CN103503223B - There is the set of cells of independent battery management - Google Patents

There is the set of cells of independent battery management Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103503223B
CN103503223B CN201280019619.6A CN201280019619A CN103503223B CN 103503223 B CN103503223 B CN 103503223B CN 201280019619 A CN201280019619 A CN 201280019619A CN 103503223 B CN103503223 B CN 103503223B
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battery
accumulator
module
cells
switch
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CN201280019619.6A
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CN103503223A (en
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G·德佩斯
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Priority claimed from FR1151689A external-priority patent/FR2972304A1/en
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of set of cells, including the multiple modules (12 being disposed in series；112), it is characterised in that module (12；112) battery (11 is included；50；111) cell switch (13 and with this battery being disposed in series；63；113), it is used for controlling cell switch (13；63；113) control circuit (27；67；127) by least one battery (11 of the module of set of cells；50；111) directly power.

Description

There is the set of cells of independent battery management
Technical field
The present invention relates to set of cells.The set of cells of its particularly include being made up of multiple element cells multiple grades.
The method that the invention still further relates to manage set of cells.
Background technology
Fig. 1 and 2 represents also referred to as the prior art set of cells of " battery pack ".Hereinafter will be simply referred as set of cells This type of battery pack be bundled into by a large amount of cell group.This type of cell group has cylindrical shape, it may for example comprise a large amount of Negative electrodes, take the staggered concentric drums being wound around in a spiral form or the shape of layer separated by electrolyte with thin layer Formula.The active part of the structure of these element representative unit set of cells, i.e. it is formed directly to storing and the function of conveying electric energy The assembly contributed.In this example, this active part is substantially chemical.Note that this of also referred to as element cell Class cell group can include active part based on other compound or the active part of capacitive properties.Additionally, unit is electric The active part of pond group is arranged in shell, and the first outer surface of this shell forms plus end or first bus-bar of set of cells And second outer surface form negative terminal or the second bus-bar.The function of this shell is to maintain and supports the active part of set of cells also It is sealed against for external environment condition.That encloses and form fixing, the physical assemblies of inseparable entirety, its electrical connection can not coverlet User's amendment of unit's set of cells, this user sees the output electric current equal to input current at two terminal.By active part Therefore this assembly formed and the shell with two terminals will be referred to simply as element cell, and claim the most simply For battery.The set of cells represented in fig 1 and 2 more properly includes multiple levels or the module 2 being disposed in series, and each mould Block includes the multiple batteries 1 arranged in parallel, as used shown in figure in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 represents the general framework of this type of set of cells, and wherein, each battery has drum and it is such as lithium ion Type set of cells.In this example, each module 2 includes ten batteries 1 of two rows, and wherein the cylindrical side of adjacent cell is carried out Contact.Additionally, set of cells includes 11 laminating modules 2, it is configured such that the axle pair of cylindrical battery of disparate modules Accurate so that battery is aligned the most in a longitudinal direction thereof.This alignment is placed hence in so that the overall size of minimum can be obtained.
Use this type of prior art set of cells motor 5 power supply is forced need to be arranged on set of cells and motor 5 it Between AC or DC/DC transducer formula intermediary device 6, as represented in fig. 3.The function of device 6 is by the output electricity of set of cells Pressure adjusts the requirement to motor 5, in order to be adapted to the speed needed for motor and torque.Note that this principle be applicable to by Battery-powered any load.Additionally, during the charging of set of cells, it is necessary between electrical network and set of cells, use simulator Part is to follow the input voltage of electrical network.The use of these intermediary device being connected to set of cells has many shortcomings, including crystalline substance The generation of the loss at body pipe and other parts of being used, this causes the energy expenditure added generally.Additionally, this expression is attached The volume added.
The management of this type of prior art set of cells generally includes observes output electric parameter thus to derive what it ran Diagnosis.This method has turned out to be inadequate, because its region not allowing to accurately determine set of cells, such as, all Such as out of order module or some battery group.In practice, its result be set of cells run bad optimization and once its have The most quickly declining of its performance during faulty part, is often accompanied by high progression and the premature aging of its situation.
In order to improve this overall plan, there is some diagnostic method, it is to observe at battery module Some parameter.This second method makes it possible to more properly realize the topographical view of the special properties of the certain module of set of cells Examine.But its embodiment is complicated, and needs are forced to use many electric wires to be connected to each by central diagnosis equipment Module, this may cause high electrical hazard, because wire is easily heated or exposed due to friction, and the most such as relatively Far separately and have between two levels of high potential difference and produce short circuit.Additionally, this solution force needs in the middle of electricity every From to protect central diagnosis equipment, the current potential being associated with its power supply may with the current potential being present in set of cells the most not With.Finally, it makes to realize the overall operation to set of cells and not satisfied effect.
In addition to this conventional batteries group as above, document FR2926168 describes a kind of circuit, and it includes and energy The amount associated plurality of switchable energy-storage travelling wave tube of generating apparatus, in order to supply variable output voltage is to be adapted to wanting of motor Ask.This type of method brings the motility of use compared with above-mentioned conventional batteries group, but does not provide other shortcoming any of the above described Any solution.
Therefore it is required that a kind of at least some of improvement energy storage allowing to eliminate in the shortcoming of existing solution solves Scheme, and the present invention manages to realize some or all in following purpose.
The first object of the present invention be propose a kind of it possible to assure that the energy storage solution of long-term reliability service.
The second object of the present invention is to propose one to be adapted easily to different use requirement, and the variable of such as motor is wanted The energy storage solution asked.
To this end, the invention provides the set of cells of a kind of multiple modules including and being disposed in series, each module includes fitting Together in being connected to the lower terminal of lower module and being suitable for being connected to the upper terminal of upper module, each module is included in its lower end At least one branch road including battery between son and its upper terminal, it is characterised in that include being arranged on the switch at given module With directly by the control circuit of at least one battery powered described switch of given module or adjacent block.
At least one switch described can be in the following:
Cell switch, for being connected or disconnected from the particular battery of set of cells；
Paralleling switch, for bypass or the particular battery of not shunt battery group；
Module switch, for bypass or the module of not shunt battery group；
For simultaneously bypass or the switch of not multiple modules of shunt battery group；
For making set of cells output voltage anti-phase or nonphase-inverting switch；
For the series/parallel permutator that some subdivision of set of cells in series or is in parallel disposed；
For in series or in parallel arranging the extra switch of two batteries.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method managing set of cells as above, it is characterised in that include from given module or The step that the control circuit of at least one battery of adjacent block the switch to being arranged at the given module of set of cells is powered.
The present invention is more properly defined by the claims.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In the following description of the specific embodiment be given in the way of non-limiting example with reference to accompanying drawing, describe in detail Object of the present invention and feature and advantage, in the drawing:
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the structure of prior art set of cells.
Fig. 2 illustrate in perspective view the actual framework of this type of prior art set of cells.
Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the circuit of the motor that this type of prior art set of cells is used for its power supply.
Fig. 4 diagrammatically illustrates set of cells according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 diagrammatically illustrates the module of the set of cells of the present embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 show more exactly the circuit for implementing the module shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 shows the circuit diagram for using the module shown in Fig. 5 according to variant embodiments.
Fig. 8 shows the physics of the Electricity Functional of the present invention in the framework of set of cells according to an embodiment of the invention Embodiment.
Fig. 9 show more exactly the parts being present in each electronic cards of the present embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 a and 10b shows the variant of the present embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 illustrates in greater detail the framework of the electronic cards of this variant of the present embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 12 shows second variant of the present embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 illustrates in greater detail the electricity being associated with module of basis second variant of the present embodiment according to the present invention The framework of subcard.
Figure 14 a and 14b shows the 3rd variant of the present embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 15 shows the variant of the electronic cards of the present embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 shows the internal structure of prior art lithium-ion type battery.
Figure 17 shows the internal structure of lithium-ion type battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 18 to 20 shows the variant of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 21 shows an embodiment of the frame combining the battery according to the present invention.
Figure 22 shows the above-mentioned frame being integrated in motor vehicles according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 23 shows the principle of control parallel transistor according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 24 shows an embodiment of the control system of the set of cells according to the present invention.
Figure 25 shows the example of the voltage can supplied by the set of cells according to the present invention.
Figure 26 shows the embodiment of the set of cells according to the present invention being characterized with H bridge.
Figure 27 illustrates in greater detail the framework of the set of cells including H bridge according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 28 shows the system for charging set of cells according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 29 diagrammatically illustrates the carrier current communication in set of cells according to an embodiment of the invention The use of principle.
Figure 30 to 32 shows the set of cells with multiple single paralleling switch according to an embodiment of the invention Three variants.
Figure 33 is shown in which that set of cells is separated into the embodiments of the invention of some.
Figure 34 illustrates in greater detail and according to an embodiment of the invention be separated into some and include H bridge The framework of set of cells.
Figure 35 illustrates in greater detail and according to an embodiment of the invention be separated into some and include H bridge The variant framework of set of cells.
Figure 36 shows the groups of set of cells according to an embodiment of the invention that regrouped by multiple element cells.
Figure 37 shows for based on the relatively low Control of Voltage series connection obtained from battery and the solution of parallel transistor Scheme.
Figure 38 is shown suitable for according to the present invention that conveying has three independent voltages of possible sign inversion The set of cells of three row of individual embodiment.
Figure 39 is shown suitable for carrying the variant of the set of cells from Figure 38 of three-phase voltage.
Figure 40 illustrate in detail the framework of the set of cells of conveying three-phase voltage according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 41 shows the example of the operation of the set of cells from Figure 40 of conveying three-phase voltage.
Figure 42 diagrammatically illustrates the measurement of electrical impedance according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
According to the favourable aspect of the present invention, at least one switch be incorporated at some or all batteries of set of cells so that Obtaining and can use by means of this as required or not use some battery by control equipment of at least one switch, this controls equipment Including at least one part by least one battery power supplied locally of set of cells.This optimization making it possible to realize set of cells And its performance and the improvement of durability thereof.
In the following figure, in order to simplify description, in each embodiment of the invention, identical reference number is used for phase Same or similar element.
Fig. 4 diagrammatically illustrates embodiments of the invention, wherein, set of cells include as in the prior art by It is organized into a large amount of batteries 11 of multiple module 12.But, each battery 11 and the most special switch 13 phase being disposed in series Close, this allow to by open switch the remainder of battery with set of cells is disconnected: therefore, hereinafter claimed For " cell switch " 13.Additionally, each module 12 also includes the switch 14 in parallel with the battery 11 of module 12, therefore so that can So that whole module short circuit: therefore, hereinafter referred to as " module switch " 14.This type of set of cells is used to come the most electronic The load 15 of machine is powered allowing to save the buffer module used in the prior art, as in the diagram it can be seen that 's.This operation of explained later.
Fig. 5 illustrates in greater detail the module 12 of the set of cells of the present embodiment according to the present invention.It includes being connected to The lower terminal 17 of adjacent block in its lower section and for the upper terminal 18 being connected in series to adjacent block in the above.Root According to the present embodiment, this module includes six batteries 11 arranged in parallel.It can alternatively include other number any naturally Purpose battery.More properly, first module includes six parallel branches being disposed thereon between terminal 18 and its lower terminal 17, It is provided with battery 11 in the above and is suitable for from two terminals 17,18 one of battery being disconnected or not turning off connection Cell switch 13.It also includes the 7th branch road, be provided with in the above with cell parallel be suitable for shunt these batteries Module switch 14.In the example shown, the only third and fourth battery is using, because its respective cell switch 13 is closed Close, and other cell switch all are opened.Additionally, module switch 14 is opened module 12 is placed in storage or returns Its normal configuration of energy.
Fig. 6 show more exactly the circuit diagram of the layout explained for realization above with reference to Fig. 5.
In this Fig. 6, in order to simplify this figure, illustrate only two cell switch 13.Different switches 13,14 are by mean of merit Rate transistor 23,24, preferably nmos type transistor realize, its performance compared with the PMOS transistor that can alternatively use Conductivity for the increase under its conduction status.Alternatively, it is also possible to use other type of transistor, such as bipolar transistor Pipe, FET, JFET, IGBT etc..Can also place more preferably to ensure that electric current passes through by multiple coupled in parallel.There are certainly with Cell switch 13 as many battery transistor 23, and form a transistor 24 of module switch 14 module.All these Transistor 23,24 is associated with the diode 25,26 being connected in parallel, and these diodes are integrated in transistor (if it is If NMOS discrete power transistors) or independent diode, for representing the characteristic allowing reverse current flows.Finally, Generally referred to as the control circuit 27 of " driver " is by via connecting 28 power supplies so that it can compensate for corresponding essentially to the highest Charged battery voltage slightly deducts the voltage being arranged at the voltage drop (such as close to 0.6V) at the diode 40 connected on 28 Difference.The function of this control circuit is to generate for the control signal 41 activating different crystal pipe 23,24, therefore realizes opening Close and control function.With in order to make figure understand unshowned similar fashion, all electronic units of module can be according to identical solution Certainly scheme and be powered, such as estimating the computer of switch situation, communication system etc..
Next the operation of this equipment is explained.When using in the circuit similar with the circuit from Fig. 4, common behaviour In configuring, at least one in battery transistor 23 is closed, and block-transistor 24 is opened, and this makes and closes The battery 11 that battery transistor 23 is associated can power and transport through closed transistor and finally have to load 15 power supply The electric current contributed.Electric current flows to upper terminal 18 from lower terminal 17.On the other hand, if all battery transistors 23 are opened And block-transistor 24 is closed, then electric current is by being isolated by the battery of this block-transistor and module, to supply current It is produced without contribution.If all transistors 23,24 are opened, then the electric current that consumes, i.e. battery discharge current by with mould Voltage at the anti-paralleled diode 26 that block 24 is associated, and the terminal 17,18 of module is still equal to about-0.6V(upper terminal 18 Voltage about 0.6V below the voltage of lower terminal 17: this voltage drop be by inverse parallel two pole being associated with block-transistor 26 Pipe 26 causes).Finally, for security reasons, it is to avoid when block-transistor 24 is closed, battery transistor 23 is closed, In order to avoid making battery 11 short circuit.Correspondingly, it is closed towards wherein block-transistor 24 for the battery transistor 23 being closed Any change or reverse situation, there is preferably the middle spacer step that all transistor short time period are opened the most several nanoseconds Suddenly.
Additionally, equipment represented in this Fig. 6 is suitable under battery charging mode according to user operation, wherein, electric current is reversed And flow to lower terminal 17 from upper terminal 18.Under normal circumstances, battery transistor 23 is closed and block-transistor 24 is to open , this allows electric current to flow through battery transistor 23 to charge battery 11.On the other hand, if all battery transistors 23 are to beat Open and block-transistor 24 is closed, then electric current passes through this block-transistor, and whole module is isolated and will not be filled Electricity.If all transistors 23,24 are opened, then electric current is by the anti-paralleled diode 25 being associated with battery transistor 23 And the voltage at the terminal 17,18 of module is held equal to the voltage (such as 3.3V) of battery plus the electricity at the terminal of diode 25 Pressure (such as+0.6V).Finally, during the stage that recharges here, the most similarly avoid at block-transistor 24 quilt During Guan Bi, battery transistor 23 is closed, in order to avoid making battery 11 short circuit.
What is interesting is that to please note that the voltage of module is still low, even if when all transistors are all opened, this allows to Using tolerance relative low voltage and the transistor of relatively low cost, its resistance is low-down under conduction status, and this causes low Loss.If battery 11 has the voltage less than 40V, situation is especially true.
Fig. 7 shows the variant of the previous circuit diagram for differently realizing same principle, allow to especially from by The voltage of the battery storage of correlation module or even adjacent block obtains the local power supply of the electronic unit 140 of circuit.For The reason simplified, is not illustrated in detail in electronic unit, but it includes that at least one control circuit is with many as explained above Individual switch.In this variant, bipolar PNP transistor 141 is associated with each battery 11 of module.All these transistors 141 Controlled by the same electric current from the terminal 142 controlling device 145.This thus leads at the outfan 143 of each transistor Cause to depend on the electric current of the voltage of each battery 11, i.e. depend on charge condition and the health status of each battery 11.These electricity Stream is added so that electronic unit is powered by the electric current 144 obtained by result.Transistor 141 is reached with final supply current 144 Mode to desirable value controls.This solution allows to carry out the various batteries to module according to its situation, its voltage available Make requests on.
This solution moreover, avoid the use due to diode and the voltage available at module and electronic unit Between voltage that can be actually used, there is voltage drop, above with reference in the embodiment as described in Fig. 6.This voltage drop is wherein Battery be low tension battery, such as 1.5V battery embodiment in may the most individual problem.
Control device 145 include amplifier device, its include two amplifier stages 146 and 147 in the present embodiment so that Can control above-mentioned power-supply device in the case of need not high power, described high power of crossing will produce voltage at module Fall, this is avoided by the present embodiment.To this end, the module at the first transistor Tdiff obtains the first low-down electric current, and And then amplified to reach required control voltage at terminal 142 by amplifier cascade.Control electric current quilt at terminal 142 Current needs according to resistance component 140 automatically adjusts, and after this makes, an electric current is confined to strict required electric current, and is real Time, and therefore limit and this control related mean consumption of function.
Numerical tabular understands that the control electric current allowing to use 125nA is to realize the embodiment of the supply current of 40A.
According to the present embodiment of the present invention, each battery also includes at least of the characteristic parameter for measuring battery condition Individual sensor.This measures sensor can such as measure the voltage at associated batteries and/or electric current and/or temperature.Each measurement Sensor is connected to locally and/or remotely smart machine, such as microcontroller type computer by communication equipment in addition, and it receives survey Value also realizes the battery pack management method described in greater detail below, to determine the optimized operation pattern of set of cells, and will be real Existing measurement result is taken into account.This optimized operation pattern is in fact to determine the switch 13,14 needing to open or close. This configuration of the various switches of set of cells can be revised in real time.This solution is hence in so that can such as walk around defective Or cross thermal cell, guide each battery of the electric current in each module balancing battery group in real time.Note that and supplied by set of cells Peak point current required in the average current demand usually specific consumption spike of the load of electricity is much lower, and this makes the set of cells can In the case of relatively large amount battery is disconnected, i.e. in the case of association cell switch 13 is opened or even in module In the case of being disconnected, i.e. in the case of relating module switch 14 is closed (such as, if whole module is considered to have Defect or overheated if) run satisfactorily in the most of the time.
Fig. 8 to 10 shows the electricity added by the present invention in the framework of set of cells according to an embodiment of the invention The embodiment of the possible physics realization of function.
Fig. 8 and 9 is shown in which to the addition of the first of the electronic cards 20 including above-mentioned parts for each module of set of cells Embodiment.This electronic cards take to be positioned at the lower of each module or above on the form of printed circuit.Therefore, set of cells is each Electronic cards 20 is included between module.
Then, according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 and 9, each electronic cards is connected to central computer by communication bus 21 22, it receives the measurement result locally realized in the module of set of cells and realizes battery pack management method, and it wraps especially Include the transmission of the order of switch for opening and/or close set of cells.Transmit can compel via these data of communication bus 21 Make to need the multiplexing of data and digitized and electric isolution (by means of transformator or photo-coupler).Additionally, control circuit 27 quilt It is placed in each electronic cards and forms the intermediary element between computer 22 and switch, enabling realize being transferred into realization For performing the self adaptation of the voltage of the transistor 23,24 of the switching function of the order from computer.These control circuits 27 are furthermore possible to integrated security feature to prevent from being closed by module switch 14 when cell switch 13 is closed, such as short to prevent Road.
Fig. 9 show more exactly the parts being present in each electronic cards, and it includes for measuring temperature, voltage and electricity Stream measure sensor 29, for estimating one or more process circuit 30 of charge level of each battery, such as determine and be The appropriateness etc. of each battery of no use.Electronic cards 20 also includes making it possible to activate the various transistors forming switch 13,14 23, the control circuit 27 of 24.Finally, it includes being connected to communication equipment so that the communication communicated with central computer 22 connects Mouthful.Control unit 27 and process circuit 30 especially directly by least one battery of module via the distribution cloth in electronic cards 20 Put and power, as described in detail above.
Figure 10 a and 10b is shown in which that the electric function of each electronic cards of above-described embodiment is on Single Electron card 20 By the most in groups, on this Single Electron card 20, each battery is set such that its axle is perpendicular to the variant embodiments of electronic cards 20. Figure 10 a is top view so that it can be seen that the distribution of the module 12 on card 20, and Figure 10 b is the perspective view seen from behind so that Some electronic unit of transistor 23 in different batteries 11 and such as battery can be distinguished, with nonexcludability mode grass paint with The expression of facilitating electronic circuit card 20.But, the latter includes above-mentioned all parts.The total length of communication bus 21 Extender Card is to central authorities Computer 22, the free edge towards electronic cards 20 positions.This communication bus 21 can be exclusively used in communication bus by foundation The printed circuit ribbon separated with the electronic unit of disparate modules, the safety isolated between such as ground connection and/or two parts of holding Distance, and isolate with the electronic installation of module physically.Only communication component between the two part, such as transformator Or photo-coupler continues to enable to realize this communication while ensureing electric isolution across the two part.With each module 12 The various parts being associated locally are powered by the distribution from the power of at least one battery of set of cells.This power Distribution be preferably based upon at correlation module available, i.e. from module at least one battery voltage and be that each module carries Confession.
Figure 11 illustrates in greater detail the framework of the electronic cards 20 being associated with two modules 12, the most each mould Block includes seven batteries.For each battery, in series provide battery transistor 23 with battery, and carry for each module 12 Supply the block-transistor 24 of parallel connection, as mentioned above.Additionally, provide temperature sensor 33, voltage sensor for each battery 35 and current sensor 36.The measurement result realized by these three sensor 33,35,36 is separately by three communication channels 43,45,46 it is transferred into processing locality circuit 30 via multiplexer 32.Note that connection is the most for the sake of understanding And be simplified, but there are in fact to provide a branch of wire of each sensor and each voltage.Additionally, additionally advantageously survey Measure the voltage of module thus to derive the voltage existed at transistor.Process circuit 30 to receive at communication input 31 These data, it is achieved the analog digital conversion of " ADC input " type；Alternatively, these signals are by digitized, and this digitized is at multiplexer Realize at 32.According to a possible embodiment, process circuit 30 can be the input/outfan with enough numbers with The microcontroller of inquiry all the sensors.All transistors 23,24 are sent to control signal by the order that should process circuit 30 The power control circuit 27 of 41 controls.Finally, processing circuit 30 via communication bus 21 and provides the interface 37 of electric isolution to be connected Receive central computer 22.The all these parts being associated with single module 12 are all by least one in the battery of module Power voltage supply.As already described, each module 12 of set of cells has the intelligence of their own owing to it processes circuit 30, And therefore by cooperating with the central computer 22 controlling all modules, battery set management process is contributed.Later referring to Figure 24 is more fully described this central computer.
Additionally, all power components being associated with module are directly by the power voltage supply available at corresponding module.By mould This power supplied locally that at least one battery of block is carried out involves the need for all parts of power supply, as joined the most in an illustrative manner Examine described in Figure 11, the most such as transistor control circuit 27.This type of control circuit powered by its relating module then by with Other module and/or current potential electric isolution in module-external.This type of embodiment has the advantage that, i.e. eliminates and hangs by the difference of this grade Different current potential controls the risk of some transistor, and that may cause it to damage or make its short circuit.Additionally, this solution tool There is the attendant advantages allowing to reduce the connection between parts and the power supply of control circuit, because can be with sum each other It is grouped by short distance with voltage source again, especially by transistor is located as closely as possible electricity to be connected Pond.Finally, the use of the shortest connection also greatly reduces the risk of short circuit the most between two modules.
Similarly, by the communication equipment of this grade of power supply enable to can via the connection of high degree of isolation and other level and/ Or center system communication is to prevent electrical hazard (short circuit between at different levels, to be placed in the level with set of cells and differ greatly (the most several The deterioration of the center system of current potential kV), the electrical hazard to repairman).With will allow to via electric isolution control The pulse converter of power transistor is contrary, the use of the communication equipment of module for power supply allow to explain the signal received (address, the decoding of data), the signal that will launch of coding and shared communication line, and pulse converter only allows to use For the independent connection line of each transistor by power transistor " on " or " shutoff ".Communication equipment can e.g. exist I2C interface in many microcontrollers, it is via the shared communication bus electrically insulated during device is connected to every grade.Its also by At least one battery of set of cells is locally powered.
In the examples described above, by being arranged on the processing locality circuit 30 at each module and the cooperation of central computer 22 Realize battery pack management method.Therefore all battery set management functions can be realized by a combination thereof.It is therefore contemplated that it is each Kind of embodiment, some management function moves to central authorities' level or contrary from local level.
Figure 12 to 14 is shown in which only local, realizes set of cells at each module or even at each battery Second variant of management method.This has the advantage that, i.e. makes to be capable of the control of the more response of various switch, avoid carrying Electric isolution between power supply subcard 20 and central computer 22 and the complicated coding of information to be transmitted.Figure 12 shows that this type of becomes Body, wherein, each electronic cards 20 include for measure temperature, the measurement sensor 29 of voltage and current, for estimating each electricity One or more process circuit 30 of the charge level in pond, such as to determine whether to use the appropriateness etc. of each battery.Electronics Card also includes that it is by this for the control circuit 27 activating the various transistors 23,24 forming battery and module switch Ground, ground powers from least one battery of its module or adjacent block.
Figure 13 illustrates in greater detail the framework of the electronic cards being associated with module 12, includes six electricity in this example Pond.For each battery, it is provided that the battery transistor 23 being disposed in series with battery, as explained above.Additionally, also exist Temperature sensor 33, voltage sensor 35 and current sensor 36 is provided at each battery.By three sensors 33,35,36 The measurement result realized by separately by three communication channels 43,45,46 or the most single shared channel via multiplexing Device 32 is sent to process circuit 30.Process circuit 30 at communication input 31, therefore receive this data, it is achieved " ADC input " type Analog digital conversion.According to one may embodiment, process circuit 30 can be have enough numbers input/outfan so that The microcontroller of inquiry all the sensors.Note that to come with the multiple paralleling switches formed by transistor 34 in the present embodiment Replace individual module transistor 24: in this variant, parallel transistor 34 by with each cell parallel arrange so that these The length of power path when transistor 34 is activated minimizes.It is therefore evident that at all embodiments and variant thereof In, replacement module switch 14 can be carried out with the paralleling switch on each battery of module.All these transistor 23,24 is by controlling Circuit 27 should process the order of circuit 30 and control.
Figure 14 a and 14b shows the 3rd variant being similar to Figure 10 a and 10b, and wherein, electric function is at Single Electron card Again being grouped on 20, battery is set such that in electronic cards 20 its axle is perpendicular to electronic cards 20, at the most each module Processing locality, does not arrive the connection of central computer.Figure 14 a is top view, it is shown that the distribution of the module 12 on card 20, and Figure 14 b is the perspective view seen from behind, enabling distinguish different batteries 11, and some electricity of such as battery transistor 23 Subassembly, paints representing with facilitating electronic circuit card 20 with nonexcludability mode grass.But, card includes institute described in reference diagram 13 There are parts.
Note that in ultimate analysis, it is possible to achieve have the embodiment of different number of electronic cards 20, card can be for One, two or the electronic circuit of any number of module carrying present invention.It may, furthermore, provide other embodiments, wherein Only exist some previously described electronic unit, or do not exist in electronic cards, or some of which parts are at battery and/or mould It is shared between block.Such as, ON-OFF control circuit can be shared by multiple adjacent blocks, thus keeps acceptable voltage to supply Should.
In all cases, electronic cards 20 is advantageously arranged to thus is arranged to by its terminal being connected to battery 11 Closest to the terminal of battery, so that the length connected and the loss of association therefore minimize.Similarly, in the print of electronic cards On brush circuit, power path is the shortest, has the conductor segment of maximum possible.
In order to increase conductor segment, the track of printed circuit can be strengthened by welding lead in the above or striped.Figure 15 show this type of solution, and wherein, the electronic cards 20 of printed circuit type is superimposed in the module including multiple battery 11. In this figure, illustrate only two modules of two batteries, so that scheming clear, but set of cells includes many more than two module, often Individual have many more than two battery.Note that this type of strengthens the miscellaneous function being capable of producing the dissipation of heat, especially by merit Rate transistor dissipates；To this end, its shape can promote the surface of this function in the way of having with convection current or radiant body.Block at this On be provided with adapter 16 so that the electronic installation being electrically connected on card by battery (such as has by card and via being tightened to electricity Nut on the terminal of pond and the battery of the positive and negative terminal of retaining wedge and reinforcement power path).Can add between card and nut Add the packing ring of relative resilient to compensate thermal expansion effects and to guarantee long-term excellent electric contact.Alternatively, simple welding energy Enough realize the electrical contact between the terminal of battery and the power path of PCB card.As in the drawings it can be seen that, conduct electricity reinforcement 19 It is added to the track of printed circuit.These reinforcements being soldered and/or pasting track are also represented by potential heat radiator Function.It addition, unshowned hole can manufacture to promote the circulation of air and battery 11 and electronic unit by electronic cards 20 Cooling.
Figure 16 shows the internal structure of the lithium-ion type battery used the most in the prior art.This type of battery has There is drum, as it has been described above, and include substantial amounts of anelectrode 51 and negative electrode 52, it is taked has same axle, is electrolysed The form of the Stagger-wrap layer that liquid layer 53 separates.Outside first plus end 54 forming set of cells or the first bus-bar and second Outside forms negative terminal 55 or the second bus-bar.
Figure 17 shows lithium-ion type battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, additional function is also integrated In the structure of battery.Correspondingly, the energy-storage battery 50 of the present invention includes the prior art set of cells represented with Figure 16 Identical parts.Integrated in order in promoting member to set of cells 50, adds internal plus end 54', and it is directly connected to The active energy storage section of cell group.Therefore set of cells includes that the crystal that the active part with set of cells is disposed in series is tubular The cell switch 63 of formula and arrange in parallel with set of cells, the active part i.e. connected with battery transistor 63 is in parallel the Two-transistor 64.It also includes the device for controlling these switches, has the microcontroller 60 of input interface 61 and from micro-control Device processed receives instruction and opens and/or the control circuit 67 of close commands to switch transmitting.Finally, set of cells combines temperature biography Sensor 62, one or more voltage sensor 65 and current sensor 66.Therefore all these parts are installed in the upper of battery In portion, between above-mentioned internal plus end 54' and external positive terminal 54.These parts are it is of course possible to alternatively by differently cloth Putting, in the inside of the external shell 68 of battery 50, or battery can the parts of these parts the most integrated.Such as, battery can To be rectangle, it is similar to the flat cell for mobile phone.Furthermore, it is possible to together with the terminal (series crystal of battery Pipe will be placed on-terminal rather than+terminal side) make the polarity inversion of the terminal of active part.On the other hand, by battery These parts are directly powered by active part.
Figure 18 to 20 shows the variant of previous embodiment, and wherein, the various parts in battery 50 are located in printing electricity In the electronic cards 70 of road type, in order to reduce the number of required wire and promote the batch production of this type of battery.Figure 18 shows one This type of embodiment individual, wherein electronic cards 70 is at two plus end 54' of battery, between 54 and be directly connected to those two ends Son.The lateral part of electronic cards is covered by sealant 71, and this sealant 71 such as includes binding agent, and this allows to to seal The two of battery terminals 54,55 are separated while protecting and fixing electronic cards by mode.Additionally, the portion being positioned in electronic cards 70 Part is directly powered by the active part of battery and is protected by varnish type insulating protective layer.
Figure 19 and 20 illustrate in detail an embodiment of electronic cards 70.It includes the inside plus end 54' with battery Lower connection.Card is integrated with on the lower surface thereof with lower component: control circuit 67, and it uses from microcontroller 60 or logic electricity Low-power or the low-voltage signal on road drives (control) power transistor.In the present embodiment, microcontroller 60 turns via modulus Parallel operation (ADC) and input interface 61 are connected to various sensor, i.e. temperature sensor 62, be used for measuring internal plus end 54' Two voltage sensors 65 and current sensor 66 with each voltage at external positive terminal 54.Electronic cards 70 be also integrated with by The battery transistor 63 being connected in series and the transistor seconds 64 being connected in parallel.Additionally, in this variant, microcontroller 60 carries It is provided with the communication interface being connected to the communication terminal 72 that can reach outside battery by the passage of the external shell 68 of battery 69.This communication terminal 72 make it possible to realize the battery in parallel with same module or with the leading to of the battery of external control system Letter.In such a case, it is possible to provide the electric isolution of communications facility.
Under all situations using the electronic cards being integrated in battery, it is possible to use multiple transistors in parallel come real Existing switching function, in order to the all-in resistance under the closed condition that reduction obtains with single transistor, to promote higher current cycle Or the multiple points making heat effect be distributed in electronic cards 70 sentence promote heat dissipation.
Correspondingly, under the background of the second embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to use directly combine in its enclosure interior State the battery of function to revise the first embodiment of the present invention and variant thereof, this first enforcement avoiding having to combine the present invention Independent electrical subcard 20 described in example.In a second embodiment, block and be suitable for battery, but the group of the battery being not suitable in set of cells Knit, contrary with the first embodiment wherein blocking 20 physical organizations that must adapted to battery in set of cells, described physical organization Can be different for different application.
The battery pack structure so described is modular type, and makes it possible to realize different independence and may move The physical embodiments of housing form, it can be interconnected with communication bus mutually via the electrical bus in suitable frame or framework Connect.Each housing can include any subdivision of set of cells from a module to multiple modules.
Figure 21 is shown in which this method that various housing 150 is arranged in rack type version modularity framework.Each shell Body is fixed with the form of independent drawers formula parts, and is locked/unlocking feature holding.On its fixed position, housing via The adapter 153 with high electric isolution is connected to communication bus 152 and is enabled to realize the series connection of adjacent housings even The electric connector 154 connect is connected to electrical bus 151.Locking/unlocking feature 158 is associated so that at its quilt with switching system The connection of communication bus and electrical bus is automatically shut off when activating to remove (ritirer) housing 150.When housing is removed Time, connect and be shorted replacement, such as via mechanically or electrically switching 155, thus interrupt the connection between remaining housing.To this end, inspection Survey the lever by locking/unlocking feature or the locking activating realization of handle or the beginning unlocked and to whole battery set management System, such as information launched by central computer.In the case of being unlocked by housing, computer is immediately by itself and the entirety of set of cells Operation isolation also applies no-voltage at its terminal, and this guarantees safe manipulation and enables safe storage.To electric power with communicate total The connection of line is the most automatically switched on and off mechanically or cuts off with electrical way.Previous operation is in inserting the housing into frame In the case of perform in a reverse order.
Correspondingly, set of cells include the multiple housings being disposed in series and have in removable mode to accommodate housing The frame of position, this position includes for housing via the electric contact of electrical bus Yu the electrical connection of battery terminal, described Position is associated with frame switch such that it is able to exist via other housing of at least one being arranged in the another location in frame Electricity is kept to recover in the case of certain housing in certain position is non-existent.
This constructs the advantage with the physical management simplifying set of cells.Each sub-component in each housing is due to above-mentioned reality Execute the framework of example and managed independently or semi-independently.Therefore the charge condition of each housing, health can be accurately known that With aging performance, deterioration, electric current and voltage capacity, and can in the case of a fault to fixed shell intervene with change Module or even battery or can the most integrally infringement set of cells in the case of when necessary it is changed.
Therefore, it is possible to this physical set component is integrated in motor vehicles, as shown in Figure 22, wherein, the most various housings It is distributed in the bottom of motor vehicles, in its length all, and is included electrical bus 151 and the company of communication bus 152 Connecing 156 to be connected with each other, this molectron is connected to central computer 157.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method managing set of cells as above.This method includes from set of cells at least The step that the control circuit of cell switch is powered by one battery.
This battery pack management method can also include set of cells needs at least one battery from set of cells power The step powered of other internal parts all.
This battery pack management method can include following additional step:
At least one parameter representing battery condition is measured at the battery of set of cells；
Determine opening or make position of cell switch and/or module switch and/or paralleling switch, measurement parameter is examined Including Lving；
According to above-mentioned determine opening or closing of order cell switch and/or module switch and/or paralleling switch.
This battery pack management method is hence in so that opening of multiple battery and/or module switch can be determined at any time Or make position thus each module of balancing battery group guide the electric current in each module with each battery of balance module. The method can include intermediate steps especially, and it is that the parameter based on measuring at battery identifies defective battery, mistake Thermal cells etc. diagnose fault and/or the risk status of battery, in order to associated batteries disconnected with by itself and set of cells Overall operation is isolated, such as by opening its cell switch and/or closing relevant module switch.
Correspondingly, the example shown in Fig. 5 it is back to, it is apparent that battery 1,2,5 and 6 is isolated.Including In the set of cells of a large amount of batteries and module, it is easy to a lot of batteries therein are isolated, such as the 10% of battery sum, and do not damage The use of evil set of cells, because the most maximum available current of current needs, it only uses in the case of consumption peaks.This Outward, in the case of consuming spike, the demand being isolated battery with satisfied increase will can be called all the time provisionally.Due to these Battery will keep not using in the most of the time, so it will not jeopardize the general health of set of cells.
Therefore this battery pack management method includes the step diagnosing battery, including the step of the situation estimating battery, battery Situation can be included in the electricity at least one battery of set of cells, all or some battery in the way of non-limiting example One or more measurement results of stream, voltage, temperature, impedance spectral measurement etc..To this end, can be by the parameter of measurement with predefined Threshold value compares.The control of each battery transistor is then depending on this estimation situation of battery, and such as allows to In the case of other battery supplied reverse current, battery is broken in the case of its show abnormality electric current or temperature or at it Open connection, as in the case of by the contiguous cells of faulty battery discharge.
The step of diagnosis battery includes memory state and the step of health status estimating battery especially.Similarly, often The control of individual battery transistor depends on that these are estimated.Estimation charge condition and the discharge threshold of battery can be set up especially And/or the comparison of charge threshold.
The step of diagnosis battery includes the measurement of such as battery complex impedance.To this end, when electric current flows in the battery, example As, when to the particular command of the tandem tap being associated with battery, such as opened it or close, at battery, measure electric current And voltage.Response to white noise, Spline smoothing or pulse makes it possible to realize in a known way complex impedance measurement, thus may be used To derive the charge condition about battery or the information of health status.
The step diagnosing battery according to one embodiment of present invention also includes by means of power pack to measure electricity Electric current in pond.Thought is to increase the frequency of electric current to promote to measure, and particularly in the case of direct current, does not use direct current to sense Device.In order to increase this frequency, the first solution is make the battery used at module alternately (alterner) and use Generate the module of output voltage of set of cells alternately.Second solution is that the moment the electric current of battery is measured is quick Battery is connected and disconnected from connecting by ground.These solutions finally use the copped wave of the electric current at battery, and this allows to useful In the measurement to this electric current.Then using simple power pack to be sufficient to as current sensor, it may be located at and holds It is loaded with in the electronic cards of the various electronic units mentioned in the illustrated embodiment described.
The step of diagnosis battery also includes the charge condition estimating battery.To this end, the first solution depends on measurement electricity The output voltage in pond.Another solution is to control oneself in the future the current integration of discharged condition to determine accumulated ampere-hour Number and then determine charge condition with its ratio with battery capacitor.This latter solution forces needs by filling completely The periodic calibration that electricity and discharge operation realize is with compensation and the related drift of current integration and updates electricity along with cell degradation The capacity in pond.Can perform this calibration while other battery normally operates on one or more batteries, this has also Do not force the advantage needing to complete switch off set of cells.In order to keep the balance of set of cells, all batteries are made all to stand substantially phase Calibration with number.
Additionally, battery pack management method can use the varying cyclically that battery uses so that all or part of set of cells Battery according to can fix or variable determination recycle ratio and forward disconnect situation to from normal operation conditions and vice versa. This recycle ratio allows to the ratio using the time of each battery of self-contained battery group, the most faulty or cross the making of thermal cell By the ratio of time less than the most overheated battery.According to total current and voltage requirements, this type of circulation can be used part or institute There is battery, even for healthy battery.
The operation circulation of various batteries can offset to obtain at any time the work of substantially equivalent number in time The battery of property, ensures that the active cell of enough numbers is to meet current needs the most at any time.
Correspondingly, battery pack management method employing following steps:
By to using the module with the highest electric charge and/or battery when set of cells is connected to load and at battery Use during charging and there is the module of minimum electric charge and/or priority given by battery, make module and/or battery mutually balance；
Identical module and/or battery by modified module and/or the average service rate of battery but is used the most all the time Balance module and/or battery so that the charging of module and/or battery is balanced；If it practice, such as one module and other Module is compared and is the most highly charged, and is used all the time so that its charging reaches the charging of other module as soon as possible, then There is its overheated risk.Preferably perform balance in the charging of set of cells or during using always, and the most not Need to charge a module to rapidly reach balance.By simply by the average service rate of this module and other module phase Than changing several percentage ratios, it is possible in terms of there is no the overheated and stress of module of battery pack excessive unbalanced in the case of Realize the charging balance of module.This balance is applicable to the same or battery of disparate modules in an identical manner；
The electric current being capable of supply that according to module selects module and is capable of supply that more than or equal to current needs at it Them are called during electric current；Use during the stage that current needs is relatively low wherein and there is relatively low capacity in order to supply reduced-current Module；
If current needs is relatively low, then limits and there is the module of maximum temperature and/or the use of battery or to realize it excellent First use；The temperature usually avoiding module and/or battery exceedes threshold value；It is anticipated that exceed this risk of threshold value.It is still further preferred that Temperature in set of cells be held relatively uniform so that battery aging uniformly and strengthen its durability.
Alternatively, it is possible to imagine that other is tactful, and this battery pack management method may comprise steps of, such as:
The preferential use of a part for set of cells, thus this portion of set of cells must be only changed when needing the first change Point；It is envisaged that a part for set of cells can be the most interchangeable；
It is optimised more uses of battery to resist the limited loading of the remainder of intensive use and set of cells, its Can be optimised to provide energy capacity.More generally, in the case of the set of cells using isomery battery technology, will not Congener set of cells and, isomery use may be of value to by consider each battery advantage makes overall performance optimization.
Note that battery pack management method use in order to slow down it aging and to the charging of one or more batteries and/or Discharge current carries out the step of copped wave.This copped wave can easily by being connected and disconnected from battery connecting according to certain recycle ratio or By making activating of module replace, ensureing that the correct voltage levvl of set of cells output realizes simultaneously.Electric current is cut Ripple makes it possible to achieve higher " peak value " electric current, and this is reflected by the maximum voltage higher than normal voltage in the battery, its Promote the ion migration in battery and reduce the loss of its memory capacity.
Furthermore, it is possible to make battery pack management method perform the steps of
In module voltage, through high threshold, (this threshold value corresponds to can be real at module when with the battery charging connected Existing maximum voltage adds margin of safety: these detection all batteries while charging current is by set of cells are disconnected Mode) after short time delay after block-transistor is closed, the feelings by the discharge current of block-transistor are occurring Block-transistor is reopened under condition；This electric current is also detected that: correspondingly in other battery of module, can be by current sense In the electrical path that device is placed on battery and transistor modular is shared；If battery is not faulty or undercharge, then Battery transistor is closed；
In module voltage, through Low threshold, (this threshold value corresponds to can be real at module when with the battery discharge connected Existing minimum voltage deducts margin of safety) after short time delay after by block-transistor close, with detection electric discharge electricity Stream while flowing through set of cells all batteries be disconnected, if occurring same examining at modular battery at block-transistor The charging current surveyed, then reopen block-transistor, will use when the voltage of module trends towards and rising towards the voltage of battery Battery transistor Guan Bi in the battery of the most faulty or overcharge；Guarantee that the voltage of module rises, it is ensured that at module Block-transistor is not had still to be closed；
After the voltage of module passes the short time delay after Low threshold, block-transistor is closed, if there is Discharge current below threshold value, then reopen block-transistor after short time delay, and if just by mould Before block transistor Guan Bi, block-transistor is opened due to too high discharge current, then being closed by block-transistor (will Battery transistor Guan Bi must produce the minimizing of the electric current in the block-transistor being kept Guan Bi in battery in parallel or Person's even electric current reverse, this should accelerate it and open)；If block-transistor keeps being closed, then this will be at block-transistor Middle generation overcurrent, it will cause them to reopen；
If battery trends towards by overcharge, such as with the voltage more than certain threshold value or to exceed certain threshold The maximum ampere-hour number of the storage of value, then open battery transistor, in this case, if there is discharge current and phase The block-transistor answered is opened, then block-transistor is closed again；If previous transistor is closed, then apply above-mentioned Operation；
If battery trends towards undercharge, such as with the voltage less than certain threshold value or with below certain threshold value Ampere-hour number, then open battery transistor；Open if there is charging current and corresponding block-transistor, then electricity Pond transistor is closed again；If previous transistor is closed, then apply aforesaid operations；
If battery overheats, then open battery transistor, as long as being followed by corresponding block-transistor is to open , the circulation of the operation just battery transistor opened and closed repeats, so that the temperature restriction of battery is in acceptable level；As Really the temperature of battery reaches too high value, then battery transistor stays open；When temperature has fallen to predefined acceptable threshold When value is following, if corresponding block-transistor stays open, then transistor is closed again；If temperature is then with excessively And the mode of exception quickly rises, then battery is considered faulty, and then its battery transistor stays open；
If the electric current in battery exceedes max-thresholds, then open battery transistor, this threshold value for battery charging and Can be different for operation in discharge regime, if being followed by the voltage of this grade close to the voltage of battery and the most such as Really block-transistor stays open, then re-close battery transistor, it means that close this transistor will not produce by Force and need it to understand the overcurrent reopened；
If battery is diagnosed as faulty, then its association battery transistor will stay open until battery quilt naturally Replace.
Finally, set of cells diagnostic method more generally includes the step measuring at least one characteristic parameter of battery condition, Such as voltage, electric current, temperature, per hour amperage or other meaningful parameter the most any, be followed by measuring this considering Step in the situation that interior judgement cell switch and/or relating module switch.As explained above, this judgement can cause The Guan Bi switched in the fully open of the cell switch in the case of battery is out of order or relating module with by it from set of cells The action that disconnects of remainder, or make to open and/or close alternately to be maintained at by battery according to optimum cycle ratio The mid way of acceptable situation.In one embodiment, therefore, it is possible to measure parameter for certain to predefine multiple threshold value, To determine different actions according to the threshold value reached.That is taked after measurement with the related parameter of given battery is dynamic Making to be confirmed as so that switching the operation opened and close and minimizing, to avoid the switching of too frequent, that is that power consumption is big, To avoid switching not in time, and the switching controlling the switching between the various batteries of set of cells synchronizes.
Above-mentioned battery pack management method can be realized by locally and/or remotely computer, as explained above.This meter Calculation machine can include one or more microprocessor.
Note that the local embodiment of the method has the advantage that in the case of not against central computer
Owing to measuring and analyzing and can locally and perform independent of other module, so reaction can be very Quickly；Its in the present embodiment ratio with central computer faster, central computer will force need via with electric isolution company Tap into capable communication, first with the serial code that the very first time will be caused to postpone, be followed by bus and come with low bit rate Transmission, this is involved in the second time delay；
If module includes the computer of their own, then it is able to carry out the dense process of measurement result, thus realizes every Individual battery, its health status and the Accurate Diagnosis of charge condition thereof.
If the management of battery is entirely this locality, this battery pack management method can include following particular step:
Once reach threshold value with the fault rate of the battery in one-level, just order opening and placing potentially of all batteries The activation of bypass in each cell during, so that this level does not works；
If battery is faulty, such as if there is the leakage of current or overheated, then it is discharged excessively (such as, when it This is dropped to below voltage threshold by voltage and detects) or (such as, this is to be exceeded voltage threshold by voltage during overcharge Or can accept amp hr number and detect), it is disconnected by being opened by its serial transistor；
If battery is heated, then it can be connected/disconnect according to recycle ratio, thus limits in its temperature Rise；This purpose can realize by controlling recycle ratio according to the temperature measured at battery；
Experience the voltage of this grade if off the battery connected and drop to below 0V (such as several with-100mV fully Times), then its its parallel transistor is closed (there is not the risk of battery short circuit making parallel connection, because voltage is actively by zero: It is typically when all batteries of same one-level are disconnected and electric current is consumed in set of cells)；Threshold can be down under voltage Offer short time delay is provided between following detection and order parallel transistor so that adjacent cell also have to detect through The time of threshold value；
During applying charging current to battery pack, rise to electricity if off the battery experience external voltage connected More than the maximum voltage that pond can reach during charging, then its parallel transistor is closed and (there is not the battery making parallel connection by it The risk of short circuit, because in order to enable voltage to exceed this threshold value, all batteries of this grade must be opened)；
If the electric current that battery experience is too high, there is not enough batteries in parallel to meet electric current need in this especially In the case of asking or accepting input current it may happen that, then the serial transistor of battery is opened, and this eliminates deterioration of battery Risk；If after this type of disconnects, keep the electric current that movable battery experience in parallel is too high, then it also will break on one's own initiative Open connection；
When all batteries of a level are all disconnected and obtain charging current from set of cells, then this level The voltage at place will decline and trends towards becoming negative；At this moment, each battery will activate its parallel transistor, and it will be for set of cells In the purpose of current cycle and take over；
When all batteries in a level are disconnected and charging current is applied in set of cells, then this grade Voltage will rise and exceed the maximum charging voltage of battery；In this case, battery will trigger the Guan Bi of its parallel transistor；
In order to determine that all batteries have been detected by having been over voltage threshold, can apply the short time wittingly prolongs Late to order the paralleling switch at each battery to allow voltage to advance before voltage being decreased to zero by this Guan Bi；
If battery is disconnected after over-discharge (voltage drops to below voltage threshold), then it is permissible Judge to rise on the voltage of battery (in the case of paralleling switch is not activated wherein) just by it once the voltage of this grade Itself reactivates；If paralleling switch is activated, then the judgement in order to deexcitation can be based on charging current direction Bypass in current detecting；Paralleling switch is opened and then must be allowed for voltage rising, unless the battery of parallel connection is due to certain Other reason and keep its paralleling switch to close；If voltage failed to rise at the end of certain time, then paralleling switch is weighed The paralleling switch long time of the new battery activated to prevent parallel connection obtains whole electric current；If on the other hand, voltage rises to The voltage of battery or exceed, then series-connected cell switch is activated and battery is electrically charged；
If battery (passing through of the voltage more than voltage threshold) after overcharge is disconnected, it is permissible Judge to drop to below the voltage of battery (in the case of paralleling switch is not activated wherein) just by it once the voltage of this grade Itself reactivates；If paralleling switch is activated, then the judgement carrying out deexcitation can be based on discharge current direction Bypass in parallel in the sense of current；Open paralleling switch to be then followed by closing cell switch, and can provide and open Short time delay between paralleling switch and activation series-connected cell switch is to allow all batteries to have time detecting discharge current；
If battery has been disconnected after excessive current and paralleling switch is not activated, then this means parallel connection Battery is resistant to electric current and keeps voltage, and battery can then attempt to the voltage of once this grade and is sufficiently close to battery electricity Pressure, just reconnect；
If battery has been disconnected after too high electric current and paralleling switch is activated, then possible adjacent electricity Pond is by overcharge or over-discharge, and has no longer contributed electric current storage；In this case, once open in parallel connection The electric current of Central Shanxi Plain flowing becomes contrary with the current symbol of the deexcitation causing battery (supposedly and adjacent cell), then its It is opened；If charging current exists, the most once voltage is just activated close to the voltage of battery, cell switch, and if electricity Pressure fails to rise at the end of certain time, then paralleling switch is reactivated and (assumes that the battery of parallel connection is not yet by paralleling switch Reopen and the too high electric current long time can not be allowed wherein)；If discharge current exists and the voltage of this grade starts Decline (i.e. once it is determined that the paralleling switch of all batteries in parallel connection is opened, then voltage can not decline), then tandem tap quilt Guan Bi, it is provided that open the short time delay between paralleling switch (being followed by the detection of voltage drop) and activated batteries switch, To stay for all battery detecting discharge currents and the time of voltage drop then；
If battery is disconnected after the fault that can not remedy, then cell switch will not be reactivated； On the other hand, the paralleling switch that must close in some cases also allows for opening；If paralleling switch is at the electricity of this grade Pressure is activated after the detection of the value less than threshold value (several times of-100mV), then a rear switch can be switched on again, If the electric current passed through from which is charging current；If it is passed through threshold value at the voltage of this grade, (battery is in the charging phase Between the maximum voltage that can reach) more than value after be activated, then it can reopen, if the electric current passed through from which If being discharge current；Actually assuming either by what to be caused, the general Guan Bi of paralleling switch is by battery in parallel If reached fully charged or electric discharge or super-high-current and will appear from set of cells inverse current, battery in parallel will be by The fact that reactivate cause；If the adjacent cell of parallel connection will not be automatically reconnected, then will re-establish this grade Voltage, more than normal maximum voltage or below normal minimum voltage, and triggers the paralleling switch of the battery of this grade again；
If battery is disconnected after the fault that can not remedy, then when fault is eliminated (such as when When temperature declines the most fully or battery is replaced) battery can be automatically reconnected；If paralleling switch is activated, then abide by Follow the process identical with paragraph.
In a similar fashion above-mentioned principle can be applied to centralized management.
All these operations of method of management set of cells are all based on the analysis by one or more microcontrollers and reality Existing.Alternatively, owing to action to be realized is simple, so in order to limit this solution energy expenditure, it is possible to use All or part of of asynchronous electronic circuit, without altofrequency clock.In this type of variant, root will be performed via comparator Realize the detection of threshold value according to analogue measurement result, and such as division can be used crossing the action caused after threshold value Device, depositor perform asynchronously via logic circuit.
Figure 23 shows that according to this type of method of the control enabling parallel transistor 34 may embodiment.In this reality Execute in example, use unshowned sensor carry out the voltage Vcel at the terminal of the voltage Vmod of measurement module, battery and flow through electricity The electric current I in pond.These measured values by with three threshold value, for height and Low threshold value Vs1 and the Vs2 of voltage of module and be used for Threshold value Is1 of electric current compares.Use four operational amplifiers (or comparator) 90 by these measured values and these threshold values Compare, in order to by means of multiple logical operators 91 and delay battery 92, draw and whether open finally sentencing of block-transistor 34 Fixed." delay " battery 92 of this circuit in addition to it postpones the function of the reaction of given event it may also be ensured that result of the comparison It is stable within certain time period, and the only ability when the stability of comparative result is repeated in time predefined section Consider transition, in order to eliminate the noise that such as causes due to the switch of adjacent cell or module and the chaotic measurement knot that causes Really.
One advantage of this mode of control module transistor is to need not to make measurement signal digitized and the reaction can Very quickly true result, and this does not force the very high frequency(VHF) needing signal to be sampled.Furthermore, it is possible to be performed in parallel owning Operation, if all batteries are required this grade that all batteries that can synchronously carry out reacting, be based upon this grade are shared Voltage rather than will not be for this level owing to same clock can not be shared in the case of the additional output not arriving battery The clock leading edge that shared of each battery open or closed transistor, this is highly profitable.This homochronousness therefore, it is possible to Allow to the overlapping risk reducing or even eliminating between battery transistor 23 and the Guan Bi of parallel transistor 34.
If additionally, set of cells will not be used for a long time, then battery pack management method also use by likely electricity The additional step that pond disconnects.This step gives appreciable safety, particularly after such as accident or fire Under particular case.If many batteries and the most all batteries are disconnected, then the risk of the main short circuit between battery is protected Hold the lowest, even if in the situation of major accident.Additionally, prevent battery via having the highest electric leakage battery isolation when stopping Stream or some battery out of order and discharge.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the control method of the present invention includes that order battery and/or module switch are pre-to obtain The output voltage of definition value and/or the alternation output voltage according to predefined setting value.In a similar manner, the controlling party of the present invention Method controls battery and/or module switch during being included in the charging stage, thus obtains predefining in each battery to be charged Charging voltage and/or electric current.
Correspondingly, battery pack management method also allow for use as requested, the requirement of such as electric loading and realize The self adaptation of output voltage.This self adaptation includes such as by by the limited selection of the module of some used in series, when During the maximum voltage that required total voltage can carry less than set of cells, other module keeps not using.When carrying out this and selecting, Most discharge module can be ignored and support most charging module and/or stay faulty module not use, as explained above 's.It addition, the method can also battery itself level operate, and by selected by some module some selected by battery Disconnecting and produce required voltage, such as prioritizing selection uses high charge battery.
The self adaptation of the output voltage of the set of cells of the present invention even can be to take the form of complexity.It is true that the present invention It can be the either synchronously or asynchronously motor supply sine output voltage of automobile.Figure 24 shows to obtain and such as implements at Figure 11 One example of the set of cells regulation of this type of output voltage used in the central computer 22 of example.This regulation be based on by based on Calculate the unit 80 of the setting value of electric parameter needed for set of cells output, described electric parameter include setting voltage Vcons and Setting electric current Icons, it is relevant with any demand considering driver in unit 81, particularly passes via accelerator pedal Send, and relevant with the operating value of the vehicle electric motor transmitted by unit 82, such as speed (Vit) and torque (Cou).
Note that this setting value can be the combination of these values of electric current and voltage, such as its product Icons, Vcons.For determining that the unit 80 of at least one setting value may rely on vector controlled, according to the class of motor to be powered Type and the adjustment of the amplitude of current/voltage parameter, frequency and (under applicable circumstances) phase place is taken into account.This principle is certain The most also it is operable to, such as the requirement to D/C voltage.Regulation unit then includes correcting unit 83, and it makes By the difference between setting value Icons, Vcons and respective actual value Ir é el, Vr é el, it would be required to be sent to unit 84, and this is single Unit 84 determines the particular battery in those modules that in set of cells, the number of required module is to be used with (in appropriate circumstances). According to preferred embodiment, perform the selection of the battery used in the module at module based on the parameter locally measured.For This, this element 84 is gone back acceptance division and is in the parameter at the battery of module and set of cells by measurement and the information that produces, and special It not charge condition SoC and health status SOH of the battery of module.Finally, final unit 85 achieves and is determined by unit 84 Select, and send required order to the various switches of set of cells especially.This causes the electricity received by the motor of automobile Stream Irbe1 and the real output value of voltage Vreel, it makes it possible to achieve the operating value transmitted by unit 82, such as speed And torque (Cou) (Vit).Finally, change frequency limiter and/or low pass can be applied in correction unit 83 or return loop Wave filter, to obtain suitable meansigma methods, limits cell switch frequency, such as according to the output voltage for frequency 500Hz The frequency of 200kHz.
This function of the output voltage of regulating cell group so that it can play the effect of switching battery group type transformational structure, Which obviating the output in battery pack uses DC/DC transducer with the requirement about application to adjust voltage, and makes The use of the set of cells of the reduction procedure according to Fig. 4 must be capable of rather than as the prior art of Fig. 3.
Figure 25 shows the example of the voltage wave can supplied when controlled by set of cells, as explained above, uses In the 100Hz of peak amplitude 40V and the sinusoidal pattern voltage setting value centered by 40V, and for being made up of 20 modules Set of cells, each module produces 4V, and its switching frequency is confined to 10kHz(i.e. 100 handover operations of each cycle).
In order to generate the single-phase voltage centered by 0V, it is necessary to two row or differential voltage can be used or add H bridge, As shown in Figure 26, this allow to by means of four switches 86,87,88,89, two switch 86,87 and at the first terminal Two switches 88,89 at second terminal make the voltage inversion at battery terminal.If two switch 86,88 be closed and Other two switches are opened, then output voltage Vout is positive.On the contrary, if two switches 87,89 are closed and other two Switch is opened, then output voltage Vout is negative.
Figure 27 illustrates in greater detail principle described in reference diagram 26 based on battery pack structure as shown in Figure 11 Embodiment, including the most each five modules including two batteries.For each battery 11, it is provided that connect with battery Battery transistor 23, and provide the block-transistor 24 of parallel connection for each module, as explained above.Additionally, at mould At least one sensor being used for measuring the characteristic parameter of battery is there is at block, not shown due to simplification reason.In module 12 The local control circuit 27 at place is borrowed via providing the order according to central computer 22 of the communication bus 21 electrically insulated and interface 37 Transistor 23,24 is driven, as explained above by means of control signal 41.Set of cells also includes that four as above are opened Closing 86,87,88,89, it is that the top of set of cells and each control circuit 27 of low side module are via controlling even in the present embodiment The transistor connecing 90 and drive.
Note that the method for management set of cells uses the optimal of switch 86,87,88,89 to switch.Such as, if output is electric Pressure must be sinusoidal voltage, so performing the switching of transistor when voltage is through 0V, to limit handoff loss.If at battery The output of group requires the frequency of 50Hz, then must be by 50 times per second for the transistor opened/closed of H bridge 50.
Additionally, the method for management set of cells is the most also with the step with the management imagination for serial transistor or module Similar mode uses the intelligent management of the transistor of H bridge.For example, it is also possible to make temperature or current measurement result associated with it And if judging that measuring parameter exceedes certain threshold value, opens transistor, such as in the case of excessive temperature.This measures parameter Circuit is locally and/or remotely processed to realize intelligent management by this way it is of course possible to be transferred into.
The top of set of cells and low side module are integrated with electronic unit more more than other module.All these parts are favourable Be supplied at module available voltage.In this case, terminus module being loaded more than other.In response to more Big demand, can have a solution below:
The battery of terminus module is loaded less so that it can keep using by the management of the set of cells under discharge mode In enough electric charges that the switch of H bridge is switched over until set of cells is completely discharged；And/or
Terminus module includes the more battery than other and/or the battery of more high storage capacity；And/or
The parts of terminus module also by from other adjacent module for power supply, this be it is contemplated that, because its current potential is still It is closely.
Additionally, above operating principle is the most in a similar manner be applicable to the stage charging set of cells, it makes set of cells Directly can charge to the connection of standard electrical network via it.More precisely, during charging, set of cells is connected to electricity Potential source, and owing to battery and transistor have internal resistance, so the circulation of the electric current in set of cells produces ohmic drop, its Corresponding to the difference between the voltage applied by source and the floating voltage produced by the various modules of the series connection of set of cells.Can regulate This difference allows to manage set of cells charging current.Correspondingly, set of cells also uses and includes opening and/or close switch with in institute Select the charging method of the step obtaining required charging current at battery.Can use and be similar to above-mentioned regulation so that can be true Fixed by be placed in the number of the module of series connection and those, to obtain the setting charging current value in set of cells.As explained above , this method includes the step selecting battery to be charged, and particularly considers its charge condition and health status thereof.Please note Meaning, can place inductance so that the electric current circulated in-between smooths between source and set of cells.This fits in a similar fashion For between set of cells and load.Correspondingly, set of cells makes it possible to do not forcing any voltage/current formula electric transducer of needs In the case of be charged from electrical network in a simplified manner.
Note that then it still can accept the charging from electrical network if set of cells can not be generated or absorbed by negative voltage And do not force and need voltage/current formula electricity/electric transducer, its use the rectifier bridge 38 that is inserted between main line and set of cells with Positive voltage U is obtained, as shown in Figure 28 at set of cells.
Finally, above-mentioned solution has many advantages, including:
It, based on a large amount of transistors in a large amount of unit switch, i.e. preferred embodiment, is located remotely from each other, and this makes it easy to disappear Dissipate the energy being operated by dissipating, because its dissipation energy is taken through the energy of a large amount of smallest numbers of the structural scattering of set of cells Form；
Its balance making it possible to be realized the battery of set of cells in real time by the dynamic routing of electric current；
Its balance making it possible to be realized the module of set of cells by the utilization rate optimization making each；
It makes it possible to realize disconnecting of faulty battery；
It makes it possible to by fully or battery disconnects the electricity realized under excessive temperature according to recycle ratio The restriction of the electric current in pond so that the acceptable average current from battery can be realized；
It makes it possible to realize the adjustment of the output voltage of set of cells in the way of gentle, and (low frequency (＜ 1000Hz) is cut Change and small voltage step, such as 4V), and do not force the high frequency chopping needing full battery voltage；Its make it possible to realize for Control DC motor or be charged the adjustment of required D/C voltage from DC source；Its also allow for realize for control synchronize or Asynchronous motor etc. or the generation of the AC voltage for directly charging from electrical network；
Its independent isolation making it possible to realize the battery of module, in particular so that be capable of the survey of its floating voltage Amount, even if set of cells operates；
Its isolation making it possible to realize all batteries, such as when vehicle is stopped or major failure detected Afterwards, enabling evade for being called the user or personnel that vehicle is operated, disappearing the most in the case of fire The all electric risk of anti-personnel.
By the voltage of the module of the voltage and set of cells of simultaneously measuring battery, can infer from these measurement results Voltage at the terminal of power transistor.In some configures, can be from these voltages with flow through battery or block-transistor Whether current detecting transistor is out of order.Correspondingly, set of cells also uses diagnosis to realize requisite switching function The method of some or all the operation in transistor, its may comprise steps of in some or all:
If when battery transistor is opened, the voltage of this grade is kept substantially equal to battery while electric current flows Voltage, then this is because at least one in battery transistor is no longer opened；Which be in order to find out, determine that electric current flows through Which battery just be enough to；Correspondingly, this diagnostic method includes the opening of all battery transistors of command module, measurement module If voltage and measure in the case of being in close proximity to the value of cell voltage and flow through the electric current of each battery and electric current at it Battery transistor is then categorized as the step of " fault " by middle flowing；Hereinafter, faulty with at least one in wherein battery The block-transistor that the module of (remaining closed) is associated no longer is activated, in order to avoid producing short circuit；The method can include to this Ground and/or central location transmit the data of the maximum current that identity and/or each module about faulty switch can carry Additional step.User allows for finding out to change which transistor；
If in the case of in order to open the order of parallel transistor, the voltage of at least one grade flows at electric current Keep being substantially zero, then at least one parallel transistor is not switched on and faulty simultaneously；Measure the electric current by each module Allow to determine out of order parallel transistor；Therefore this diagnostic method includes the opening of order parallel transistor, measures electricity If pressure and electric current and electric current flow while voltage be zero, identify the step of faulty block-transistor；Below In, the battery transistor that the module of transistor connected in parallel faulty (remaining closed) is associated no longer is activated, in order to avoid producing Short circuit；Correlation module will not be used before its block-transistor or paralleling switch are replaced again；
If in the case of in order to close the order of battery transistor, the electric current in association battery is the situation of zero Under voltage drop occurs at transistor, then battery transistor is out of order, and is not closed again；This situation limits can It is supplied to the electric current of module；Information is apprised of by the central computer of set of cells, and tells that module still is able to the maximum electricity of tolerance Stream；Additionally, the notified transistor to be changed of user；
In a similar manner, if being to cause crystalline substance while zero in order to close the order of block-transistor electric current wherein Voltage drop at body pipe, then this means that transistor is out of order and is not closed again；Which has limited and be disconnected at battery Time the electric current that can pass through of module；Central computer is notified and tells that module can still be able to the maximum current tolerated；Additionally, The notified transistor to be changed of user.
If the electric current in branch road has the symbol contrary with the electric current of circulation in other branch road, exceed certain threshold Value, then diagnosis carrys out the leakage current from normally on transistors of branch since then；Central computer is apprised of and tells that module still is able to The maximum current of tolerance；Additionally, the notified transistor to be changed of user.
The present invention is certainly not limited to above example.Each battery multiple measurement sensor can be realized especially, but replace Change ground, can be eliminated these and measure sensor or the measurement sensor of other number can be selected.In addition it is possible to use except institute State the other type of measurement sensor outside those, to measure the feature of the battery condition outside voltage, electric current or temperature Parameter.Each battery can take any form and based on any energy storage technology, and is not limited to for embodiments of the invention more The lithium-ion technology described in detail.Additionally, each energy-storage battery can be associated with local energy source, such as photovoltaic cell or Any type of sun-sensor, heat sensor, mechanical/electrical transducer etc..
Additionally, the cell switch realized with each battery for set of cells describes above example.But will Can be by only managing in some in its battery only some battery the most on the battery pack according to idea of the invention Cell switch is provided and at least two battery of same module, therefore advantageously provides at least one switch enable to Realize some motility in this type of management to obtain the set of cells of improvement.Certain module can not realize said method, and It is contemplated that the set of cells of conventional modules with the block combiner improved according to the present invention.Additionally, have been described for for set of cells The module switch of each module or the paralleling switch that is alternatively associated with each battery.This type of switch is still optional, And can be removed in the simplified version of the present invention.Additionally, the present invention cover be integrated with in module only some One or more module switch and/or all intermediate embodiment of paralleling switch.
Finally, in order to make figure understand, shown example includes little battery.It is contemplated, however, that embodiment be suitable for reality It is now able to supply high output voltage, reach a few hectovolt, such as 250 volts or more set of cells.It is thus suitable for including many Module, particularly eight or the set of cells of more multimode.
To this end, Figure 30 to 32 shows the variant for realizing making the function of multiple module bypass of set of cells, it is base In with multiple wired in parallel arrange, allow to when multiple modules are deactivated add current path, therefore limitation loss Supplementary switch.
Correspondingly, Figure 30 with the addition of the switch 214 of First Series, each branch making it possible to realize four successive modules The switch 314 of (bypass), second series, each making it possible to realizes the branch of six successive modules, the switch of the 3rd series 414, each make it possible to realize relative to second series skew the branch of six successive modules, the switch 514 of the 4th series, Each also allowing for realizes relative to the branch of six successive modules of the first two series of offset, the switch 614 of the 5th series, Each branch making it possible to realize eight successive modules and the switch 714 of the 6th series, each also allowing for realizes phase Branch for eight successive modules of the 5th series of offset.
All switches of these different series are arranged between the lower and upper terminal of disparate modules parallel with one another.Its pipe Should so to avoid produce short-circuit conditions relevant, such as explained for previous example.
Two Figure 31 and 32 show two other variants based on Same Way.
The advantage of these various embodiments is owing to making the switch of multiple grades of branches (bypass) multiple modules be gone simultaneously More current path is added when activating (this causes much lower loss).Correspondingly, according to the number of required module, adopt all the time The all-in resistance making set of cells with the most optimal configuration minimizes.
By means of transistor realize mentioned by different batteries and/or module and/or paralleling switch.The most to a great extent On illustrate NMOS and PMOS transistor, but still bipolar NPN and PNP transistor can be used, it has the advantage that, i.e. it can Control with relatively low pressure, FET, JFET, IGBT, GaN transistor, relay etc..Alternatively, it is possible to realize except described those it Outer any kind of switch, if electric current is by the most reverse IGCT when requiring to open it.
Can be with intelligent cell, computer or the locally and/or remotely process electricity that can access via local communication device Road manages the set of cells of the present invention, and this computer can include for managing set of cells, especially for determining what it switched Any software of configuration and/or hardware.To this end, set of cells can be with integrated any actuation means, any control circuit, for it Switch.But, this ON-OFF control circuit is directly powered by least one battery of set of cells, preferably by control circuit thereon The module of face operation or the battery of adjacent block are powered；This solution is advantageously applied to be integrated at set of cells and needs Want all parts of power supply.Correspondingly, set of cells is integrated with at one or more modules available by one or many One or more power supply circuit under the voltage of individual battery supplied.This power supply circuit can the most in the battery or Arrange in electronic cards in set of cells or by other means any.
By simply by above-described embodiment and/or its variant thereof, it is easy to imagine that the many of the present invention other Variant.
Note that interior and/or with external unit the communication of set of cells can be based on carrier current principle, condition is load institute Electric current that is that need or that supplied by source is not wanted too high and is allowed some battery to disconnect.It is true that this principle is based on battery The intentional of connection that be connected and disconnected from of some battery of group replaces, in order to produce faradic current modulation and power tune at module System, it propagates to whole set of cells and exceeds.Therefore this algorithm for power modulation by other module of set of cells and is seen by external loading, This allow to by its for according to any communication protocol that is existing and that whether standardize, transmit information.Motherboard can be limited Circuit, by means of the address of battery, it alternately inquires that then all batteries, each battery respond in dedicated time slot.Example As, this motherboard circuit can ask the information of the measurement result of the voltage of such as certain module, electric current and/or temperature, this it After, described module can send asked information, may be with the code for reporting fault.This principle is hence in so that set of cells Different batteries can be in communication with each other simply or with the central computer of set of cells or process circuit or external unit communication.Please Note, can not exclusively battery disconnected but simply by the electricity under the conduction status of modulation battery transistor Resistance, i.e. bias point about transistor modulate its grid voltage to modulate electric current.This avoids battery and is disconnected completely connection And make to take over so that other battery overload of this grade of current cycle.This resistance modulation under conduction status can also be brilliant in module Body pipe is applied to block-transistor when being activated.Even if then this make this level be deactivated by opening battery transistor It also is able to communicate.Carrier current communication allows to enter high electric current at this grade in the case of not producing high electrical loss Row modulation.It is true that this current-modulation is the electricity being simply stored by modulation and being returned by means of belonging to set of cells Stream consumption and perform, it means that do not exist and be similar to such as be those conventionally used to carrier current system linearity mould The loss of loss present in resistor under formula or the dissipative element of transistor.
Therefore, Figure 29 diagrammatically illustrates the realization of this principle, and wherein, the first module 121 of set of cells is by right At least one cell switch 13 carries out actuating to generate signal of communication 100, and then connects at the second module 122 of set of cells Receive corresponding signal 101.
Figure 33 shows the variant of embodiments of the invention, and wherein, set of cells is separated into four parts or includes by many The equivalence storage sub-component of multiple modules of individual battery composition.The above-mentioned concept of the structure composition of these modules, and here Each battery includes that cell switch and each module include module switch.These different pieces can be series connection, and Guan Bi is by it First connected switchs 103 and opens second switch 104, and then it represent such as geometry the most described in reference diagram 4, or On the other hand person is in parallel, opens the first switch 103 and Guan Bi second switch 104.Alternatively, can there is any middle groups Close, such as each several part is the most in series grouped, is followed by arranging these groups of two parts in parallel.This variant Allow to that there is high output voltage Vs or relatively low output voltage but be higher than acquisition in the case of all sections in series Selection between the output electric current Is of electric current.Correspondingly, this structure at desired output voltage less than can be to a half module supply Voltage time be just made available by.If this voltage is less than 1/4th of the voltage can supplied to all modules of series connection, then Four shown parts can be used in parallel.
Alternatively, the method can be realized by the part of other number any；Each module even can represent applicable In the part with the combination of the remainder serial or parallel connection of set of cells.Additionally, these different pieces can be mutually different, do not wrap Include identical number of battery cells.Therefore the method for management set of cells can include according to predetermined amount of time voltage based on output Automatically calculate the step of number of part by being placed in parallel connection with current needs, be followed by switch 103,104 is activated To obtain the step being best suitable for set of cells geometry required at that time.
Figure 34 therefore illustrates the embodiment above with reference to the principle described in Figure 33.In this example, clear in order to obtain The expression of Chu, set of cells only includes two parts of each three modules.This principle it is of course possible to for about 100 modules, can The set of cells being divided into a large amount of part is replicated.Shown set of cells is corresponding to set of cells described in reference diagram 11.All modules Including the electronic unit described in detail, and it is connected to central authorities' calculating via communication bus 21 and electric isolution device 37 Machine 22.This set of cells is equipped with by the H bridge of four switches 86 to 89 realization in addition, as explained above.Finally, by adding Formed switch 103,104, three transistors of 104' obtain the division of two parts of set of cells, as explained above. As indicated, two transistors 103,104 are positioned in the core of set of cells, thus it is arranged in these transistors physically The control circuit 27 of adjacent block of either side control.Additionally, transistor 104' is towards the location, lower end of set of cells, and quilt Signal 90 from the control circuit of the lower module of set of cells controls.These switches 103,104,104' is it is of course possible to by differently It is arranged in the structure of set of cells.
Figure 35 shows another embodiment, and wherein, set of cells includes eight modules of each two batteries, is divided into tool There are two parts of each four modules of each output voltage V1 and V2.This set of cells also includes ten MOS transistors, including by It is connected to five transistor K11 to K15 of Part I and is connected to five transistor K21 to K25 of Part II.These are ten years old Individual transistor is directly by adjacent block control.Its voltage inversion of two parts making it possible to achieve set of cells and series connection or also Two functions that connection connects.This solution being equivalent to above scheme really.Total output voltage Vs of set of cells is in fact Defined by below equation:
-when transistor K13, K14 and K21 be closed, other when opening, Vs=V1+V2
-when transistor K11, K23 and K24 be closed, other when opening, Vs=-V1-V2
-when transistor K12, K22, K15, K25, K14 and K21 be closed, other when opening, Vs=V1=V2
-when transistor K12, K22, K15, K25, K11 and K24 be closed, other when opening, Vs=-(V1=V2)
The present embodiment includes transistor K14, K15, K24 and the K25 never standing the voltage more than V1 or V2, and this voltage makes The low voltage transistor receiving high current in the case of not producing excessive loss must be may be selected that.As it was previously stated, that ten Individual transistor is via being filled by the top of the two of set of cells parts and bottom module power and the be placed on it electronics in face Put and controlled.Owing to the power supply potential of these transistors is carried out reference relative to these modules, so this simplify, it is entered Row controls.
In the case of set of cells includes N number of module, if the calculation determine that need n module of series connection to obtain required electricity Pressure, then can perform calculated below:
If n ＜ N/2, then being connected in parallel of two parts, set of cells is divided into two parts；
If n is ＜ N/3, set of cells is divided into three parts, etc..
Alternatively, retarded type can be selected to regulate, to avoid when voltage requirements changes around the ultimate value of such as N/2 The most continually switch is switched over.To this end, as n ＜ N/p-q, it is possible to determine that set of cells is divided into p part, its In, q is integer constant.
Alternatively, the method for management set of cells can use about output electric current and/or any type of tune of magnitude of voltage Joint.If output voltage is less than setting value, then increases the number n of serial module structure, and if it greater than setting value, then reduce number Mesh n.In order to prevent number n from shaking in the hope of reaching by the inaccessiable setting value of integer value of n between two values, it is possible to use Low-pass filtering at change frequency limiter and/or corrector or return loop realizes the regulation relative to meansigma methods.
If set of cells must supply the most variable AC voltage or any voltage with the given cycle, then must base In the similar standard of amplitude of sine curve to be supplied or variable voltage that is applied to judge the different piece of set of cells also Connection connects, to prevent from switching to another from a pattern the most continually in each cycle.Generally, current needs is permissible Along with the amplitude of voltage requirements is relatively low and higher.
Correspondingly, this variant of the present invention allows to revise output voltage and electric current under the power of substantial constant Value.This solution is well suited to the motor to such as vehicle electric motor, and it can force needs under low speed More torques and higher supply current therefore, such as climb very steep slopes.Correspondingly, the invention still further relates to similarly assemble just like institute The set of cells stated, whether dismountable for its quick-replaceable automobile.
Be made up of element cell relative to the most each level or module, all with the switch phase driven by control circuit The embodiment of association describes the present invention.It is contemplated, however, that the most not all element cell all include cell switch and/ Or the variant that not all module is all controlled by this way, as mentioned above.Correspondingly, another simplifies variant and is class Be similar to the framework of Figure 35, but there is no cell switch, this allow to by this framework reduce to the most various modules series connection or The function being connected in parallel.
To this end, Figure 36 is shown in which that element cell 11 is grouped to form bigger battery or stack battery 111 again Another variant of the present invention.Then the framework of the present invention is applied to these stack batteries 111, its be grouped into module 112 and It all switchs with the battery group of transistor 123 form and is associated, and each level includes the level switch of transistor 124 form.Phase Ying Di, it is considered as that the battery of element cell is in fact corresponding to a Battery pack the most in the embodiment above that the present invention contains Any embodiment, it can be to take the form of independent molectron, and the connection of this independent molectron is fixing and can not revise , may even take those in form with at least two outside terminal and final and as defined above element cell The shell being similarly used.Throughout this description, term " battery " therefore must be understood as being applicable to any power storage element entity, Combination from the element cell of such as Li-ion batteries piles to a large amount of cell group.Note that in Figure 36 variant, electronics control Control equipment is shared by two levels 112.
This controls equipment and controls to be formed the transistor 123,124 of switch 113,114 relative to the electronegative potential of bottom stage.Its bag Including various sensor 133, such as temperature sensor, voltage sensor and current sensor, it is via three communication channels and place Reason circuit 130 communicates.Therefore processing unit 130 receives this at the communication input 131 realizing " ADC input " pattern number conversion Data.In a possible embodiment, processing circuit can be to have the input/outfan of enough numbers so that inquiry is all The microcontroller of sensor.All transistors 123,124 are controlled under the order processing circuit 130 by power control circuit 127. Finally, process circuit 130 and be connected to unshowned central authorities meter via the interface 37 of communication bus 125 and formation electric isolution device Calculation machine.
Figure 37 shows for by making the previously passed PMOS transistor 136 closing at its either side and nmos pass transistor 137 and inductance 135 electric discharge that is electrically charged controls the embodiment of circuit of transistor 123,124.When inductance 135 is filled fully During electricity, nmos pass transistor 137 is opened, but PMOS transistor 136 still closes.It is brilliant that electric current then passes through diode 138 to module The grid of body pipe 124, and be enough to cause its situation to change.
On the other hand, the present invention is also compatible with three-phase embodiment.Figure 38 briefly illustrates and includes for three-phase electricity The set of cells of three power storage row 116 of motivation 115 power supply, each have and the set of cells according to the present invention as above Similar framework.
Figure 39 is shown in which set of cells to be suitable for threephase motor 115 and carries three-phase voltage and every due to set of cells Row 116 are equipped with switch 86 to 89(and are advantageously made up of transistor) to produce the H bridge as explained with reference to Figure 26 the fact And it is different from the variant of previous embodiment.This H bridge allows to the peak-to-peak of motor and controls voltage doubles, and thus will use Output electric current in identical output halves (Ueff*Ieff=constant).These switch switching of each cycle twice, i.e. defeated When going out each sign modification of voltage.Compared with Figure 38, the electric current that this framework allows to avoid being supplied by row is in the cycle Some moment flows in another row with the form of reverse current, produces the involuntary circulation making battery charging and discharging.This In solution, can independently three windings of threephase motor 115 be powered.This isolation enables to can be by electricity Each row 116 of pond group electrically insulate.This is isolated in three row 116 and is such as separated due to the reason of the electrical safety in vehicle It is probably particularly useful in the case of becoming to be physically located in three battery pack blocks of various location.
Figure 40 shows another variant allowing to provide three phase mains.The equipment used includes two set of cells row Or the tandem compound of two structures, as described in reference diagram 27.As having shown that, each row are suitable for producing sinusoidal AC output electricity Pressure.By the phase shift of 2 π/3 being put on the output voltage of two row, three-phase voltage can be recovered at the output of set of cells. Note that each column is connected to its central computer 22,22', and the two computer 22,22' by each communication bus 21,21' Being connected to master computer 222, it integrally manages set of cells and particularly coordinates two row.
The realization of three computer therefore methods of this type of set of cells of Sharing Management.For example, master computer 222 determines By number n1 and n2 of the level of use in each row of set of cells.One solution is to select number according to following rule N1 and n2:
-n1=[(amplitude/voltage setting crest voltage of module) * sin (2 π ft)] is rounded to nearest integer
-n2=[(amplitude/voltage setting crest voltage of module) * sin (2 π ft)] is rounded to nearest integer
Computer definition includes frequency f of signal and the required output setting value of amplitude thereof.Come electricity using set of cells In the case of motivation is powered, it is possible to manage the output voltage of motor and electric current and speed by servo control loop.Any Time t adjusts number n1 and n2 to realize the setting value of thus servo control loop definition.
It addition, respectively two computers 22 of row, the 22' that are exclusively used in set of cells more accurately determine and will realize voltage and electricity It is used to observe the module (under applicable circumstances, and battery) of so number n1 and n2 of definition while stream requirements.Enter Capable this selects thus observes the electric charge between balance disparate modules.To this end, each module that each computer 22,22' arrange from it Receiving charge condition and current capacity information, this allows to determine which n1 and n2 module is specifically made at any time With.Correspondingly so that the battery that can obtain required electric current in a short time is chosen and keeps connected, until electric current passes through peak Value, this too much being connected and disconnected from avoiding module connects.Can only supply the module of reduced-current then only when required peak Value electric current just uses when being less than the current capacity of these modules.
Additionally, master computer 222 also transmits the information of the symbol of required voltage so that each row can correspondingly arrange it H bridge works.According to an advantageous embodiment, this information is transferred into each row by the symbol of amendment number n1 and n2.
Additionally, this management method also includes transmitting the charge condition about two each modules arranged to master computer 222 Step with the information of current capacity.Therefore electric current and maximum voltage that set of cells is capable of supply that can be calculated, thus in management Consideration this point during set of cells: if it is required, at master computer 222 therefore, it is possible to apply required peak point current or by absorption peak The restriction of electric current, or even restriction to electromotor velocity in the case of to motor.
Finally, to show to use different types of switch to realize as follows for all embodiments of set of cells as above Various and supplementary functions, including:
Cell switch, for being connected or disconnected from the particular battery of set of cells；
Paralleling switch, for bypass or the particular battery of not shunt battery group；
Module switch, for bypass or the module of not shunt battery group；
For simultaneously bypass or the switch of not multiple modules of shunt battery group；
For making set of cells output voltage anti-phase or nonphase-inverting switch；
For the series/parallel permutator that some subdivision of set of cells in series or is in parallel disposed；
Finally, it is possible to achieve in series or in parallel arranging the extra switch of two batteries.
According to advantageous embodiment, as already described, all these switches are supplied by least one battery of set of cells itself Electricity, i.e. locally powered rather than the control circuit powered with external power source controls.Further, it is preferable to by by nearest or near At least one of module the nearest battery powered control circuit drives switch, thus control circuit with such as controlled The voltage of same order is used between being switched by control of transistor.To this end, advantageously carry out selecting to control switch, this is opened In the terminal closed one, be source electrode or drain electrode the most in the case of nmos transistors, by by same module or adjacent block, More properly it is connected to the voltage in certain module by least one battery powered control circuit of in these modules. More generally, can select any control circuit, it is to its potential difference with switch terminal not that the power supply of this control circuit connects Exceed the module of predefined threshold value, exceed predefined threshold value and will there is the risk damaged switch, produce electrical hazard situation.This threshold Value is defined by safety criterion and depends on the type of realized switch.This power supply local, neighbouring has and makes it possible to realization and make The second advantage being connected with the short control between control circuit with switch.
It should be noted that then control circuit must make it possible to realize the reliable actuation of various switch.If disparate modules Potential difference and the switch with 3V are nmos types, then control circuit is preferably integrated for increasing existence at its input terminal 3V voltage electric charge pump and use relatively high output voltage according to switch switch is activated.Feelings at nmos pass transistor Under condition, such as, will carry out selecting with to its gate feed voltage so that the voltage difference between its grid and its source electrode is about 20V, To ensure to activate reliably.
Figure 41 therefore illustrates the use example of this type of set of cells being applied to ohmic load, has about certain module Aging some hypothesis with capacitance loss.In unshowned variant, set of cells can be connected to three phase mains so that it to be entered Row charging.
Additionally, the framework of above-mentioned battery pack solution makes it possible to achieve other beneficial functions.
First this type of function is impedance bioelectrical measurement.To this end, the series connection being associated with battery 11 can be closed and/or open Switch 13 enables to the part optionally realizing electric current and circulates to pass through battery in battery pack.By controlling electricity The time that stream flows in the battery and the electric current measured at battery 11 and voltage, can derive the electrical complex impedance of battery.As In Figure 42 represented such as identify the electrical characteristics of electricity parts to white noise 160, to Spline smoothing 161 or to pulse The standard method of the response of 162 is well-known.This electrical complex impedance measure potentially allow to provide electric current, voltage and Additional information beyond temperature measurement result is estimated for the charge condition of battery and the improvement of health status.
This complex impedance of the control defined well based on tandem tap is measured advantageously at other battery of module Perform relay electric current when this tandem tap is opened while.Alternatively, it is also possible to normal operating based on set of cells performs This measures, and this produces current step the most in the battery when battery (or module) is activated.
If the electric current consumed in set of cells is more or less DC or is in low frequency, then may must use transmission DC With it is measured current sensor (measure the sensor in magnetic field near streaming current, hall effect sensor or The use of shunt resistance device).These sensors have the relatively costly and big special characteristic that consumes energy.Limit to evade this, can The frame being used to increase the frequency of the electric current consumed in the battery artificially relative to the electric current circulated in the load can be had benefited from Structure.It is in fact possible to make the battery used at module replace and make the module for producing output voltage alternately.All right Use quickly the connecting/disconnecting of battery in the moment of electric current at battery to be measured.This electric current at battery or module is cut Ripple (hachage) promotes the measurement of electric current, because adding the frequency of electric current.It is, for example possible to use simple current transformation Device, it can be integrated directly into carrying and measure on the PCB card of electronic installation.By battery is disconnected, by battery Electric current is cancelled, and the magnetic material of power pack is by the desaturation (circulation with the electric current under such as direct current or very low frequency Related saturated).When battery is automatically reconnected, power pack plays the effect of actual current changer, until material The most saturated.This was used to the electric current in the secondary coil of measurement translator before this type of is saturated.Finally, whenever electricity to be measured During stream, battery is disconnected provisionally.
Second this type of function is current measurement.This battery can be disconnected in addition provisionally (in suitable situation Under avoid electric current not by backward diode) so that other type of current sensor is calibrated；It is known that work as battery When being disconnected, being zero by its electric current, this allows to calibrate the zero of sensor.If it is known that calibration Electric current circulates (such as when recharging this bag) or with the calibration at battery pack or accurately in battery pack Electric current measured by current sensor, then can also calibrate other point of sensor characteristics.Thereafter, by inciting somebody to action at every grade of place Battery one by one connects and from a battery, electric current is switched to another battery, it is possible to relative to this current point and similarly for The current sensor of each battery is calibrated by other current point.Finally, if this concept is extrapolated the most further, then exist Single calibrate, during stable and current sensor is placed on battery pack (at battery maybe this bag) accurately in the case of, With this group switch, other current sensors all of battery pack can be calibrated.The real time calibration of current sensor This probability particularly allows to the low-down sensor of use cost (because it need not when battery pack is in operation It is steady in a long-term).
3rd this type of function is the charge condition of set of cells or the calibration of the measurement result of health status.In order to calculate The charge condition of battery, modal solution is to measure the voltage at battery terminal.For its of lithium ion phosphoric acid swage For active part depends on the cell group of the senior principles of chemistry, the measurement result of voltage is not the most accurately, because The latter depends on temperature rather than charge condition, especially at the end of away from charge or discharge.Known to be intended to obtain charging The measurement result more accurately of situation, can quadrature to by the electric current of battery.Start from discharged condition and to electric current quadrature Point (multiple amp hrs of integration), and if the capacity of battery be the known (ampere that cell group can store-little Time number), then by calculate the two value ratio, the charge rate of battery can be derived.This solution is quite may be used Lean on, but it need periodic calibration because current integration calculate trend towards due to current measurement result inaccurate, do not examined Consider at interior leakage current and due to along with it is aging, the thing of battery loss capacity (amp hr number that can store declines) Drifting about in a short time in fact, therefore calibration is necessary.The solution used at present is following at some Ring or completely battery pack be charged at the end of certain use time and/or discharge.Fully charged putting completely below Electricity allows to such as update the memory capacity (amp hr number) of battery.This operation takes relatively long period of time, and compares set of cells The persistent period long twice or three times of the simple scenario charged normal.Additionally, this operation consumes and (is being put completely by partition losses During electricity) energy.
In order to avoid these shortcomings, allow to not to whole set of cells according to the set of cells framework of this solution Bag but simply some battery to battery pack perform these operations, so as to continue during these calibration phases This battery pack, total active volume is used only to reduce several percentage ratio.Then calibration is set of cells battery or several Individual battery discharge completely and charge and update this battery capacity and amp hr counting.This according to several batteries is analyzed, The situation of whole battery pack can be derived partially by extrapolation.In order to avoid making by filling that each battery realizes The number of electricity/discharge cycles is uneven, changes the battery being used for calibrating when calibration every time and be enough to: be when calibrating every time, right The battery of different series is sampled.
4th this type of function is the battery operation improved.Cut if some battery comprises its charge or discharge electric current Ripple, the most aging chemism part.It is true that for the equal-wattage dissipated in the battery, if only at certain To be chopped into mode to apply electric current in individual time scale, then can realize higher " peak value " electric current, because loss reduces.This Higher peak current is also reflected in the battery by the crest voltage of the normal voltage of slightly above battery, and this trends towards making battery In ion move with more energy, this trends towards promoting that it is from an electrode to another migration and to a certain extent Improve it to the insertion received in electrode.This principle make battery can limit from a charge/discharge cycle to another The loss of its memory capacity, and it is aging therefore to slow down it.Under the background of selected framework, circulate with certain by such as utilizing Than battery is connected (having phase shift in the connecting/disconnecting of various batteries of one-level) and from a battery to another ground Alternately overall available current, or, by utilizing the switch that activation is relevant to carry out the activation of alternately module, guarantee output simultaneously Correct voltage levvl, the electric current in the battery of copped wave set of cells can be easy to.
Note that set of cells as above some or all batteries can with such as sun-sensor, heat sensor, The local power supply of the types such as mechanical/electrical transducer is associated, to be used for this source being such as charged it and/or providing being used for The additional probability of the energy supply carried out by set of cells.

Claims (24)

1. an accumulator battery, including the multiple modules (12 being disposed in series；112), each module includes being suitable for being connected To the lower terminal (17) of lower module be suitable for being connected to the upper terminal (18) of upper module, each module its lower terminal and its Include between upper terminal that at least one includes the branch road of accumulator, it is characterised in that this accumulator battery includes at least one module, Each branch road between the lower terminal and upper terminal of at least one module described includes for by the specific electric power storage of accumulator battery The battery switch that pond is connected or disconnected from, this accumulator battery also includes the specific storage for optionally bypassing accumulator battery Battery and/or module and/or bypass at least one paralleling switch of multiple modules of accumulator battery, and this accumulator battery simultaneously Including being arranged on given module (12；112) at least one battery switch at place and the control circuit of at least one paralleling switch (27；67；127), this control circuit (27；67；127) by least one accumulator (11 of this given module or adjacent block； 50；111) directly power；This accumulator battery also includes and gives the communication module that module is associated, including for calculating with central authorities Machine (22) and/or with at least one other module (12；112) and/or by least one electric power storage of given module or adjacent block Pond (11；50；111) interface (37) that the process circuit (30) being associated with given module of directly power supply communicates.
Accumulator battery the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that include that being arranged at least one at given module opens The control circuit closed, this control circuit is by least one accumulator (11 giving module or adjacent block；50；111) directly supply Electricity, at least one switch described is selected from:
-for optionally making the anti-phase switch of accumulator battery output voltage；
-in series or in parallel arranging the series/parallel permutator of some subdivision of accumulator battery；
-in series or in parallel arranging the extra switch of two accumulator.
Accumulator battery the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that include multiple accumulator (11；50；111), each Accumulator (11；50；111) and series connection with it ground arrange the battery switch (13 controlled by one or more control circuits； 63；113) be associated, each of the one or more control circuit at given module by giving module or adjacent block At least one accumulator (11；50；111) directly power.
Accumulator battery the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that include being connected to electric power storage via diode (40) The module (12 of pond group；112) at least one accumulator (11；50；111) to supply the control circuit (27 of electric energy to it； 67；127).
Accumulator battery the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that include via by described module (12,112) The transistor that available voltage or electric current control is connected to the module (12 of accumulator battery；112) at least one accumulator (11；50；111) control circuit (27；67；127).
Accumulator battery the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that transistor (41) is by described module (12,112) Available voltage or electric current are via amplifier device control.
Accumulator battery the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described control circuit (27；67；127) it is connected to store The module (12 of set of cells；112) all accumulator (11；50；111).
Accumulator battery the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that include for measuring and accumulator (13；63； 113) at least one sensor (33,35,36 of the characteristic parameter of the accumulator situation being associated；62、65、66；133), and It is control circuit (27；67；127) described accumulator (13 is controlled according to the characteristic parameter of accumulator situation；63；113) Battery switch (13；63；113).
Accumulator battery the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that include for measuring accumulator (11；50；111) place The sensor of electric current and/or be used for measuring accumulator (11；111) electricity at terminal and/or at the terminal of its battery switch Pressure sensor (35) and/or be used for measuring accumulator (11；111) temperature and/or measure the sensing of impedance for surveying spectrometry Device (33).
Accumulator battery the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that include by least the one of the given module of accumulator battery Individual accumulator (11；50；111) directly power supply the one or more process circuit (30) at given module and/or via control Circuit (27 processed；67；127) opening of accumulator battery is driven according at least one measurement result of the characteristic parameter of accumulator situation Close (13；14；34；63；64；113；114) central computer (22).
11. accumulator batteries according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that include electronic cards (20), this electronic cards includes
-for being connected to the terminal (16) of the accumulator (11) of accumulator battery, and
-battery switch (13) for one or more modules (12), and
The control circuit (27 of-battery switch (13)；67；127), and
-be used for from least one accumulator of accumulator battery control circuit (27；67；127) circuit being powered.
12. accumulator batteries according to claim 11, it is characterised in that include each module being arranged on accumulator battery (12) electronic cards (20) between or all accumulator (11) of accumulator battery are provided thereon the Single Electron card in face Or each of which and multiple modules (12) associated plurality of electronic cards (20).
13. accumulator batteries according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that include at least one accumulator (50), this electric power storage Pond includes the battery switch (63) directly powering and being integrated in shell (68) inside of accumulator (50) from accumulator (50) With control circuit (67).
14. accumulator batteries according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that include for make by four switches (86,87, 88,89) the H bridge that the output voltage of the accumulator battery provided is anti-phase, these four switches are by being on the one hand arranged on upper end module And it is arranged at the module of described upper end or two transistors that neighbouring control circuit controls and be on the other hand arranged on lower end At module and be arranged at the module of described lower end or two transistors that neighbouring control circuit controls provide.
15. accumulator batteries according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that include the string revising the sub-component of accumulator battery Connection or the switch (103,104) of parallel combination part, and it is that these switches are by being arranged on the module of accumulator battery at least One control circuit (27；67；127) control.
16. accumulator batteries according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described battery switch (13；63；113) it is brilliant Body pipe.
17. accumulator batteries according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that include the multiple shells being disposed in series , and include having the position for being removably received by shell, include for shell via electrical bus and accumulator battery (150) The frame of the position of the electric contactor of the electrical connection of terminal, this position is associated with frame switch such that it is able in certain position On do not exist and keep electricity defeated via other shell of at least one in another slit being arranged at frame in the case of certain shell Go out.
18. 1 kinds of management methods according to the accumulator battery described in any one in aforementioned claim, it is characterised in that include From at least one accumulator (11 of given module or adjacent block；50；111) to the given module (12 being arranged on accumulator battery； 112) control circuit (27 of the switch at place；67；127) step being powered.
19. management methods according to claim 18, it is characterised in that include at the needs within accumulator battery by storing The step that battery-driven other electronic units all of at least one of set of cells are powered.
20. according to the management method described in claim 18 or 19, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
The given module (12 of-measurement accumulator battery；112) accumulator (11；50；111) at least one of place represents accumulator The parameter of situation；
-measured parameter is sent at least one processes circuit (30) or central computer (22)；
Parameter measured by-consideration determines battery switch (13；63；113) position；
-via the control circuit (27 powered by given module or adjacent block；67；127) battery switch (13 is controlled；63； 113) opening or closing.
21. management methods according to claim 20, it is characterised in that include measured parameter compared with threshold value To diagnose accumulator (11；50；111) situation, estimate the charge condition of accumulator and/or estimate the step of its health status.
22. management methods according to claim 21, it is characterised in that include when accumulator positive is keeping below threshold value Electric charge or be overcharged faulty or overheated time open battery switch (18；63；113) step.
23. according to the management method described in claim 18 or 19, it is characterised in that include and accumulator (11；50；111) relevant The battery switch (13 of connection；63；113) step of partially unrolling/Guan Bi, recycle ratio is according to described accumulator (11；50； 111) total use time and determine, this always use the time be again according to from the total current of accumulator battery and voltage requirements and Diagnosis according to relevant accumulator and determine.
24. according to the management method described in claim 18 or 19, it is characterised in that some or all in comprising the following steps:
-make module and/or accumulator mutually balance, to using the mould carrying the highest electric charge when accumulator battery is connected to load Block and/or accumulator and using when charging accumulator carries the module of minimum electric charge and/or accumulator gives priority；
-come balance module and/or accumulator by the average service rate of modified module and/or accumulator, but make discontinuously By identical module and/or accumulator so that the charging of module and/or accumulator is balance；
-the electric current that is capable of supply that according to module selects module to be used；
-limit the use under its maximum temperature of module and/or accumulator or prioritizing selection uses it when current needs is relatively low ?；
Uniform temperature in-holding accumulator battery.
CN201280019619.6A 2011-03-02 2012-03-02 There is the set of cells of independent battery management Active CN103503223B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1151689 2011-03-02
FR1151689A FR2972304A1 (en) 2011-03-02 2011-03-02 BATTERY WITH INDIVIDUAL MANAGEMENT OF CELLS
FR1155934A FR2972305A1 (en) 2011-03-02 2011-07-01 BATTERY WITH INDIVIDUAL MANAGEMENT OF CELLS
FR1155934 2011-07-01
PCT/EP2012/053684 WO2012117110A2 (en) 2011-03-02 2012-03-02 Battery with individual cell management

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN103503223A CN103503223A (en) 2014-01-08
CN103503223B true CN103503223B (en) 2016-11-30

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175249A (en) * 1978-06-19 1979-11-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Self-reconfiguring solar cell system

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175249A (en) * 1978-06-19 1979-11-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Self-reconfiguring solar cell system

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