CN103508642B - High-grease food processing wastewater treatment device - Google Patents
High-grease food processing wastewater treatment device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种高油脂废水处理装置,特别是涉及一种ABR厌氧技术、气浮技术和BAF技术的高油脂食品加工废水处理装置,属于环境工程的水污染治理领域。 The invention relates to a high-fat wastewater treatment device, in particular to a high-fat food processing wastewater treatment device with ABR anaerobic technology, air flotation technology and BAF technology, belonging to the field of water pollution control of environmental engineering.
背景技术 Background technique
食品工业原料广泛,制品种类繁多,加工过程要使用大量水,因此有很多废物作为污水的形式排放。排出废水的水量、水质差异很大。废水中主要污染物有:(1)漂浮在废水中固体物质,如菜叶、果皮、碎肉、禽羽等;(2)悬浮在废水中的物质有油脂、蛋白质、淀粉、胶体物质等;(3)溶解在废水中的酸、碱、盐、糖类等,特别是磷化合物和氮化合物含量高;(4)原料夹带的泥砂及其他有机物等;(5)致病菌毒等。由于食品种类繁多,原料来源广泛,食品加工污水具有悬浮物、油脂含量高,重金属离子多,COD和BOD数值大,水量变化幅度大,氮、磷化合物含量高,水温较高等水质特点。 The food industry has a wide range of raw materials, a wide variety of products, and a large amount of water is used in the processing process, so a lot of waste is discharged in the form of sewage. The quantity and quality of discharged wastewater vary widely. The main pollutants in wastewater are: (1) solid substances floating in wastewater, such as vegetable leaves, fruit peels, minced meat, poultry feathers, etc.; (2) substances suspended in wastewater are oil, protein, starch, colloidal substances, etc.; (3) Acids, alkalis, salts, sugars, etc. dissolved in wastewater, especially high content of phosphorus compounds and nitrogen compounds; (4) Silt and other organic matter entrained in raw materials; (5) Pathogenic bacteria and viruses, etc. Due to the wide variety of foods and wide sources of raw materials, food processing sewage has high suspended solids, high oil content, many heavy metal ions, large COD and BOD values, large changes in water volume, high nitrogen and phosphorus compound content, and high water temperature. Water quality characteristics.
目前,食品加工废水处理方法主要有:(1)物理处理法:主要有筛滤、撇除、调节、沉淀、气浮、离心分离、过滤、微滤等。(2)化学处理法:主要有中和、混凝、电解、氧化还原、离子交换、膜分离法等。(3)生物处理法:主要好氧法、厌氧法、稳定塘、土地处理以及由上述方法的组合。 At present, the food processing wastewater treatment methods mainly include: (1) Physical treatment methods: mainly include sieving, skimming, adjustment, sedimentation, air flotation, centrifugal separation, filtration, microfiltration, etc. (2) Chemical treatment methods: mainly neutralization, coagulation, electrolysis, redox, ion exchange, membrane separation, etc. (3) Biological treatment methods: mainly aerobic method, anaerobic method, stabilization pond, land treatment and a combination of the above methods.
食品加工废水的处理方法有多种,但一种方法单独处理往往效果不佳,需要针对不同工业废水的水质特点,以及污染物的成分不同,采取多种技术联合处理,才能取得理想的处理效果。 There are many ways to treat food processing wastewater, but one method alone is often ineffective. It is necessary to adopt multiple technologies for combined treatment according to the water quality characteristics of different industrial wastewater and the different components of pollutants in order to achieve the ideal treatment effect. .
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对高油脂食品加工废水处理中所存在的设计工艺流程长、处理系统结构过于复杂、运行费用高、处理后的排放废水不达标等缺陷,提供一种基于ABR厌氧技术、气浮技术和BAF技术相结合,去除油脂、COD、氨氮和磷的效果好,成本较低,处理系统简单的高油脂食品加工废水处理装置。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method based on ABR anaerobic technology, aiming at defects such as long design process flow, overly complicated structure of the treatment system, high operating costs, and substandard discharged wastewater after treatment in the treatment of high-fat food processing wastewater. The combination of air flotation technology and BAF technology has a good effect on removing grease, COD, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, and is a low-cost, high-fat food processing wastewater treatment device with a simple treatment system.
高油脂食品加工废水处理装置设有粗格栅、细格栅、集水池、事故池、ABR反应器、混凝池、气浮池、曝气生物滤池(曝气生物滤池简称BAF)、混凝反应池、滤布滤池、接触池、污泥池、机械浓缩槽、污泥脱水机、沼气脱硫及焚烧系统、尾气除臭系统;上述粗格栅的进口与高油脂食品加工废水的出口联接,粗格栅出水口与细格栅进水口联接,细格栅出水口一路与集水池进水口联接,另一路与事故池进水口联接,事故池出水口与集水池进水口联接,集水池出水口与ABR反应器进水口联接,ABR反应器出水口与混凝池进水口联接,混凝池出水口与气浮池进水口联接,气浮池出水口与BAF进水口联接,BAF出水口与混凝反应池进水口联接,混凝反应池出水口与滤布滤池进水口联接,滤布滤池出水口与接触池进水口联接;ABR反应器、混凝池、混凝反应池的沉淀物(即污泥)和气浮池的浮渣(即污泥)出口都与污泥池进口联接,污泥池出口与机械浓缩槽进口联接,机械浓缩槽出口与污泥脱水机进口联接;ABR反应器的沼气出口与沼气脱硫及焚烧系统联接;集水池、ABR反应器和气浮池的尾气出口都与尾气除臭系统联接。 The high-fat food processing wastewater treatment device is equipped with coarse screens, fine screens, sump pools, accident pools, ABR reactors, coagulation tanks, air flotation tanks, aerated biological filters (abbreviated as BAF aerated filters), mixed Coagulation reaction tank, filter cloth filter tank, contact tank, sludge tank, mechanical thickening tank, sludge dehydrator, biogas desulfurization and incineration system, tail gas deodorization system; the import of the above coarse grid and the export of high-fat food processing wastewater Connection, the outlet of the coarse grill is connected with the inlet of the fine grill, one of the outlets of the fine grill is connected with the inlet of the sump, the other is connected with the inlet of the accident pool, the outlet of the accident pool is connected with the inlet of the sump, the sump The water outlet is connected to the water inlet of the ABR reactor, the water outlet of the ABR reactor is connected to the water inlet of the coagulation tank, the water outlet of the coagulation tank is connected to the water inlet of the air flotation tank, the water outlet of the air flotation tank is connected to the BAF water inlet, and the BAF water outlet is connected to the mixing tank. The water inlet of the coagulation reaction tank is connected, the water outlet of the coagulation reaction tank is connected with the water inlet of the filter cloth filter, and the water outlet of the filter cloth filter is connected with the water inlet of the contact tank; the sediment of the ABR reactor, the coagulation tank and the coagulation reaction tank (i.e. sludge) and the scum (i.e. sludge) outlet of the air flotation tank are connected to the inlet of the sludge tank, the outlet of the sludge tank is connected to the inlet of the mechanical thickening tank, and the outlet of the mechanical thickening tank is connected to the inlet of the sludge dehydrator; ABR reactor The biogas outlet is connected to the biogas desulfurization and incineration system; the tail gas outlets of the sump, ABR reactor and air flotation tank are all connected to the tail gas deodorization system.
更为具体地: More specifically:
上述气浮池采用气浮法对废水进行处理,该气浮法为布气气浮法、电气浮法、生物及化学气浮法或溶气气浮法中的一种。 The above-mentioned air flotation tank adopts air flotation method to treat wastewater, and the air flotation method is one of air distribution air flotation method, electrical flotation method, biological and chemical air flotation method or dissolved air flotation method.
上述混凝池、混凝反应池和接触池都带有配药系统和加药系统。 The above-mentioned coagulation tank, coagulation reaction tank and contact tank all have a dispensing system and a dosing system.
上述污泥脱水机为叠螺式脱水机、真空过滤脱水机、压滤脱水机或离心脱水机中的一种。 The above-mentioned sludge dewatering machine is one of a stacked screw dewatering machine, a vacuum filter dewatering machine, a filter press dewatering machine or a centrifugal dewatering machine.
本发明的技术方案为:高油脂食品加工废水→除渣→ABR厌氧处理→气浮→BAF生化→滤布过滤→消毒→出水。 The technical scheme of the present invention is: high-fat food processing waste water → slag removal → ABR anaerobic treatment → air flotation → BAF biochemical → filter cloth filtration → disinfection → water discharge.
高油脂食品加工废水经过以上技术方案处理的效果如表1所示: The effect of high-fat food processing wastewater treated by the above technical solutions is shown in Table 1:
表1高油脂食品加工废水各处理单元的效果 Table 1 The effect of each treatment unit of high-fat food processing wastewater
采用本发明对食品废水处理,使其达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准的能耗为:≤0.44度/吨;本发明的处理方法的废水处理药剂消耗为:≤0.24元/吨。 Using the present invention to treat food waste water so that it reaches the first-level A standard of the "Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard" (GB18918-2002), the energy consumption is: ≤0.44 degrees/ton; the waste water treatment agent of the treatment method of the present invention Consumption: ≤0.24 yuan/ton.
本发明与现有技术比较,具有以下突出优点: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages:
(1)针对食品加工废水中油脂浓度高的水质特点,先通过ABR反应器多分格的构造形式去除动植物浮油,再通过投加石灰和PAC,使废水中动植物油等有机污染物形成絮体,废水中的磷酸根与钙离子和铝离子反应生成磷酸盐沉淀去除,然后通过气浮池产生大量的微细气泡,促使残余的油脂粘附于杂质絮体颗粒上,形成比重小于水的絮体上浮水面,从而去除大部分动植物油脂等有机污染物,不仅使得油类指标达标,而且降低后续BAF生化处理的负荷。 (1) In view of the water quality characteristics of high oil concentration in food processing wastewater, first remove animal and plant oil slicks through the multi-compartment structure of the ABR reactor, and then add lime and PAC to make organic pollutants such as animal and vegetable oils in the wastewater form flocs Phosphate radicals in wastewater react with calcium ions and aluminum ions to form phosphate precipitation and remove them, and then generate a large number of fine air bubbles through the air flotation tank, which promotes the residual oil to adhere to the impurity floc particles, forming flocs with a specific gravity lower than water Floating to the water surface, thereby removing most of the organic pollutants such as animal and vegetable oils, not only making the oil indicators meet the standards, but also reducing the load of subsequent BAF biochemical treatment.
(2)通过BAF中微生物的硝化反硝化作用,可以有效去除食品加工废水中的氨氮和总氮。 (2) Through the nitrification and denitrification of microorganisms in BAF, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in food processing wastewater can be effectively removed.
(3)先通过在混凝池投加石灰和PAC,使废水中的磷酸根与钙离子和铝离子反应生成磷酸盐沉淀去除,然后在后续的混凝反应池中投加PAC进一步化学除磷,保证总磷≤0.5mg/L。 (3) First, by adding lime and PAC to the coagulation tank, the phosphate radical in the wastewater reacts with calcium ions and aluminum ions to form phosphate precipitation, and then adds PAC to the subsequent coagulation reaction tank to further chemically remove phosphorus , to ensure total phosphorus ≤ 0.5mg/L.
(4)高油脂食品加工废水通过本发明的处理,出水水质可达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996) 中的一级A标准。 (4) The high-fat food processing wastewater can be treated by the present invention, and the effluent water quality can reach the first-class A standard in the national comprehensive sewage discharge standard (GB8978-1996).
(5)ABR反应器厌氧微生物产生的沼气经沼气脱硫及焚烧系统进行处理后再进入尾气除臭系统,且集水池和气浮池产生的气体也都与进入尾气除臭系统处理,不仅对厌氧产生的沼气进行资源化回收利用,而且通过尾气除臭系统大幅度减少废水处理过程中产生的恶臭,保证周围的空气质量。 (5) The biogas produced by anaerobic microorganisms in the ABR reactor is processed by the biogas desulfurization and incineration system before entering the tail gas deodorization system, and the gas generated by the water collection tank and the air flotation tank is also treated with the tail gas deodorization system, not only for anaerobic The generated biogas is recycled as a resource, and the odor generated during the wastewater treatment process is greatly reduced through the tail gas deodorization system to ensure the surrounding air quality.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明上述高油脂食品加工废水处理装置实施例的结构组成示意图。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and composition of an embodiment of the above-mentioned high-fat food processing wastewater treatment device of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面参照附图1说明本发明的具体实施方式。 The specific embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to accompanying drawing 1.
参照图1,高油脂食品加工废水处理装置,其特征在于它包括粗格栅1、细格栅2、集水池3、事故池4、ABR反应器5、混凝池6、气浮池7、曝气生物滤池(BAF)8、滤布滤池9、接触池10、污泥池11、机械浓缩槽12、污泥脱水机13、混凝反应池14、沼气脱硫及焚烧系统15、尾气除臭系统16、配药和加药系统A、配药和加药系统B、配药和加药系统C。 Referring to Fig. 1, the high-fat food processing wastewater treatment device is characterized in that it includes a coarse grid 1, a fine grid 2, a sump 3, an accident pool 4, an ABR reactor 5, a coagulation tank 6, an air flotation tank 7, an aeration tank Biogas filter (BAF) 8, filter cloth filter 9, contact tank 10, sludge tank 11, mechanical concentration tank 12, sludge dehydrator 13, coagulation reaction tank 14, biogas desulfurization and incineration system 15, tail gas removal Odor system 16, dispensing and dosing system A, dispensing and dosing system B, dosing and dosing system C.
上述粗格栅1的进口与高油脂食品加工废水的出口联接,粗格栅1出水口与细格栅2进水口联接,细格栅2出水口一路与集水池3进水口联接,另一路与事故池4进水口联接,事故池4出水口与集水池3进水口联接,集水池3出水口与ABR反应器5进水口联接,ABR反应器5出水口与混凝池6进水口联接,混凝池6出水口与气浮池7进水口联接,气浮池7出水口与曝气生物滤池8进水口联接,曝气生物滤池8出水口与混凝反应池14进水口联接混凝反应池14出水口与滤布滤池9进水口联接,滤布滤池9出水口与接触池10进水口联接;ABR反应器5、混凝池6、混凝反应池14的沉淀物(即污泥)和气浮池7的浮渣(即污泥)出口都与污泥池11进口联接,污泥池11出口与机械浓缩槽12进口联接,机械浓缩槽12出口与污泥脱水机13进口联接;ABR反应器5的沼气出口与沼气脱硫及焚烧系统15联接;集水池3、ABR反应器5和气浮池7的尾气出口都与尾气除臭系统16联接。 The inlet of the coarse grid 1 is connected to the outlet of the high-fat food processing waste water, the outlet of the coarse grid 1 is connected to the water inlet of the fine grid 2, the water outlet of the fine grid 2 is connected to the water inlet of the sump 3, and the other is connected to the water inlet of the sump 3. The water inlet of accident pool 4 is connected, the water outlet of accident pool 4 is connected with the water inlet of sump 3, the water outlet of sump 3 is connected with the water inlet of ABR reactor 5, the water outlet of ABR reactor 5 is connected with the water inlet of coagulation tank 6, and the mixing The water outlet of coagulation tank 6 is connected with the water inlet of air flotation tank 7, the water outlet of air flotation tank 7 is connected with the water inlet of biological aerated filter tank 8, the water outlet of biological aerated filter tank 8 is connected with the water inlet of coagulation reaction tank 14, and the coagulation reaction tank The 14 water outlet is connected with the water inlet of the filter cloth filter 9, and the water outlet of the filter cloth filter 9 is connected with the water inlet of the contact tank 10; ) and the scum (i.e. sludge) outlet of the air flotation tank 7 are connected with the inlet of the sludge tank 11, the outlet of the sludge tank 11 is connected with the inlet of the mechanical thickening tank 12, and the outlet of the mechanical thickening tank 12 is connected with the inlet of the sludge dehydrator 13; ABR The biogas outlet of the reactor 5 is connected with the biogas desulfurization and incineration system 15 ;
本发明是在对现有高油脂食品加工废水的成份、性质和现有处理方案进行深入系统的对比研究之后完成的对高油脂食品加工废水处理装置的设计,它通过ABR、气浮和曝气生物滤池等技术的综合运用,从而形成一种特别适合于高油脂食品加工废水的处理装置。 The present invention is the design of the high-fat food processing wastewater treatment device completed after an in-depth and systematic comparative study on the components, properties and existing treatment schemes of the existing high-fat food processing wastewater. It uses ABR, air flotation and aeration The comprehensive application of biological filter and other technologies has formed a treatment device that is especially suitable for high-fat food processing wastewater.
下面参照附图1说明本发明的具体实施方式。 The specific embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to accompanying drawing 1.
实施例1 Example 1
10吨/日高油脂食品加工废水处理方法。 10 tons/day High fat food processing wastewater treatment method.
上述的高油脂食品加工废水水质指标经测定如表2所示。 The water quality indicators of the above-mentioned high-fat food processing wastewater have been determined and are shown in Table 2.
表2 高油脂食品加工废水的水质指标 Table 2 Water quality indicators of high-fat food processing wastewater
(1)除渣 (1) Slag removal
高油脂食品加工废水经管道收集后进入粗格栅1和细格栅2,先通过粗格栅1去除废水的中粗大的浮漂物,然后通过细格栅2进一步去除水中大部分不可溶解性的悬浮物,产生的隔渣打包外运,防止悬浮物对后续管、泵以及构筑物堵塞;正常运行情况下,废水进入集水池3;发生突发事件时废水则进入事故池4,通过事故池4以储存事故生产时排放水,以便后续稀释处理后再进入集水池3,防止高浓度负荷对后续处理工艺的冲击; The high-fat food processing wastewater is collected by the pipeline and enters the coarse grid 1 and the fine grid 2. The coarse floating matter in the wastewater is removed through the coarse grid 1, and then most of the insoluble substances in the water are further removed through the fine grid 2. Suspended solids, the generated slag is packaged and transported abroad to prevent the suspended solids from clogging subsequent pipes, pumps and structures; under normal operation, the wastewater enters the sump 3; when an emergency occurs, the wastewater enters the accident pool 4 and passes through the accident pool 4 To store the discharged water during accidental production, so that it can enter the sump 3 after subsequent dilution treatment, so as to prevent the impact of high concentration load on the subsequent treatment process;
(2)ABR厌氧处理 (2) ABR anaerobic treatment
集水池3出水经提升泵提升进入ABR反应器5,一方面利用ABR反应器5的多分格结构去除浮油;另一方面,经过ABR反应器5中厌氧菌、兼氧菌的吸附、发酵、产甲烷共同作用下将有机酸分解成甲烷和二氧化碳,降低COD; The effluent of the sump 3 is lifted into the ABR reactor 5 by the lifting pump. On the one hand, the multi-compartment structure of the ABR reactor 5 is used to remove oil slicks; Under the combined action of methanogenesis, organic acids are decomposed into methane and carbon dioxide, reducing COD;
(3)气浮 (3) air flotation
ABR反应器5出水流入混凝池6,通过配药和加药系统A在搅拌条件下先投加5ppm的石灰,再加入5ppm 的PAC进行混凝处理,最后投加60ppm的石灰调节pH至8.0后进入气浮池7进行气浮分离,通过气浮除油除磷,并进一步降低SS; The effluent from the ABR reactor 5 flows into the coagulation tank 6, through the dispensing and dosing system A, first add 5ppm of lime under stirring conditions, then add 5ppm of PAC for coagulation treatment, and finally add 60ppm of lime to adjust the pH to 8.0 Enter the air flotation tank 7 for air flotation separation, remove oil and phosphorus through air flotation, and further reduce SS;
(4)曝气生物滤池生化 (4) Biological aerated filter biochemistry
气浮池出水进入曝气生物滤池8,通过生物氧化降解作用对废水进行净化,进一步除去COD、氨氮和总氮,同时起到过滤的作用进一步去除SS,得到净化废水; The effluent from the air flotation tank enters the biological aerated filter 8, and the wastewater is purified through biological oxidation and degradation to further remove COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, and at the same time play a role in filtering to further remove SS to obtain purified wastewater;
(5)混凝 (5) Coagulation
曝气生物滤池8出水先自流进入混凝反应池14; The effluent from the biological aerated filter 8 first flows into the coagulation reaction tank 14 by gravity;
(6)过滤 (6) filter
混凝反应池14的出水自流进入滤布滤池9进行过滤分离,完成总磷的去除; The effluent from the coagulation reaction tank 14 flows into the filter cloth filter tank 9 for filtration and separation by gravity, so as to complete the removal of total phosphorus;
(7)消毒 (7) Disinfection
滤布滤池9出水进入接触池10通过配药和加药系统C进行二氧化氯消毒,对废水进行杀菌消毒;同时接触池10兼作反洗水池; The effluent from the filter cloth filter 9 enters the contact pool 10 to carry out chlorine dioxide disinfection through the dispensing and dosing system C to sterilize the waste water; at the same time, the contact pool 10 doubles as a backwash pool;
(8)污泥处理 (8) Sludge treatment
步骤(2)ABR厌氧处理的ABR反应器5、步骤(3)气浮中的混凝池6、步骤(5)混凝中混凝反应池14产生的沉淀(即污泥)和步骤(3)气浮中的气浮池7产生的浮渣(即污泥)都通过管道进入污泥池11,然后依次经过机械浓缩槽12和污泥脱水机13的脱水作用使得污泥减容,脱水后干泥进行外运或堆肥处理,滤液则回流至步骤(1)除渣中的集水池3;上述污泥脱水机13为离心脱水机; Step (2) ABR reactor 5 for ABR anaerobic treatment, step (3) coagulation tank 6 in air flotation, step (5) sediment (ie sludge) produced in coagulation reaction tank 14 in coagulation and step ( 3) The scum (sludge) produced by the air flotation tank 7 in the air flotation enters the sludge tank 11 through the pipeline, and then goes through the dehydration of the mechanical thickening tank 12 and the sludge dewatering machine 13 in order to reduce the volume of the sludge and dehydrate it. Finally, the dried mud is transported or composted, and the filtrate is returned to the sump 3 in the step (1) of slag removal; the above-mentioned sludge dewatering machine 13 is a centrifugal dehydrating machine;
(9)气体处理 (9) Gas treatment
步骤(2)厌氧处理中ABR反应器5厌氧微生物产生的沼气经沼气脱硫及焚烧系统15处理后的尾气进入尾气除臭系统16处理;同时,步骤(1)除渣中的集水池3和步骤(3)气浮中的气浮池7产生的气体也都与进入尾气除臭系统16处理。 In step (2) in the anaerobic treatment, the biogas produced by the anaerobic microorganisms in the ABR reactor 5 is treated by the biogas desulfurization and incineration system 15, and the tail gas enters the tail gas deodorization system 16 for treatment; And the gas generated by the air flotation tank 7 in the air flotation in step (3) also enters the tail gas deodorization system 16 for treatment.
经过各处理单元处理后的效果如表3。 Table 3 shows the effect after processing by each processing unit.
表3 高油脂食品加工废水处理后的效果 Table 3 Effect of treatment of high-fat food processing wastewater
实施例2 Example 2
40吨/日高油脂食品加工废水处理方法。 40 tons/day high fat food processing wastewater treatment method.
上述的高油脂食品加工废水水质指标经测定如表4所示。 The water quality indicators of the above-mentioned high-fat food processing wastewater have been determined and are shown in Table 4.
表4 高油脂食品加工废水的水质指标 Table 4 Water quality indicators of high-fat food processing wastewater
(1)除渣 (1) Slag removal
高油脂食品加工废水经管道收集后进入粗格栅1和细格栅2,先通过粗格栅1去除废水的中粗大的浮漂物,然后通过细格栅2进一步去除水中大部分不可溶解性的悬浮物,产生的隔渣打包外运,防止悬浮物对后续管、泵以及构筑物堵塞;正常运行情况下,废水进入集水池3;发生突发事件时废水则进入事故池4,通过事故池4以储存事故生产时排放水,以便后续稀释处理后再进入集水池3,防止高浓度负荷对后续处理工艺的冲击; The high-fat food processing wastewater is collected by the pipeline and enters the coarse grid 1 and the fine grid 2. The coarse floating matter in the wastewater is removed through the coarse grid 1, and then most of the insoluble substances in the water are further removed through the fine grid 2. Suspended solids, the generated slag is packaged and transported abroad to prevent the suspended solids from clogging subsequent pipes, pumps and structures; under normal operation, the wastewater enters the sump 3; when an emergency occurs, the wastewater enters the accident pool 4 and passes through the accident pool 4 To store the discharged water during accidental production, so that it can enter the sump 3 after subsequent dilution treatment, so as to prevent the impact of high concentration load on the subsequent treatment process;
(2)ABR厌氧处理 (2) ABR anaerobic treatment
集水池3出水经提升泵提升进入ABR反应器5,一方面利用ABR反应器5的多分格结构去除浮油;另一方面,经过ABR反应器5中厌氧菌、兼氧菌的吸附、发酵、产甲烷共同作用下将有机酸分解成甲烷和二氧化碳,降低COD; The effluent of the sump 3 is lifted into the ABR reactor 5 by the lifting pump. On the one hand, the multi-compartment structure of the ABR reactor 5 is used to remove oil slicks; Under the combined action of methanogenesis, organic acids are decomposed into methane and carbon dioxide, reducing COD;
(3)气浮 (3) air flotation
ABR反应器5出水流入混凝池6,通过配药和加药系统A在搅拌条件下先投加75ppm的石灰,再加入60ppm 的PAC进行混凝处理,最后投加180ppm的石灰调节pH至8.5后进入气浮池7进行气浮分离,通过气浮除油除磷,并进一步降低SS; The effluent of ABR reactor 5 flows into the coagulation tank 6, through the dispensing and dosing system A, under stirring conditions, 75ppm of lime is first added, and then 60ppm of PAC is added for coagulation treatment, and finally 180ppm of lime is added to adjust the pH to 8.5. Enter the air flotation tank 7 for air flotation separation, remove oil and phosphorus through air flotation, and further reduce SS;
(4)曝气生物滤池生化 (4) Biological aerated filter biochemistry
气浮池7出水进入曝气生物滤池8,通过生物氧化降解作用对废水进行净化,进一步除去COD、氨氮和总氮,同时起到过滤的作用进一步去除SS,得到净化废水; The effluent from the air flotation tank 7 enters the biological aerated filter 8, and the wastewater is purified through biological oxidation and degradation to further remove COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, and at the same time play a role in filtering to further remove SS to obtain purified wastewater;
(5)混凝 (5) Coagulation
曝气生物滤池8出水先自流进入混凝反应池14,通过配药和加药系统B投加20ppm的 PAC,进行化学除磷,以确保总磷达标; The effluent from the biological aerated filter 8 first flows into the coagulation reaction tank 14 by gravity, and 20ppm of PAC is added through the dispensing and dosing system B to carry out chemical phosphorus removal to ensure that the total phosphorus reaches the standard;
(6)过滤 (6) filter
混凝反应池14的出水自流进入滤布滤池9进行过滤分离,完成总磷的去除; The effluent from the coagulation reaction tank 14 flows into the filter cloth filter tank 9 for filtration and separation by gravity, so as to complete the removal of total phosphorus;
(7)消毒 (7) Disinfection
滤布滤池9出水进入接触池10通过配药和加药系统C进行二氧化氯消毒,对废水进行杀菌消毒;同时接触池10兼作反洗水池; The effluent from the filter cloth filter 9 enters the contact pool 10 to carry out chlorine dioxide disinfection through the dispensing and dosing system C to sterilize the waste water; at the same time, the contact pool 10 doubles as a backwash pool;
(8)污泥处理 (8) Sludge treatment
步骤(2)ABR厌氧处理的ABR反应器5、步骤(3)气浮中的混凝池6、步骤(5)混凝中混凝反应池14产生的沉淀(即污泥)和步骤(3)气浮中的气浮池7产生的浮渣(即污泥)都通过管道进入污泥池11,然后依次经过机械浓缩槽12和污泥脱水机13的脱水作用使得污泥减容,脱水后干泥进行外运或堆肥处理,滤液则回流至步骤(1)除渣中的集水池3;上述污泥脱水机13为压滤脱水机; Step (2) ABR reactor 5 for ABR anaerobic treatment, step (3) coagulation tank 6 in air flotation, step (5) sediment (ie sludge) produced in coagulation reaction tank 14 in coagulation and step ( 3) The scum (sludge) produced by the air flotation tank 7 in the air flotation enters the sludge tank 11 through the pipeline, and then goes through the dehydration of the mechanical thickening tank 12 and the sludge dewatering machine 13 in order to reduce the volume of the sludge and dehydrate it. Finally, the dried mud is transported or composted, and the filtrate is returned to the sump 3 in the step (1) of slag removal; the above-mentioned sludge dewatering machine 13 is a filter press dehydrating machine;
(9)气体处理 (9) Gas treatment
步骤(2)厌氧处理中ABR反应器5厌氧微生物产生的沼气经沼气脱硫及焚烧系统15处理后的尾气进入尾气除臭系统16处理;同时,步骤(1)除渣中的集水池3和步骤(3)气浮中的气浮池7产生的气体也都与进入尾气除臭系统16处理。 In step (2) in the anaerobic treatment, the biogas produced by the anaerobic microorganisms in the ABR reactor 5 is treated by the biogas desulfurization and incineration system 15, and the tail gas enters the tail gas deodorization system 16 for treatment; And the gas generated by the air flotation tank 7 in the air flotation in step (3) also enters the tail gas deodorization system 16 for treatment.
经过各处理单元处理后的效果如表5。 Table 5 shows the effect after processing by each processing unit.
表5 高油脂食品加工废水处理后的效果 Table 5 Effect of high-fat food processing wastewater after treatment
实施例3 Example 3
12000吨/日某牛奶花生系列食品加工废水处理工程。 12,000 tons/day of a milk and peanut series food processing wastewater treatment project.
上述的某牛奶花生系列食品加工废水水质指标经测定如表6所示。 The water quality indicators of the above-mentioned certain milk and peanut series food processing wastewater have been determined and are shown in Table 6.
表6 某牛奶花生系列食品加工废水的水质指标 Table 6 Water quality indicators of a certain milk and peanut series food processing wastewater
(1)除渣 (1) Slag removal
高油脂食品加工废水经管道收集后进入粗格栅1和细格栅2,先通过粗格栅1去除废水的中粗大的浮漂物,然后通过细格栅2进一步去除水中大部分不可溶解性的悬浮物,产生的隔渣打包外运,防止悬浮物对后续管、泵以及构筑物堵塞;正常运行情况下,废水进入集水池3;发生突发事件时废水则进入事故池4,通过事故池4以储存事故生产时排放水,以便后续稀释处理后再进入集水池3,防止高浓度负荷对后续处理工艺的冲击; The high-fat food processing wastewater is collected by the pipeline and enters the coarse grid 1 and the fine grid 2. The coarse floating matter in the wastewater is removed through the coarse grid 1, and then most of the insoluble substances in the water are further removed through the fine grid 2. Suspended solids, the generated slag is packaged and transported abroad to prevent the suspended solids from clogging subsequent pipes, pumps and structures; under normal operation, the wastewater enters the sump 3; when an emergency occurs, the wastewater enters the accident pool 4 and passes through the accident pool 4 To store the discharged water during accidental production, so that it can enter the sump 3 after subsequent dilution treatment, so as to prevent the impact of high concentration load on the subsequent treatment process;
(2)ABR厌氧处理 (2) ABR anaerobic treatment
集水池3出水经提升泵提升进入ABR反应器5,一方面利用ABR反应器5的多分格结构去除浮油;另一方面,经过ABR反应器5中厌氧菌、兼氧菌的吸附、发酵、产甲烷共同作用下将有机酸分解成甲烷和二氧化碳,降低COD; The effluent of the sump 3 is lifted into the ABR reactor 5 by the lifting pump. On the one hand, the multi-compartment structure of the ABR reactor 5 is used to remove oil slicks; Under the combined action of methanogenesis, organic acids are decomposed into methane and carbon dioxide, reducing COD;
(3)气浮 (3) air flotation
ABR反应器5出水流入混凝池6,通过配药和加药系统A在搅拌条件下先投加50ppm的石灰,再加入40ppm 的PAC进行混凝处理,最后投加125ppm的石灰调节pH至8.2后进入气浮池7进行气浮分离,通过气浮除油除磷,并进一步降低SS; The effluent from ABR reactor 5 flows into the coagulation tank 6, through the dispensing and dosing system A, first add 50ppm of lime under stirring conditions, then add 40ppm of PAC for coagulation treatment, and finally add 125ppm of lime to adjust the pH to 8.2 Enter the air flotation tank 7 for air flotation separation, remove oil and phosphorus through air flotation, and further reduce SS;
(4)曝气生物滤池生化 (4) Biological aerated filter biochemistry
气浮池出水进入曝气生物滤池8,通过生物氧化降解作用对废水进行净化,进一步除去COD、氨氮和总氮,同时起到过滤的作用进一步去除SS,得到净化废水; The effluent from the air flotation tank enters the biological aerated filter 8, and the wastewater is purified through biological oxidation and degradation to further remove COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, and at the same time play a role in filtering to further remove SS to obtain purified wastewater;
(5)混凝 (5) Coagulation
曝气生物滤池8出水先自流进入混凝反应池14,通过配药和加药系统B投加10ppm的 PAC,进行化学除磷,以确保总磷达标; The effluent from the biological aerated filter 8 first flows into the coagulation reaction tank 14 by itself, and 10ppm of PAC is added through the dispensing and dosing system B to carry out chemical phosphorus removal to ensure that the total phosphorus reaches the standard;
(6)过滤 (6) filter
混凝反应池14的出水自流进入滤布滤池9进行过滤分离,完成总磷的去除; The effluent from the coagulation reaction tank 14 flows into the filter cloth filter tank 9 for filtration and separation by gravity, so as to complete the removal of total phosphorus;
(7)消毒 (7) Disinfection
滤布滤池9出水进入接触池10通过配药和加药系统C进行二氧化氯消毒,对废水进行杀菌消毒;同时接触池10兼作反洗水池; The effluent from the filter cloth filter 9 enters the contact pool 10 to carry out chlorine dioxide disinfection through the dispensing and dosing system C to sterilize the waste water; at the same time, the contact pool 10 doubles as a backwash pool;
(8)污泥处理 (8) Sludge treatment
步骤(2)ABR厌氧处理的ABR反应器5、步骤(3)气浮中的混凝池6、步骤(5)混凝中混凝反应池14产生的沉淀(即污泥)和步骤(3)气浮中的气浮池7产生的浮渣(即污泥)都通过管道进入污泥池11,然后依次经过机械浓缩槽12和污泥脱水机13的脱水作用使得污泥减容,脱水后干泥进行外运或堆肥处理,滤液则回流至步骤(1)除渣中的集水池3;上述污泥脱水机13为叠螺式脱水机; Step (2) ABR reactor 5 for ABR anaerobic treatment, step (3) coagulation tank 6 in air flotation, step (5) sediment (ie sludge) produced in coagulation reaction tank 14 in coagulation and step ( 3) The scum (sludge) produced by the air flotation tank 7 in the air flotation enters the sludge tank 11 through the pipeline, and then goes through the dehydration of the mechanical thickening tank 12 and the sludge dewatering machine 13 in order to reduce the volume of the sludge and dehydrate it. Finally, the dried mud is transported or composted, and the filtrate is returned to the sump 3 in the step (1) of slag removal; the above-mentioned sludge dewatering machine 13 is a stacking screw dehydrating machine;
(9)气体处理 (9) Gas treatment
步骤(2)厌氧处理中ABR反应器5厌氧微生物产生的沼气经沼气脱硫及焚烧系统15处理后的尾气进入尾气除臭系统16处理;同时,步骤(1)除渣中的集水池3和步骤(3)气浮中的气浮池7产生的气体也都与进入尾气除臭系统16处理。 In step (2) in the anaerobic treatment, the biogas produced by the anaerobic microorganisms in the ABR reactor 5 is treated by the biogas desulfurization and incineration system 15, and the tail gas enters the tail gas deodorization system 16 for treatment; And the gas generated by the air flotation tank 7 in the air flotation in step (3) also enters the tail gas deodorization system 16 for treatment.
经过各处理单元处理后的效果如表7。 Table 7 shows the effect after processing by each processing unit.
表7 高油脂食品加工废水处理后的效果 Table 7 Effect of high-fat food processing wastewater after treatment
本工程总装机容量379.48kW,实际运行功率220.55kW,则本工程吨水电耗0.44度,吨水电费0.35元/吨水; The total installed capacity of this project is 379.48kW, and the actual operating power is 220.55kW, so the water and electricity consumption per ton of this project is 0.44 degrees, and the water and electricity fee per ton is 0.35 yuan/ton of water;
本工程的药剂费为: The pharmacy fee for this project is:
进水pH值调节加药费用为0.05元/吨水(石灰投加量125 mg/L); Influent pH value adjustment dosing cost is 0.05 yuan/ton of water (lime dosage 125 mg/L);
污泥调理剂阳离子PAM按8.3kg/t干污泥计算,本系统绝干污泥量2.06吨/天,折合成吨水成本为0.05元/吨水; Sludge conditioner cationic PAM is calculated on the basis of 8.3kg/t dry sludge, the absolute dry sludge volume of this system is 2.06 tons/day, and the cost of converted ton of water is 0.05 yuan/ton of water;
气浮加药为PAC40ppm,石灰50ppm,混凝反应池加药PAC10ppm,费用为0.10元/吨水; Dosing for air flotation is PAC40ppm, lime 50ppm, dosing for coagulation reaction tank is PAC10ppm, and the cost is 0.10 yuan/ton of water;
二氧化氯消毒药剂费用为0.04元/吨水; The cost of chlorine dioxide disinfectant is 0.04 yuan/ton of water;
药剂费合计=0.05+0.05+0.10+0.04=0.24元/吨废水; Total medicament fee=0.05+0.05+0.10+0.04=0.24 yuan/ton of waste water;
本工程的满负荷直接运行费用为: The full-load direct operating cost of the project is:
满负荷运行时直接费用= 0.35+0.24=0.59元/吨水。 Direct cost at full load = 0.35+0.24=0.59 yuan/ton of water.
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