CN103526234A - Method for extracting metal from coal ash by fused salt electrolysis method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting metal from coal ash by a fused salt electrolysis method, which belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The method I comprises the following steps: (1) mixing Na3AlF6 and AlF3 to prepare cryolite-based fused salt; (2) putting the cryolite-based fused salt into an electrolytic bath, and adding the coal ash; and (3) heating the electrolytic bath to 910-985 DEG C, then electrifying for electrolysis, depositing on a negative pole to form an aluminium-based alloy. The method II comprises the following steps: (1) mixing Na3AlF6 and AlF3 uniformly to prepare cryolite-based fused salt; (2) putting the cryolite-based fused salt into an electrolytic bath, and adding the coal ash and aluminium oxide; and (3) heating the electrolytic bath to 930-985 DEG C, then electrifying for electrolysis, and after the electrolysis is finished, depositing on a negative pole to form an aluminium-based alloy. The method disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the coal ash is treated by the fused salt electrolysis method, oxides of aluminium, silicon, titanium, iron and the like are directly electrodeposited to prepare the alloy, so that the green, high-efficiency and comprehensive utilization of the coal ash is realized. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the process is simple, the production can be carried out in an existing industrial aluminium electrolysis bath, the flow process is short and continuous production can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, particularly fused salt electrolysis process is extracted the method for metal from flyash.
Background technology
Flyash is commonly called as flying dust, refers to dust and the bottom slag from coal-fired (containing coal gangue, coal slime) boiler smoke, collected, and the desulphurization and denitration lime-ash producing in coal-burning power plant's production process.Flyash output and quantity discharged are cumulative year after year trend, and accumulating over a long period of flyash obviously becomes public hazards.The chemical composition of flyash mainly contains silicon oxide, aluminium sesquioxide, ferric oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, sulphur trioxide, loss on ignition etc.
At present, the utilization of flyash mainly concentrates on the aspects such as building materials and road construction work, substantially belongs to low value-added extensive style utilization, and utilising efficiency is not high.In addition, existing total utilization of PCA research work concentrates in the recycling of bauxite resource in flyash mostly.The method of extracting aluminum oxide from flyash mainly contains that alkaline process, acidleach are followed the example of, using acid and alkali combination method and ammonium sulfate roasting method, but every kind of method all has deficiency separately.Wherein alkaline process mainly comprises soda-lime sintering process and limestone sintering method, and the alkali reaction agent of alkali process can not recycle, and energy consumption is high, and production cost is high, and the level of residue producing is large; Acid leaching process mainly adopts sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid leaching flyash, when acidleach is got, also the Elements Leachings such as Fe, K, Mg, Ca increased the extraction difficulty of aluminum oxide, and equipment corrosion is can serious, and production cost is high; The alumina product quality that using acid and alkali combination method makes is higher, but production process and equipment are many, and energy consumption is large, and production cost is high; Ammonium sulfate roasting method is passed through flyash and ammonium sulfate is baking mixed, but still has the problems such as energy consumption is high, purification rate is low.In these research work, only embody the recycling to bauxite resource, not yet real silicon oxide and the aluminum oxide embodying in comprehensive utilization flyash.
Summary of the invention
The problems referred to above that exist technically for existing recycling flyash, the invention provides fused salt electrolysis process and from flyash, extract the method for metal, using sodium aluminum fluoride as flux, villiaumite is as additive, flyash, as raw material, by being dissolved in cryolite fused salt system, adopts carbon anode or inert anode as anode, at high temperature carry out the metal in electrowinning flyash, make aluminum base alloy.
The method that fused salt electrolysis process of the present invention is extracted metal from flyash is divided into two kinds, and first method is to carry out according to the following steps:
1, by Na
3alF
6and AlF
3mix and make ice crystal ground mass fused salt, blending ratio is pressed NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2 ~ 2.8;
2, ice crystal ground mass fused salt is placed in to electrolyzer, then adds flyash, the add-on of flyash is 3 ~ 10% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash gross weight;
3, ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash are heated to 910 ~ 985 ℃, then electrolysis is carried out in energising, and the current density between control cathode and anode is 0.4 ~ 1.2A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 3 ~ 8h, after electrolysis completes on negative electrode formation of deposits aluminum base alloy.
In aforesaid method, the negative electrode adopting during electrolysis is aluminium liquid, and anode is carbon anode or inert anode, and described inert anode is metal base aluminium electrolytic inert anode.
In aforesaid method, after starting electrolysis, add flyash one time per half an hour in electrolyzer, and the flyash amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 20 ~ 80% of flyash gross weight.
The composition of the aluminum base alloy that aforesaid method deposits on negative electrode is by weight percentage containing Al 67 ~ 76%, and Si 17 ~ 20%, and Fe 2.5 ~ 6.5%, and Ti 1 ~ 8.5%, and surplus is impurity.
In aforesaid method, in flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 50 ~ 80%, and Si 70 ~ 90%, and Fe 60 ~ 80%, and Ti 85 ~ 95%.
Second method is carried out according to the following steps:
1, by Na
3alF
6and AlF
3mix and make ice crystal ground mass fused salt, blending ratio is pressed NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2 ~ 2.8;
2, ice crystal ground mass fused salt is placed in to electrolyzer, then the mixing raw material that adds flyash and aluminum oxide, in mixing raw material, flyash accounts for 10 ~ 60% of mixing raw material gross weight, and all the other are aluminum oxide, and mixing raw material accounts for 2 ~ 8% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material gross weight;
3, ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material are heated to 930 ~ 985 ℃, then electrolysis is carried out in energising, and the current density between control cathode and anode is 0.4 ~ 1.0A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 3 ~ 8h, after electrolysis completes on negative electrode formation of deposits aluminum base alloy.
In above-mentioned second method, the negative electrode adopting during electrolysis is aluminium liquid, and anode is carbon anode.
In above-mentioned second method, after starting electrolysis, per half an hour, in mixture, flyash accounted for 10 ~ 60% of mixture gross weight to the mixture of adding flyash and aluminum oxide in electrolyzer; The mixture amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 20 ~ 80% of mixing raw material gross weight.
The composition of the aluminum base alloy that above-mentioned second method deposits on negative electrode is by weight percentage containing Al 85 ~ 96%, and Si 2.5 ~ 12.5%, and Fe 0.8 ~ 1.6%, and Ti 0.3 ~ 2.5%, and surplus is impurity.
In above-mentioned second method, in flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 50 ~ 80%, and Si 70 ~ 90%, and Fe 60 ~ 80%, and Ti 85 ~ 95%.
Adopt fused salt electrolysis process electrolysis to contain SiO
2, Al
2o
3, Fe
2o
3, TiO
2, MgO, CaO, K
2in the process of the flyash of the mixed oxides such as O, MgO, K
2alF in O and CaO and sodium aluminum fluoride
3reaction generates corresponding Al
2o
3and MgF
2, Al
2o
3with KF, CaF
2, MgF
2, KF and CaF
2be the additive of aluminium electrolysis process, magnesium ion, potassium ion and calcium ion can not reduce and separate out.SiO
2, Al
2o
3, Fe
2o
3, TiO
2at cathode electrodeposition, obtain aluminum base alloy; Adopt aluminium liquid as negative electrode, on negative electrode aluminium liquid and electrolyte interface, SiO can occur simultaneously
2, Fe
2o
3and TiO
2thermite reaction, generate aluminum oxide and aluminum base alloy, and the aluminum oxide wherein generating obtains aluminium at cathode electrodeposition, increased the recovery rate of metal.
The fused salt electrolysis process of metal mixing oxide can, from the mixture direct production alloy of metal oxide, be a kind of new electrolysis process; The present invention is by fused salt electrolysis process treated coal ash, and alloy is prepared in the direct galvanic deposit of oxide compound such as aluminium, silicon, titanium and iron, realizes the green high-efficient comprehensive utilization of flyash, there is technique simple, can produce at existing industrial aluminum electrolysis bath, and flow process is short, the advantage can be continuously produced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the electrolytic cell assembly structural representation in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the electrolytic cell assembly structural representation in the embodiment of the present invention 6;
In figure, 1, iron crucible, 2, small-sized anode rod, 3, resistance furnace, 4, plumbago crucible (small electrolytic groove), 5, corundum liner, 6, small-sized anode, 7, ice crystal ground mass fused salt, 8, aluminium liquid (negative electrode), 9, hopper, 10, positive bar beam, 11, anode electrolytic cell guide rod, 12, pot shell, 13, anode electrolytic cell, 14, ice crystal ground mass molten salt electrolyte, 15, electrolyzer aluminium liquid (negative electrode), 16, carbon lining, 17, cathode steel bar, 18, thermal insulation layer.
Embodiment
The fine coal ash composition of selecting in the embodiment of the present invention is by weight percentage containing Al
2o
339.04 ~ 52.80%, SiO
234.30 ~ 55.24%, CaO, 0.25 ~ 3.90 %, TiO
20.77 ~ 1.97 %, Fe
2o
31.50 ~ 6.20%, MgO 0.10 ~ 3.70%, K
2o 0.01 ~ 2.10%, and surplus is impurity.
The aluminum oxide of selecting in the embodiment of the present invention is commercial alumina, weight purity 98.60 ~ 99.66%.
Sodium aluminum fluoride (the Na selecting in the embodiment of the present invention
3alF
6) be industrial sodium aluminum fluoride, weight purity>=99%.
The AlF selecting in the embodiment of the present invention
3for commercial Industrial products, weight purity>=99%.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the current efficiency of electrolytic process is 40 ~ 60%.
Metal base aluminium electrolytic inert anode in the embodiment of the present invention is the disclosed metal base aluminium electrolytic inert anode of patent CN1203217C, the composition of the metal base aluminium electrolytic inert anode of selecting is 40 ~ 100% containing Fe, Ni, Cr and Cu by weight percentage, containing Ag and Zn, is 0 ~ 60%.
The carbon anode adopting in the embodiment of the present invention is industrial electrolysis aluminium anode charcoal piece.
Embodiment 1
By Na
3alF
6and AlF
3mix and make ice crystal ground mass fused salt, blending ratio is pressed NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2;
Metallic aluminium is placed in to electrolyzer; Again ice crystal ground mass fused salt is placed in to electrolyzer, then adds flyash, the add-on of flyash is 5% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash gross weight; Fine coal ash composition is by weight percentage containing Al
2o
352.75%, SiO
238.05%, CaO 3.88%, TiO
21.97 %, Fe
2o
31.86%, MgO 0.51%, K
2o 0.10%, and surplus is impurity;
Ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash are heated to 910 ℃, and metallic aluminium is melted into aluminium liquid, and aluminium liquid, as negative electrode, adopts carbon anode as anode; Electrolysis is carried out in energising, and the current density between control cathode and anode is 0.4A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 8h, and after starting electrolysis, add flyash one time per half an hour in electrolyzer, and the flyash amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 20% of flyash gross weight; After electrolysis completes on negative electrode formation of deposits aluminum base alloy; Electrolytic cell assembly structure as shown in Figure 1;
The composition of aluminum base alloy is by weight percentage containing Al 71.9%, and Si 19.0%, and Fe 6.5%, and Ti 2.1%, and surplus is impurity; In flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 70%, and Si 90%, and Fe 80%, and Ti 95%.
Embodiment 2
Fused salt electrolysis process is extracted the method for metal with embodiment 1 from flyash, and difference is:
(1) NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2.2;
(2) in electrolyzer, the add-on of flyash is 3% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash gross weight; Fine coal ash composition is by weight percentage containing Al
2o
339.04%, SiO
255.24%, CaO 0.25%, TiO
20.77%, Fe
2o
33.76%, MgO 0.10%, K
2o 0.01%, and surplus is impurity;
(3) ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash are heated to 955 ℃, adopt inert anode as anode, described inert anode is metal base aluminium electrolytic inert anode; Electrolysis is carried out in energising, and the current density between negative electrode and anode is 0.6A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 7h; The flyash amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 30% of flyash gross weight;
(4) composition of aluminum base alloy is by weight percentage containing Al 74.6%, and Si 19.7%, and Fe 2.8%, and Ti 2.3%, and surplus is impurity; In flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 80%, and Si 85%, and Fe 70%, and Ti 90%.
Embodiment 3
Fused salt electrolysis process is extracted the method for metal with embodiment 1 from flyash, and difference is:
(1) NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2.4;
(2) in electrolyzer, the add-on of flyash is 10% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash gross weight; Fine coal ash composition is by weight percentage containing Al
2o
347.11%, SiO
234.30%, CaO, 3.90 %, TiO
21.86%, Fe
2o
36.20%, MgO 3.70%, K
2o 2.10%, and surplus is impurity;
(3) ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash are heated to 965 ℃; Electrolysis is carried out in energising, and the current density between negative electrode and anode is 0.7A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 6h; The flyash amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 40% of flyash gross weight;
(4) composition of aluminum base alloy is by weight percentage containing Al 67.9%, and Si 17.9%, and Fe 5.4%, and Ti 8.4%, and surplus is impurity; In flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 60%, and Si 70%, and Fe 60%, and Ti 85%.
Embodiment 4
Fused salt electrolysis process is extracted the method for metal with embodiment 1 from flyash, and difference is:
(1) NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2.6;
(2) in electrolyzer, the add-on of flyash is 8% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash gross weight; Fine coal ash composition is by weight percentage containing Al
2o
349.63%, SiO
240.27%, CaO 2.96%, TiO
21.25 %, Fe
2o
31.50%, MgO 2.21%, K
2o 1.63%, and surplus is impurity;
(3) ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash are heated to 975 ℃, adopt inert anode as anode, described inert anode is metal base aluminium electrolytic inert anode; Electrolysis is carried out in energising, and the current density between negative electrode and anode is 0.8A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 5h; The flyash amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 60% of flyash gross weight;
(4) composition of aluminum base alloy is by weight percentage containing Al 75.3%, and Si 17.9%, and Fe 2.8%, and Ti 3.2%, and surplus is impurity; In flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 50%, and Si 70%, and Fe 60%, and Ti 85%.
Embodiment 5
Fused salt electrolysis process is extracted the method for metal with embodiment 1 from flyash, and difference is:
(1) NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2.8;
(2) in electrolyzer, the add-on of flyash is 5% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash gross weight; Fine coal ash composition is by weight percentage containing Al
2o
340.53%, SiO
250.14%, CaO 3.32%, TiO
21.65%, Fe
2o
32.39%, MgO 0.88%, K
2o 0.56%, and surplus is impurity;
(3) ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash are heated to 985 ℃; Electrolysis is carried out in energising, and the current density between negative electrode and anode is 1.2A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 3h; The flyash amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 80% of flyash gross weight;
(4) composition of aluminum base alloy is by weight percentage containing Al 75.9%, and Si 19.8%, and Fe 2.5%, and Ti 1.3%, and surplus is impurity; In flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 75%, and Si 85%, and Fe 75%, and Ti 90%.
Embodiment 6
By Na
3alF
6and AlF
3mix and make ice crystal ground mass fused salt, blending ratio is pressed NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2;
Metallic aluminium is placed in to electrolyzer; Again ice crystal ground mass fused salt is placed in to electrolyzer, then adds the mixing raw material of flyash and aluminum oxide, in mixing raw material, flyash accounts for 10% of mixing raw material gross weight, and all the other are aluminum oxide, and mixing raw material accounts for 5% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material gross weight; Fine coal ash composition is with embodiment 1;
Ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material are heated to 930 ℃, and metallic aluminium fusing forms aluminium liquid as negative electrode; Adopt carbon anode as anode;
Electrolysis is carried out in energising, and the current density between control cathode and anode is 0.4A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 8h, after starting electrolysis, per half an hour, in mixture, flyash accounted for 10% of mixture gross weight to the mixture of adding flyash and aluminum oxide in electrolyzer; The mixture amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 20% of mixing raw material gross weight; After electrolysis completes on negative electrode formation of deposits aluminum base alloy; Electrolytic cell assembly structure as shown in Figure 2;
The composition of aluminum base alloy is by weight percentage containing Al 95.8%, and Si 2.9%, and Fe 0.8%, and Ti 0.3%, and surplus is impurity; In flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 80%, and Si 90%, and Fe 80%, and Ti 95%.
Embodiment 7
Fused salt electrolysis process is extracted the method for metal with embodiment 6 from flyash, and difference is:
(1) NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2.2;
(2) in mixing raw material, flyash accounts for 20% of mixing raw material gross weight, and all the other are aluminum oxide, and mixing raw material accounts for 6% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material gross weight; Fine coal ash composition is with embodiment 2;
(3) ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material are heated to 955 ℃, the current density between negative electrode and anode is 0.6A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 7h, in mixture, flyash accounts for 20% of mixture gross weight; The mixture amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 30% of mixing raw material gross weight;
(4) composition of aluminum base alloy is by weight percentage containing Al 92.8%, and Si 5.6%, and Fe 0.9%, and Ti 0.5%, and surplus is impurity; In flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 70%, and Si 80%, and Fe 70%, and Ti 90%.
Embodiment 8
Fused salt electrolysis process is extracted the method for metal with embodiment 6 from flyash, and difference is:
(1) NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2.4;
(2) in mixing raw material, flyash accounts for 30% of mixing raw material gross weight, and all the other are aluminum oxide, and mixing raw material accounts for 4% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material gross weight; Fine coal ash composition is with embodiment 3;
(3) ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material are heated to 965 ℃, the current density between negative electrode and anode is 0.7A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 6h, in mixture, flyash accounts for 30% of mixture gross weight; The mixture amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 40% of mixing raw material gross weight;
(4) composition of aluminum base alloy is by weight percentage containing Al 90.7%, and Si 5.3%, and Fe 1.3%, and Ti 2.5%, and surplus is impurity; In flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 60%, and Si 80%, and Fe 75%, and Ti 85%.
Embodiment 9
Fused salt electrolysis process is extracted the method for metal with embodiment 6 from flyash, and difference is:
(1) NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2.6;
(2) in mixing raw material, flyash accounts for 40% of mixing raw material gross weight, and all the other are aluminum oxide, and mixing raw material accounts for 2% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material gross weight; Fine coal ash composition is with embodiment 4;
(3) ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material are heated to 975 ℃, the current density between negative electrode and anode is 0.8A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 5h, in mixture, flyash accounts for 40% of mixture gross weight; The mixture amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 60% of mixing raw material gross weight;
(4) composition of aluminum base alloy is by weight percentage containing Al 90.3%, and Si 6.8%, and Fe 1.2%, and Ti 1.5%, and surplus is impurity; In flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 50%, and Si 70%, and Fe 60%, and Ti 85%.
Fused salt electrolysis process is extracted the method for metal with embodiment 6 from flyash, and difference is:
(1) NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2.8;
(2) in mixing raw material, flyash accounts for 60% of mixing raw material gross weight, and all the other are aluminum oxide, and mixing raw material accounts for 8% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material gross weight; Fine coal ash composition is with embodiment 5;
(3) ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material are heated to 985 ℃, the current density between negative electrode and anode is 1.0A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 3h, in mixture, flyash accounts for 60% of mixture gross weight; The mixture amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 80% of mixing raw material gross weight;
(4) composition of aluminum base alloy is by weight percentage containing Al 85.2%, and Si 12.3%, and Fe 1.6%, and Ti 0.8%, and surplus is impurity; In flyash, the rate of recovery of metal is respectively Al 50%, and Si 80%, and Fe 80%, and Ti 95%.
Claims (8)
1. fused salt electrolysis process is extracted a method for metal from flyash, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) by Na
3alF
6and AlF
3mix and make ice crystal ground mass fused salt, blending ratio is pressed NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2 ~ 2.8;
(2) ice crystal ground mass fused salt is placed in to electrolyzer, then adds flyash, the add-on of flyash is 3 ~ 10% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash gross weight;
(3) ice crystal ground mass fused salt and flyash are heated to 910 ~ 985 ℃, then electrolysis is carried out in energising, and the current density between control cathode and anode is 0.4 ~ 1.2A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 3 ~ 8h, after electrolysis completes on negative electrode formation of deposits aluminum base alloy.
2. a kind of fused salt electrolysis process according to claim 1 is extracted the method for metal from flyash, and the negative electrode adopting while it is characterized in that electrolysis is aluminium liquid, and anode is carbon anode or inert anode, and described inert anode is metal base aluminium electrolytic inert anode.
3. a kind of fused salt electrolysis process according to claim 1 is extracted the method for metal from flyash, it is characterized in that after starting electrolysis, add flyash one time per half an hour in electrolyzer, and the flyash amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 20 ~ 80% of flyash gross weight.
4. a kind of fused salt electrolysis process according to claim 1 is extracted the method for metal from flyash, it is characterized in that the composition of the aluminum base alloy that deposits on negative electrode is by weight percentage containing Al 67 ~ 76%, Si 17 ~ 20%, and Fe 2.5 ~ 6.5%, Ti 1 ~ 8.5%, and surplus is impurity.
5. fused salt electrolysis process is extracted a method for metal from flyash, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) by Na
3alF
6and AlF
3mix and make ice crystal ground mass fused salt, blending ratio is pressed NaF and the AlF in ice crystal ground mass fused salt
3mol ratio be 2 ~ 2.8;
(2) ice crystal ground mass fused salt is placed in to electrolyzer, then the mixing raw material that adds flyash and aluminum oxide, in mixing raw material, flyash accounts for 10 ~ 60% of mixing raw material gross weight, and all the other are aluminum oxide, and mixing raw material accounts for 2 ~ 8% of ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material gross weight;
(3) ice crystal ground mass fused salt and mixing raw material are heated to 930 ~ 985 ℃, then electrolysis is carried out in energising, and the current density between control cathode and anode is 0.4 ~ 1.0A/cm
2, electrolysis time is 3 ~ 8h, after electrolysis completes on negative electrode formation of deposits aluminum base alloy.
6. a kind of fused salt electrolysis process according to claim 5 is extracted the method for metal from flyash, it is characterized in that after starting electrolysis, per half an hour, in mixture, flyash accounted for 10 ~ 60% of mixture gross weight to the mixture of adding flyash and aluminum oxide in electrolyzer; The mixture amount of at every turn adding is when starting electrolysis in electrolyzer 20 ~ 80% of mixing raw material gross weight.
7. a kind of fused salt electrolysis process according to claim 5 is extracted the method for metal from flyash, it is characterized in that the composition of the aluminum base alloy that deposits on negative electrode is by weight percentage containing Al 85 ~ 96%, Si 2.5 ~ 12.5%, and Fe 0.8 ~ 1.6%, Ti 0.3 ~ 2.5%, and surplus is impurity.
8. a kind of fused salt electrolysis process according to claim 5 is extracted the method for metal from flyash, and the negative electrode adopting while it is characterized in that electrolysis is aluminium liquid, and anode is carbon anode.
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