CN103515608A - Graphene/sulfur composite material and preparation method thereof, battery positive electrode and preparation method thereof, and battery - Google Patents

Graphene/sulfur composite material and preparation method thereof, battery positive electrode and preparation method thereof, and battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103515608A
CN103515608A CN201210215742.7A CN201210215742A CN103515608A CN 103515608 A CN103515608 A CN 103515608A CN 201210215742 A CN201210215742 A CN 201210215742A CN 103515608 A CN103515608 A CN 103515608A
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graphene
composite material
preparation
battery
sulphur composite
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周明杰
钟玲珑
王要兵
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Oceans King Lighting Science and Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Oceans King Lighting Science and Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Oceans King Lighting Engineering Co Ltd
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Oceans King Lighting Science and Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Oceans King Lighting Engineering Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of electrochemistry, and discloses a graphene/sulfur composite material and a preparation method thereof, a battery positive electrode and a preparation method thereof, and a battery. The graphene/sulfur composite material comprises graphene and elemental sulfur at a mass ratio of (1-5):(5-9), moreover, the elemental sulfur is embedded into the microcellular structure of the graphene. According to the graphene/sulfur composite material provided by the invention, the elemental sulfur is embedded into the microcellular structure of the graphene, a graphene/elemental sulfur composite material is prepared, the microcellular structure of the graphene with high specific surface area can prevent loss of a discharging product of sulfur, so that the solubility is reduced; meanwhile, since the graphene has high conductivity and is fully contacted with the elemental sulfur, the conductivity of a sulfur electrode is improved.

Description

Graphene/sulphur composite material and preparation method thereof, anode and preparation method thereof and battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrochemical material, relate in particular to a kind of Graphene/sulphur composite material and preparation method thereof.The invention still further relates to a kind of this Graphene/sulphur composite material that uses as anode of positive electrode active materials and preparation method thereof.The invention still further relates to a kind of battery that uses described anode.
Background technology
Along with the development of various new forms of energy, the miniaturization development of portable electric appts and the widespread demand of electric automobile to large-capacity high-power chemical power source.Current commercial lithium ion battery adopts inorganic positive pole/graphite system mostly, and wherein these positive electrodes are mainly LiFePO4s, LiMn2O4, cobalt acid lithium, the system of lithium nickelate and mixing.Although the chemical property of this class system is excellent, due to itself capacity lower (as the theoretical 170mAh/g of LiFePO4), complicated process of preparation, the shortcoming that high in cost of production is many.So the positive electrode of other kind of development of new has been subject to people's attention widely.
The advantages such as the elemental sulfur of usining has high theoretical specific capacity and specific energy as the lithium-sulfur cell system of positive electrode, cheap, and environmental pollution is little, had been subject to paying close attention to widely in the last few years, were one of positive electrodes the most competitive in lithium battery of future generation.But due to the insulation characterisitic of elemental sulfur, (room-temperature conductivity is 5 * 10 -30s/cm) and the highly dissoluble of its discharging product in organic electrolyte, hindered the commercialization process of lithium-sulfur cell.There are some researches show the performance that can effectively improve sulfur electrode by the compound method of sulphur carbon, this is the conductivity that can suppress the dissolving of discharging product and improve sulfur electrode due to the high-specific surface area of material with carbon element and absorption property, thereby improves the utilance of active material and the cycle performance of battery.
Summary of the invention
Based on the problems referred to above, problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Graphene/sulphur composite material.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
/ sulphur composite material, comprise that mass ratio is Graphene and the elemental sulfur of 1 ~ 5:5 ~ 9, and elemental sulfur is embedded in the microcellular structure of Graphene.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Graphene/sulphur composite material, comprises the steps:
S1, Graphene and elemental sulfur (preferably 100 object elemental sulfurs) are ground 2 ~ 5 hours according to the ratio of mass ratio 1 ~ 5:5 ~ 9, obtain mixed powder; Grinding can select agate mortar or ball mill to carry out, preferred spheres grinding machine;
In S2, oxygen-free environment, mixed powder is first placed at 170 ℃ to heat preservation sintering 6 hours, is warming up to subsequently 280 ℃, then heat preservation sintering 3 hours, be finally cooled to room temperature, obtain described Graphene/sulphur composite material; Heat preservation sintering process is to carry out in vacuum tube furnace.
The preparation method of described Graphene/sulphur composite material, in step S1, described Graphene adopts following steps to make:
S11, graphite oxide is placed in to the ultrasonic 1 ~ 5h of water, obtains the suspension that concentration is 0.1 ~ 20g/L;
S12, the KOH solution that is 0.1 ~ 10mol/L by concentration join in above-mentioned suspension, stir, and obtain condensation product; Wherein, the mass ratio of KOH and graphite oxide is 1 ~ 30:1;
S13, filter condensation product, 60 ~ 80 ℃ of dry 24 ~ 48h, obtain pressed powder, then pressed powder are put into Muffle furnace, 800 ~ 1200 ℃ of reaction 1 ~ 5h, cooling after, washing, dryly obtain described Graphene.
The present invention also provides a kind of anode, comprises aluminium foil and is coated in the positive electrode on aluminium foil, and wherein, described positive electrode comprises that mass ratio is above-mentioned Graphene/sulphur composite material, Kynoar binding agent and the acetylene black of 85:5:10.
The preparation method of above-mentioned anode, comprises the steps:
Graphene/sulphur composite material, Kynoar binding agent and acetylene black that A1, mass ratio are 85:5:10 mix, and make slurry;
A2, slurry is coated on aluminium foil, drying, roll film, trimming is processed, and makes anode.
The present invention also provides a kind of battery, the above-mentioned anode of positive pole of this battery; The assembling of this battery is as follows:.
By positive pole, barrier film, negative pole in order stacked group dress up battery core, then use battery housing seal battery core, by the liquid injection port being arranged on battery container, in battery container, inject electrolyte subsequently, sealing liquid injection port, obtains battery; This battery is lithium-sulfur cell.
In above-mentioned lithium-sulfur cell, the solute electrolyte in electrolyte adopts LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiTFSI (LiN (SO 2cF 3) 2) or LiFSI (LiN (SO 2f) 2) etc.; The concentration of electrolyte is generally 1mol/L; Solvent adopts one or more mixing in dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and acetonitrile.
Graphene/sulphur composite material provided by the invention, elemental sulfur is embedded in the microcellular structure of Graphene, has prepared Graphene/elemental sulfur composite material, and the microcellular structure of the Graphene of high-specific surface area can prevent the loss of the discharging product of sulphur, has reduced dissolubility; Simultaneously due to the high conductivity of Graphene and with elemental sulfur fully contact the conductivity that has improved sulfur electrode.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the battery structure schematic diagram of embodiment 5.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1 ~ 4th, the preparation method of Graphene/sulphur composite material, and embodiment 5 ~ 8th, and material prepared by the embodiment 1 ~ 4 of usining is as the application of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode.
Embodiment 1
1, the preparation of Graphene:
(1) graphite oxide is placed in to the ultrasonic 1h of water, obtains the suspension that concentration is 0.1g/L,
(2) the KOH solution that configuration concentration is 0.1mol/L, joins KOH solution in above-mentioned suspension, stirs until there is condensation product, and wherein the quality of KOH and graphite oxide is respectively 10g and 10g;
(3) condensation product obtained above is filtered, 60 ℃ of dry 48h, obtain pressed powder, then pressed powder are put into Muffle furnace, 800 ℃ of reaction 5h, cooling after, washing, the dry Graphene that obtains high-specific surface area.
2, the preparation of Graphene/sulphur composite material:
The 6g Graphene obtaining and 6g elemental sulfur (100 orders are analyzed pure) are fully ground evenly in agate mortar.Then put into ball mill ball milling 2 hours.Mixture after grinding is put into vacuum tube furnace, in lasting nitrogen or argon shield atmosphere, be first warmed up to 170 ℃, be incubated 6 hours.Then temperature is controlled to 280 ℃ of left and right, is incubated 3 hours, can obtain sulfur mass fraction 50% Graphene/sulphur composite material.
Embodiment 2
1, the preparation of Graphene:
(1) graphite oxide is placed in to the ultrasonic 5h of water, obtains the suspension that concentration is 20g/L,
(2) the KOH solution that configuration concentration is 10mol/L, joins KOH solution in above-mentioned suspension, stirs until there is condensation product, and wherein the quality of KOH and graphite oxide is respectively 300g and 10g;
(3) condensation product obtained above is filtered, 80 ℃ of dry 24h, obtain pressed powder, then pressed powder are put into Muffle furnace, 1200 ℃ of reaction 1h, cooling after, washing, the dry Graphene that obtains high-specific surface area.
2, the preparation of Graphene/sulphur composite material:
The 6g Graphene obtaining and 54g elemental sulfur (100 orders are analyzed pure) are fully ground evenly in agate mortar.Then put into ball mill ball milling 5 hours.Mixture after grinding is put into vacuum tube furnace, in lasting nitrogen or argon shield atmosphere, be first warmed up to 170 ℃, be incubated 6 hours.Then temperature is controlled to 280 ℃ of left and right, is incubated 3 hours, can obtain sulfur mass fraction 90% Graphene/sulphur composite material.
Embodiment 3
1, the preparation of Graphene:
(1) graphite oxide is placed in to the ultrasonic 2h of water, obtains the suspension that concentration is 10g/L,
(2) the KOH solution that configuration concentration is 2mol/L, joins KOH solution in above-mentioned suspension, stirs until there is condensation product, and wherein the quality of KOH and graphite oxide is respectively 50g and 10g;
(3) condensation product obtained above is filtered, 70 ℃ of dry 36h, obtain pressed powder, then pressed powder are put into Muffle furnace, 900 ℃ of reaction 4h, cooling after, washing, the dry Graphene that obtains high-specific surface area.
2, the preparation of Graphene/sulphur composite material:
The 6g graphene with high specific surface obtaining and 9g elemental sulfur (100 orders are analyzed pure) are fully ground evenly in agate mortar.Then put into ball mill ball milling 3 hours.Mixture after grinding is put into vacuum tube furnace, in lasting nitrogen or argon shield atmosphere, be first warmed up to 170 ℃, be incubated 6 hours.Then temperature is controlled to 280 ℃ of left and right, is incubated 3 hours, can obtain sulfur mass fraction 60% Graphene/sulphur composite material.
Embodiment 4
1, the preparation of Graphene:
(1) graphite oxide is placed in to the ultrasonic 3h of water, obtains the suspension that concentration is 15g/L,
(2) the KOH solution that configuration concentration is 5mol/L, joins KOH solution in above-mentioned suspension, stirs until there is condensation product, and wherein the quality of KOH and graphite oxide is respectively 150g and 10g;
(3) condensation product obtained above is filtered, 65 ℃ of dry 40h, obtain pressed powder, then pressed powder are put into Muffle furnace, 1000 ℃ of reaction 3h, cooling after, washing, the dry Graphene that obtains high-specific surface area.
2, the preparation of Graphene/sulphur composite material:
The 6g Graphene obtaining and 14g elemental sulfur (100 orders are analyzed pure) are fully ground evenly in agate mortar.Then put into ball mill ball milling 4 hours.Mixture after grinding is put into vacuum tube furnace, in lasting nitrogen or argon shield atmosphere, be first warmed up to 170 ℃, be incubated 6 hours.Then temperature is controlled to 280 ℃ of left and right, is incubated 3 hours, can obtain sulfur mass fraction 70% Graphene/sulphur composite material.
Graphene/sulphur Electrical Conductivity of Composites to embodiment 1 ~ 4 preparation is tested, and test result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 Graphene/sulphur Electrical Conductivity of Composites
Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3 Embodiment 4
Conductivity 10 -5S/cm 5.2 0.6 1.1 0.9
As shown in Table 1, the composite material that Graphene and sulphur are compound, (room-temperature conductivity is 5 * 10 to the relative elemental sulfur of its conductance -30s/cm) be significantly improved, the material of this high conductivity is conducive to carry out fast charging and discharging.
Embodiment 5
1, prepare anode
This anode comprises Graphene/sulphur composite material of embodiment 1 preparation;
First, the ratio that is 85:5:10 according to mass ratio, 8.5g Graphene/sulphur composite material, 0.5g Kynoar binding agent and 1g conductive agent acetylene black are mixed, obtain slurry;
Subsequently, slurry is coated on aluminium foil, drying, roll film, trimming is processed, and makes anode, that is to say lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode.
2, preparation battery cathode
Selecting is done negative pole by metal lithium sheet.
3, the assembling of battery
By positive pole, barrier film, negative pole in order stacked group dress up battery core, then use battery housing seal battery core, subsequently by being arranged on liquid injection port on battery container toward the LiPF that injects 1mol/L in battery container 6the electrolyte of/dimethyl carbonate, sealing liquid injection port, obtains battery, is also lithium-sulfur cell; Its structure is positive pole 1, barrier film 3, negative pole 2, battery container 5 and electrolyte 4, as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 6
1, prepare anode
This anode comprises Graphene/sulphur composite material of embodiment 2 preparations;
First, the ratio that is 85:5:10 according to mass ratio, 10g Graphene/sulphur composite material, 0.59g Kynoar binding agent and 1.18g conductive agent acetylene black are mixed, obtain slurry;
Subsequently, slurry is coated on aluminium foil, drying, roll film, trimming is processed, and makes lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode.
2, preparation battery cathode
Select metal lithium sheet to do negative pole.
3, the assembling of lithium-sulfur cell
By positive pole, barrier film, negative pole in order stacked group dress up battery core, then use battery housing seal battery core, subsequently by being arranged on liquid injection port on battery container toward the LiBF that injects 1mol/L in battery container 4/ diethyl carbonate electrolyte, sealing liquid injection port, obtains battery, is also lithium-sulfur cell.
Embodiment 7
1, prepare anode
This anode comprises Graphene/sulphur composite material of embodiment 3 preparations;
First, the ratio that is 85:5:10 according to mass ratio, 9g graphene composite material, 0.53g Kynoar binding agent and 1.06g conductive agent acetylene black are mixed, obtain slurry;
Subsequently, slurry is coated on aluminium foil, drying, roll film, trimming is processed, and makes lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode.
2, preparation battery cathode
Select metal lithium sheet to do negative pole.
3, the assembling of lithium-sulfur cell
By positive pole, barrier film, negative pole in order stacked group dress up battery core, use again battery housing seal battery core, subsequently by being arranged on liquid injection port on battery container toward the LiTFSI/ propene carbonate electrolyte that injects 1mol/L in battery container, sealing liquid injection port, obtaining battery, is also lithium-sulfur cell.
Embodiment 8
1, prepare anode
This anode comprises Graphene/sulphur composite material of embodiment 4 preparations;
First, the ratio that is 85:5:10 according to mass ratio, stone 8g China ink alkene composite material, 4.71g Kynoar binding agent and 9.41g conductive agent acetylene black are mixed, obtain slurry;
Subsequently, slurry is coated on aluminium foil, drying, roll film, trimming is processed, and makes lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode.
2, preparation battery cathode
Select metal lithium sheet to do negative pole.
3, the assembling of battery
By positive pole, barrier film, negative pole in order stacked group dress up battery core, use again battery housing seal battery core, subsequently by being arranged on liquid injection port on battery container toward the LiFSI/ ethylene carbonate+acetonitrile electrolyte that injects 1mol/L in battery container, sealing liquid injection port, obtaining battery, is also lithium-sulfur cell.
The battery that embodiment 5 ~ 8 is made carries out charge-discharge test, and test result is as shown in table 2.
The charge-discharge test result of table 2 battery
Figure BDA00001818048900081
As shown in Table 2, adopt Graphene/sulphur composite material as anode, its 10 charge and discharge cycles capacity are the circulating battery capacity 10% as anode higher than elemental sulfur; Therefore, Graphene/sulphur composite material is as anode, and the cycle life of battery is largely increased.
Should be understood that, the above-mentioned statement for preferred embodiment of the present invention is comparatively detailed, can not therefore think the restriction to scope of patent protection of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.

Claims (6)

1. Graphene/sulphur composite material, is characterized in that, in this composite material, comprise that mass ratio is Graphene and the elemental sulfur of 1 ~ 5:5 ~ 9, and elemental sulfur is embedded in the microcellular structure of Graphene.
2. a preparation method for Graphene/sulphur composite material, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1, Graphene and elemental sulfur are ground 2 ~ 5 hours according to the ratio of mass ratio 1 ~ 5:5 ~ 9, obtain mixed powder;
In S2, oxygen-free environment, mixed powder is first placed at 170 ℃ to heat preservation sintering 6 hours, is warming up to subsequently 280 ℃, then heat preservation sintering 3 hours, be finally cooled to room temperature, obtain described Graphene/sulphur composite material.
3. the preparation method of Graphene/sulphur composite material according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in step S 1, described Graphene adopts following steps to make:
S11, graphite oxide is placed in to the ultrasonic 1 ~ 5h of water, obtains the suspension that concentration is 0.1 ~ 20g/L;
S12, the KOH solution that is 0.1 ~ 10mol/L by concentration join in above-mentioned suspension, stir, and obtain condensation product; Wherein, the mass ratio of KOH and graphite oxide is 1 ~ 30:1;
S13, filter condensation product, 60 ~ 80 ℃ of dry 24 ~ 48h, obtain pressed powder, then pressed powder are put into Muffle furnace, 800 ~ 1200 ℃ of reaction 1 ~ 5h, cooling after, washing, dryly obtain described Graphene.
4. an anode, comprises aluminium foil and is coated in the positive electrode on aluminium foil, it is characterized in that, described positive electrode comprises that mass ratio is Graphene/sulphur composite material claimed in claim 1, Kynoar binding agent and the acetylene black of 85:5:10.
5. a preparation method for anode as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Graphene/sulphur composite material, Kynoar binding agent and acetylene black that A1, mass ratio are 85:5:10 mix, and make slurry;
A2, slurry is coated on aluminium foil, drying, roll film, trimming is processed, and makes anode.
6. a battery, is characterized in that, the positive pole of described battery adopts anode claimed in claim 5.
CN201210215742.7A 2012-06-27 2012-06-27 Graphene/sulfur composite material and preparation method thereof, battery positive electrode and preparation method thereof, and battery Pending CN103515608A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US11437620B2 (en) * 2014-02-17 2022-09-06 William Marsh Rice University Laser induced graphene materials and their use in electronic devices
CN105591076A (en) * 2014-10-22 2016-05-18 深圳华粤宝电池有限公司 A preparing method of a graphene sulfo-based composite material
CN104752725A (en) * 2015-03-16 2015-07-01 山东玉皇新能源科技有限公司 Cathode material for high-capacity graphene lithium sulphur battery and preparation method of cathode material
CN104752682A (en) * 2015-03-16 2015-07-01 山东玉皇新能源科技有限公司 Preparation method of sulphur/carbon composite cathode material for lithium sulphur battery
CN104752682B (en) * 2015-03-16 2017-11-14 山东玉皇新能源科技有限公司 A kind of sulphur of lithium-sulfur cell/carbon composite anode material preparation method
CN104795543A (en) * 2015-04-10 2015-07-22 天津工业大学 Novel attapulgite-based sulfur composite material, as well as preparation method and energy storage application thereof
CN104795543B (en) * 2015-04-10 2017-11-14 天津工业大学 A kind of concave convex rod base sulphur composite and preparation method thereof and stored energy application
CN106129386A (en) * 2016-09-09 2016-11-16 广西大学 A kind of graphene coated micropore Bombyx mori L. sulfur composite positive pole and preparation method
CN106129386B (en) * 2016-09-09 2018-10-16 广西大学 A kind of graphene coated micropore silkworm excrement sulphur composite positive pole and preparation method
CN111900402A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-11-06 肇庆市华师大光电产业研究院 Universal electrode material for lithium-sulfur battery and preparation method thereof

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