Novel graphite compound earthing material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to Grounding Technology of Modern Power System field, particularly relate to a kind of novel graphite compound earthing material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
System is the critical facility ensureing power equipment safety reliability service power ground.The earth electrode of existing power equipment mainly has the following disadvantages: (1) resistance to corrosion is poor.Common metal earth electrode estimates 20 years useful life, the even i.e. seriously corrosion in 3 ~ 5 years had.(2) cost is high.Copper earthing material cost height domestic application rate is low, galvanized steel have certain antiseptic effect, but price is also far above common iron.(3) not high with soil bonding tightness.Metallic ground body due to the hard fragility feature of itself, in laid processes with soil in conjunction with defective tightness, contact resistance is large and easily form the electrochemical corrosion of oxygen concentration difference.(4) inconvenience transport and construction.Metallic ground material weight is heavy, the large inconvenience of volume is transported and construction.(5) metal material subjects to theft destruction.Due to metal material secondary peddle be worth high, ground lead, ground connection box, earth electrode etc. suffer artificial theft, destruction repeatly.
Graphite material electric conductivity is excellent, has good plasticity and stability, is again good resistant material simultaneously, enriches China's reserves.Graphite material is widely used in the industrial circles such as smelting, battery.In Grounding Technology of Modern Power System field, cuboid and tubular graphite grounding module and graphite resistance reducing agent have become a kind of grounding reconstruction material.The Chinese patent of notification number CN1042077C " thunder-preventing graphite grounding device and making and construction method " thereof, the Chinese patent " anti-corrosion grounding module " of notification number CN201478468U, the Chinese patent " a kind of graphite grounding module " of publication No. CN102496790A, the Chinese patent " anti-thunderstrock grounding device of composite carbon material and manufacture method thereof " of publication number CN1110013A, the Chinese patent " manufacture method of low resistance earthing module material " of notification number CN1047881C, the Chinese patent " metal-graphite carthing body " of notification number CN2454912Y, the Chinese patent " grounding conductive concrete " of notification number CN1194930C, the Chinese patent " ground mould with physical resistance reducing agent " of notification number CN2845202Y, the Chinese patent " integrated connection formula expandable graphite nonmetal grounding device " of notification number CN2733631Y, Chinese patent of notification number CN101030458B " non-corrosive assembled grounding electrode and resistance-lowering material and production method " thereof etc. patents describe and is connected with metal by square or cylindrical graphite, imbed underground and can realize corrosion resistant ground connection.
Graphite also has application as resistance reducing agent material in electric power system ground connection, and the Chinese patent " long-effective corrosion-prevention physical resistance-reducing agent " of notification number CN101752021B, the Chinese patent " long service life, corrosion-proof, and electric resistance reducing agent for earthing (modified model) " of notification number CN100498978C, the Chinese patent " a kind of resistance reducing agent " of notification number CN100490020C, the Chinese patent " solid grounded resistance reducing agent and preparation method thereof " etc. of notification number CN1249730C describe the graphite resistance reducing agent for grounding reconstruction.
Graphite grounding module is due to problems such as production cost is high, fragility easy fracture, installation inconvenience, and actual popularization faces some difficulties; Graphite resistance reducing agent is because its poor stability, resistance reducing effect are limited, easily cause the shortcoming of the aspects such as metallic ground body burn into contaminated soil to make its application still be subject to a definite limitation.
Summary of the invention
For existing electric power system lightning-proof grounding body Problems existing, the invention provides a kind of corrosion-resistant, conductivity is good, pliability good, novel graphite compound earthing material with low cost and preparation method thereof.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
One, a novel graphite compound earthing material, its outward appearance is rope form or twisted wire shape, comprises the composite stone line of ink marker braid wrapped up outside composite stone line of ink marker inner core and composite stone line of ink marker inner core, wherein:
Composite stone line of ink marker inner core is the composite graphite wire harness of many first composite stone lines of ink marker formations or the single first composite stone line of ink marker, the first composite stone line of ink marker is obtained through twisting by the first composite stone ink ribbon, and the first described composite stone ink ribbon comprises upper and lower myrmekite layer of ink and the fibrous skeleton between upper and lower myrmekite layer of ink;
Composite stone line of ink marker braid is woven by the second composite stone line of ink marker and obtains, the second composite stone line of ink marker is obtained through twisting by the second composite stone ink ribbon, and the second described composite stone ink ribbon comprises upper and lower myrmekite layer of ink and the fibrous skeleton between upper and lower myrmekite layer of ink.
The fibrous skeleton between upper and lower myrmekite layer of ink of the first composite stone ink ribbon and the second composite stone ink ribbon mainly plays " skeleton " supporting role, and the described fibrous skeleton between upper and lower myrmekite layer of ink is one or more in organic fiber, inorfil and metallic fiber.The fibrous skeleton between upper and lower myrmekite layer of ink of the first composite stone ink ribbon and the second composite stone ink ribbon can be identical or different.
For strengthening the conductivity of composite stone line of ink marker inner core, a kind of preferred version is: the fibrous skeleton between upper and lower myrmekite layer of ink of the first composite stone ink ribbon at least comprises conductive fiber, described conductive fiber is one or more in metallic fiber, alloy fiber and conductive carbon fibre, and conductive fiber accounts for the ratio of fibrous skeleton depending on actual fabrication cost.If conductive fiber is conductive carbon fibre, then in the first composite stone ink ribbon, conductive carbon fibre preferred amount is no more than 2.
For strengthening the mechanical property of composite stone line of ink marker braid, a kind of preferred version is: the fibrous skeleton between upper and lower myrmekite layer of ink of the second composite stone ink ribbon at least comprises toughened fiber, described toughened fiber be preferably in Kafra fiber, carbon fiber and nickel fiber one or more, toughened fiber accounts for the ratio of fibrous skeleton depending on actual fabrication cost.In second composite stone ink ribbon, toughened fiber preferred amount is be no more than fibrous skeleton quantity 1/3.
Above-mentioned composite stone line of ink marker inner core is made up of 1 ~ 120 sub-thread first composite stone line of ink marker, and the sub-thread first composite stone line of ink marker quantity that composite stone line of ink marker inner core adopts is determined according to required graphite compound earthing material diameter.
Above-mentioned composite stone line of ink marker braid is woven by 12 ~ 64 sub-thread second composite stone lines of ink marker and forms.
The fibrous skeleton outer surface between upper and lower myrmekite layer of ink of above-mentioned first composite stone ink ribbon and the second composite stone ink ribbon is coated with adhesive phase.
Two, the preparation method of above-mentioned novel graphite compound earthing material, comprises step:
Step 1, roll-in is carried out to worm graphite and makes worm graphite paper, fibrous skeleton of arranging between two-layer worm graphite paper obtains the first composite graphite paper and the second composite graphite paper, first composite graphite paper is identical with the fibrous skeleton that the second composite graphite paper bag is drawn together or not identical, carry out roll-in to the first composite graphite paper and the second composite graphite paper, along fibrous skeleton, longitudinally cutting the first composite graphite paper and the second composite graphite paper obtain the first composite stone ink ribbon and the second composite stone ink ribbon respectively;
Step 2, carries out twisting to the first composite stone ink ribbon and the second composite graphite band respectively and obtains the sub-thread first composite stone line of ink marker and the sub-thread second composite stone line of ink marker;
Step 3, with the first composite stone line of ink marker for composite stone line of ink marker inner core, adopts braiding machine to be knitted to by the second composite stone line of ink marker outside composite stone line of ink marker inner core and obtains at least one deck composite graphite line braid.
Above-mentioned worm graphite can be adopted and obtain with the following method:
Successively acidifying is carried out to crystalline flake graphite and oxidation obtains expansible graphite, expansible graphite expanded 5 ~ 6s at 850 ~ 950 DEG C of temperature is obtained worm graphite.
Fibrous skeleton of arranging between two-layer worm graphite paper described in step 1 obtains the first composite graphite paper and the second composite graphite paper, and described fibrous skeleton is the fibrous skeleton of dipped adhesive.
In step 3, adopt single track braiding, double track braiding or many rails weaving manner to be knitted to outside composite stone line of ink marker inner core by the sub-thread second composite stone line of ink marker and obtain composite stone line of ink marker braid.
In step 3, adopt cover volume mode to be knitted to outside composite stone line of ink marker inner core by the sub-thread second composite stone line of ink marker and obtain MULTILAYER COMPOSITE graphite line braid.
Graphite compound earthing material of the present invention adopts nonmetal manufacture, solves the etching problem that existing metallic ground material exists; The characteristic of major diameter, flexible can increase the contact area with soil, reduces earth resistance.In addition, the advantage of the aspects such as convenient transportation, construction do not limit by landform, cost is low, the artificial pilferage of prevention makes graphite compound earthing material of the present invention be applicable to large-scale production manufacture, and social benefit is obvious.
Composite stone line of ink marker inner core is made up of the first composite stone line of ink marker of linear array, relative to composite stone line of ink marker braid, materials application is few, and current conducting path is short, the arrangement of wire harness straight line is long-pending large with soil contact, compactness is high, can the conductivity of Integral lifting graphite compound earthing material.The first composite stone line of ink marker can select composite conducting fiber by demand.
Outer field composite stone line of ink marker braid mainly plays global formation and electric action, and composite toughening fiber can be selected as required to improve the mechanical property of the second composite stone line of ink marker further, thus improves mechanical strength and the conductance of graphite composite material entirety.According to described, outer composite stone line of ink marker braid can adopt multilayer to overlap the weaving manner compiled, and the method greatly can improve the compactness of composite graphite earthing material.In addition, when carrying out multilayer cover volume, each braid adopts graphite line quantity to increase progressively successively from inside to outside, and its manufacturing cost is completely controlled.
Compared to the prior art, the present invention has following distinguishing feature:
1, graphite compound earthing material of the present invention have that corrosion-resistant, electric conductivity is good, flexible, cheap, easy transport, with soil in conjunction with accurate advantages of higher; Due to cheap, also can avoid artificially stealing destruction.
2, simple, the low in raw material price of the inventive method, is applicable to producing in enormous quantities and using.
3, the present invention provides a practicable approach for electric power system Lightning protection field, and all need the engineering field of electrical grounding to be used in transformer station, overhead power transmission line pole tower, elevation building etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is composite graphite band structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is graphite compound earthing material structural representation;
Fig. 3 is graphite compound earthing material overall appearance schematic diagram.
Wherein, 1-upper strata worm graphite paper; 2-fibrous skeleton; 3-lower floor worm graphite paper; 4-composite stone line of ink marker braid; 5-composite stone line of ink marker inner core; 6-graphite compound earthing material body; 7,8-gold utensil joint.
Embodiment
The one of novel graphite compound earthing material provided by the invention is specifically implemented to see Fig. 2, comprises double-layer structure, and internal layer is the composite stone line of ink marker inner core (5) be made up of the first composite graphite wire harness, and skin is composite stone line of ink marker braid (4).
Describe the preparation method of graphite compound earthing material of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but protection range is not limited to this embodiment.
1, worm graphite is prepared.
Worm graphite can directly be bought, and also can prepare voluntarily.This specifically implements with crystalline flake graphite to be raw material, prepares worm graphite voluntarily, is specially:
(1) expansible graphite is prepared:
Adopt sulfuric acid or nitric acid acidifying crystalline flake graphite, adopt strong oxidizer (e.g., KMnO
4, KClO
4or H
2o
2) oxidation crystalline flake graphite, can expansible graphite be obtained;
(2) worm graphite is prepared:
By expansible graphite expanded 5 ~ 6s at 850 ~ 950 DEG C of temperature, obtain worm graphite.
2, the first composite stone ink ribbon and the second composite stone ink ribbon is prepared.
(1) adopt rolling equipment to be depressed into myrmekite ink roller and be pressed into worm graphite paper 2 times less, individual layer worm graphite paper thickness is greater than 0.1mm, and the fibrous skeleton (2) of dipped adhesive of arranging between two-layer worm graphite paper (1,3) obtains composite graphite paper.
Fibrous skeleton (2) uniform spreading of one or more dipped adhesives is located in lower floor's worm graphite paper (3), at 110 ~ 300 DEG C of temperature, carries out the thermosetting process of 10 ~ 40s, afterwards, lay upper strata worm graphite paper (1).Adopt rolling equipment to make composite graphite paper through at least twice roll-in, composite graphite paper thickness is greater than 0.2mm.Composite graphite paper bag draws together the first composite graphite paper and the second composite graphite paper, and the first composite graphite paper and the interior fibrous skeleton laid of the second composite graphite paper can be the same or different.
As a kind of preferred version, at least comprise conductive fiber between the two-layer worm graphite paper of the first composite graphite paper, conductive fiber can be one or more in metallic fiber, alloy fiber and conductive carbon fibre.At least toughened fiber is comprised between the two-layer worm graphite paper of the second composite stone ink ribbon.
Above-mentioned adhesive can be thermosetting polymer glue or conducting resinl, wherein, thermosetting polymer glue can be acrylic size, polyurethane/PU glue, amino resin adhesive, phenolic resin glue, epoxide-resin glue, furane resins glue, resorcin-formaldehyde resin adhesive, diformazan stupid-formaldehyde resin adhesive, unsaturated polyester ester gum, composite resin glue, polyimides glue or urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive etc.; Conducting resinl can be cupric powder conductive adhesive, nickel powder conducting resinl, plating macromolecular compound conducting resinl, carbon black conducting resin, chopped carbon fiber conducting resinl or graphite conductive adhesive.
Above-mentioned fibrous skeleton can be organic fiber (such as: polyester fiber/terylene, Fypro/polyamide fibre or nylon, vinal/polyvinyl, polyacrylonitrile fibre/acrylic fibers, polypropylene fibre/polypropylene fibre or polyvinyl chloride fibre/polyvinyl chloride fibre), inorfil (such as, glass fibre, carbon fiber, boron fibre, kevlar fiber or ceramic fibre), metallic fiber (such as: copper wire, nickel wire or stainless steel wire).Being layed in fibrous skeleton between two-layer worm graphite paper can be thread, wire or band shape.
(2) the first composite graphite paper is cut and the second composite graphite paper obtains the first composite stone ink ribbon and the second composite stone ink ribbon.
Longitudinally cut the first composite graphite paper respectively along fibrous skeleton and the second composite graphite paper obtains the first composite stone ink ribbon and the second composite stone ink ribbon, see Fig. 1.First composite stone ink ribbon and the second composite graphite bandwidth are 10mm ~ 40mm.
Toughened fiber in second composite stone ink ribbon is preferably the 600D model Kafra fiber of E.I.Du Pont Company, and 600D Kafra fiber can make the tension load of the sub-thread second composite stone line of ink marker promote more than 2 times, can compound 1 ~ 3 Kafra fiber in the second composite stone ink ribbon.Conductive fiber conductivity in first composite stone ink ribbon should be greater than 1 × 10
-3Ω cm, can select conductive carbon fibre, alloy fiber and erosion-resisting metallic fiber, preferred copper wire, stainless steel wire or nickel wire.Can compound 1 ~ 3 metallic fiber and/or alloy fiber in first composite stone ink ribbon, or 1 ~ 2 conductive carbon fibre.
Because outer composite stone line of ink marker braid is high to mechanical property requirements, so can select to add toughened fiber to strengthen its mechanical property in the second composite stone ink ribbon.Because composite stone line of ink marker inner core more focuses on electric conductivity, so can select to add conductive fiber to strengthen conductivity in the first composite stone ink ribbon.
3, respectively twisting is carried out to the first composite stone ink ribbon and the second composite graphite band and obtain the sub-thread first composite stone line of ink marker and the sub-thread second composite stone line of ink marker.
Adopt twisting machine to carry out unidirectional twist system to composite graphite band and obtain sub-thread graphite line, gained sub-thread graphite line diameter about 2 ~ 4mm, twisting machine rotating speed is preferably 60 ~ 80r/m.It is 5 ~ 50N that sub-thread second composite graphite line tension requires.
4, braiding machine is adopted to weave composite stone line of ink marker braid outside composite stone line of ink marker inner core.
With the first composite stone line of ink marker for composite stone line of ink marker inner core, adopt braiding machine to be knitted to outside composite stone line of ink marker inner core by the sub-thread second composite stone line of ink marker and obtain at least one deck composite graphite line braid, braiding speed is 200 ~ 700mm/min.The weaving manner of composite stone line of ink marker braid can adopt single track braiding, double track braiding or many rails weaving manner; Also cover volume mode can be adopted to weave MULTILAYER COMPOSITE graphite line braid.
5, reprocessing.
The connector lug produced in employing trimmer finishing graphite compound earthing material braiding process and graphite come off, and for preventing graphite compound earthing material from damaging, shaping diameter rate should control more than 85%.
According to engineering design demand, choose graphite compound earthing material and the gold utensil joint of preseting length, adopt buckle machine to be crimped with the graphite compound earthing material of certain length by gold utensil joint, see Fig. 3, crimping process will remain a constant speed, and the diameter rate of graphite compound earthing material is advisable with 60% ~ 75%.
By embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be further illustrated below.
Embodiment 1
Composite graphite bandwidth 20mm, thick 0.22mm, obtain single composite graphite line through twisting, single composite graphite line tension force 9N.13 impregnated glass fibres in water soluble acrylic resin are compounded with in this composite stone ink ribbon.With 48 these composite stone lines of ink marker for composite stone line of ink marker inner core, adopt braiding machine to be knitted to outside composite stone line of ink marker inner core by 24 these composite stone lines of ink marker and obtain composite stone line of ink marker braid, adopt double track interlacing mode to obtain the graphite compound earthing material that diameter is about 24mm.
Embodiment 2
First composite stone ink ribbon is compounded with 13 glass fibres, and the second composite stone ink ribbon is compounded with 12 glass fibres and 1 600D Kafra fiber, and sub-thread second composite graphite line tension is 15N.With 48 first composite stone lines of ink marker for composite stone line of ink marker inner core, with 24 second composite stone line of ink marker woven outer layer composite stone line of ink marker braids, double track interlacing mode is adopted to obtain the graphite compound earthing material that diameter is about 23.5mm.
Embodiment 3
First composite stone ink ribbon is compounded with 11 glass fibres and 2 nickel fibers, and the second composite stone ink ribbon is compounded with 12 glass fibres and 1 600D Kafra fiber, and sub-thread second composite graphite line tension is 15N.With 56 first composite stone lines of ink marker for composite stone line of ink marker inner core, with 24 second composite stone line of ink marker woven outer layer composite stone line of ink marker braids, double track interlacing mode is adopted to obtain the graphite compound earthing material that diameter is about 27mm.
Embodiment 4
First composite stone ink ribbon is compounded with 13 glass fibres, and the second composite stone ink ribbon is compounded with 12 glass fibres and 1 600D Kafra fiber, and sub-thread second composite graphite line tension is 15N.With 32 first composite stone lines of ink marker for composite stone line of ink marker inner core, with 24 second composite stone line of ink marker woven outer layer composite stone line of ink marker braids, double track interlacing mode is adopted to obtain the graphite compound earthing material that diameter is about 26mm.
The graphite compound earthing material resistivity that embodiment 1 ~ 4 is made all is less than 2.6 × 10
-5Ω m.By " GB/T 21698-2008 bonded earth electrode technical conditions ", impulse current resistance test is carried out to embodiment 1 ~ 4 graphite compound earthing material, during test, impulse current amplitude is up to 235kA, the structure of graphite material and outward appearance are all unchanged, resistivity is floated within 2%, meets " GB/T 21698-2008 bonded earth electrode technical conditions " standard.
The graphite compound earthing material of embodiment 1 ~ 4 is buried underground by digging in-situ ground connection ditch, simulate actual transmission line tower grounding network, in soil resistivity 55 Ω m area, small-sized tower grounding net is set, ground network is 3 × 3m square and 4 corner levels, 45 ° of direction extensions 3 meters, the overall depth of burying is about 0.6m, power frequency grounding resistance value about 1.87 Ω is (along with the prolongation of the depth of burying and earth mat perimetric length, grounding resistance can reduce further), reach soil resistivity in power industry " overvoltage protection of DL/T 620-1997 alternating-current electric device and insulation coordination " and be less than the standard-required that 100 Ω m area pole tower ground resistances are less than 10 Ω.
Above embodiment shows, the graphite earthing material adopting the present invention to make has good conductivity, corrosion resistance, pliability and ductility, good with the binding ability of soil, convenient transport and site operation, it is a kind of novel non-metal grounding material, be applicable to the occasion that transformer station, transmission line bar and building etc. need electrical grounding, cost is low, energy-conserving and environment-protective, lay simple and flexible, social economic effect is remarkable.
Illustrate this patent described in above-described embodiment; though be described by specific term in literary composition; but the protection range of this patent can not be limited with this; the personage being familiar with this technical field can change it or revise and reach equivalent object after the spirit understanding this patent and principle; and this equivalence is changed and amendment, all should be covered by right and define in category.