CN103515592A - Method for preparing anode material for lithium ion batteries - Google Patents

Method for preparing anode material for lithium ion batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103515592A
CN103515592A CN201310468639.8A CN201310468639A CN103515592A CN 103515592 A CN103515592 A CN 103515592A CN 201310468639 A CN201310468639 A CN 201310468639A CN 103515592 A CN103515592 A CN 103515592A
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manganese
lithium
cobalt
nickel
acetate
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单忠强
杜江勇
田建华
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing an anode material for lithium ion batteries. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving manganese, nickel and cobalt in water according to the mole ratio of manganese to nickel to cobalt being 1:(0-0.35):(0-0.35), adding molybdenum salt for co-dissolution via the mole ratio of molybdenum salt to total amount of manganese, nickel and cobalt elements being (0.01-0.20):1, allowing metal ions to be precipitated, adjusting pH to over 8, filtering, settling, oven-drying, adding a lithium source via the mole ratio of total amount of the manganese, nickel and cobalt elements to lithium element being 1:(1.2-1.68), mixing, calcining for 10 h at the temperature of 400-600 DEG C, and then calcining for 1-10 h at the temperature of 800-950 DEG C. The discharge capacity of a button cell CR2032 which is assembled with the anode material disclosed by the invention reaches 300 mAh/g in the case of charge/discharge at the voltage of 2-4.8 V and a current density of 20 mA/g, the charge/discharge capacity reaches more than 240 mAh/g at a current density of 200 mA/g, and the capacity retention rate is more than 85% in the case of 100-time charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 200 mA/g.

Description

A kind of preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Technical field
The invention relates to lithium ion battery, particularly a kind of high power capacity, high performance lithium ion anode material.
Background technology
Along with economical and social development, people are also more and more higher to the quality requirement of living environment, and the energy of traditional contaminated environment such as petroleum replacing is a development trend of the times.Electric energy clean and safe, convenient transportation, storing is at present a maximum difficult problem.In recent years, lithium ion battery development is swift and violent, has many merits.But because capacity and the energy of lithium ion battery itself are not high, so they can only be applied in the compact electric apparatus such as mobile phone, notebook computer and digital camera, cannot meet the requirement of the large-scale electrical appliance of electric motor car.Its technical bottleneck is exactly positive electrode, and the capacity of positive electrode is not high, causes the capacity of whole battery, energy not high.
At present, polynary lithium-rich anode material mainly be take Mn, Ni, Co composite material as main, and these materials are more than under 0.1C multiplying power, specific discharge capacity can reach 200mAh/g, and rate charge-discharge performance is good, and the life-span reaches more than 1000 times, is suitable as electrokinetic cell.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, it is the chemical property that improves prior art, especially volumetric properties, provides that a kind of specific capacity is up to 300mAh/g under current density 20mA/g, and under current density 200mA/g, specific capacity reaches the positive electrode of lithium ion battery more than 200mAh/g.
The present invention is achieved by following technical solution.
A preparation method for anode material for lithium-ion batteries, step is as follows:
(1) by manganese acetate, manganese nitrate, manganese sulfate, manganese phosphate a kind of and nickel acetate wherein, nickel nitrate, nickelous sulfate, nickel phosphate a kind of and cobalt acetate wherein, cobalt nitrate, cobaltous sulfate, wherein a kind of of cobalt phosphate, according to mol ratio 1:0~0.35:0~0.35 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt, be dissolved in the water of 5~10 times of mole multiples, add again the molybdenum salt that the mol ratio with three kinds of element total amounts of manganese nickel cobalt is 0.01~0.20:1 to dissolve altogether, stir and add ammoniacal liquor, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate or sodium carbonate, various precipitation by metallic ion are got off, with ammonia spirit, pH is adjusted to more than 8 again, refilter precipitation, will precipitate oven dry,
(2) or separately a kind of mol ratio 1:0~0.35:0~0.35 by three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt of a kind of and cobalt acetate in a kind of and nickel acetate wherein of a manganese acetate, manganese nitrate, manganese sulfate, manganese phosphate, nickel nitrate, nickelous sulfate, nickel phosphate, cobalt nitrate, cobaltous sulfate, cobalt phosphate is dissolved in the water of 5~10 times of mole multiples, stir and add ammoniacal liquor, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate etc., various precipitation by metallic ion are got off, then be adjusted to more than 8 with ammonia spirit pH; Refilter precipitation, will precipitate oven dry, and then add metal molybdenum powder, molybdenum dioxide or molybdenum trioxide mechanical mixture, addition is 0.01~0.20:1;
(3) step (1) is made to sediment or mixture that step (2) is made adds lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide as lithium source in the ratio of manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.2~1.68, mechanical mixture, then at 400~600 ℃, calcine 10h, at 800~950 ℃, calcine 1~10h again, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
The molybdenum salt of described step (1) is molybdic acid, sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, phosphomolybdic acid, molybdenum sulfide or molybdenum chloride.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Add after molybdenum modification ternary lithium-rich anode material, improved its capacity and chemical property.By burned positive electrode and PVDF(Kynoar) and acetylene black even by weight 8:1:1 mixer mill after, add NMP(nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone) furnishing pulpous state, be coated on collector, dry, produce positive plate.With lithium metal, as to electrode, PP/PE/PP (celgard2000) is as barrier film, and electrolyte is to be dissolved in EC/DMC(ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate that volume fraction is 1:1) LiPF of mixed solvent 6(lithium hexafluoro phosphate) solution, its concentration is that 1mol/L is assembled into CR2032 button cell.At 2~4.8V, under current density 20mA/g, discharge and recharge, discharge capacity can reach 300mAh/g.More than the capacity discharging and recharging under current density 200mA/g reaches 240mAh/g.Under current density 200mA/g, charge and discharge cycles is 100 times, and capability retention is more than 85%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cycle life figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1 positive electrode;
Fig. 2 is that the EDS of the embodiment of the present invention 7 positive electrodes can spectrogram.
Specific embodiment party
The present invention adopts raw material to be commercially available chemically pure reagent, and below by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
(1) manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate are dissolved into according to the mol ratio 1:0.25:0.25 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt in the water of 8 times of mole summation of these three kinds of elements, add again the phosphomolybdic acid that the mol ratio with three kinds of element total amounts of manganese nickel cobalt is 0.05:1 to dissolve altogether, oil bath is heated to 50 ℃, stirring adds ammoniacal liquor, until precipitate completely, more than pH to 8, solution is alkalescence.Centrifugation in the centrifuge that is 10000r/min at rotating speed, removes supernatant, precipitation water is cleaned to be placed in 120 ℃ of baking ovens and dry;
(2) by the sediment after step (1) oven dry, by manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.5, add lithium carbonate as lithium source, mechanical mixture; Then in 400 ℃ calcining 10h, then in 900 ℃ calcining 3h, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Fig. 1 is the cycle life figure of embodiment 1 positive electrode, and as can be seen from Figure, the positive electrode of embodiment 1 is under current density 200mA/g, more than specific discharge capacity still can reach 200mAh/g, after circulation 100 circles, capability retention reaches more than 85%, and cycle performance is better.
Embodiment 2
(1) manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate are dissolved into according to the mol ratio 1:0.35:0.25 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt in the water of 8 times of mole summation of these three kinds of elements soluble in water, add again the ammonium molybdate that the mol ratio with three kinds of element total amounts of manganese nickel cobalt is 0.075:1 to dissolve altogether, oil bath is heated to 50 ℃, stirring adds NaOH solution, until precipitate completely, pH value reaches more than 8, and solution is alkalescence.Centrifugation in the centrifuge that is 10000r/min at rotating speed, removes supernatant, and precipitation washes with water to be placed in 120 ℃ of baking ovens dries;
(2) by the sediment after step (1) oven dry, by manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.35, add lithium carbonate as lithium source, mechanical mixture; Then at 400 ℃, calcine 10h, then calcine 3h at 900 ℃, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Embodiment 3
(1) manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate are dissolved into according to the mol ratio 1:0.2:0.3 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt in the water of 8 times of mole summation of these three kinds of elements soluble in water, add again the sodium molybdate that the mol ratio with three kinds of element total amounts of manganese nickel cobalt is 0.10:1 to dissolve altogether, oil bath is heated to 50 ℃, stirring adds NaOH solution, until precipitate completely, pH value reaches more than 10, and solution is alkalescence.Centrifugation in the centrifuge that is 10000r/min at rotating speed, removes supernatant, and precipitation washes with water to be placed in 120 ℃ of baking ovens dries;
(2) by the sediment after step (1) oven dry, by manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.3, add lithium hydroxide as lithium source, mechanical mixture; Then at 400 ℃, calcine 10h, then calcine 3h at 900 ℃, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Embodiment 4
(1) manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate are dissolved into according to the mol ratio 1:0.35:0.22 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt in the water of 8 times of mole summation of these three kinds of elements soluble in water, add again the molybdenum chloride that the mol ratio with three kinds of element total amounts of manganese nickel cobalt is 0.08:1 to dissolve altogether, oil bath is heated to 50 ℃, stirs and adds Na 2cO 3solution, until precipitate completely, pH value reaches more than 8, solution is alkalescence.Centrifugation in the centrifuge that is 10000r/min at rotating speed, removes supernatant, and precipitation washes with water to be placed in 120 ℃ of baking ovens dries;
(2) sediment after step (1) is dried, by manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.6 add or lithium hydroxide as lithium source, mechanical mixture; Then at 400 ℃, calcine 10h, then calcine 3h at 900 ℃, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Embodiment 5
(1) by manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate according to the mol ratio 1:0.35:0.3 solution of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt to soluble in water in the water of 8 times of mole summation of these three kinds of elements, add again the molybdic acid that the mol ratio with three kinds of element total amounts of manganese nickel cobalt is 0.075:1 to dissolve altogether, oil bath is heated to 50 ℃, stirring adds NaOH solution, until precipitate completely, pH value reaches more than 8, and solution is alkalescence.Centrifugation in the centrifuge that is 10000r/min at rotating speed, removes supernatant, and precipitation washes with water to be placed in 120 ℃ of baking ovens dries;
(2) by the sediment after step (1) oven dry, by manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.4, add hydrocarbon lithia as lithium source, mechanical mixture; Then at 400 ℃, calcine 10h, then calcine 3h at 900 ℃, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Embodiment 6
(1) manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate are dissolved into according to the mol ratio 1:0.3:0.1 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt in the water of 8 times of mole summation of these three kinds of elements soluble in water, add again the molybdenum sulfide that the mol ratio with three kinds of element total amounts of manganese nickel cobalt is 0.05:1 to dissolve altogether, oil bath is heated to 50 ℃, stirring adds NaOH solution, until precipitate completely, pH value reaches more than 8, and solution is alkalescence.Centrifugation in the centrifuge that is 10000r/min at rotating speed, removes supernatant, and precipitation washes with water to be placed in 120 ℃ of baking ovens dries;
(2) by the sediment after step (1) oven dry, by manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.5, add lithium carbonate as lithium source, mechanical mixture; Then at 400 ℃, calcine 10h, then calcine 3h at 900 ℃, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Embodiment 7
(1) manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate are dissolved into according to the mol ratio 1:0.3:0.25 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt in the water of 8 times of mole summation of these three kinds of elements soluble in water, oil bath is heated to 50 ℃, stirring adds NaOH solution, until precipitate completely, pH value reaches more than 8, and solution is alkalescence.Centrifugation in the centrifuge that is 10000r/min at rotating speed, removes supernatant, and precipitation washes with water to be placed in 120 ℃ of baking ovens dries, and adds the molybdenum powder of 0.05:1 by the mol ratio with manganese nickel cobalt element sum total amount.
(2) by the mixture after step (1) oven dry, by manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.45, add lithium carbonate as lithium source, mechanical mixture; Then at 400 ℃, calcine 10h, then calcine 3h at 900 ℃, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Fig. 2 is the EDS energy spectrogram of embodiment 7 positive electrodes, and as can be seen from Figure, molybdenum element can all not distil in the process of heating and calcining, still has a considerable amount of molybdenum elements to exist in the positive electrode of preparing.
Embodiment 8
(1) manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate are dissolved into according to the mol ratio 1:0.3:0.3 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt in the water of 8 times of mole summation of these three kinds of elements soluble in water, oil bath is heated to 50 ℃, stirring adds NaOH solution, until precipitate completely, pH value reaches more than 8, and solution is alkalescence.Centrifugation in the centrifuge that is 10000r/min at rotating speed, removes supernatant, and precipitation washes with water to be placed in 120 ℃ of baking ovens dries, and adds the molybdenum dioxide of 0.1:1 by the mol ratio with manganese nickel cobalt element sum total amount.
(2) by the mixture after step (1) oven dry, by manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.35, add lithium carbonate as lithium source, mechanical mixture; Then at 400 ℃, calcine 10h, then calcine 3h at 900 ℃, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Embodiment 9
(1) manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate are dissolved into according to the mol ratio 1:0.35:0.25 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt in the water of 8 times of mole summation of these three kinds of elements soluble in water, oil bath is heated to 50 ℃, stirring adds sal volatile, until precipitate completely, pH value reaches more than 8, and solution is alkalescence.Centrifugation in the centrifuge that is 10000r/min at rotating speed, removes supernatant, and precipitation washes with water to be placed in 120 ℃ of baking ovens dries, and adds the molybdenum dioxide of 0.05:1 by the mol ratio with manganese nickel cobalt element sum total amount.
(2) by the mixture after step (1) oven dry, by manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.45, add lithium carbonate as lithium source, mechanical mixture; Then at 400 ℃, calcine 10h, then calcine 3h at 900 ℃, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Comparative example
(1) manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate are dissolved into according to the mol ratio 1:0.25:0.25 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt in the water of 8 times of mole summation of these three kinds of elements soluble in water, oil bath is heated to 50 ℃, stirring adds NaOH solution, until precipitate completely, pH value reaches more than 8, and solution is alkalescence.Centrifugation in the centrifuge that is 10000r/min at rotating speed, removes supernatant, and precipitation washes with water to be placed in 120 ℃ of baking ovens dries, and adds the molybdenum powder of 0.05:1 by the mol ratio with manganese nickel cobalt element sum total amount.
(2) by the mixture after step (1) oven dry, by manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.45, add lithium carbonate (or lithium hydroxide) as lithium source, mechanical mixture; Then at 400 ℃, calcine 10h, then calcine 3h at 900 ℃, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Above-described embodiment is assembled into lithium battery with lithium metal after making positive electrode, and carries out performance test.
The assembling of lithium battery is to carry out in being full of the glove box of high-purity argon gas, and with lithium metal, as to electrode, PP/PE/PP (celgard2000) is as barrier film, and electrolyte is to be dissolved in the LiPF that volume fraction is the EC/DMC mixed solvent of 1:1 6solution, its concentration is that 1mol/L is assembled into CR2032 button cell.The lithium battery of assembling is at room temperature carried out to charge-discharge test after static a period of time, test voltage scope is 2~4.8V, and tester is the CT2001 type LAND battery test system that Wuhan Jin Nuo Electronics Co., Ltd. produces.For example the test result of embodiment 7 is: at current density 20mAg -1under, the lithium battery first discharge specific capacity that the positive electrode of modification is assembled into is 303mAh/g.Under current density 200mAg-1, the lithium battery first discharge specific capacity that the positive electrode of modification is assembled into is 245mAh/g.After 60 circulations, capacity still can reach 219.7mAh/g, and after 100 circulations, specific capacity still can reach 210.3mAh/g, and in whole charge and discharge process, efficiency all remains on more than 90%.
In order to contrast the effect of modification rear electrode material, unmodified positive electrode is also assembled into battery by same mode, and tests by same method of testing, at current density 20mAg -1, 200mAg -1under, in the charge and discharge process of each embodiment, specific capacity test result refers to table 1.
Table 1
Figure BDA0000391556390000051
By finding out in table 1, the specific capacity of the positive electrode after the modification that each embodiment obtains all will be higher than unmodified specific capacity, and provable thus, the present invention has improved the specific capacity of positive electrode effectively.

Claims (2)

1. a preparation method for anode material for lithium-ion batteries, step is as follows:
(1) by manganese acetate, manganese nitrate, manganese sulfate, manganese phosphate a kind of and nickel acetate wherein, nickel nitrate, nickelous sulfate, nickel phosphate a kind of and cobalt acetate wherein, cobalt nitrate, cobaltous sulfate, wherein a kind of of cobalt phosphate, according to mol ratio 1:0~0.35:0~0.35 of three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt, be dissolved in the water of 5~10 times of mole multiples, add again the molybdenum salt that the mol ratio with three kinds of element total amounts of manganese nickel cobalt is 0.01~0.20:1 to dissolve altogether, stir and add ammoniacal liquor, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate or sodium carbonate, various precipitation by metallic ion are got off, with ammonia spirit, pH is adjusted to more than 8 again, refilter precipitation, will precipitate oven dry,
(2) or separately a kind of mol ratio 1:0~0.35:0~0.35 by three kinds of elements of manganese nickel cobalt of a kind of and cobalt acetate in a kind of and nickel acetate wherein of a manganese acetate, manganese nitrate, manganese sulfate, manganese phosphate, nickel nitrate, nickelous sulfate, nickel phosphate, cobalt nitrate, cobaltous sulfate, cobalt phosphate is dissolved in the water of 5~10 times of mole multiples, stir and add ammoniacal liquor, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate etc., various precipitation by metallic ion are got off, then be adjusted to more than 8 with ammonia spirit pH; Refilter precipitation, will precipitate oven dry, and then add metal molybdenum powder, molybdenum dioxide or molybdenum trioxide mechanical mixture, addition is 0.01~0.20:1;
(3) step (1) is made to sediment or mixture that step (2) is made adds lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide as lithium source in the ratio of manganese nickel cobalt element summation and elemental lithium mol ratio 1:1.2~1.68, mechanical mixture, then at 400~600 ℃, calcine 10h, at 800~950 ℃, calcine 1~10h again, make anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
2. according to the preparation method of a kind of anode material for lithium-ion batteries of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the molybdenum salt of described step (1) is molybdic acid, sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, phosphomolybdic acid, molybdenum sulfide or molybdenum chloride.
CN201310468639.8A 2013-09-30 2013-09-30 Method for preparing anode material for lithium ion batteries Pending CN103515592A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN110642303A (en) * 2019-08-30 2020-01-03 广东新凌嘉新能源股份有限公司 Improved power ternary cylindrical lithium battery positive electrode material and preparation method thereof

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US20110291044A1 (en) * 2009-02-13 2011-12-01 Chengdu Jingyuan New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. Nickel-cobalt-manganese multi-element lithium ion battery cathode material with dopants and its methods of preparation
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US20110291044A1 (en) * 2009-02-13 2011-12-01 Chengdu Jingyuan New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. Nickel-cobalt-manganese multi-element lithium ion battery cathode material with dopants and its methods of preparation
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