CN103516274A - Generator excitation system comprising multi-type limiting units - Google Patents
Generator excitation system comprising multi-type limiting units Download PDFInfo
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- CN103516274A CN103516274A CN201310444782.3A CN201310444782A CN103516274A CN 103516274 A CN103516274 A CN 103516274A CN 201310444782 A CN201310444782 A CN 201310444782A CN 103516274 A CN103516274 A CN 103516274A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a generator excitation system comprising multi-type limiting units. The generator excitation system comprises a low-excitation limiting unit, an over-excitation limiting unit, a PID adjusting unit, a power amplification unit and a stator over-loading limiting unit (including stator over-current limiting and maximum idle limiting). Output of the low-excitation limiting unit can be connected to the input end of a front high ratio door of the PID adjusting unit or the input end of a back high ratio door of the PID adjusting unit or a voltage overlaying point. Output of the over-excitation limiting unit is connected to the input end of a front low ratio door of the PID adjusting unit or the input end of a back low ratio door of the PID adjusting unit. Output of the stator over-loading limiting unit is connected to the input end of the front low ratio door of the PID adjusting unit or the input end of the back low ratio door of the PID adjusting unit or the voltage overlaying point. The over-excitation limiting unit, the low-excitation limiting unit and the stator over-loading limiting unit can meet the requirements for various access modes, simulation testing shows that the established models are stable and reliable in action and accurate in definite value and accord with device actual measurement characteristics, and engineering application requirements are met. In addition, the models can be used as the reference for technical staff of excitation system simulation study.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to generator excited system, relate in particular to a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit.
Background technology
In current China power system analysis, what generally adopt is PASAP or BPA comprehensive stability analytical system, and in program, excitation system model provides two kinds of limited models: cross and encourage restriction, lowly encourage restriction.
But the limited model that provides in steady program is provided, in structure and function, exist many differently from actual excitation unit, mainly contain:
1, model structure does not conform to: most of regulator limiters are access point before PID governing loop (minority are after PID governing loops), and access way has by the access of competing ratio door, also has to be directly connected to voltage summing point; And combine steady program, only provide by competing and be connected on a kind of mode after PID governing loop than door.
2, modular concept and actual inconsistent, does not conform to the actual conditions the operating characteristics of simulation calculation, and some parameter physical significance is indefinite, uses inconvenience.
3, lack generator unit stator overload limited model.
In view of above reason, at present actually generally do not consider the effect of limiting unit while carrying out system-computed, this makes network analysis research at large disturbance, growth process because not taking into account the impact of the non-linear factors such as limiting unit, makes result of calculation have deviation.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit, can having stable behavior reliable, definite value be accurate, conforms to device actual measurement characteristic, meets engineering application requirements.
The present invention adopts following technical proposals: a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit, comprise the low limiting unit of encouraging, cross and encourage limiting unit, PID regulon, power amplification unit, also include stator overload limiting unit, the input of described stator overload limiting unit has generator reactive and Generator end electric current, the output of described stator overload limiting unit is connected to front the first low ratio door of PID regulon, the first low output than door connects a second low ratio door input, generator terminal voltage and generator reactive input to Tiao Cha unit, Tiao Cha unit exports first adder to, voltage given value also inputs to first adder, the output of first adder inputs to the Gao Bimen before PID regulon, Gao Bimen export to second low than door, the second low output than door is connected to voltage summing point adder, PSS unit exports voltage summing point adder to, voltage summing point adder export PID regulon to, the low ratio door of PID regulon output after PID regulon, Gao Bimen is to power amplification unit, power amplification unit output generator rotor voltage.
Described stator overload limiting unit is stator over-current limiting unit, stator over-current limiting unit includes and calculates heat accumulation unit, superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, allow overcurrent judging unit again, Generator end electric current inputs to current measurement link, the output of current measurement link is same up to correction link and calculating heat accumulation unit, the output of correction link and stator current restriction set-point export the 4th adder to, the 6th multiplier that exports stator current or idle adjusting selected cell to of the 4th adder, generator reactive inputs to reactive power measurement link, reactive power measurement link exports slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass to, idle set-point exports slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass to, the 7th multiplier that exports stator current or idle adjusting selected cell to of slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass, stator current or idle adjusting selected cell export proportional component to, proportional component exports open or locking stator current restriction output unit to, the superheat value that exports to of calculating heat accumulation unit reaches definite value judging unit and overcurrent judging unit again, export to again overcurrent judging unit and stator current or idle adjusting selected cell, opening or locking stator current that superheat value reaches definite value judging unit limit output unit, and open or locking stator current restriction output unit exports front the first low ratio door of PID regulon to.
The invention also discloses the generator excited system that another kind includes polymorphic type limiting unit, comprise the low limiting unit of encouraging, cross and encourage limiting unit, PID regulon, power amplification unit, also include stator overload limiting unit, the input of described stator overload limiting unit has generated power, generator reactive, the output of described stator overload limiting unit is connected to voltage summing point adder, generator terminal voltage and generator reactive input to Tiao Cha unit, Tiao Cha unit exports first adder to, voltage given value also inputs to first adder, the output of first adder inputs to the Gao Bimen before PID regulon, Gao Bimen export to second low than door, the first low output than door connects the input of described the second low ratio door, described the second low output than door is connected to voltage summing point adder, PSS exports voltage summing point adder to, voltage summing point adder export PID regulon to, the low ratio door of PID regulon output after PID regulon, Gao Bimen is to power amplification unit, power amplification unit output generator rotor voltage.
Described stator overload limiting unit adopts maximum reactive power limits unit, maximum reactive power limits unit includes maximum reactive power limits definite value table, generated power inputs to active power measurement link, active power measurement link exports maximum reactive power limits definite value table to, maximum reactive power limits definite value table exports filtering link to, filtering link exports the 6th adder and the 7th adder to, generator reactive inputs to reactive power measurement link, reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link exports the 6th adder and the 7th adder to, the exporting limiter to and whether reach definite value judging unit of the 6th adder, the output whether limiter reaches definite value judging unit by limiter action delay timing unit to returning to unit, return to second multiplier that exports to of unit, the output of the 7th adder is by correction link to the second multiplier, the second multiplier export voltage summing point adder to.
The invention also discloses the generator excited system that another includes polymorphic type limiting unit, comprise the low limiting unit of encouraging, cross and encourage limiting unit, PID regulon, power amplification unit, also include stator overload limiting unit, the input of described stator overload limiting unit has generator reactive and Generator end electric current, the output of described stator over-current limiting unit is connected to the input of the low ratio door after PID regulon, the first low output than door before PID regulon connects the input of the second low ratio door, generator terminal voltage and generator reactive input to Tiao Cha unit, Tiao Cha unit exports first adder to, voltage given value also inputs to first adder, the output of first adder inputs to the Gao Bimen before PID regulon, Gao Bimen export to second low than door, the second low output than door is connected to voltage summing point adder, PSS exports voltage summing point adder to, voltage summing point adder export PID regulon to, the low ratio door of PID regulon output after PID regulon, Gao Bimen is to power amplification unit, power amplification unit output generator rotor voltage.
Described stator overload limiting unit adopts stator over-current limiting unit, stator over-current limiting unit includes and calculates heat accumulation unit, superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, allow overcurrent judging unit again, Generator end electric current inputs to current measurement link, the output of current measurement link is same up to correction link and calculating heat accumulation unit, the output of correction link and stator current restriction set-point export the 4th adder to, the 6th multiplier that exports stator current or idle adjusting selected cell to of the 4th adder, generator reactive inputs to reactive power measurement link, reactive power measurement link exports slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass to, idle set-point exports slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass to, the 7th multiplier that exports stator current or idle adjusting selected cell to of slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass, stator current or idle adjusting selected cell export proportional component to, proportional component output limits output unit by governing loop to open or locking stator current, the superheat value that exports to of calculating heat accumulation unit reaches definite value judging unit and overcurrent judging unit again, what superheat value reached definite value judging unit exports again overcurrent judging unit and stator current or idle adjusting selected cell, opening or locking stator current restriction output unit to, and open or locking stator current restriction output unit exports to after PID regulon low than door.
The wherein said low limiting unit of encouraging can be implemented as: comprise the low compensating unit of set end voltage, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging, open or the low restriction output unit of encouraging of locking, generator terminal voltage inputs to voltage measurement link, voltage measurement link export the low compensating unit of set end voltage to, the low compensating unit of set end voltage exports the 3rd multiplier to, generated power exports active power measurement link to, active power measurement link exports the low restriction definite value table of encouraging to, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging exports the 3rd multiplier to, the output of the 3rd multiplier exports the 8th adder to by filtering link, generator reactive exports reactive power measurement link to, reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link export the 8th adder to, exporting to of the 8th adder opened or low restriction output unit and the 4th multiplier of encouraging of locking, open or locking is low encourage restriction output unit export the 4th multiplier and the 9th adder to, the 4th multiplier export proportional component to, proportional component export the 9th adder to, the 9th adder export Gao Bimen before PID regulon to.
The wherein said low limiting unit of encouraging can also be embodied as: comprise the low compensating unit of set end voltage, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging, open or the low restriction output unit of encouraging of locking, generator terminal voltage inputs to voltage measurement link, voltage measurement link export the low compensating unit of set end voltage to, the low compensating unit of set end voltage exports the 3rd multiplier to, generated power exports active power measurement link to, active power measurement link exports the low restriction definite value table of encouraging to, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging exports the 3rd multiplier to, the output of the 3rd multiplier exports the 8th adder to by filtering link, generator reactive exports reactive power measurement link to, reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link export the 8th adder to, exporting to of the 8th adder opened or low restriction output unit and the 4th multiplier of encouraging of locking, open or locking is low encourage restriction output unit export the 4th multiplier and the 9th adder to, the 4th multiplier export proportional component to, the output of proportional component is by governing loop to the nine adders, the 9th adder export Gao Bimen after PID regulon to.
The wherein said low limiting unit of encouraging can also be embodied as: comprise the low compensating unit of set end voltage, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging, generator terminal voltage inputs to voltage measurement link, voltage measurement link export the low compensating unit of set end voltage to, the low compensating unit of set end voltage exports the 5th multiplier to, generated power exports active power measurement link to, active power measurement link exports the low restriction definite value table of encouraging to, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging exports the 5th multiplier to, and the output of the 5th multiplier exports the tenth adder to by filtering link; Generator reactive exports reactive power measurement link to, and reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link export the tenth adder to, the output of the tenth adder exports voltage signal summing point adder to by correction link.
Wherein said mistake is encouraged limiting unit and be can be implemented as: include given value of current value selected cell, calculate heat accumulation unit, transient current reaches top value judging unit, superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, top value or mistake are encouraged action judging unit, allow again to cross and encourage judging unit, open or locking is crossed and is encouraged output unit, rotor current is input to measurement links, the output of measurement links is input to correction link simultaneously, transient current reaches top value judging unit and calculates heat accumulation unit, described correction link export second adder to, given value of current value selected cell also exports second adder to, second adder export the first multiplier to, the output of described calculating heat accumulation unit is with reaching definite value judging unit up to superheat value and again crossing and encourage judging unit, the output that superheat value reaches definite value judging unit with up to open or locking, cross encourage in output unit or door, again cross the NAND gate of encouraging in judging unit, the output that described transient current reaches definite value judging unit is with up to top value or cross to encourage and move the not gate of judging unit, open or locking cross encourage in output unit or door, open or locking cross encourage in output unit or door export the first multiplier to, the ratio that exports to the unit of the first multiplier, ratio unit export the 3rd adder to, the output of the 3rd adder is to first low than door before PID regulon.
Wherein said mistake is encouraged limiting unit and can also be embodied as: include given value of current value selected cell, calculate heat accumulation unit, transient current reaches top value judging unit, superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, top value or mistake are encouraged action judging unit, allow again to cross and encourage judging unit, open or locking is crossed and is encouraged output unit, rotor current is input to measurement links, the output of measurement links is input to correction link simultaneously, transient current reaches top value judging unit and calculates heat accumulation unit, described correction link export second adder to, given value of current value selected cell also exports second adder to, second adder export the first multiplier to, the output of described calculating heat accumulation unit is with reaching definite value judging unit up to superheat value and again crossing and encourage judging unit, the output that superheat value reaches definite value judging unit with up to open or locking, cross encourage in output unit or door and again cross and encourage the NAND gate in judging unit, the output that described transient current reaches definite value judging unit with up to top value or cross encourage the not gate of action judging unit and opening or locking cross encourage in output unit or, or door export the first multiplier to, the ratio that exports to the unit of the first multiplier, the output of ratio unit is by regulon to the three adders, the output of the 3rd adder is to low than door after PID regulon.
The present invention is on the basis of the multiple excitation system limiting unit operation principle of research and actual measurement characteristic, set up to cross and encouraged restriction, low restriction, stator overload restriction (comprising two kinds of stator over-current restriction, maximum reactive power limits) three class models of encouraging, and provided respectively that unit output is connected to before PID governing loop through high (low) than door, after PID governing loop and be connected to model structure and the parameter under the various ways such as voltage summing point, can select according to actual device.Through emulation testing, institute's established model having stable behavior is reliable, and definite value is accurate, conforms to device actual measurement characteristic, meets engineering application requirements; In power system analysis, consider after the impact of limiting unit model, make analysis result more realistic, can avoid or reduce the power system stability problem of bringing due to the deviation of result of calculation, for accurate instruction power system development planning and safety in production operation significant.In addition this model also can for the technical staff who carries out excitation system simulation study with reference to.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is (from shunt excitation) generator excited system illustraton of model that comprises limiting unit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 was the structural representation of encouraging limiting unit;
Fig. 3 is stator over-current limiting unit structural representation;
Fig. 4 is maximum reactive power limits cellular construction schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the low structural representation that limiting unit is connected to Gao Bimen of encouraging;
Fig. 6 is the low structural representation that limiting unit is connected to voltage summing point of encouraging.
Embodiment
The present invention is on the basis of the multiple excitation system limiting unit operation principle of research and actual measurement characteristic, set up to cross and encouraged restriction, low restriction, stator overload restriction (comprising two kinds of stator over-current restriction, the maximum reactive power limits) model of encouraging, and provide respectively that Liao Ge unit output is connected to before PID regulon through high (low) than door, after PID regulon and be connected to model structure and the parameter under the various ways such as voltage summing point, can select according to actual device, the output point of three limiting units can be selected arbitrarily between solid line and dotted line, combination in any.The access way of each limiting unit is shown in that shown in Fig. 1 (Fig. 1 is whole generator excited system model),, except three limiting units, other each unit is all prior aries.Through emulation testing, institute's established model having stable behavior is reliable, and definite value is accurate, conforms to device actual measurement characteristic, meets engineering application requirements.
Embodiment mono-: as shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit, comprise and lowly encourage limiting unit, cross and to encourage limiting unit, stator overload limiting unit, PID regulon, power amplification unit.The input of described stator overload limiting unit has generated power P, generator reactive Q and Generator end electric current I t, the output of described stator overload limiting unit is connected to the low ratio door LV1 input before PID regulon, the low output than door LV1 is connected to the input of the low ratio door LV2 before PID regulon, generator terminal voltage Vt and generator reactive Q input to Tiao Cha unit, Tiao Cha unit exports first adder to, voltage given value Vref also inputs to first adder, the output of first adder inputs to the Gao Bimen HV1 before PID regulon, exporting to of Gao Bimen HV1 is low than door LV2, the low output than door LV2 is connected to voltage summing point adder, PSS exports voltage summing point adder to, voltage summing point adder export PID regulon to, the output of PID regulon is through a low ratio door LV3, after Gao Bimen HV2 to power amplification unit, power amplification unit output generator rotor voltage Efd.
As shown in Figure 3, stator over-current limiting unit is one type that stator overload limits.Stator over-current limiting unit includes and calculates heat accumulation unit, superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, allows overcurrent judging unit again, Generator end electric current I t inputs to current measurement link, the output of current measurement link is same up to correction link and calculating heat accumulation unit, the output of correction link and stator current restriction set-point export the 4th adder to, the 6th multiplier that exports stator current or idle adjusting selected cell to of the 4th adder.Generator reactive Q inputs to reactive power measurement link, the output of reactive power measurement link and idle set-point export slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass to, the 7th multiplier that exports stator current or idle adjusting selected cell to of slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass, stator current or idle adjusting selected cell export proportional component to, proportional component exports adder open or locking stator current restriction output unit to.The superheat value that exports to of calculating heat accumulation unit reaches definite value judging unit and allows overcurrent judging unit again, superheat value reaches the not gate of the 6th multiplier, opening or locking stator current restriction output unit that exporting to of definite value judging unit allow again the NAND gate of overcurrent judging unit (this NAND gate is connected with the multiplier that superheat value reaches definite value judging unit), stator current or idle adjusting selected cell, the output of not gate and locking value E are to multiplier, multiplier export adder to, exporting to of adder is first low than a door LV1 input.
Described mistake is encouraged limiting unit can be connected to low than low than a door LV3 after door LV1 or PID regulon before PID regulon.Be illustrated in figure 2 and encouraged the structure chart that limiting unit is connected to the low ratio door LV1 before PID regulon, described mistake is encouraged limiting unit and is included calculating heat accumulation unit, transient current reaches top value judging unit, superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, top value or mistake are encouraged action judging unit, allow again to cross and encourage judging unit, open or locking is crossed and is encouraged output unit, rotor current Ifd is input to measurement links, the output of measurement links is input to correction link simultaneously, transient current reaches top value judging unit and calculates heat accumulation unit, the output of wherein said correction link and the output of given value of current value selected cell are jointly to second adder, second adder export the first multiplier to.The output of described calculating heat accumulation unit is again crossed and is encouraged judging unit with reaching the adder of definite value judging unit up to superheat value and allowing, the output that superheat value reaches definite value judging unit with up to open or locking, cross encourage in output unit or door, allowed again to cross NAND gate, the top value of encouraging in judging unit or cross encourage action judging unit or door, described top value or cross encourage move judging unit or export given value of current value selected cell to.Described transient current reach definite value judging unit export top value to simultaneously or cross not gate, opening or the locking encourage action judging unit cross encourage in output unit or door, open or locking cross encourage in output unit or door export the first multiplier to, the ratio that exports to the unit of the first multiplier, ratio unit export the 3rd adder to, also to the of output three adders of encouraging multiplier in output unit are crossed in open or locking, and exporting to before PID regulon of the 3rd adder is low than a door LV1.
Served as and encouraged limiting unit and be connected to after PID regulon lowly during than door LV3, between the output of proportional component that only need be in Fig. 2 and the input of the 3rd adder, added governing loop, other is identical with Fig. 2.
The described low limiting unit of encouraging can be connected to the Gao Bimen HV1 before PID regulon, or Gao Bimen HV2 after PID regulon, also can be connected to voltage summing point adder.Be illustrated in figure 5 the low structure chart that limiting unit is connected to the front Gao Bimen HV1 of PID regulon of encouraging, the described low limiting unit of encouraging comprises the low compensating unit of set end voltage, low restriction definite value table unit, opening or the low restriction output unit of encouraging of locking of encouraging, generator terminal voltage Vt inputs to voltage measurement link, voltage measurement link export the low compensating unit of set end voltage to, the low compensating unit of set end voltage exports the 3rd multiplier to.Generated power P exports active power measurement link to, and active power measurement link exports the low restriction definite value table unit of encouraging to, and the low restriction definite value table unit of encouraging exports the 3rd multiplier to, and the output of the 3rd multiplier exports the 8th adder to by filtering link; Generator reactive Q exports reactive power measurement link to, reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link export the 8th adder to, exporting to of the 8th adder opened or low restriction output unit and the 4th multiplier of encouraging of locking, the 4th multiplier export proportional component to, proportional component export the 9th adder to, open or locking is low encourage restriction output unit export the 4th multiplier and the 9th adder to, the 9th adder export the Gao Bimen HV1 before PID regulon to.
When low encourage limiting unit be connected to PID regulon after during Gao Bimen HV2, only need be adding governing loop between the output of the proportional component in Fig. 5 and the input of second adder, other is the same with structure in Fig. 5.
Be illustrated in figure 6 the low structure chart that limiting unit is connected to voltage summing point adder of encouraging, now the low limiting unit of encouraging comprises the low compensating unit of set end voltage, the low restriction definite value table unit of encouraging, generator terminal voltage Vt inputs to voltage measurement link, voltage measurement link export the low compensating unit of set end voltage to, the low compensating unit of set end voltage exports the 5th multiplier to; Generated power P exports active power measurement link to, and active power measurement link exports the low restriction definite value table unit of encouraging to, and the low restriction definite value table unit of encouraging exports the 5th multiplier to, and the output of the 5th multiplier exports the tenth adder to by filtering link; Generator reactive Q exports reactive power measurement link to, and reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link export the tenth adder to, the output of the tenth adder exports voltage signal summing point adder to by correction link.
Embodiment bis-: the invention discloses a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit, different from embodiment mono-is, and stator overload limiting unit adopts is maximum reactive power limits unit, the output of maximum reactive power limits unit is to be connected to voltage summing point adder, and other is identical with embodiment mono-.
Be connected to voltage summing point adder maximum reactive power limits unit structure as shown in Figure 4, maximum reactive power limits unit includes maximum reactive power limits definite value table, whether limiter reaches definite value judging unit, limiter action delay timing unit, return to unit, generated power P inputs to active power measurement link, active power measurement link exports maximum reactive power limits definite value table to, maximum reactive power limits definite value table exports filtering link to, filtering link exports the 6th adder and the 7th adder to, generator reactive Q inputs to reactive power measurement link, reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link 1 exports the 6th adder and the 7th adder to, the exporting limiter to and whether reach definite value judging unit of the 6th adder, the output whether limiter reaches definite value judging unit by limiter action delay timing unit to returning to unit, the output of the 7th adder is by correction link 2 to second multipliers, described in return to also to the second of the output multiplier of unit, the second multiplier export voltage summing point adder to.
Embodiment tri-: the invention discloses a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit, different from embodiment mono-is that stator over-current limiting unit is not the input that is connected to the low ratio door LV1 before PID regulon, but is connected to the input of the low ratio door LV3 after PID regulon.Stator over-current limiting unit now and the difference of the stator over-current limiting unit in Fig. 3 are: this stator current limiting unit need to increase governing loop between proportional component and second adder, and other is all identical with embodiment mono-.
Below the principle of each limiting unit is described:
One, cross and encourage limiting unit function declaration
Cross encourage limiting unit output in two kinds of situation: low than a door LV1 before a kind of PID of being connected to regulon, a kind of be connected to after PID regulon low than a door LV3.As shown in Figure 2, cross and encourage after restriction (comprising top value restriction) action (encouraging limit movement refers to that rotor heat accumulation reaches setting value excessively), excitation control mode transfers rotor current closed-loop adjustment mode to by AVR adjuster (automatic voltage regulative mode), and rotor current is restricted to set-point.
1, cross encourage limiting unit output be connected to before PID link unit low than the structure chart of door LV1 as shown in Figure 2, to each Elementary Function introduction shown in Fig. 2:
1. " calculate heat accumulation B ’” unit: in this element, include multiplier, adder, integral element, the signal of measurement links inputs to multiplier, the output of multiplier and If ∞ are to adder, and the value that the output of adder is exported after integral element is heat accumulation B '.
B '=∫ (Ifd
2-If ∞
2) dt, wherein Ifd is actual measurement rotor current value, and If ∞ is that rotor current allows runtime value for a long time, and heat accumulation B ' can add and can subtract, but minimumly can not be less than 0.
2. " superheat value reach definite value judgement " unit: this element includes adder, multiplier, judging unit, allow again to cross and encourage so far multiplier of the output of judging unit and overheated coefficient B, the output of multiplier and heat accumulation value B ' are to adder, and the output of adder judges.
B is overheated coefficient, and rotor is crossed heat accumulation maximum permissible value B=(I
fmax 2-If ∞
2) * tmax, tmax is I
fmaxthe lower permission time, I
fmaxrefer to rotor current maximum permissible value, also claim top value.
If B '-B > 0, crosses and encourage action, be output as 1; B '-B≤0, crosses to encourage and does not move, and is output as 0.
Encouraging after action crossing, overheated coefficient B is blocked, guaranteed to encourage always in operate condition, during do not allow again to cross and encourage; After superheat value B ' is less than setting value (return value), overheated coefficient B is open, allows again to cross and encourage.
3. " transient current reach top value judgement " unit: rotor current Ifd reaches the top value 1.02I of setting
fmaxhou，Gai unit is instantaneous is restricted to I by rotor current
fmax, and export 1 also maintenance, treat that electric current is less than 0.90I
fmaxafter be output as 0.
This unit can repeatedly move, but served as, encourages (overheated) and is blocked when operate condition.
4. " top value or cross and to encourage action judgement ", " selection of given value of current value " unit:
Top value or cross is encouraged action judging unit and to include a not gate and one or door, the input of not gate is the output that transient current reaches top value judging unit, the output of not gate and superheat value reach exporting to of definite value judging unit or door, or door export given value of current value selected cell to.
By judging top value, crossing the action situation of encouraging, select different set-points.Top value, cross encourage and output logic truth table as follows:
| Top value restriction | Cross and encourage restriction | Output valve | Select definite value |
| Motionless 0 | Motionless 0 | 1 | 0.95—1.0Ifn |
| Motionless 0 | Action 1 | 1 | 0.95—1.0Ifn |
| Action 1 | Motionless 0 | 0 | I fmax |
| Action 1 | Action 1 | 1 | 0.95—1.0Ifn |
5. " cross heat accumulation and reach after return value, allow again to cross and encourage judgement " unit: this unit includes NAND gate, and the input of NAND gate is the output that superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, and heat accumulation value B ' is through calculating B '-K
fHafter B, judge, judgement export NAND gate to, the superheat value that exports to of NAND gate reaches definite value judging unit.
The effect of this unit is after excessively encouraging limit movement, does not allow within a certain period of time rotor overcurrent again, until rotor heat accumulation value is got back to below setting value (return value), blocking time depends on the time that heat accumulation reduces.K wherein
fHfor overheated resetting ratio, for simulating the heat radiation time of generator amature, can set according to the setting parameter of actual device.
Heat accumulation B ', cross that to encourage operating value, return value and output logic truth table as follows:
6. " open or locking cross encourage output " unit: this element includes or door, not gate, multiplier, or the input of door is the output that output, transient current that superheat value reaches definite value judging unit reach top value judging unit, or door export the first multiplier and not gate to, the output of not gate and locking value E be to multiplier, multiplier export the 3rd adder to.
During normal operation, rotor current closed-loop adjustment mode is exported and is set to 0, mono-of locking value E(is greater than simultaneously AVR link export positive amplitude limit on the occasion of, guaranteeing to encourage restriction can malfunction) output, excitation controlling run regulates pattern at AVR.Served as and encouraged restriction, top value and limit any action, rotor current closed-loop adjustment mode has been exported to opening, locking value E loop has been set to 0 simultaneously, entered rotor current closed-loop adjustment, rotor current has been restricted to set-point.
7. owing to crossing, encourage restriction and compare than door with AVR link output access is low, if therefore served as, to encourage during limit movement recovery due to set end voltage while making rotor current be less than limits value, switchback AVR link operation automatically.
8. " governing loop " unit: low than MenLV3You Gai unit (parameter is with main ring PID) after output is connected to PID regulon, model and parameter are identical with the PID regulon parameter of AVR link; Output is connected to PID and regulates front low than a door LV1Ze Wugai unit (getting 1).
9. after guaranteeing to encourage limit movement, rotor current steadily can be reduced to set-point, and not cause greater impact, on measuring the current in the rotor passage, add a correction link.
10. in block diagram, parameter declaration is as follows:
Two, stator overload limiting unit function declaration
Stator overload restriction operation principle is divided two kinds: a kind of is to using stator current as measuring and restriction object, and action post regulator transfers stator current closed-loop adjustment mode to, and stator current is restricted to set-point; Another kind is to using P-Q curve as measuring and restriction object, and after deferred action, adjuster transfers permanent idle regulative mode to, and reactive power limits is arrived to set-point.
1, accompanying drawing 3 is shown in by stator over-current limiting unit structure chart.
Each Elementary Function is introduced:
1. " calculate heat accumulation B ’” unit (structure is identical with structure in Fig. 2): B '=∫ (It
2-It ∞
2) dt, wherein It is actual measurement stator current value, and It ∞ is that stator current allows runtime value for a long time, and heat accumulation can add and can subtract, but minimumly can not be less than 0.
2. " superheat value reaches definite value judgement " unit (structure is identical with structure in Fig. 2): B is overheated coefficient, and stator is crossed heat accumulation maximum permissible value B=(I
tmax 2-It ∞
2) * tmax, tmax is I
tmaxlower permission running time.
B '-B > 0, overcurrent action, is output as 1; B '-B≤0, overcurrent is not moving, is output as 0.
After overcurrent action, overheated coefficient B is blocked, and guarantees that overcurrent is always in operate condition, during do not allow overcurrent again; After superheat value B ' is less than setting value (return value), overheated coefficient B is open, allows overcurrent again.
3. " cross heat accumulation and reach after return value, allow again overcurrent judgement " unit (structure is identical with structure in Fig. 2): with crossing to encourage in restriction, with Elementary Function, narrate.
4. " stator current or idle adjusting select " unit: this element includes two multipliers, adder, not gate.
After stator over-current limit movement, stator current is reduced to given limits value, but reduce to 0 and stator current while not reaching yet set-point (occurring over just in the situation that generated power is greater than the specified apparent power of generator) when idle, stator current limiting unit will stop demagnetize, and transfer controlled plant to permanent idle adjusting, control and be idlely not less than 0.
5. " open or locking stator current restriction output " unit (compare with this element in Fig. 2 lacked one or): while normally moving, stator current closed-loop adjustment loop is set to 0, mono-of locking value E(is greater than simultaneously AVR link export positive amplitude limit on the occasion of, guaranteeing to encourage restriction can malfunction) output, conditioner operation regulates pattern at AVR.When stator over-current limit movement, that stator current closed-loop adjustment loop is open, locking value E loop is set to 0 simultaneously, enter stator current closed-loop adjustment, stator current is restricted to set-point.
6. " governing loop " unit: low than MenLV3You Gai unit (parameter is with main ring PID) after output is connected to PID, model and parameter are identical with the pid parameter of AVR; It is front low than a door LV1Ze Wugai unit (getting 1) that output is connected to PID.
7. due to stator over-current restriction and the access of AVR passage is low compares than door, therefore when stator current during stator over-current limit movement, get back to while being less than limits value, switchback AVR passage moves automatically.
8. after guaranteeing to encourage limit movement, stator current steadily can be reduced to set-point, and not cause greater impact, stator current is measured on passage and has been added a correction link.
9. in block diagram, parameter declaration is as follows:
2, maximum reactive power limits cellular construction figure is described below ，Ge unit as shown in Figure 4:
1. " maximum reactive power limits definite value Biao” unit: with 5 points (P1, Q1), (P2, Q2), (P3, Q3), (P4, Q4), (P5, Q5) defines maximum reactive power limits definite value, and other point, by the meritorious P of actual measurement, takes interpolation calculation to obtain corresponding reactive power limits definite value Qzd.
2. " limiter whether reach definite value judgement " unit: the idle Q of actual measurement and definite value Qzd comparison.Q-Qzd > 0, is output as 1, starts timing; Q-Qzd≤ 0, restriction is not moving, is output as 0, timing clear 0.
3. " timing of limiter action delay " unit: when generator reactive Q is greater than definite value, carry out timing, during get back to definite value when following, timing clear 0 as Q.
4. " limiter time delay T moves after second reactive power limits to setting value; keep returning after T ' second " unit: export 0 when normal, when generator reactive Q is greater than T over the definite value time continuously, the action of reactive power limits unit is restricted to set-point by generator reactive, output 1 also keeps the T ' adjusting to return after the time, exports 0 simultaneously.
This unit is exported 0 o'clock, and maximum reactive power limits output is forced to 0; This unit is exported 1 o'clock, will open maximum reactive power limits output valve to voltage summing point, moves in demagnetize, makes the idle setting value of getting back to.
5. in block diagram, parameter declaration is as follows:
Three, the low limiting unit function declaration of encouraging
Lowly encourage limiting unit output and have two kinds: a kind of is that mode with Gao Bimen accesses (before minute PID regulon and after PID regulon), when low, encourages after limit movement, and adjuster transfers permanent idle regulative mode to, by reactive power limits to set-point; Another kind is to be connected to voltage signal summing point, when low, encourages after limit movement, by increasing the regulative mode of regulator voltage set-point, reactive power limits is arrived to set-point.
1, lowly encourage limiting unit (accessing by Gao Bimen mode) structure chart as shown in Figure 5.
1. " low encouraging limited definite value Biao” unit: with 5 points (P1, Q1), (P2, Q2), (P3, Q3), (P4, Q4), (P5, Q5) defines into phase reactive power limits definite value, and other point, by the meritorious P of actual measurement, takes interpolation calculation to obtain the corresponding low reactive power limits definite value of encouraging.
2. " the low compensation of set end voltage " unit: object be at set end voltage when in rated value, the low restriction definite value of encouraging is raised to restriction under-excitation ability.The definite value being obtained by interpolation calculation (is multiplied by U after voltage compensation
2) after as physical constraints definite value Qzd.This voltage compensation unit can be thrown and move back selection according to practical adjustments device situation.
3. " open or locking low encourage restriction output " unit: the idle Q of actual measurement and definite value Qzd comparison.Qzd-Q > 0, is output as 1, limit movement; Qzd-Q≤0, restriction is not moving, is output as 0.
During normal operation, Reactance Closed Loop regulating loop is set to 0, simultaneously by negative value lower than the negative amplitude limit of AVR link output of locking value E(, guarantee low encourage restriction can malfunction) output, conditioner operation regulates pattern at AVR.When the low limit movement of encouraging, will be open without closed-loop adjustment loop, locking value E loop is set to 0 simultaneously, enter normal Reactance Closed Loop and regulate, reactive power limits is arrived to set-point.
4. " governing loop " unit: after output is connected to PID Gao Bimen HV2You Gai unit (parameter is with AVR channel PID), model and parameter are identical with the pid parameter of AVR; Output is connected to the front Gao Bimen HV1Ze Wugai unit (getting 1) of PID regulon.
5. due to low, encourage restriction and compare with AVR passage access Gao Bimen, therefore the idle limits value of getting back to is when above during encouraging limit movement when low, and switchback AVR passage moves automatically.
6. in block diagram, parameter declaration is as follows:
2, lowly encourage limiting unit (being connected to voltage signal summing point) structure chart as shown in Figure 6, each Elementary Function is described below:
1. " low encouraging limited definite value Biao” unit: the same.
2. " the low compensation of set end voltage " unit: the same.
While 3. normally moving, the idle Q of actual measurement and definite value Qzd comparison.Qzd-Q > 0, limit movement, is output as one on the occasion of to voltage summing point, moves and makes the idle restriction definite value of getting back in increasing magnetic; Qzd-Q≤0, restriction is not moving, and bottoming width is 0.
4. in block diagram, parameter declaration is as follows:
Claims (11)
1. a generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit, comprise the low limiting unit of encouraging, cross and encourage limiting unit, PID regulon, power amplification unit, it is characterized in that: also include stator overload limiting unit, the input of described stator overload limiting unit has generator reactive and Generator end electric current, the output of described stator overload limiting unit is connected to front the first low ratio door of PID regulon, the first low output than door connects a second low ratio door input, generator terminal voltage and generator reactive input to Tiao Cha unit, Tiao Cha unit exports first adder to, voltage given value also inputs to first adder, the output of first adder inputs to the Gao Bimen before PID regulon, Gao Bimen export to second low than door, the second low output than door is connected to voltage summing point adder, PSS unit exports voltage summing point adder to, voltage summing point adder export PID regulon to, the low ratio door of PID regulon output after PID regulon, Gao Bimen is to power amplification unit, power amplification unit output generator rotor voltage.
2. a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stator overload limiting unit is stator over-current limiting unit, stator over-current limiting unit includes and calculates heat accumulation unit, superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, allow overcurrent judging unit again, Generator end electric current inputs to current measurement link, the output of current measurement link is same up to correction link and calculating heat accumulation unit, the output of correction link and stator current restriction set-point export the 4th adder to, the 6th multiplier that exports stator current or idle adjusting selected cell to of the 4th adder, generator reactive inputs to reactive power measurement link, reactive power measurement link exports slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass to, idle set-point exports slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass to, the 7th multiplier that exports stator current or idle adjusting selected cell to of slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass, stator current or idle adjusting selected cell export proportional component to, proportional component exports open or locking stator current restriction output unit to, the superheat value that exports to of calculating heat accumulation unit reaches definite value judging unit and overcurrent judging unit again, export to again overcurrent judging unit and stator current or idle adjusting selected cell, opening or locking stator current that superheat value reaches definite value judging unit limit output unit, and open or locking stator current restriction output unit exports front the first low ratio door of PID regulon to.
3. a generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit, comprise the low limiting unit of encouraging, cross and encourage limiting unit, PID regulon, power amplification unit, it is characterized in that: also include stator overload limiting unit, the input of described stator overload limiting unit has generated power, generator reactive, the output of described stator overload limiting unit is connected to voltage summing point adder, generator terminal voltage and generator reactive input to Tiao Cha unit, Tiao Cha unit exports first adder to, voltage given value also inputs to first adder, the output of first adder inputs to the Gao Bimen before PID regulon, Gao Bimen export to second low than door, the first low output than door connects the input of described the second low ratio door, described the second low output than door is connected to voltage summing point adder, PSS exports voltage summing point adder to, voltage summing point adder export PID regulon to, the low ratio door of PID regulon output after PID regulon, Gao Bimen is to power amplification unit, power amplification unit output generator rotor voltage.
4. a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described stator overload limiting unit adopts maximum reactive power limits unit, maximum reactive power limits unit includes maximum reactive power limits definite value table, generated power inputs to active power measurement link, active power measurement link exports maximum reactive power limits definite value table to, maximum reactive power limits definite value table exports filtering link to, filtering link exports the 6th adder and the 7th adder to, generator reactive inputs to reactive power measurement link, reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link exports the 6th adder and the 7th adder to, the exporting limiter to and whether reach definite value judging unit of the 6th adder, the output whether limiter reaches definite value judging unit by limiter action delay timing unit to returning to unit, return to second multiplier that exports to of unit, the output of the 7th adder is by correction link to the second multiplier, the second multiplier export voltage summing point adder to.
5. a generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit, comprise the low limiting unit of encouraging, cross and encourage limiting unit, PID regulon, power amplification unit, it is characterized in that: also include stator overload limiting unit, the input of described stator overload limiting unit has generator reactive and Generator end electric current, the output of described stator over-current limiting unit is connected to the input of the low ratio door after PID regulon, the first low output than door before PID regulon connects the input of the second low ratio door, generator terminal voltage and generator reactive input to Tiao Cha unit, Tiao Cha unit exports first adder to, voltage given value also inputs to first adder, the output of first adder inputs to the Gao Bimen before PID regulon, Gao Bimen export to second low than door, the second low output than door is connected to voltage summing point adder, PSS exports voltage summing point adder to, voltage summing point adder export PID regulon to, the low ratio door of PID regulon output after PID regulon, Gao Bimen is to power amplification unit, power amplification unit output generator rotor voltage.
6. a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described stator overload limiting unit adopts stator over-current limiting unit, stator over-current limiting unit includes and calculates heat accumulation unit, superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, allow overcurrent judging unit again, Generator end electric current inputs to current measurement link, the output of current measurement link is same up to correction link and calculating heat accumulation unit, the output of correction link and stator current restriction set-point export the 4th adder to, the 6th multiplier that exports stator current or idle adjusting selected cell to of the 4th adder, generator reactive inputs to reactive power measurement link, reactive power measurement link exports slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass to, idle set-point exports slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass to, the 7th multiplier that exports stator current or idle adjusting selected cell to of slender acanthopanax musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass, stator current or idle adjusting selected cell export proportional component to, proportional component output limits output unit by governing loop to open or locking stator current, the superheat value that exports to of calculating heat accumulation unit reaches definite value judging unit and overcurrent judging unit again, what superheat value reached definite value judging unit exports again overcurrent judging unit and stator current or idle adjusting selected cell, opening or locking stator current restriction output unit to, and open or locking stator current restriction output unit exports to after PID regulon low than door.
7. according to a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit described in claim 2 or 4 or 6, it is characterized in that: the described low limiting unit of encouraging comprises the low compensating unit of set end voltage, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging, open or the low restriction output unit of encouraging of locking, generator terminal voltage inputs to voltage measurement link, voltage measurement link export the low compensating unit of set end voltage to, the low compensating unit of set end voltage exports the 3rd multiplier to, generated power exports active power measurement link to, active power measurement link exports the low restriction definite value table of encouraging to, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging exports the 3rd multiplier to, the output of the 3rd multiplier exports the 8th adder to by filtering link, generator reactive exports reactive power measurement link to, reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link export the 8th adder to, exporting to of the 8th adder opened or low restriction output unit and the 4th multiplier of encouraging of locking, open or locking is low encourage restriction output unit export the 4th multiplier and the 9th adder to, the 4th multiplier export proportional component to, proportional component export the 9th adder to, the 9th adder export Gao Bimen before PID regulon to.
8. according to a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit described in claim 2 or 4 or 6, it is characterized in that: the described low limiting unit of encouraging comprises the low compensating unit of set end voltage, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging, open or the low restriction output unit of encouraging of locking, generator terminal voltage inputs to voltage measurement link, voltage measurement link export the low compensating unit of set end voltage to, the low compensating unit of set end voltage exports the 3rd multiplier to, generated power exports active power measurement link to, active power measurement link exports the low restriction definite value table of encouraging to, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging exports the 3rd multiplier to, the output of the 3rd multiplier exports the 8th adder to by filtering link, generator reactive exports reactive power measurement link to, reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link export the 8th adder to, exporting to of the 8th adder opened or low restriction output unit and the 4th multiplier of encouraging of locking, open or locking is low encourage restriction output unit export the 4th multiplier and the 9th adder to, the 4th multiplier export proportional component to, the output of proportional component is by governing loop to the nine adders, the 9th adder export Gao Bimen after PID regulon to.
9. according to a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit described in claim 2 or 4 or 6, it is characterized in that: the described low limiting unit of encouraging comprises the low compensating unit of set end voltage, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging, generator terminal voltage inputs to voltage measurement link, voltage measurement link export the low compensating unit of set end voltage to, the low compensating unit of set end voltage exports the 5th multiplier to, generated power exports active power measurement link to, active power measurement link exports the low restriction definite value table of encouraging to, the low restriction definite value table of encouraging exports the 5th multiplier to, the output of the 5th multiplier exports the tenth adder to by filtering link, generator reactive exports reactive power measurement link to, and reactive power measurement link exports correction link to, correction link export the tenth adder to, the output of the tenth adder exports voltage signal summing point adder to by correction link.
10. according to a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit described in claim 7 or 8 or 9, it is characterized in that: described mistake is encouraged limiting unit and included given value of current value selected cell, calculate heat accumulation unit, transient current reaches top value judging unit, superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, top value or mistake are encouraged action judging unit, allow again to cross and encourage judging unit, open or locking is crossed and is encouraged output unit, rotor current is input to measurement links, the output of measurement links is input to correction link simultaneously, transient current reaches top value judging unit and calculates heat accumulation unit, described correction link export second adder to, given value of current value selected cell also exports second adder to, second adder export the first multiplier to, the output of described calculating heat accumulation unit is with reaching definite value judging unit up to superheat value and again crossing and encourage judging unit, the output that superheat value reaches definite value judging unit with up to open or locking, cross encourage in output unit or door, again cross the NAND gate of encouraging in judging unit, the output that described transient current reaches definite value judging unit is with up to top value or cross to encourage and move the not gate of judging unit, open or locking cross encourage in output unit or door, open or locking cross encourage in output unit or door export the first multiplier to, the ratio that exports to the unit of the first multiplier, ratio unit export the 3rd adder to, the output of the 3rd adder is to first low than door before PID regulon.
11. according to a kind of generator excited system that includes polymorphic type limiting unit described in claim 7 or 8 or 9, it is characterized in that: described mistake is encouraged limiting unit and included given value of current value selected cell, calculate heat accumulation unit, transient current reaches top value judging unit, superheat value reaches definite value judging unit, top value or mistake are encouraged action judging unit, allow again to cross and encourage judging unit, open or locking is crossed and is encouraged output unit, rotor current is input to measurement links, the output of measurement links is input to correction link simultaneously, transient current reaches top value judging unit and calculates heat accumulation unit, described correction link export second adder to, given value of current value selected cell also exports second adder to, second adder export the first multiplier to, the output of described calculating heat accumulation unit is with reaching definite value judging unit up to superheat value and again crossing and encourage judging unit, the output that superheat value reaches definite value judging unit with up to open or locking, cross encourage in output unit or door and again cross and encourage the NAND gate in judging unit, the output that described transient current reaches definite value judging unit with up to top value or cross encourage the not gate of action judging unit and opening or locking cross encourage in output unit or, or door export the first multiplier to, the ratio that exports to the unit of the first multiplier, the output of ratio unit is by regulon to the three adders, the output of the 3rd adder is to low than door after PID regulon.
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| CN105024601A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2015-11-04 | 国家电网公司 | Power generator excitation low excitation limit method and device |
| CN106532742A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-03-22 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Novel AVR excitation system transfer function model |
| CN106533290A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-03-22 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Stator current limiting method and apparatus for generator automatic voltage regulator |
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| CN109802444A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-05-24 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司火力发电技术研究院 | A kind of mistake encourages limitation and overcurrent protection dynamic fit appraisal procedure |
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| CN115133823A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-09-30 | 广州擎天实业有限公司 | Control method and device of excitation system |
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| CN115133823A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-09-30 | 广州擎天实业有限公司 | Control method and device of excitation system |
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