CN103492314A - Catalyzed hydroxylamine preparation - Google Patents
Catalyzed hydroxylamine preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103492314A CN103492314A CN201280019824.2A CN201280019824A CN103492314A CN 103492314 A CN103492314 A CN 103492314A CN 201280019824 A CN201280019824 A CN 201280019824A CN 103492314 A CN103492314 A CN 103492314A
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- azanol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C251/00—Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C251/32—Oximes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C249/00—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C249/04—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of oximes
- C07C249/08—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of oximes by reaction of hydroxylamines with carbonyl compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/14—Hydroxylamine; Salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/14—Hydroxylamine; Salts thereof
- C01B21/1409—Preparation
- C01B21/1418—Preparation by catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides or nitrates with hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D201/00—Preparation, separation, purification or stabilisation of unsubstituted lactams
- C07D201/02—Preparation of lactams
- C07D201/04—Preparation of lactams from or via oximes by Beckmann rearrangement
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/68—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D211/72—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/74—Oxygen atoms
- C07D211/76—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 6
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D227/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, according to more than one of groups C07D203/00 - C07D225/00
- C07D227/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, according to more than one of groups C07D203/00 - C07D225/00 with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D227/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, according to more than one of groups C07D203/00 - C07D225/00 with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D227/08—Oxygen atoms
- C07D227/087—One doubly-bound oxygen atom in position 2, e.g. lactams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/18—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a ring being at least seven-membered
- C07C2601/20—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a ring being at least seven-membered the ring being twelve-membered
Abstract
Method for preparing hydroxylamine in a continuous process, comprising hydrogenating nitrate in a reaction zone comprising a liquid phase, a gas phase and a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, in which reaction zone hydroxylamine and nitrous oxide (N2O) are formed, characterized in that the nitrous oxide concentration in the gas phase, is monitored and is maintained within a predetermined range by means of controlled addition of a promoter for the heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst and/or controlled addition of further amounts of heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst to the reaction zone; a method for preparing an oxime and a method of preparing a lactam comprising said method for preparing hydroxylamine.
Description
The present invention relates to prepare the method for azanol in successive processes, also relate to the method for preparing oxime and the method for preparing lactan.
Azanol (following also referred to as " HYAM ") is the common agents in countless organic reactions and inorganic reaction.It is particularly suitable for oxime, particularly in the preparation of cyclohexanone-oxime, wherein oxime, hexanolactam be reset and be converted to cyclohexanone-oxime can through Beckmann subsequently particularly.The Beckmann rearrangement process that is used for preparing hexanolactam is known in the art, such as at Ullmann ' s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, as the 7th edition (2005) (DOI:10.1002/14356007.a05.031) in.Described other oximes that use azanol to prepare, they comprise cyclododecanone oxime (as EP-A1329448) and Diacetylmonoxime.
The method for preparing azanol is also as known in the art.And, delivered the patent of many pieces of writing about this theme.For example GB-A1287303 and US5364609 relate in phosphate buffer solution with molecular hydrogen and reduce the method for nitrate.
DSM's
cyclohexanone-oxime technique (referring to for example H.J.Damme, J.T.van Goolen and A.H.de Rooij, Cyclohexanone oxime made without byproduct (NH
4)
28O
4on July 10th, 1972, the 54/55th page of Chemical Engineering, perhaps Ullmann ' s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (2005), the 6/7th page, under the Chapter Caprolactam) utilized the liquid (inorganic liquid and organic liquid) of two kinds of recycles, carried out a plurality of reactions and operation in these liquid.Inorganic liquid, comprise the aqueous solution of phosphoric acid and ammonium nitrate, is fed in hydrogenation reactor, in this reactor, produces azanol.Through with the hydrogen reduction nitrate ion, forming azanol, this process is by heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst (carbon is as the palladium-containing catalyst of carrier) catalysis.In general, in order to improve the performance of catalyzer, add the promotor for heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst.
In the gas-liquid reaction device, gaseous hydrogen contacts with the inorganic liquid containing nitrate ion of circulation, also with buffering acid, with catalyzer, contacts.Hydrogeneous gas phase circulates by recycle compressor in whole bubbling column reactor.Fresh hydrogen is fed in recycle gas, discharges to keep constant hydrogen partial pressure from system on a small quantity.Gaseous by-product nitrogen (the N that removes the inertia gaseous component in fresh hydrogen and generate by gas purging
2) and nitrous oxide (N
2o).
By ultra-large type (Mammoth) pump principle, make solution-air suspension from inflation reactor (gassed reactor) partly, through gas-liquid separator circulation, arrive the filter post (filter candles) filtration fraction, and remove the heat of reaction via heat exchanger, then get back to inflation reactor part.
Then, the inorganic liquid obtained after filtering is contacted to the mixture that this organic liquid is toluene and pimelinketone with organic liquid in the oximate part.Herein, pimelinketone almost changes into cyclohexanone-oxime quantitatively.The organic phase containing cyclohexanone-oxime that distillation obtains reclaims toluene.
Thoroughly purifying leaves the inorganic liquid of oximate part, protects the catalyzer of hydroxylamine reactor.This can be by with the realization of getting off: the toluene extraction, then use steam stripped.In stripping tower, also removed and prepared the water that azanol generates together with when cyclohexanone-oxime.A small amount of ammonia by product is still stayed in solution, but passes through at nitrous gases (NO
2mixture with NO) change into nitrogen in resorber, prevent from gathering.
Finally, the consumption of nitrate deserves redress.Nitrous gases required in this process generates in the ammonia fuel element.
WO98/18717A1 has described the method for producing azanol by the catalytic reduction nitrate ion, and has mentioned by with pimelinketone, reacting and produce subsequently cyclohexanone-oxime.This patent has been instructed the selectivity that can strengthen palladium or platinum reducing catalyst by mixing a small amount of halogen.
EP0773189A1 has also described the method for this production azanol, cyclohexanone-oxime.And, mentioned the rearrangement of cyclohexanone-oxime to hexanolactam.This patent has instructed wherein platinum and the essentially identical nitrate reduction catalyzer of palladium concentration to cause selectivity to improve.
EP1275616A1 has also described the method for producing azanol by the catalytic reduction nitrate ion.By Exhaust Gas mixture from reaction, remove non-hydrogen compound and will be rich in being recycled to mutually in reaction of hydrogen from this air-flow, the efficiency of system improves.
US5155081 described the catalyzer of platinum on graphite with and purposes in the method for producing azanol, described method is by the reduction of nitrous oxide gas rather than produce azanol from nitrate solution.This patent recognizes, after for some time, selectivity of catalyst reduces, as N in Exhaust Gas
2shown in the increase of O.
By people, known decades although prepare azanol by nitrate, and the mode of improving known preparation method thoroughly studied in these years, known industrial technology at present, normally, still there are all drawbacks in continuous processing.
Particularly, in known continuation method, for the selectivity that changes into azanol (azanol selectivity), reduction in time is a problem.In addition, heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst slowly loses activity.This causes, and in order to keep identical azanol throughput rate, need to form wherein the charging that increases initial compounds (nitrate, hydrogen) in the reactor of azanol.This is not only disadvantageous, does not get transformed into azanol because of the loss of valuable parent material, and causes one or more by products of not expecting.Therefore, need to make up the selectivity of heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst in the reaction of producing azanol and active reduction.This can realize by adding heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst and/or adding for the promotor of this catalyzer usually.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing azanol in successive processes, and it can be used as the alternative method of currently known methods, and the method for the one or more shortcomings (example is as mentioned above) that overcome currently known methods is provided particularly.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing azanol, with the traditional method operated in identical production unit, compare, the method is produced less by product, especially less ammonia (must convert it into nitrogen with expensive nitrous gases) and water (must remove through pervaporation).
More specifically, an object of the present invention is to compare with the traditional method operated in identical production unit, with the azanol selectivity of improving, keep target azanol throughput rate to prepare azanol simultaneously.With the traditional method operated in identical production unit, compare, this contributes to method more friendly on environment and more cheap method.
Obviously found out one or more other purposes that can realize by the present invention by following description.
Now be surprisingly found out that one or more can the realization by the following in these purposes: prepare therein in the successive processes of azanol and add hydrogenation catalyst or promotor with specific controlled way.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of method for preparing azanol in successive processes, it is included in hydrogenation nitrate in the conversion zone that contains liquid phase, gas phase and heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, forms azanol and nitrous oxide (N in this conversion zone
2o), it is characterized in that monitoring the concentration of nitrous oxide in gas phase and by controllably adding to conversion zone for the promotor of described heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst and/or the mode of controllably adding the heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst of further amount to conversion zone, the concentration of nitrous oxide described in described gas phase maintained in pre-determined range.
Have been found that, by the concentration based on nitrous oxide in gas phase in conversion zone, while controlling the interpolation of promotor in the process of successive processes and/or hydrogenation catalyst, with the method according to prior art, compare, the mode that can simultaneously maintain long azanol throughput rate with good selectivity is produced azanol, as mentioned above.
In addition, the method according to this invention advantageously needs the initial compounds of the amount of hanging down (nitrate, hydrogen).
In addition, have been found that the amount that can reduce the by product (for example ammonia) of not expecting according to the present invention.
Have been found that and do not measure N in gas phase
2the method of O concentration is compared, and can reduce to the selectivity decline in time of the nitrate hydrogenation of azanol production reaction.
It is favourable having been found that the method according to this invention with respect to the carbon footprint for preparing azanol, make such as
technique is even better than in the past.
While using herein, unless otherwise specified outside, the term "or" refer to " and/or ".
While using herein, unless otherwise specified outside, term " a kind of " (a or an) refers to " at least one ".
Unless otherwise specified, for example, when mentioning ' noun ' (compound, additive) with singulative, also comprise its plural connotation.
While using herein, " azanol selectivity " (to producing the selectivity of azanol) is defined as follows: the amount of the azanol produced in conversion zone is divided by the H consumed in conversion zone
+half amount, resulting mol ratio.
Herein, the activity of catalyzer is defined as the grams of the azanol that every gram catalyzer per hour produced.In other words, active relevant with the throughput rate of azanol.
While using herein, the weight of catalyzer refers to the dry weight of catalyzer, comprises the weight of active catalytic material any support thereon.
The preparation of azanol can be suitably carried out in known being used for prepares the flow reactor of azanol.In one embodiment, reaction is carried out in the reactor that well-mixed gas/liquid system is provided.This system is known in the art, and comprises stirred-tank reactor, common loop reactor, external loop reactor and bubbling column reactor.One preferred embodiment in, use bubbling column reactor.Particularly, use the bubbling column reactor with outside gas lift (gas-lift), obtained good result.
In conversion zone, concentration or the concentration derivative parameter (for example concentration ratio of material) of material in liquid phase can be determined by following: location parameter in the sample that picks up from the treatment liq of leaving conversion zone.
According to hydrogenation catalyst used in the present invention, can be to be applicable to catalysis to be prepared any catalyzer of azanol by nitrate in principle.Various catalyzer are well known in the art.Particularly, hydrogenation catalyst can be metal catalyst.Preferably, heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst is containing the catalyzer of palladium or the catalyzer of platiniferous, preferably contains the catalyzer of palladium.Particularly, adopt containing the catalyzer of palladium and realized good result.Other catalytic species that can comprise the hydrogenation that a small amount of one or more can catalysis nitrate containing the catalyzer of palladium.If use the catalyzer containing palladium, the weight of the whole catalyzer based on comprising any carrier, it usually comprises and is less than 2 % by weight, is less than 0.2 % by weight, more specifically 0.02 % by weight or other metals still less particularly.An example of this metal that can exist particularly is platinum.
Catalyzer is provided on carrier usually.Specifically, heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst comprises carbon support.The palladium-containing catalyst of employing on carbon support, realized good result.
Usually, catalyzer has the promotor for this catalyzer.Usually, promotor is selected from the group of germanium oxide (IV), Cadmium oxide, Indium sesquioxide and stannic oxide (IV).Preferably, it is germanium oxide (IV).As required, can the random time in preparing the method for azanol add promotor.
Improve the activity of hydrogenation catalyst for the promotor (being also referred to as activator) of hydrogenation catalyst, but they itself do not have catalytic activity usually.In principle, can use any promotor of the activity that is suitable for improving hydrogenation catalyst.
As above mention, according to the present invention, promotor or hydrogenation catalyst can be continuously or are joined off and on conversion zone.Add promotor to be particularly advantageous in to improve azanol throughput rate in the conversion zone product rate of every kg catalyzer (take be unit), because it has improved the activity of the catalyzer in conversion zone Already in.Add hydrogenation catalyst to be particularly advantageous in and improve the azanol throughput rate, and do not damage selectivity.If necessary, can add promotor and hydrogenation catalyst simultaneously.Preferably, catalyzer adds together with promotor, and also can add promotor valuably and not add catalyzer.
For the palladium catalyst of carbon-support, GeO
2: the weight ratio of Pd/C is generally 0.001 to 0.01.Preferably, this weight ratio is 0.002 to 0.008, more preferably 0.004 to 0.006.
One preferred embodiment in, a kind of following method is provided, the temperature that wherein (a) will carry out hydrogenation is brought up to the second temperature from the first temperature, thereby maintain target azanol throughput rate, (b) add promotor and/or heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, then (c) is reduced to the 3rd temperature lower than the second temperature by temperature, thereby maintains the azanol throughput rate, and (d) then repeatedly repeat (a), (b) and (c).
For the throughput rate by azanol remains on gratifying horizontal the preceding paragraph time, little by little or gradient ground carry out the adjusting (for example with approximately the increment of 0.5 to 2 ℃) of temperature.The number of times repeated not is crucial; It depends on the time of production run.It can be 2 times or more, 10 times or more or 25 times or more.It can be 10000 times or still less, 1000 times or still less, 100 times or still less or 50 times or still less.
The embodiment that wherein regulates temperature is particularly advantageous in highly selective and keeps the azanol throughput rate to produce azanol simultaneously.
In a particularly preferred method, too low if the azanol throughput rate becomes, so that can not maintain target azanol throughput rate the time, carry out in chronological order following adjusting:
1) if temperature, lower than predetermined maximum temperature, is brought up to comparatively high temps by temperature in conversion zone, thereby improve throughput rate;
2) if the concentration of nitrous oxide, in predetermined scope, adds promotor, thereby improve throughput rate;
3) if temperature has reached predetermined maximum temperature and the concentration of nitrous oxide exceeds pre-determined range, add catalyzer (usually being combined with promotor).
4) higher than target throughput rate if throughput rate becomes, reduce temperature.
This embodiment is particularly advantageous in highly selective and keeps the azanol throughput rate to produce azanol simultaneously.In addition, have been found that in this method, similar with the method according to this invention and wherein keep the method for the constant concentration of nitrous oxide to compare, usually use less promotor.
Azanol usually in the scope of 20 to 70 ℃, preferably in the scope of 30 to 60 ℃, at the temperature in the scope of 35 to 55 ℃, prepare particularly.Therefore, the predetermined minimum temperature of mentioning herein or maximum temperature can be selected from any above-mentioned scope particularly, prerequisite be predetermined maximum temperature be generally at least 35 ℃, preferably in the scope of 40 to 60 ℃, particularly in the scope of 45 to 55 ℃.
One preferred embodiment in, a kind of following method is provided, wherein supplement above-mentioned steps (a) to (d) or alternative above-mentioned steps (a) to (d), (e) the hydrogen dividing potential drop that will carry out hydrogenation is brought up to the second pressure from the first pressure, thereby maintain the azanol throughput rate, until reach the second hydrogen dividing potential drop, (f) add promotor and/or heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, then (g) is after adding described promotor and/or catalyzer, the hydrogen dividing potential drop is reduced to the 3rd pressure lower than the second pressure, to maintain target azanol throughput rate, and then (h) repeatedly repeats (e), (f) and (g).
For the throughput rate by azanol remains on gratifying horizontal the preceding paragraph time, little by little or gradient ground carry out the adjusting (for example with every step approximately 0.5 to 2MPa increment) of hydrogen dividing potential drop.The number of times repeated not is crucial; It depends on the time of production run.It can be 2 times or more, 10 times or more or 25 times or more.It can be 10000 times or still less, 1000 times or still less, 100 times or still less or 50 times or still less.
Can be in a manner known way and concentration (hydrogen dividing potential drop) hydrogen is fed in conversion zone.Preferably, pressure be at least about 0.5MPa, more preferably at least about 1.0MPa.In general, hydrogen pressure is 1000MPa or less.Therefore, in preparing azanol, regulate in the embodiment of hydrogen dividing potential drop, the hydrogen dividing potential drop is selected in 0.5 to 10MPa scope usually, particularly in 0.8 to 2.5MPa scope.
Preferably, in the step (b) repeated arbitrarily or (f), can add heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, also can add promotor, or not only add heterogeneous catalyst but also add promotor.Yet more preferably, the method comprises the method steps that wherein promotor and heterogeneous catalyst add simultaneously.
One preferred embodiment in, hydrogenation selectivity by from nitrate to azanol maintains in pre-determined range, it is realized in the following manner: if reach predetermined minimum production speed improve the ratio of promotor and heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst in conversion zone, and if reach the ratio that predetermined minimum selectivity reduces promotor and heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst in conversion zone.
Preferably, the weight of promotor and catalyzer and weight ratio maintain in 2 to 7mg/g scope, particularly in 2.5 to 6mg/g scope, more specifically in 3 to 5mg/g scope.
Usually can be by measure the N in the gas phase purged out from conversion zone
2o concentration, suitably monitor nitrous oxide (N
2o) concentration, and hold it in pre-determined range.
As known as itself in this area, in gas phase, the monitoring of the concentration of nitrous oxide can realize with the detector for nitrous oxide in gases.
When the concentration of nitrous oxide exceeds predetermined scope, promotor and/or heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst are joined in conversion zone.This can manually complete, or completes with automated manner.In the situation that complete with automated manner, if exceed pre-determined range, control unit will send signal to sample injection unit and come sample introduction promotor or catalyzer.
Can add continuously promotor or catalyzer.Preferably intermittently add promotor and/or catalyzer.In the situation that promotor and catalyzer be during the two is added into the process of present method, they can add simultaneously or add in the mode basically replaced.Alternately add and comprise that one or many is (each general by reaching predetermined maximum N after adding promotor
2o concentration triggers), it is (each general by reaching predetermined maximum N that one or many adds catalyzer
2o concentration triggers), then one or many adds promotor (at every turn generally by reaching predetermined maximum N
2o concentration triggers).
Usually, in gas phase the concentration of nitrous oxide maintain 0 to 1 volume %, particularly 0.01 to 0.5 volume %, more specifically 0.05 to 0.3 volume %, the most particularly in the scope of 0.08 to 0.2 volume %.The cumulative volume of volume % based on gas phase of nitrous oxide.
The concentration of nitrous oxide is to measure the air-flow from leaving reactor, and shows well in measured numeral (figure).This need not equate with the concentration of nitrous oxide in reactor.In practice, some exit gass can be recycled, so that nitrous oxide recirculation is got back in reactor.
Advantageously, if add catalyzer, particularly at carbon support, the palladium-containing catalyst on activated carbon support preferably, the amount of the catalyzer added in arbitrary steps so in any suitable scope, for example every dosage 1 to 100kg catalyzer, for example every dosage 10 to 90kg catalyzer, more specifically every dosage 20 to 80kg catalyzer, approximately every dosage 50kg catalyzer for example.Advantageously, if add promotor, GeO particularly
2, the amount that exceeds so the promotor added in the situation of peak concentration of predetermined nitrous oxide in the scope of every dosage 10 to 1000g promotors, particularly in the scope of every dosage 50 to 500g promotors, more specifically every dosage 75 to 300g promotors, approximately every dosage 140g promotor for example.
Advantageously, on average, the institute altogether added in the method according to this invention in working time at single add promotor and add the weight of catalyzer and weight ratio in the scope of every g catalyzer 0.5 to 50mg promotor, particularly in the scope of every g catalyzer 1 to 20mg promotor, more specifically in the scope of every g catalyzer 2 to 10mg promotors.Particularly, for comprising Pd and GeO
2as the catalyzer of promotor, described ratio preferably in 2 to 8mg/g scope, particularly in 2.5 to 7mg/g scope, more specifically in 3 to 6mg/g scope.
According to the present invention, can in wide scope, select the concentration of nitrate.Usually, in conversion zone, the concentration of nitrate is 2mol/kg or less, 1.0mol/kg or less particularly, and the concentration of nitrate is measured in leaving the liquid of conversion zone.One preferred embodiment in, the concentration of nitrate is 0.9mol/kg or less, 0.8mol/kg or less particularly.Adopt approximately 0.70 or during the concentration of less nitrate, obtained particularly preferred result.Usually, the concentration of nitrate is 0.3mol/kg at least, 0.4mol/kg at least particularly.Preferably, the concentration of nitrate is 0.45mol/kg at least, 0.50mol/kg at least more preferably.
Usually, hydrogenation is carried out in phosphate buffer solution.Phosphoric acid salt provides with phosphoric acid or hydrophosphate (its pH that can regulate phosphoric acid solution as oxyhydroxide or ammonia by the alkali with suitable forms) form usually.Nitrate and phosphatic mol ratio are generally at least 0.05, preferably at least 0.10.For at least 0.15, more specifically at least 0.20 the time, obtained excellent result at this ratio.Nitrate and phosphatic mol ratio be preferably 0.40 or still less, particularly 0.35 or still less, more specifically 0.30 or still less.
Can be in a manner known way and concentration (hydrogen pressure) hydrogen is fed in conversion zone.Preferably, pressure be at least about 0.5MPa, more preferably at least about 1.0MPa.In general, hydrogen pressure is 10MPa or less.
In a favourable embodiment, be chosen in the buffering ratio in specified range.Buffering is than being defined as herein:
([H
+]+[HYAM])/[phosphoric acid salt]
Wherein:
[H
+]=H in leaving the waterborne liquid of conversion zone
+volumetric molar concentration, in mol/kg;
[HYAM]=concentration of azanol in leaving the waterborne liquid of conversion zone, in mol/kg; And
[phosphoric acid salt]=in leaving the waterborne liquid of conversion zone, phosphoric acid salt (comprises with H
3pO
4, monohydric phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate the phosphoric acid salt of form) total concn, in mol/kg,
[H
+], [HYAM] and [phosphoric acid salt] concentration all the equilibrium titration by a sample as the mensuration of getting off: thereby obtain [the H of the first trim point (under about 4.2 pH) from the liquid sample of conversion zone with the NaOH aqueous solution titration of 0.25N under 25 ℃
+] concentration (" free acid "); Then to the acetone that adds molar excess in this sample, azanol is changed into to oxime and H
+, and continuing equilibrium titration, thereby reach subsequently three further isocenters, first correspondence is from the free acid of azanol (and therefore sampling in [HYAM] value); Second value that [phosphoric acid salt] is provided, last provides the value of ammonia.But, the value that does not need back herein.
Especially for the simultaneously relatively high throughput of low crystallization risk, buffering than preferably in 0.4 to 0.8 scope, particularly in 0.45 to 0.70 scope, more specifically in 0.50 to 0.65mol/mol scope.
H in reaction
+volumetric molar concentration usually in 0.1 to 1mol/kg scope, particularly in 0.4 to 0.8mol/kg scope, more specifically in 0.50 to 0.65mol/kg scope.
The present invention also provides the method for preparing oxime, and it comprises azanol and the alkane reactive ketone that the method according to this invention is obtained, particularly with the alkane reactive ketone of the group of selecting pimelinketone, cyclododecanone and butanone.
(ring-type) oxime obtained according to the present invention particularly can be for the preparation of lactan.This can reset by Beckmann in a manner known way.
Therefore, the cyclohexanone-oxime obtained according to the present invention can the method for the preparation of hexanolactam in.Therefore, the invention still further relates to the method for preparing hexanolactam, the method comprises the cyclohexanone-oxime that the method according to this invention is obtained and carries out the Beckmann rearrangement, thereby forms hexanolactam.The preparation of hexanolactam can be carried out in a manner known way, and for example in the above described in definite prior art, its content relevant with suitable condition is incorporated to this paper by reference.
Similarly, in an embodiment of the invention, by following method, obtain laurolactam, the method comprises the cyclododecanone oxime will obtained according to the present invention and carries out the Beckmann rearrangement, thereby forms laurolactam.This preparation process also can be carried out in a manner known way.
Preparation (ring-type) oxime is incorporated in single factory usually such as the method for cyclohexanone-oxime and the method for preparing lactan such as hexanolactam by it if necessary, wherein in continuous process, prepares azanol, oxime and lactan if necessary.
Present method illustrates by following embodiment, but is not limited to embodiment.
Comparative Examples
Azanol production is at the existing gas lift loop reactor of comprising
in factory, carry out, this reactor has inflation rising part, liquid-gas separate part, gas re-circulation part, using the part circulating liquid as aqueous product solution from the filtration fraction containing separating the liquid reactor of heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst.The concentration of aqueous treatment liquid (leaving the aqueous treatment liquid of the conversion zone of nitrate hydrogenation reactor) has just been left the described aqueous treatment solution exit of filtration fraction and has been measured, and concentration there is very corresponding to the concentration in conversion zone.Be fed in reactor by fresh hydrogen and adopt gas purging, so that maintain about 1.5MPa in the hydrogen dividing potential drop of the top area of reactor.Average reactor temperature maintains about 35 ℃.Use the Pd/C (gac) of 10 % by weight as heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst.Use GeO
2as promotor.Target azanol throughput rate is maintained at the level of annual about 46500 tons of azanols.
The composition of aqueous treatment liquid that leaves the conversion zone of nitrate hydrogenation reactor remains as follows:
After the nitrate hydrogenation reactor starts, catalyst content is 800kg Pd/C (dry weight with catalyzer is calculated), and the amount of the promotor of supplying with when starting is 2.24kg GeO
2.
After the nitrate hydrogenation reactor starts, calculate the nitrate hydrogenation reactor and start the selectivity that rear nitrate transformation becomes the hydrogenation of azanol, be approximately 85.9%.
During this production run, in the time can't reaching again target azanol throughput rate, add the GeO of multiple batches of every batch of 140 grams
2, and add rear GeO at every turn
2with the ratio of catalyzer, remain on lower than 9 gram GeO in every kg Pd/C catalyzer (dry weight with catalyzer is calculated)
2.But, once GeO
2with the ratio of catalyzer higher than 9 gram GeO in every kg Pd/C catalyzer (dry weight with catalyzer is calculated)
2and can't reach again target azanol throughput rate, by a collection of 50kg Pd/C catalyzer (dry weight with catalyzer is calculated) and 140 gram GeO
2join together in the nitrate hydrogenation reactor.
After 12 months by a definite date, stop production run.At that time, nitrate has dropped to about 79.8% to the selectivity of the hydrogenation of azanol.The total amount (amount that comprises the catalyzer added while starting) that joins the catalyzer of nitrate hydrogenation reactor is 2550Pd/C (dry weight with catalyzer is calculated), and the total amount of the promotor of supplying with (amount that comprises the promotor added while starting) is 22.96kgGeO
2.
In this production run, nitrate is per month about 0.5% to the optionally average attenuation of the hydrogenation of azanol.
When comparing with embodiment, this Comparative Examples shows, does not monitor N in gas phase when prepared by azanol
2o concentration can cause nitrate significantly to be decayed to the selectivity of the hydrogenation of azanol.
Embodiment 1
Azanol is produced identical with equipment described in Comparative Examples
in factory, carry out.Except the condition of clearly mentioning, all process conditions are with identical in Comparative Examples.Similarly, use the Pd/C (gac) of 10 % by weight as catalyzer, use GeO
2as promotor.Target azanol throughput rate maintains the level of annual about 46500 tons of azanols.
After the nitrate hydrogenation reactor starts, catalyst content is 800kg Pd/C (dry weight with catalyzer is calculated), and the amount of the promotor of supplying with when starting is 2.24kg GeO
2.
After the nitrate hydrogenation reactor starts, calculate the selectivity that nitrate transformation becomes the hydrogenation of azanol, be approximately 86.0%.
In this production run, use the concentration of nitrous oxide in gas phase (leaving the gas at hydrogenation reactor top) as instrument, determine the amount of the promotor that will in batches add and/or the amount of promotor and catalyzer.
In this production run, in the time can't reaching again target azanol throughput rate to the GeO that adds multiple batches of every batch of 140 grams in the nitrate hydrogenation reactor
2, and add the concentration of an oxidation dioxy in rear gas phase to remain on lower than 0.3 volume % at every turn.But, once in gas phase oxidation two oxygen concns higher than 0.3 volume % and can't reach again target azanol throughput rate, by a collection of 50kg Pd/C catalyzer (dry weight with catalyzer is calculated) and 140 gram GeO
2join together in the nitrate hydrogenation reactor.
After 18 months by a definite date, stop production run.At that time, nitrate has dropped to about 80.5% to the selectivity of the hydrogenation of azanol.The total amount (amount that comprises the catalyzer added while starting) that joins the catalyzer of nitrate hydrogenation reactor is 2800Pd/C (dry weight with catalyzer is calculated), and the total amount of the promotor of supplying with (amount that comprises the promotor added while starting) is 19.74kg GeO
2.
In this production run, nitrate is per month about 0.3% to the optionally average attenuation of the hydrogenation of azanol.
Embodiment 1 shows, N in monitoring gas phase when prepared by azanol
2o concentration also keeps N
2o concentration can cause nitrate to the less decay of the selectivity of the hydrogenation of azanol within the specific limits.
Embodiment 2
Repeat embodiment 1, but different in the following areas.
After the nitrate hydrogenation reactor starts, calculate the selectivity that nitrate transformation becomes the hydrogenation of azanol, be approximately 85.7%.
In this production run, in the time can't reaching again target azanol throughput rate, to the GeO that adds multiple batches of every batch of 140 grams in the nitrate hydrogenation reactor
2and add in rear residue gas phase oxidation two oxygen concns lower than 0.2 volume % at every turn.But, once in gas phase oxidation two oxygen concns higher than 0.2 volume % and can't reach again target azanol throughput rate, by a collection of 50kg PD/C catalyzer (dry weight with catalyzer is calculated) and 140 gram GeO
2join together in the nitrate hydrogenation reactor.
After 10 months by a definite date, stop production run.At that time, nitrate has dropped to about 83.6% to the selectivity of the hydrogenation of azanol.The total amount (amount that comprises the catalyzer added while starting) that joins the catalyzer of nitrate hydrogenation reactor is 2900Pd/C (dry weight with catalyzer is calculated), and the total amount of the promotor of supplying with (amount that comprises the promotor added while starting) is 14.56kg GeO
2.
In this production run, nitrate is per month about 0.2% to the optionally average attenuation of the hydrogenation of azanol.
Embodiment 2 shows, N in monitoring gas phase when prepared by azanol
2o concentration also keeps N
2o concentration can cause nitrate to the less decay of the selectivity of the hydrogenation of azanol within the specific limits.
Claims (15)
1. a method for preparing azanol in successive processes, it is included in hydrogenation nitrate in the conversion zone that contains liquid phase, gas phase and heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, forms azanol and nitrous oxide (N in described conversion zone
2o), it is characterized in that monitoring the concentration of nitrous oxide described in described gas phase and by controllably adding to described conversion zone for the promotor of described heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst and/or the mode of controllably adding the heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst of further amount to described conversion zone, the concentration of nitrous oxide described in described gas phase maintained in pre-determined range.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein maintain 0 to 1 volume %, 0.01 to 0.5 volume %, more specifically 0.05 to 0.3 volume %, 0.08 to 0.2 volume % the most particularly particularly in the concentration of nitrous oxide described in described gas phase.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst is palladium-containing catalyst or catalyst made from platonic, is preferably palladium-containing catalyst.
4. method as described as any one in the claim of front, wherein said heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst comprises carbon support.
5. method as described as any one in the claim of front, wherein said promotor is selected from the group of germanium oxide (IV), Cadmium oxide, Indium sesquioxide and stannic oxide (IV), is preferably germanium oxide (IV).
6. method as described as any one in the claim of front, wherein said promotor and/or heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst are intermittent the interpolations.
7. method as described as any one in the claim of front, the temperature that wherein (a) will carry out hydrogenation is brought up to the second temperature from the first temperature, thereby maintain target azanol throughput rate, (b) add promotor and/or heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, then (c) is reduced to the 3rd temperature lower than described the second temperature by described temperature, thereby maintain described azanol throughput rate, and (d) then repeatedly repeat (a), (b) and (c).
8. method as described as any one in the claim of front, the hydrogen dividing potential drop that wherein (e) will carry out described hydrogenation is brought up to the second pressure from the first pressure, thereby maintain described azanol throughput rate, until reach the second hydrogen dividing potential drop, (f) add promotor and/or heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, then (g) is after adding described promotor and/or catalyzer, described hydrogen dividing potential drop is reduced to the 3rd pressure lower than described the second pressure, to maintain described target azanol throughput rate, and then (h) repeatedly repeats (e), (f) and (g).
9. as claim 7 or method claimed in claim 8, wherein, in the step (b) repeated arbitrarily or (f), add heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst or promotor, or add heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst and promotor the two.
10. method as described as any one in the claim of front, it comprises the method steps that wherein promotor and heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst add simultaneously.
11. method as described as any one in the claim of front, wherein by nitrate, the hydrogenation selectivity to azanol maintains in pre-determined range, it is realized in the following manner: if reach predetermined minimum production speed improve the ratio of promotor and heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst in described conversion zone, and if reach predetermined minimum selectivity reduce the ratio of promotor and heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst in described conversion zone.
12. method as described as any one in the claim of front, described in wherein said gas phase, the concentration of nitrous oxide is monitored the gas phase purged out from described conversion zone.
13. the method for the preparation of oxime, it comprises the described method of any one in claim 1 to 12, then by described azanol and alkane reactive ketone, particularly with the alkane reactive ketone that is selected from pimelinketone, cyclododecanone and butanone.
14. the method for the preparation of lactan, it comprises the described method of claim 13, and wherein said alkane ketone is that naphthenone and described oxime are cycloalkanone oximes, then described cycloalkanone oxime is carried out to the Beckmann rearrangement.
15. method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said cycloalkanone oxime is that cyclohexanone-oxime and described lactan are hexanolactam; Perhaps wherein said cycloalkanone oxime is that cyclododecanone oxime and described lactan are laurolactam.
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|---|---|---|---|
| EP11163583 | 2011-04-22 | ||
| EP11163583.5 | 2011-04-22 | ||
| PCT/EP2012/056924 WO2012143331A1 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2012-04-16 | Catalyzed hydroxylamine preparation |
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| CN103492314A true CN103492314A (en) | 2014-01-01 |
| CN103492314B CN103492314B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
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|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR20140024872A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103492314B (en) |
| TW (1) | TW201247528A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012143331A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5155081A (en) * | 1990-07-18 | 1992-10-13 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Platinum-on-graphite catalysts |
| CN1241165A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 2000-01-12 | Dsm有限公司 | Process for preparing hydroxylammonium salts |
| CN1051525C (en) * | 1995-11-10 | 2000-04-19 | Dsm有限公司 | Process for preparation of hydroxylammonium salts |
| CN101058550A (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2007-10-24 | 巨化集团公司锦纶厂 | Preparation method for diacetylmonoxime |
| CN101745392A (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2010-06-23 | 中国石油化学工业开发股份有限公司 | Catalyst composition for preparing hydroxylammonium salt |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1767113C2 (en) * | 1968-04-03 | 1981-10-15 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Process for the production of hydroxylammonium sulfate |
| NL135679C (en) | 1968-11-12 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| NL9201064A (en) | 1992-06-16 | 1994-01-17 | Dsm Nv | PROCESS FOR PREPARING AND PROCESSING A HYDROXYLAMMONIUM SALT SOLUTION. |
| BE1010719A3 (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1998-12-01 | Dsm Nv | Process for the preparation of hydroxylammonium. |
| EP1275616A1 (en) | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-15 | Dsm N.V. | Process for the preparation of hydroxylammonium |
| ES2410810T5 (en) | 2002-01-16 | 2022-02-18 | Ube Industries | Processes for producing laurolactam from cyclododecanone |
-
2012
- 2012-04-16 WO PCT/EP2012/056924 patent/WO2012143331A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-04-16 CN CN201280019824.2A patent/CN103492314B/en active Active
- 2012-04-16 KR KR1020137027596A patent/KR20140024872A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-04-20 TW TW101114132A patent/TW201247528A/en unknown
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5155081A (en) * | 1990-07-18 | 1992-10-13 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Platinum-on-graphite catalysts |
| CN1051525C (en) * | 1995-11-10 | 2000-04-19 | Dsm有限公司 | Process for preparation of hydroxylammonium salts |
| CN1241165A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 2000-01-12 | Dsm有限公司 | Process for preparing hydroxylammonium salts |
| CN101058550A (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2007-10-24 | 巨化集团公司锦纶厂 | Preparation method for diacetylmonoxime |
| CN101745392A (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2010-06-23 | 中国石油化学工业开发股份有限公司 | Catalyst composition for preparing hydroxylammonium salt |
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| WO2012143331A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 |
| KR20140024872A (en) | 2014-03-03 |
| TW201247528A (en) | 2012-12-01 |
| CN103492314B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
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