particular to a kind of treasure who utilizes X ray radioactive sourceThe lossless detection method of pearl pearl layer thickness.
Background technology
Pearl is an opaque spherula, people be easy to from the color to pearl in appearance, gloss,Circularity, specification size and fineness are differentiated. If want to understand in depth the internal structure of pearl, oneAs to just can accomplish by the mode of punching or dissect, can make pearl be destroyed but do like this.
Along with the development of computer technology, people mainly use X ray technology and optical coherence tomography at presentImaging technique carries out Non-Destructive Testing to pearl. These new results are applied to pearl detection field, more effectiveSolved the difficult problem of " Characterization of Pearl and quantitatively detect ". But current X ray becomes with optical coherence tomographyHave some defects as technology, specifically, general X ray detection technique is directly by tested pearlImage calculate the radius of pearl, there is error in the measurement of various parameters in this process, especiallySome parameters cannot measure to the distance of pearl internal point B as radiographic source, and this just causes being difficult toRecord the radius r of tested pearl0, the resultant error uncontrollable (as shown in Figure 1) of calculating.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides the harmless of the controlled pearl pearl layer thickness of a kind of errorDetection method.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A lossless detection method for pearl pearl layer thickness, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, imaging device provide an imaging plane, X ray radioactive source and described imaging plane itBetween plan that one is parallel to the consult straight line of described imaging plane, standard ball is arranged on to described X ray and putsPenetrate between source and described imaging plane, and the centre of sphere of described standard ball is positioned on described consult straight line;
Step 2, utilize described X ray radioactive source to irradiate described standard ball, thus flat in described imagingOn face, obtain a standard ball image, measure the radius R of described standard ball image0, calculate proportionality coefficientμ＝r0/R0, wherein, r0For the radius of described standard ball;
Step 3, pearl to be measured is arranged between X ray radioactive source and imaging device, and described in makingThe centre of sphere of pearl to be measured is also positioned on described consult straight line, and described pearl to be measured comprises pearl core and ring-typePearl layer, described pearl core is positioned at described Zhu Ceng center;
Step 4, utilize described X ray radioactive source to irradiate described pearl to be measured, thus flat in described imagingOn face, obtain pearl image to be measured, described pearl image to be measured comprises the pearl tomographic image of pearl core image and ring-type,Measure the radius R of described pearl image to be measured1And the radius R of described pearl core image2, described pearl to be measuredRadius be r1＝μR1, the radius of described pearl core is r2＝μR2, described pearl layer thickness is r=r1-r2。
Preferably, in the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, in described step 1, instituteThe centre of sphere of stating standard ball is positioned at described X ray radioactive source on the vertical line section of described imaging plane; DescribedIn step 3, the centre of sphere of described pearl to be measured is also positioned at described X ray radioactive source to described imaging planeIn vertical line section.
Preferably, in the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, described X ray radioactive sourceTo the distance a >=20r of described consult straight line0。
Preferably, in the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, in described step 1, choosingSelect the standard ball approaching with the radius of described pearl to be measured.
Preferably, in the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, described standard ball is steelBall.
Preferably, in the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, in described step 4, instituteThe radius of stating pearl image to be measured measures through following methods: along described pearl image to be measuredA point is got at interval of predetermined angular g in edge, thereby chooses h point, h=360 °/g, utilizes hCircle corresponding with described pearl image to be measured of some matching, circle corresponding to above-mentioned and pearl image to be measuredRadius be exactly the radius of pearl image to be measured,
The radius of described pearl core image obtains through following methods: the edge along described pearl core image is everyInterval predetermined angular j gets a point, thereby chooses 1 point, 1=360 °/j, utilizes one of 1 some matchingThe circle corresponding with described pearl core image, the above-mentioned radius of a circle corresponding with pearl core image is exactly pearl core imageRadius.
Preferably, in the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, in described step 2, instituteThe radius of stating standard ball image measures through following methods: along described standard ball imageA point is got at interval of predetermined angular e in edge, thereby chooses f point, f=360 °/e, utilizes f pointCircle corresponding with standard ball image of matching, the above-mentioned radius of a circle corresponding with standard ball imageIt is exactly the radius of standard ball image.
Preferably, in the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, e=g=j=1 °.
Detection method of the present invention has following beneficial effect: first the present invention has detected a radiusThe standard ball of knowing, the centre of sphere of this standard ball is positioned at one and is parallel on the consult straight line of imaging plane, andCalculate a proportionality coefficient μ, again pearl to be measured be placed between X ray radioactive source and imaging plane afterwards,And the centre of sphere that makes pearl to be measured is also positioned on consult straight line, the radius r of pearl to be measured1＝μR1, pearl coreRadius be r2＝μR2, pearl layer thickness is r=r1-r2. Due to the centre of sphere of standard ball and the ball of pearl to be measuredThe heart is all positioned on consult straight line, according to the character of similar triangles, in fact μ=d0/R0＝d1/R1＝d2/R2；In addition, the present invention also thinks d0≈r0, and d1≈r1，d2≈r2, r1＝μR1，r2＝μR2, above-mentioned calculatingProcess no longer needs calculating parameter (distance of ordering to the B of pearl to be measured inside such as X ray radioactive source),Make the error in computational process controlled simultaneously, make measurement result more accurate, measure error is generally less than0.2％。
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the detection schematic diagram of pearl to be measured of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the lossless detection method of pearl pearl layer thickness of the present invention;
The detection schematic diagram of the embodiment that Fig. 3 (a) is standard ball of the present invention;
The detection schematic diagram of the embodiment that Fig. 3 (b) is pearl to be measured of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of an embodiment of fixture of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art's referenceDescription word can be implemented according to this.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b), the invention provides a kind of nothing of pearl pearl layer thicknessDamage detection method, comprise the following steps:
Step 101, imaging device provide an imaging plane, at X ray radioactive source and described imaging planeBetween plan that one is parallel to the consult straight line of described imaging plane, standard ball is arranged on to described X rayBetween radioactive source and described imaging plane, and make the centre of sphere of described standard ball be positioned at described consult straight lineOn;
Step 102, utilize described X ray radioactive source to irradiate described standard ball, thereby in described imagingIn plane, obtain a standard ball image, measure the radius R of described standard ball image0, calculating ratio systemNumber μ=r0/R0, wherein, r0For the radius of described standard ball;
Step 103, pearl to be measured is arranged between X ray radioactive source and imaging device, and makes instituteThe centre of sphere of stating pearl to be measured is also positioned on described consult straight line, and described pearl to be measured comprises pearl core and ring-typePearl layer, described pearl core is positioned at described Zhu Ceng center;
Step 104, utilize described X ray radioactive source to irradiate described pearl to be measured, thereby in described imagingIn plane, obtain pearl image to be measured, described pearl image to be measured comprises the pearl layer figure of pearl core image and ring-typePicture, measures the radius R of described pearl image to be measured1And the radius R of described pearl core image2, described to be measuredThe radius of pearl is r1＝μR1, the radius of described pearl core is r2＝μR2, described pearl layer thickness is r=r1-r2。
In Fig. 3 (a), some A is X ray radioactive source, and X ray radioactive source is radiated at standard ballOn body time, line segment AE and line segment AD can represent that the two bundle X from standard ball edge process penetrate justLine, line segment AE and standard ball are tangential on a P1, line segment AD and standard ball are tangential on a P2，Line segment AC serves as reasons an A to the vertical line section of imaging plane, in triangle AED, and AB/AC=BP1/CE，Wherein BP1For d0, CE is the radius R of standard ball image0, proportionality coefficient μ has μ=d0/R0. ThisInvention supposition BP1≈OP1, i.e. d0≈r0, μ=r0/R0。
Through the irradiation of X ray radioactive source, pearl to be measured imaging on imaging plane; And due to be measuredThe internal structure of pearl comprises the pearl core that is positioned at center and the pearl layer that is positioned at outer field ring-type, and final institute becomesPicture comprise pearl core image and pearl tomographic image.
In Fig. 3 (b), some A ' represents X ray radioactive source, because the centre of sphere of pearl to be measured is also positioned at referenceOn straight line, in triangle A ' D ' E ', A ' B '/A ' C '=B ' P1'/C ' E ', wherein B ' P1' be d1，CEFor the radius R of pearl image to be measured1, proportionality coefficient μ also has μ=d1/R1. The present invention's suppositionB’P’1≈O’P1', i.e. d1≈r1, μ=r1/R1. Due to r0Known, r1＝μR1. In like manner, also haveB”P1”≈O’P1”，B”P1" be d2, can calculate pearl nuclear radius r2＝μR2。
The key of above-mentioned computational process is, supposes to plan one between X ray radioactive source and imaging planeBar is parallel to the consult straight line of imaging plane, and the centre of sphere of standard ball and the centre of sphere of pearl to be measured be position allOn this consult straight line. The present invention adopts a kind of fixture to realize above-mentioned purpose, and this fixture has a pair of clampingPiece 1, the inner side of each clamp has sphere, and the inner side of a pair of clamp is relative, a pair of clampThe diameter of sphere is located on the same line, and this straight line is exactly above-mentioned consult straight line; When standard ball 2 orWhen person pearl to be measured is arranged between a pair of clamp 1, the sphere of each clamp and standard ball orThe outer peripheral face contact of pearl to be measured, thus make the centre of sphere of standard ball or the centre of sphere of pearl to be measured be positioned at ginsengExamine (as shown in Figure 4) on straight line; Fixture is made up of the material that can see through for X ray, to can not doDisturb the imaging of standard ball or pearl to be measured.
Above-mentioned computational process no longer needs to calculate A ' B ', has solved in computational process some difficult parameters to confirmProblem. In addition,, in above-mentioned computational process, suppose d0≈r0、d1≈r1And d2≈r2, its error is canWith estimate and control. This is because the angle β of Fig. 3 (a) middle conductor AE and line segment AC keepsVery little time, just can think d0≈r0; In like manner, Fig. 3 (b) middle conductor A ' E ' and line segment A ' C 'Angle theta keeps very little time, just can think d1≈r1; In like manner there is d2≈r2。
In Fig. 3 (a), at triangle OAP1In, when X ray radioactive source and the standard ball centre of sphere itBetween 20 times of distance radiuses that is standard ball time, can calculate β=2.85 °, now d0＝0.9988r0，Therefore, when X ray radioactive source is more than or equal to 20 of standard ball radius to the distance of the centre of sphere of standard ballTimes time, can think d0≈r0. In like manner, in Fig. 3 (b), at triangle O ' A ' P1' in, when X penetratesWhen distance between line source and the centre of sphere of pearl to be measured is more than or equal to 20 times of radius of pearl to be measured,Also there are θ≤2.85 °, also can think d1≈r1; In like manner there is d2≈r2。
In addition,, in computational process, error still results from a factor below: measurement standard spheroid imageRadius R0, pearl image to be measured radius R1And the radius R of pearl core image2Time, can produce error.Taking standard ball as example, because the reason of the irregular and equipment of standard ball itself can cause imaging not to beStrict circle is at this moment directly measured radius R on standard ball image0, just may produce error. ?In an embodiment, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned error of following methods control, and the present invention is at standard ball imageEdge get a point at interval of predetermined angular e, thereby choose f point, f=360 °/e, utilize fPoint matching circle corresponding with standard ball image, the above-mentioned circle corresponding with standard ball image partlyFootpath is exactly the radius of standard ball image. But in fact, above-mentioned fitting algorithm still can be introduced error, vacationIf the radius of a circle that the standard ball image after matching is corresponding and the difference of true radius are dR, so thusThe error causing is μ dR. Need only fitting algorithm herein enough accurate, this error or controlled.
Same, also can be by matching for the radius of pearl image to be measured and the radius of pearl core imageAlgorithm calculates. Get a point along the edge of described pearl image to be measured at interval of predetermined angular g,Thereby choose h point, h=360 °/g, utilize one of h some matching and described pearl image pair to be measuredThe circle of answering, the radius of a circle that above-mentioned and pearl image to be measured is corresponding is exactly the radius of pearl image to be measured.A point is got at interval of predetermined angular j in edge along described pearl core image, thereby chooses 1 point,1=360 °/j, utilize circle corresponding with described pearl core image of 1 some matching, above-mentioned and pearl core imageCorresponding radius of a circle is exactly the radius of pearl core image. Wherein, the value of e, g and j is less, matchingThe degree of accuracy higher, e=g=j=1 ° preferably can be set.
In one embodiment, in step 1, the centre of sphere of standard ball is positioned at described X ray radioactive source and arrivesIn the vertical line section of described imaging plane; In step 3, pearl to be measured is also positioned at described X ray radioactive source and arrivesIn the vertical line section of described imaging plane. As shown in Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b), the centre of sphere of standard ballOverlap with the position of the centre of sphere of pearl to be measured. When the centre of sphere of standard ball and the centre of sphere of pearl to be measured withIn time, is positioned on consult straight line, but is not positioned at X ray radioactive source in the vertical line section of imaging plane time, onlyWanting the centre of sphere of standard ball or the centre of sphere of pearl to be measured to depart from the degree of vertical line section, less (this departs from journeyDegree is all fine within the scope of 2 °), still can departure in rational scope.
The present invention adopts steel ball as standard ball.
Below provide the measure error (in table 1) of one group of embodiment. The detecting step bag of this group embodimentDraw together:
Step 1, imaging device provide an imaging plane, X ray radioactive source and described imaging plane itBetween plan that one is parallel to the consult straight line of described imaging plane, standard ball is arranged on to described X ray and putsPenetrate between source and described imaging plane, and the centre of sphere of described standard ball be positioned on described consult straight line,The centre of sphere of described standard ball is positioned at described X ray radioactive source on the vertical line section of described imaging plane, XRay irradiation source is 117 millimeters to the distance of the centre of sphere of standard ball, and the centre of sphere of standard ball is flat to imagingThe distance of face is 262 millimeters;
Step 2, utilize the described standard ball of irradiation of described X ray radioactive source, thereby in described imagingIn plane, obtain a standard ball image, measure the radius R of described standard ball image0, calculating ratio systemNumber μ=r0/R0, wherein, r0For the radius of described standard ball, the radius of standard ball image is by matchingAlgorithm draws;
Step 3, pearl to be measured is arranged between X ray radioactive source and imaging device, and described in makingThe centre of sphere of pearl to be measured is also positioned on described consult straight line, and the centre of sphere of described pearl to be measured is also positioned at described XRay irradiation source is on the vertical line section of described imaging plane, and described pearl to be measured comprises pearl core and ring-typePearl layer, described pearl core is positioned at described Zhu Ceng center;
Step 4, utilize described X ray radioactive source to irradiate described pearl to be measured, thus flat in described imagingOn face, obtain pearl image to be measured, described pearl image to be measured comprises the pearl tomographic image of pearl core image and ring-type,Measure the radius R of described pearl image to be measured1And the radius R of described pearl core image2, described pearl to be measuredRadius be r1＝μR1, the radius of described pearl core is r2＝μR2, described pearl layer thickness is r=r1-r2, treatSurvey the radius of pearl image and the radius of pearl core image and also draw by fitting algorithm, e=g=j=1 °.
Table 1
Wherein: the first row is the true radius (mm of unit) of pearl to be measured; First row is standard steel ballTrue radius (mm of unit). Error calculation formula is: (measured value-actual value)/actual value × 100%.
From the measurement result of above-mentioned one group of embodiment, the error of generally measuring is less than 0.2%.When the radius of standard steel ball and the semidiameter of pearl to be measured are when few, error minimum, when the two radius equatesError is zero; The radius of standard steel ball and the radius of pearl to be measured differ larger, and error is larger. In view of withUpper conclusion, can design the standard steel ball of multiple different radiis in advance in the present invention, select and treat when detectionSurvey standard steel ball that pearl radius is close as reference, so that the result of measuring is the most accurate.
In the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, in described step 1, described standard ballThe centre of sphere be positioned at described X ray radioactive source on the vertical line section of described imaging plane; In described step 3,Described pearl to be measured is also positioned at described X ray radioactive source on the vertical line section of described imaging plane.
In the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, described X ray radioactive source is to described referenceDistance a >=the 20r of straight line0。
In the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, in described step 1, select with described in treatSurvey the approaching standard ball of radius of pearl.
In the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, described standard ball is steel ball.
In the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, in described step 4, described pearl to be measuredThe radius of image measures through following methods: along the edge of described pearl image to be measured at interval ofPredetermined angular g gets a point, thereby chooses h point, h=360 °/g, utilizes one of h some matchingThe circle corresponding with described pearl image to be measured, the radius of a circle that above-mentioned and pearl image to be measured is corresponding is exactlyThe radius of pearl image to be measured; The radius of described pearl core image obtains through following methods: described in edgeA point is got at interval of predetermined angular j in the edge of pearl core image, thereby chooses 1 point, and 1=360 °/j,Utilize circle corresponding with described pearl core image of 1 some matching, the above-mentioned circle corresponding with pearl core imageRadius be exactly the radius of pearl core image.
In the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, in described step 2, described standard ballThe radius of image measures through following methods: along the edge of described standard ball image at interval ofPredetermined angular e gets a point, thereby chooses f point, f=360 °/e, utilize one of matching of f point withThe circle that standard ball image is corresponding, the above-mentioned radius of a circle corresponding with standard ball image is exactly standard ballThe radius of volume image.
In the lossless detection method of described pearl pearl layer thickness, e=g=j=1 °.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, it is not restricted to description and enforcement sideListed utilization in formula, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for being familiar with abilityThe personnel in territory, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviate from claim and etc. homotypeEnclose under limited universal, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the figure describingExample.
Claims (6)
1. a lossless detection method for pearl pearl layer thickness, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, imaging device provide an imaging plane, X ray radioactive source and described imaging plane itBetween plan that one is parallel to the consult straight line of described imaging plane, standard ball is arranged on to described X ray and putsPenetrate between source and described imaging plane, and the centre of sphere of described standard ball is positioned on described consult straight line;
Step 2, utilize described X ray radioactive source to irradiate described standard ball, thus flat in described imagingOn face, obtain a standard ball image, measure the radius R of described standard ball image0, calculate proportionality coefficientμ＝r0/R0, wherein, r0For the radius of described standard ball;
Step 3, pearl to be measured is arranged between X ray radioactive source and imaging device, and described in makingThe centre of sphere of pearl to be measured is also positioned on described consult straight line, and described pearl to be measured comprises pearl core and ring-typePearl layer, described pearl core is positioned at described Zhu Ceng center;
Step 4, utilize described X ray radioactive source to irradiate described pearl to be measured, thus flat in described imagingOn face, obtain pearl image to be measured, described pearl image to be measured comprises the pearl tomographic image of pearl core image and ring-type,Measure the radius R of described pearl image to be measured1And the radius R of described pearl core image2, described pearl to be measuredRadius be r1＝μR1, the radius of described pearl core is r2＝μR2, described pearl layer thickness is r=r1-r2；
In described step 1, the centre of sphere of described standard ball is positioned at described X ray radioactive source to described imagingIn the vertical line section of plane; In described step 3, the centre of sphere of described pearl to be measured is also positioned at described X ray and putsThe source of penetrating is on the vertical line section of described imaging plane;
Described X ray radioactive source is to the distance a >=20r of described consult straight line0。
2. the lossless detection method of pearl pearl layer thickness as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, instituteState in step 1, select the standard ball approaching with the radius of described pearl to be measured.
3. the lossless detection method of pearl pearl layer thickness as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, instituteStating standard ball is steel ball.
4. the lossless detection method of the pearl pearl layer thickness as described in any one in claim 1～3, its spyLevy and be, in described step 4, the radius of described pearl image to be measured is to measure through following methods: a point is got at interval of predetermined angular g in the edge along described pearl image to be measured, thereby chooses hIndividual, h=360 °/g, utilize circle corresponding with described pearl image to be measured of h some matching, go upStating the radius of a circle corresponding with pearl image to be measured is exactly the radius of pearl image to be measured,
The radius of described pearl core image obtains through following methods: the edge along described pearl core image is everyInterval predetermined angular j gets a point, thereby chooses L point, L=360 °/j, utilizes the matching one of L pointCircle corresponding to individual and described pearl core image, the above-mentioned radius of a circle corresponding with pearl core image is exactly pearl core figureThe radius of picture.
5. the lossless detection method of pearl pearl layer thickness as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, instituteState in step 2, the radius of described standard ball image measures through following methods: described in edgeA point is got at interval of predetermined angular e in the edge of standard ball image, thereby chooses f point,F=360 °/e, utilize circle corresponding with standard ball image of f some matching, above-mentioned and standard ballThe radius of a circle that image is corresponding is exactly the radius of standard ball image.
6. the lossless detection method of pearl pearl layer thickness as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that,e＝g＝j＝1°。
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