CN103501400A - Invertible information hiding method based on parabolic interpolation image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an invertible information hiding method based on a parabolic interpolation image. According to the method, an original image is subjected to interpolation to obtain an interpolation image, then, information is hidden in interpolation pixels on the interpolation image, three adjacent original pixels are adopted for constructing a parabola, the interpolation value of the parabola and the average value of the two adjacent original pixels are calculated, and the bit number of secret information hidden by the interpolation pixels is determined according to the differential value of the interpolation value and the average value. The hiding mode is determined through the opening direction of the parabola, and the secret information is hidden in the interpolation pixels to obtain a secret-carrying image. Because the interpolation value and the average of the parabola are not changed, the secret information can be obtained according to the hiding method during the extraction. The pixels with even number lines and rows in the secret-carrying image are taken out, and the original image is recovered. The interpolation image obtained by the invertible information hiding method has the advantages that the hiding volume is greater, and the secret-carrying image has a higher peak value signal-to-noise ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to image processing field and information security field, is a kind of reversible information hidden method based on the parabola interpolation image.
Background technology
In recent years, along with popularizing of computer network, information security issue is more and more outstanding.Encryption is as traditional information security means, if enciphered message victim in storage and transmitting procedure is intercepted and captured, the ciphertext after encryption can cause assailant's attention, has some limitations.Information hiding, as a kind of method ensured information security, can overcome the problem occurred in information encryption, by Information hiding, storage and transmission be the confidential information that carries of hiding after secret information, carry confidential information the same with general information, can not draw assailant's attention.Reversible information is hidden becomes study hotspot in recent years, in military and medical treatment wait information safety protection, has important using value.
It is after the recipient receives and carries confidential information that reversible information is hidden, in carrying confidential information, extract secret information and can can't harm recover original carrier information.Existing reversible information hidden method comprises based on lossless compression method, based on the difference extended method with based on the histogram offset method.Be that the partial information in image is compressed by lossless compression algorithm based on lossless compression method, obtain concealed space and hide secret information, after the extraction secret information, the compressed information decompress(ion) is recovered to original image.In the difference extended method, two neighbors are 1 group and hide 1 secret information, revise adjacent two pixels and make the value after their differential mode 2 equal secret information, the difference that difference and 2 business are original two pixels; First calculate the difference of two neighbors during recovery, by difference Restore Secret information, revise two pixels and make their difference equal this difference, realize the recovery of image.In the histogram offset method, the histogram of statistics carrier image, find out peak point and minimum point in histogram, in the peak point respective pixel, hides Info, revise in image the value of pixel between minimum point and peak point, the value after making their value be not equal to pixel to hide Info; The first peak extraction secret information according to record during recovery, then the value of pixel between minimum point in image and peak point is revised and gone back, realize the recovery of carrier image.
Existing a few class reversible information hidden method, although can realize preferably the reversible of secret information hides, but its hiding information capacity is less, mostly below 1bpp (bpp (bits per pixel) refers to secret information figure place hiding in each pixel), when the hiding information capacity of needs is larger, can not satisfy the demands.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large capacity reversible information hidden method based on the parabola interpolation image, the Information Hiding Capacity of this method all, more than 2bpp, is carried close image simultaneously and is had higher Y-PSNR.
A kind of reversible information hidden method based on the parabola interpolation image of the present invention, comprise the steps:
1, by size, be at first to insert a line between every two row of m * n original image, insert row between every two row, the first row and first row are copied and are obtained with adjacent row and column, wherein coordinate is (1,1) pixel value that pixel value is (2,2) by coordinate copies and obtains, and obtaining size is the interpolation image of 2m * 2n, wherein to be the pixel of even number be original pixels to the row and column coordinate, and rest of pixels is interpolating pixel; Determine a parabola according to original pixels, utilize parabola the value at interpolating pixel place and on every side the weighted mean of original pixels calculate the value of interpolating pixel;
While 2, hiding Info, 5 * 5 the matrix of take is unit, applies three original pixels structure parabolas on same direction, calculates the parabola interpolation of interpolating pixel; Then calculate the average of two adjacent original pixels on same direction, determine the figure place of the hiding secret information of interpolating pixel according to their difference; Revise the interpolating pixel in interpolation image according to parabolical opening direction, secret information is ensconced in interpolating pixel, obtain carrying close image;
While 3, extracting secret information, 5 * 5 the matrix of take equally is unit, at first calculate the interpolation pixel and hide the figure place of secret information, then according to the pixel value interpolation in interpolation image and year close image, calculate the value of hiding secret information, the value of secret information is converted to the binary number of corresponding figure place, complete the extraction of secret information;
4, after having extracted secret information, the pixel that is even number with all row and columns obtains original image, can realize jumbo reversible information hidden method.
When described step 2 hides Info, the concrete steps of hidden method comprise:
(1) parabola interpolation of calculating interpolating pixel is u and average v
After the original image interpolation is obtained to interpolation image, 5 * 5 the matrix of take carries out Information hiding as unit, establishes 5 * 5 matrix to be
Q (i, j) in matrix, q (i, j+2), q (i, j+4), q (i+2, j), q (i+2, j+2), q (i+2, j+4), q (i+4, j), q (i+4, j+2), the pixel that q (i+4, j+4) is original image, remaining is interpolating pixel.If 5 pixel q of horizontal direction (i, j), q (i, j+1) q (i, j+2), q (i, j+3), the value of q (i, j+4) is respectively y
1, y
2, y
3, y
4, y
5, corresponding coordinate is respectively (1, y
1), (2, y
2), (3, y
3), (4, y
4), (5, y
5), calculate by (1, y
1), (3, y
3), (5, y
5) 3 definite parabolic equations, by (2, y
2) the substitution parabolic equation can obtain the parabola interpolation u of pixel q (i, j+1); Equidirectional neighbor average v=(y
1+ y
3)/2; In like manner can obtain parabola interpolation u and the average v of q (i, j+3).Because the distance between horizontal direction, vertical direction pixel is 1, leading diagonal direction q (i, j), q (i+1, j+1), q (i+2, j+2), q (i+3, j+3), the distance between q (i+4, j+4) neighbor is
and counter-diagonal direction q (i, j+4), q (i+1, j+3), q (i+2, j+2), q (i+3, j+1), the distance between q (i+4, j) neighbor is also
level, the distance between neighbor all equates vertically and on oblique line directions.Available above method calculates parabola interpolation u and the average v of each interpolating pixel.
(2) determine and hide figure place
If each interpolating pixel is at least hidden s position secret information, the difference d=u-v that the parabola interpolation that calculates interpolating pixel is u and average v, order
in interpolating pixel, hide s+b position secret information.If | d| is larger, hides figure place b larger, and the secret information numerical value be hidden in interpolating pixel also may be very large.| the quantity that d| is larger is more, and the quantity that in interpolating pixel, the change amount is larger is also more, may be larger on the impact of carrying close image,, so passing threshold T is limited, make | d|≤T, the value of general T is 15.
(3) hide Info
If in 5 * 5 matrix, the mean value of 9 original pixels is M, the pixel value of current interpolating pixel is y, and the pixel value after interpolating pixel hides Info is y '.Take out s+b position secret information from the binary system secret information, and convert thereof into decimal number c.Determine that according to three original pixels a parabola carries out Information hiding.
If parabolical opening upwards, y '=y+c;
If parabolical, Open Side Down, y '=y-c;
If three definite parabolas of original pixels are degenerated to straight line,
Because the pixel value in interpolation image is all between 0 and 255, if the interpolating pixel after hiding Info is less than 0, this interpolating pixel adds that the secret information realization is hiding, if the interpolating pixel after hiding Info is greater than 255, it is hiding that this interpolating pixel deducts the secret information realization.After having hidden interpolating pixels all in matrix by top method, continue next 5 * 5 matrixes, until hidden all interpolating pixels, obtain carrying close image.
The concrete steps that described step 3,4 is extracted secret information and recovery original image comprise:
(1) determine and hide figure place
Obtain carrying close image and a parameter s, after T, using equally 5 * 5 matrix is unit, calculates parabola interpolation u and the average v of interpolating pixel according to hidden method, establishes d=u-v, if | d| is greater than T, order | d|=T; According to | d| obtains
therefore the figure place of hiding secret information in interpolating pixel is s+b.
(2) extract secret information
At first the interpolation that calculates interpolating pixel is y, and the pixel value after establishing interpolating pixel and hiding Info is y ', and hiding secret information c=|y ' in interpolating pixel-y|, convert c to s+b position binary system secret information, completes the extraction of this interpolating pixel.Extract secret informations all in 5 * 5 matrixes by hiding order, continue next 5 * 5 matrixes, until all interpolating pixels have all extracted, obtain whole secret informations.
(3) recover original image
In taking-up year close figure, all row and columns are the pixel of even number, form new image, are original image.
Advantage of the present invention: adopt the interpolation image that the inventive method obtains to have larger Information Hiding Capacity, experimental result shows, the Information Hiding Capacity of the inventive method all, more than 2bpp, is carried close image simultaneously and had higher Y-PSNR.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of interpolation method of the present invention and hidden method;
Fig. 2 is in hidden method of the present invention, hide front 5 * 5 matrix with hiding after 5 * 5 matrixes;
Fig. 3 is original image;
Fig. 4 is the Lena figure after interpolation, is carrier image;
Fig. 5 is secret information;
Fig. 6 carries close image;
Fig. 7 is the secret information after extracting;
The original image that Fig. 8 recovers.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, content of the present invention is described in further detail, but is not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the flow chart of interpolation method of the present invention and hidden method, at first apply interpolation algorithm of the present invention original image is carried out to interpolation, the interpolation image obtained is as carrier image, then the interpolating pixel of revising interpolation in carrier image is hidden into secret information in carrier image, obtains carrying close image.Propose secret information during extraction in the interpolating pixel that carries close image, with non-interpolating pixel, recover original image, thereby realize reversible hiding.
With reference to Fig. 2, in the inventive method, hidden method and extracting method concrete steps are as follows:
In hidden method, establish matrix and be
S=1, the hiding secret information sequence of T=15 is " 111011111100011110001100
2".Five continuous pixel value y of the first row on horizontal direction
1, y
2, y
3, y
4, y
5be respectively 165,166,166,167,167, by coordinate (1,165), (3,166), and (5,167) definite parabola is degenerated to straight line, and d=0, so b=0.Take out 1 secret information, c from secret information at every turn
1=1, c
2=1, because the average of 9 original pixels in this piece is 165.4, the pixel after deducting secret information and hidden by interpolating pixel, value is respectively 165,166.
Five continuous pixel value y of first row on vertical direction
1, y
2, y
3, y
4, y
5be respectively 165,165,165,166,167, by coordinate (1,165), (3,165), (5,167) definite parabolic equation is y=0.25x
2-x+165.75, it is opening up, y
2, y
4value be 164 and 165, to interpolating pixel y
2, can be calculated d=1, due to d<T, by formula, obtain b=1, due to s=1, so y
2in hide 2 secret informations " 01
2", its decimal system numerical value is 1, the pixel value interpolation after hiding Info is 166, in like manner can obtain interpolating pixel y
4value after hiding secret information is 166.
Along five pixel value y continuous on the oblique line directions of minor diagonal
1, y
2, y
3, y
4, y
5be respectively 167,167,165,164,167, by (1,167), (3,165), (5,167) definite parabolic equation is y=0.5x
2-3x+169.5, it is opening up, to interpolating pixel y
2, can be calculated d=1, obtain b=1 by formula, due to s=1, so at y
2in hide 1 secret information " 11
2", the pixel value interpolation after hiding Info is 170, in like manner can obtain interpolating pixel y
4value after hiding secret information is 164.Having hidden the matrix that interpolating pixels all in matrix obtains is
After the recipient receives and carries close figure and parameter, s=1, T=15, at first utilize image interpolation algorithm to calculate interpolation image, establishes five continuous pixel value y of the first row on horizontal direction
1, y
2, y
3, y
4, y
5be respectively 165,165,166,166,167.The parabola of three original pixels compositions is degenerated to straight line, so hidden 1 secret information in interpolating pixel.Obtaining in interpolation image two interpolating pixels, to be respectively interpolating pixel be 166 and 167.C
1=| 165-166|=1, c
2=| 166-167|=1 obtains hiding numeral in two pixels.It is changed into to binary number, be " 1
2".In like manner, obtain secret information hiding in remaining interpolating pixel.
With reference to Fig. 3, it is original image; For original image is carried out to the carrier image that interpolation obtains, do not see sawtooth or blooming that interpolation causes with reference to Fig. 4 from carrier image; With reference to Fig. 5, it is secret information; For carrying close image, there is equally visual effect preferably with reference to Fig. 6; With reference to Fig. 7, being the secret information extracted, is identical with hiding secret information; With reference to Fig. 8, it is the original image that Distortionless goes out.
Claims (3)
1. the reversible information hidden method based on the parabola interpolation image, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) by size, be at first to insert a line between every two row of m * n original image, insert row between every two row, the first row and first row are copied and are obtained with adjacent row and column, wherein coordinate is (1,1) pixel value that pixel value is (2,2) by coordinate copies and obtains, and obtaining size is the interpolation image of 2m * 2n, wherein to be the pixel of even number be original pixels to the row and column coordinate, and rest of pixels is interpolating pixel; Determine a parabola according to original pixels, utilize parabola the value at interpolating pixel place and on every side the weighted mean of original pixels calculate the value of interpolating pixel;
(2) while hiding Info, 5 * 5 the matrix of take is unit, applies three original pixels structure parabolas on same direction, calculates the parabola interpolation of interpolating pixel; Then calculate the average of two adjacent original pixels on same direction, determine the figure place of the hiding secret information of interpolating pixel according to their difference; Revise the interpolating pixel in interpolation image according to parabolical opening direction, secret information is ensconced in interpolating pixel, obtain carrying close image;
(3) while extracting secret information, 5 * 5 the matrix of take equally is unit, at first calculate the interpolation pixel and hide the figure place of secret information, then according to the pixel value interpolation in interpolation image and year close image, calculate the value of hiding secret information, the value of secret information is converted to the binary number of corresponding figure place, complete the extraction of secret information;
(4) after having extracted secret information, the pixel that is even number with all row and columns obtains original image, can realize jumbo reversible information hidden method.
2. the reversible hidden method based on the parabola interpolation image according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (2) is while hiding Info, and the concrete steps of hidden method comprise:
(01) parabola interpolation of calculating interpolating pixel is u and average v
After the original image interpolation is obtained to interpolation image, 5 * 5 the matrix of take carries out Information hiding as unit, establishes 5 * 5 matrix to be
Q (i, j) in matrix, q (i, j+2), q (i, j+4), q (i+2, j), q (i+2, j+2), q (i+2, j+4), q (i+4, j), q (i+4, j+2), the pixel that q (i+4, j+4) is original image, remaining is interpolating pixel; If 5 pixel q of horizontal direction (i, j), q (i, j+1), q (i, j+2), q (i, j+3), the value of q (i, j+4) is respectively y
1, y
2, y
3, y
4, y
5, corresponding coordinate is respectively (1, y
1), (2, y
2), (3, y
3), (4, y
4), (5, y
5), calculate by (1, y
1), (3, y
3), (5, y
5) 3 definite parabolic equations, by (2, y
2) the substitution parabolic equation can obtain the parabola interpolation u of pixel q (i, j+1); Equidirectional neighbor average v=(y
1+ y
3)/2; In like manner can obtain parabola interpolation u and the average v of q (i, j+3); Because the distance between horizontal direction, vertical direction pixel is 1, leading diagonal direction q (i, j), q (i+1, j+1), q (i+2, j+2), q (i+3, j+3), the distance between q (i+4, j+4) neighbor is
and counter-diagonal direction q (i, j+4), q (i+1, j+3), q (i+2, j+2), q (i+3, j+1), the distance between q (i+4, j) neighbor is also
level, the distance between neighbor all equates vertically and on oblique line directions; Calculate parabola interpolation u and the average v of each interpolating pixel in order to upper method;
(02) determine and hide figure place
If each interpolating pixel is at least hidden s position secret information, the difference d=u-v that the parabola interpolation that calculates interpolating pixel is u and average v, order
in interpolating pixel, hide s+b position secret information; If | d| is larger, hides figure place b larger, and the secret information numerical value be hidden in interpolating pixel also may be very large; | the quantity that d| is larger is more, and the quantity that in interpolating pixel, the change amount is larger is also more, may be larger on the impact of carrying close image,, so passing threshold T is limited, make | d|≤T, the value of general T is 15;
(03) hide Info
If in 5 * 5 matrix, the mean value of 9 original pixels is M, the pixel value of current interpolating pixel is y, and the pixel value after interpolating pixel hides Info is y '; Take out s+b position secret information from the binary system secret information, and convert thereof into decimal number c; Determine that according to three original pixels a parabola carries out Information hiding;
If parabolical opening upwards, y '=y+c;
If parabolical, Open Side Down, y '=y-c;
If three definite parabolas of original pixels are degenerated to straight line,
Because the pixel value in interpolation image is all between 0 and 255, if the interpolating pixel after hiding Info is less than 0, this interpolating pixel adds that the secret information realization is hiding, if the interpolating pixel after hiding Info is greater than 255, it is hiding that this interpolating pixel deducts the secret information realization; After having hidden interpolating pixels all in matrix by top method, continue next 5 * 5 matrixes, until hidden all interpolating pixels, obtain carrying close image.
3. the reversible hidden method based on the parabola interpolation image according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (3), (4) are extracted secret information and recovered the concrete steps of original image:
(01) determine and hide figure place
Obtain carrying close image and a parameter s, after T, using equally 5 * 5 matrix is unit, calculates parabola interpolation u and the average v of interpolating pixel according to hidden method, establishes d=u-v, if | d| is greater than T, order | d|=T; According to | d| obtains
therefore the figure place of hiding secret information in interpolating pixel is s+b;
(02) extract secret information
At first the interpolation that calculates interpolating pixel is y, and the pixel value after establishing interpolating pixel and hiding Info is y ', and hiding secret information c=|y ' in interpolating pixel-y|, convert c to s+b position binary system secret information, completes the extraction of this interpolating pixel; Extract secret informations all in 5 * 5 matrixes by hiding order, continue next 5 * 5 matrixes, until all interpolating pixels have all extracted, obtain whole secret informations;
(03) recover original image
In taking-up year close image, all row and columns are the pixel of even number, form new image, are original image.
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| CN110162986A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-23 | 广西赛联信息科技股份有限公司 | Reversible information hidden method based on adjacent pixel prediction model |
| CN110738592A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2020-01-31 | 淮阴工学院 | High-capacity reversible image watermarking algorithm based on multi-scale decomposition and interpolation expansion |
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| CN105430228A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-23 | 广西师范大学 | Reversible information hiding method for code groups |
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| CN106056549A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-26 | 广西师范大学 | Hidden image restoration method based on pixel classification |
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| CN106210731B (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-11-02 | 兰州理工大学 | Coloured image reversible data concealing method based on bicubic interpolation extension |
| CN106210731A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-07 | 兰州理工大学 | Coloured image reversible data concealing method based on bicubic interpolation extension |
| CN106777061A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Information hiding system, method and extracting method based on web page text and image |
| CN106777061B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-04-07 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Information hiding system and method based on webpage text and image and extraction method |
| CN107682583A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-02-09 | 广西师范大学 | It is a kind of towards ciphertext graph as the random interpolation method of Information hiding |
| CN107682583B (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2019-03-08 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of random interpolation method towards ciphertext image Information hiding |
| CN109800585A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-05-24 | 王继军 | A kind of image interpolation space completely reversibility separates ciphertext domain Information Hiding Algorithms |
| CN110162986A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-23 | 广西赛联信息科技股份有限公司 | Reversible information hidden method based on adjacent pixel prediction model |
| CN110738592A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2020-01-31 | 淮阴工学院 | High-capacity reversible image watermarking algorithm based on multi-scale decomposition and interpolation expansion |
| CN110738592B (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2020-08-25 | 淮阴工学院 | High-capacity reversible image watermarking algorithm based on multi-scale decomposition and interpolation expansion |
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