CN103515096A - Capacitor electrolyte - Google Patents
Capacitor electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN103515096A CN103515096A CN201210217639.6A CN201210217639A CN103515096A CN 103515096 A CN103515096 A CN 103515096A CN 201210217639 A CN201210217639 A CN 201210217639A CN 103515096 A CN103515096 A CN 103515096A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of electrochemistry, and discloses a capacitor electrolyte. The capacitor electrolyte is formed by mixing trimethyl mono decoyl quaternary ammonium bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imine salts and 2-formonitrile, wherein the mole ratio of the trimethyl mono decoyl quaternary ammonium bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imine salts and the 2-formonitrile is 1:0.001-1:0.05. The capacitor electrolyte is applied to a capacitor, and the capacitor does not have chemical reactions or electrochemical reactions with any components of the electrolyte when the capacitor is charged normally; when the capacitor is overcharged to reach the electropolymerization potential 5.15V of the 2-formonitrile, the 2-formonitrile starts to polymerize on electrodes to form polymers, potential forms a small platform, the polymers do not rise quickly any more, inevitably pass through a porous membrane and reach the negative electrode of the capacitor due to the fact the polymers are increased continuously, a micro short current is caused inside the capacitor, the electric energy inside the capacitor is made to be released slowly, therefore, the dangerousness of the capacitor is reduced, and the safety of the capacitor is improved greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrochemical field, relate in particular to a kind of capacitor electrolyte.
Background technology
Capacitor is a kind of novel energy storage device, has the advantages such as high power density, high cycle life, fast charging and discharging performance be good, is widely used in the AC-battery power source of military field, device for mobile communication, computer and electric automobile etc.As the important component part of capacitor, electrolyte has a significant impact the accumulate performance of capacitor, is determining the equivalent internal resistance of capacitor, operating voltage range, accumulate capacity and working temperature and operational environment.
Ionic liquid is in room temperature or approaches the organic liquid material being comprised of ion completely under the condition of room temperature.As a kind of novel electrolyte, the appearance of ionic liquid, has expanded the application of capacitor greatly.
In the exploitation of electrical source of power, fail safe is one of the key factor that will consider, and when capacitor overcharges, il electrolyte will be decomposed, or react with electrode material, thereby produces potential safety hazard.Overcharging of ionic liquid capacitor is its one of the main reasons that produces potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
Based on the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of capacitor electrolyte.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
, comprising trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN, the mol ratio of described trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 1:0.001 ~ 1:0.05.
Described capacitor electrolyte, preferably, the mol ratio of described trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 1:0.005 ~ 1:0.05; Or further preferred, the mol ratio of trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 1:0.01 ~ 1:0.05; Or further preferred, the mol ratio of trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 1:0.03 ~ 1:0.05; Or most preferably, the mol ratio of trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 1:0.04.
Described capacitor electrolyte, needs when trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN mix constantly to stir, and mixing time is 10 ~ 60 minutes; Preferably mixing time is 30 minutes.
Capacitor electrolyte provided by the invention, it is mixed by trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN, the decomposition voltage of trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt is about 5.18V, for fear of its decomposition with guarantee to make full use of its capacity, the oxidation-reduction potential of additive should be tried one's best near 5.18V.The electropolymerization voltage of thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 5.15V, and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN adds in trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, when capacitor charges normal, not with any component generation chemistry or the electrochemical reaction of electrolyte; When capacitor overcharges the electropolymerization current potential 5.15V that reaches thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN, thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN starts polymerization on electrode and forms polymer, current potential forms a chain-wales, no longer fast rise, because polymer constantly increases, must arrive by porous septum the negative pole of capacitor, at capacitor internal, cause micro-short circuit, the electric energy of capacitor internal is slowly discharged, thereby reduce the danger of capacitor, the fail safe that has greatly improved capacitor.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the charge graph that capacitor adopts capacitor electrolyte that embodiment 1 makes and pure ionic liquid trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt to make electrolyte; Wherein, abscissa represents the charging interval, and ordinate represents charging voltage.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
In following embodiment, take active carbon with high specific surface area as electrode material, the capacitor electrolyte that each embodiment makes of take is electrolyte, being assembled into capacitor, is also button cell, utilizes CHI660A electrochemical workstation to carry out constant current charge test to it, obtain its charging curve, under 30 degrees celsius, with the constant current of 1A/g, charge, obtain its charging curve.
In following each embodiment, the voltage while overcharging represents that it crosses the voltage that enriches voltage platform.
Embodiment 1
In glove box, by mol ratio, be 1:0.04, be trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and the mixing of thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN that molal quantity is respectively 1mol and 0.04mol, stir after 30 minutes, thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is dispersed in trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, obtains capacitor electrolyte.
Use the capacitor of above-mentioned capacitor electrolyte, voltage when it overcharges is 5.20V.
Fig. 1 is the charge graph that capacitor adopts capacitor electrolyte that embodiment 1 makes and pure ionic liquid trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt to make electrolyte.
From the charging curve of Fig. 1, can find out, application of pure ionic liquid trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt is made the voltage fast rise when overcharging of the capacitor of electrolyte.And trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt that has added thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is when making the capacitor of electrolyte and overcharging, when reaching 5.15V, voltage no longer rises, but there is a voltage platform, and played anti-overcharge effect, increased security performance.
Embodiment 2
In glove box, by mol ratio, be 1:0.04, be trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and the mixing of thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN that molal quantity is respectively 2mol and 0.08mol, stir after 50 minutes, thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is dispersed in trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, obtains capacitor electrolyte.
Use the capacitor of above-mentioned capacitor electrolyte, voltage when it overcharges is 5.15V.
Embodiment 3
In glove box, by mol ratio, be 1:0.03, be molal quantity be respectively 1mol and: trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt of 0.03mol and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN mix, stir after 40 minutes, thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is dispersed in trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, obtains capacitor electrolyte.
Use the capacitor of above-mentioned capacitor electrolyte, voltage when it overcharges is 5.15V.
Embodiment 4
In glove box, by mol ratio, be 1:0.02, be trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and the mixing of thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN that molal quantity is respectively 2mol and 0.04mol, stir after 30 minutes, thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is dispersed in trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, obtains capacitor electrolyte.
Use the capacitor of above-mentioned capacitor electrolyte, voltage when it overcharges is 5.17V.
Embodiment 5
In glove box, by mol ratio, be 1:0.01, be trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and the mixing of thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN that molal quantity is respectively 10mol and 0.1mol, stir after 20 minutes, thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is dispersed in trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, obtains capacitor electrolyte.
Use the capacitor of above-mentioned capacitor electrolyte, voltage when it overcharges is 5.21V.
Embodiment 6
In glove box, by mol ratio, be 1:0.008, be trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and the mixing of thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN that molal quantity is respectively 1mol and 0.008mol, stir after 10 minutes, thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is dispersed in trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, obtains capacitor electrolyte.
Use the capacitor of above-mentioned capacitor electrolyte, voltage when it overcharges is 5.24V.
Embodiment 7
In glove box, by mol ratio, be 1:0.005, be trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and the mixing of thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN that molal quantity is respectively 8mol and 0.04mol, stir after 60 minutes, thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is dispersed in trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, obtains capacitor electrolyte.
Use the capacitor of above-mentioned capacitor electrolyte, voltage when it overcharges is 5.32V.
Embodiment 8
In glove box, by mol ratio, be 1:0.001, be trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and the mixing of thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN that molal quantity is respectively 1mol and 0.001mol, stir after 50 minutes, thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is dispersed in trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, obtains capacitor electrolyte.
Use the capacitor of above-mentioned capacitor electrolyte, voltage when it overcharges is 5.59V.
Should be understood that, the above-mentioned statement for preferred embodiment of the present invention is comparatively detailed, can not therefore think the restriction to scope of patent protection of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (5)
1. a capacitor electrolyte, it is characterized in that, comprise trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN, the mol ratio of described trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 1:0.001 ~ 1:0.05.
2. capacitor electrolyte according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mol ratio of described trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 1:0.005 ~ 1:0.05.
3. capacitor electrolyte according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the mol ratio of described trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 1:0.01 ~ 1:0.05.
4. capacitor electrolyte according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the mol ratio of described trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 1:0.03 ~ 1:0.05.
5. capacitor electrolyte according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the mol ratio of described trimethyl one hexyl quaternary ammonium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt and thiophene-2-formonitrile HCN is 1:0.04.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210217639.6A CN103515096A (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2012-06-28 | Capacitor electrolyte |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210217639.6A CN103515096A (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2012-06-28 | Capacitor electrolyte |
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| CN103515096A true CN103515096A (en) | 2014-01-15 |
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| CN201210217639.6A Pending CN103515096A (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2012-06-28 | Capacitor electrolyte |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105845971A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-10 | 山东海容电源材料有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte containing high-voltage protective agent |
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2012
- 2012-06-28 CN CN201210217639.6A patent/CN103515096A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105845971A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-10 | 山东海容电源材料有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte containing high-voltage protective agent |
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Application publication date: 20140115 |