CN103490131B - A kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider - Google Patents

A kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103490131B
CN103490131B CN201310403937.9A CN201310403937A CN103490131B CN 103490131 B CN103490131 B CN 103490131B CN 201310403937 A CN201310403937 A CN 201310403937A CN 103490131 B CN103490131 B CN 103490131B
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transmission line
impedance
length
electric capacity
load impedance
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CN103490131A (en
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董士伟
詹劲松
龚利鸣
薛龙龙
姜鹏
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Xidian University
Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
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Xidian University
Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of merit proportion by subtraction and facilitate adjustable transmission line structure microwave radio power divider, it is characterized in that: internal driving is that to be injected into characteristic impedance by input port P1 be Z0 to the signal source of ZS, and length is first transmission line of L0; Power is divided into two branch roads by the first transmission line, one road power injection properties impedance is Z1, length is second transmission line of L1, the other end of the second transmission line is as the output port P2 of power splitter, output port P2 meets load impedance ZL1, a load impedance ZL1 electric capacity C1, load impedance ZL1 and the electric capacity C1 other end in parallel connecting to neutral signal end.It provide a kind of easily processing, and merit proportion by subtraction facilitates adjustable transmission line structure microwave radio power divider.

Description

A kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider
Technical field
The present invention relates to microwave radio power divider, particularly a kind of merit proportion by subtraction facilitates adjustable transmission line structure microwave radio power divider.
Technical background
In equipment such as design microwave power amplifier, microwave transmitter etc., often run into power division and composition problem.Be assigned to by a certain percentage in each branch circuit by input power, or by the power combing in each branch circuit in a total output port.The most frequently used is directional coupler and Wilkinson power divider at present, but directional coupling structure itself is comparatively complicated, especially when branch circuit not only two-way time, multiple directional coupler will be needed to combine realization; In addition, directional coupler is once machine-shaping, and merit proportion by subtraction is just fixed, and in circuit R & D design process, is not easy fine setting.Conventional Wilkinson power divider is by regulating the characteristic impedance of branch circuit to reach merit proportion by subtraction, being easy to the situation realizing one point of multichannel.But when branch circuit merit proportion by subtraction is very large, branch line characteristic impedance will be differed greatly, and namely occur the phenomenon that characteristic impedance is too high or too low, its geometry can be unfavorable for processing very much; In addition, conventional Wilkinson power divider, once machine-shaping merit proportion by subtraction is also fixed down, is not easy to finely tune in circuit R & D design process.
Directional coupler is adopted to realize power division, its complex structure and not easily realize an above situation in bifurcation road; Conventional Wilkinson power divider is when merit proportion by subtraction is too large, and its geometry is often not easily processed; In addition, two kinds of device merit proportions by subtraction noted earlier are all not easily finely tuned.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of easily processing, and merit proportion by subtraction facilitates adjustable transmission line structure microwave radio power divider.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and a kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider, is characterized in that: comprising: the first transmission line, the second transmission line, the 3rd transmission line, the 4th transmission line; Internal driving is that to be injected into characteristic impedance by input port P1 be Z0 to the signal source of ZS, and length is first transmission line of L0; Power is divided into two branch roads by the first transmission line, one road power injection properties impedance is Z1, length is second transmission line of L1, the other end of the second transmission line is as the output port P2 of power splitter, output port P2 meets load impedance ZL1, a load impedance ZL1 electric capacity C1, load impedance ZL1 and the electric capacity C1 other end in parallel connecting to neutral signal end; Another road power injection properties impedance is Z2 by the first transmission line, and length is the 3rd transmission line of L2, and the other end of the 3rd transmission line is as the output port P3 of power splitter, and output port P3 meets load impedance ZL2; Electric capacity C2 one end is Z3 by characteristic impedance, and length is that the 4th transmission line of L3 and load impedance ZL2 carry out impedance transformation, and electric capacity C2 is in parallel with load impedance ZL2 after impedance transformation.
Described load impedance ZL1 and load impedance ZL2 is steady state value.
Described electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 are variable capacitance, by finely tuning its capacitance.
The capacitance of described electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 adopts mechanical fine adjustment or voltage trim.
The first described transmission line, the second transmission line, the 3rd transmission line the 4th transmission line adopt TEM transmission line.
The characteristic impedance Z 0 of the first described transmission line is 50 ohm, the quarter-wave that centered by length, frequency is corresponding.
The characteristic impedance Z1 of the second described transmission line is 50 ohm, the quarter-wave that centered by length, frequency is corresponding.
The characteristic impedance Z2 of the 3rd described transmission line is 50 ohm, the quarter-wave that centered by length, frequency is corresponding.
The characteristic impedance Z3 of the 4th described transmission line is 50 ohm, the quarter-wave that centered by length, frequency is corresponding.
Described load impedance ZL2 is the load of 50 ohm; Load impedance ZL1 is the load of 50 ohm.
The present invention has the following advantages: trimming capacitor C 1, electric capacity C2, and port P2, port P3 power output ratio changes.This characteristic is particularly suitable for the situation that research and development circuit initial stage, system assembling etc. need trimming circuit performance.Adopt the method for trimmer value, easily realize.Mechanical fine adjustment electric capacity, electricity adjust capacitance of PN junction easily to buy, and cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with embodiment accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention circuit theory schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the S parameter curve chart when C1, C2 are 5pF;
Fig. 3 is the S parameter curve chart when C1, C2 are 1pF.
In figure, 1, signal source; 2, the first transmission line; 3, the 3rd transmission line; 4, the second transmission line; 5, the 4th transmission line.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, internal driving is that to be injected into characteristic impedance by input port P1 be Z0 to the signal source 1 of ZS, and length is first transmission line 2 of L0.Power is divided into two branch roads by the first transmission line 2, one road power injection properties impedance is Z1, length is second transmission line 4 of L1, the other end of the second transmission line 4 is as the output port P2 of power splitter, output port P2 meets load impedance ZL1, a load impedance ZL1 electric capacity C1, load impedance ZL1 and the electric capacity C1 other end in parallel connecting to neutral signal end; Another road power injection properties impedance is Z2 by the first transmission line 2, and length is the output port P3 of the other end as power splitter of the 3rd transmission line the 3, three transmission line 3 of L2, and output port P3 meets load impedance ZL2; Electric capacity C2 one end is Z3 by characteristic impedance, and length is that the 4th transmission line 5 of L3 carries out impedance transformation with load impedance ZL2, and electric capacity C2 is in parallel with load impedance ZL2 after impedance transformation.
In actual use, load impedance ZL1, load impedance ZL2 are invariable, and electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 are adopted variable capacitance, by finely tuning its capacitance, realize the object that merit proportion by subtraction is adjustable.
According to actual conditions, the capacitance of electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 can adopt mechanical fine adjustment or voltage trim.
Structure first transmission line 2, second transmission line 4 of Fig. 1, the 3rd transmission line 3, the 4th transmission line 5 adopt TEM transmission line, and TEM transmission line utilizes PCB or coaxial line to realize.
As each impedance Z S=ZL1=ZL2=Z1=Z2=Z3=Z0 and be real number, length of transmission line during capacitance C1=C2=C, wherein λ gcentered by the operation wavelength of frequency in transmission line.Make the first transmission line 2 and the second transmission line 4, the tie point effective voltage of the 3rd transmission line 3 is u.According to transmission line impedance transformation relation, the first transmission line 2 is connected with the second transmission line 4, is equivalent to admittance and is be connected with the first transmission line 2; 3rd transmission line 3 is connected with the first transmission line 2, is equivalent to admittance be be connected with the first transmission line 2.
Thus, the load impedance ZL1 consumed power of port P2 is:
re ( u ( u ( 1 Z 0 ) 2 1 Z 0 + jωC ) * ) = | u | 2 ( 1 Z 0 ) 3 ( 1 Z 0 ) 2 + ( ωC ) 2
In above formula, re () is for getting real part computing; * for getting conjugate operation, j is imaginary part, and ω is angular frequency, and c is capacitance, and u is voltage effective value.
Output port P3 connects load impedance ZL2 consumed power:
re ( u ( u ( 1 Z 0 ) 2 1 Z 0 + ( 1 Z 0 ) 2 jωC ) * ) = | u | 2 ( 1 Z 0 ) 3 ( 1 Z 0 ) 2 + ( 1 Z 0 ) 4 ( ωC ) 2
Load impedance ZL1 and load impedance ZL2 obtains power ratio:
( 1 Z 0 ) 2 + ( 1 Z 0 ) 4 ( ωC ) 2 ( 1 Z 0 ) 2 + ( ωC ) 2 = 1 + 1 ( ωCZ 0 ) 2 1 + ( ωCZ 0 ) 2
On the other hand, the reflection coefficient of power splitter at input port place is sufficiently little, because the second transmission line 4, the 3rd transmission line 3 are in parallel, its equivalent admittance is:
( 1 Z 0 ) 2 1 Z 0 + jωC + ( 1 Z 0 ) 2 1 Z 0 + ( 1 Z 0 ) 2 jωC = 1 Z 0
In visible the present invention, the second transmission line 4, the 3rd transmission line 3 parallel equivalent admittance 1/Z0, transmission line 2 characteristic admittance 1/Z0, constitute areflexia coupling, meet minimal reflection requirement completely between signal source 1 source admittance 1/Z0.
As port P2, when port P3 power output phase relation cannot directly meet the demands, by load impedance ZL1 and load impedance ZL2 by after phase-shift network, then can connect with port P2, port P3, thus reach the phase relation met the demands.
When branch circuit is more than 2 branch road, can be realized by power splitter cascade of the present invention.
When power injects from port P2, port P3 respectively, and when phase difference is suitable, just can obtain synthesizing power output from port P1, thus this power splitter can be applied to power combing.
Provide centre frequency 2GHz merit proportion by subtraction adjustable power divider example as shown in Figure 1.Internal driving is that to be injected into characteristic impedance Z 0 by input port P1 be 50 ohm for signal source 1 that ZS equals 50 ohm, and length is first transmission line 2 of 14.8402mm.Power is divided into two branch roads by the first transmission line 2, one road power injection properties impedance Z 1 is 50 ohm, length is second transmission line 4 of 14.8402mm, the other end of the second transmission line 4 is as the output port P2 of power splitter, port P2 connects the load that load impedance ZL1 is 50 ohm, the electric capacity C1 in parallel with load impedance ZL1, another road power injection properties impedance Z 2 is 50 ohm by the first transmission line 2, length is the 3rd transmission line 3 of 14.8402mm, the other end of the 3rd transmission line 3 is as the output port P3 of power splitter, port P3 connects the load that load impedance ZL2 is 50 ohm.Electric capacity C2 is Z3 through characteristic impedance is 50 ohm, and length is that the 4th transmission line 5 of 14.8402mm carries out impedance transformation.Electric capacity C2 is in parallel with load impedance ZL2 after impedance transformation.
Here all line characteristic impedances are all designed to 50 ohm, and in the pcb board material that MSub describes in FIG, the corresponding width of 50 ohm characteristic impedance is 0.247085mm, length 14.8402mm is the quarter-wave that 2GHz is corresponding just.Here length and width are the numerical value of theory calculate, as long as actual processing to be accurate to after decimal point two.Change the capacitance of electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, realize the adjustable of merit proportion by subtraction.When electric capacity is 5pF, corresponding power splitter S parameter as shown in Figure 2; When electric capacity is 1pF, corresponding power splitter S parameter as shown in Figure 3.
Visible by Fig. 2, Fig. 3: change electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 capacitance time, S 21, S 31numerical value there occurs change, and namely port P2 and port P3 obtains power ratio and there occurs change, achieves the object that merit proportion by subtraction is adjustable.
On the other hand, in electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 value change process, the reflected value S at 2GHz place 11all the time less, illustrate that energy that port P1 injects almost is assigned to the load of port P2 and port P3 completely.
The parts that the present embodiment does not describe in detail and structure belong to the well-known components of the industry and common structure or conventional means, do not describe one by one here.

Claims (8)

1. a transmission line structure microwave radio power divider, is characterized in that: comprising: the first transmission line (2), the second transmission line (4), the 3rd transmission line (3), the 4th transmission line (5); Internal driving is that to be injected into characteristic impedance by input port P1 be Z0 to the signal source (1) of ZS, and length is first transmission line (2) of L0; Power is divided into two branch roads by the first transmission line (2), one road power injection properties impedance is Z1, length is second transmission line (4) of L1, the other end of the second transmission line (4) is as the output port P2 of power splitter, output port P2 meets load impedance ZL1, a load impedance ZL1 electric capacity C1, load impedance ZL1 and the electric capacity C1 other end in parallel connecting to neutral signal end; Another road power injection properties impedance is Z2 by the first transmission line (2), and length is the 3rd transmission line (3) of L2, and the other end of the 3rd transmission line (3) is as the output port P3 of power splitter, and output port P3 meets load impedance ZL2; Electric capacity C2 one end is Z3 through characteristic impedance, and length is after the 4th transmission line (5) of L3 carries out impedance transformation, in parallel with load impedance ZL2; The equal connecting to neutral signal end of C2 and the ZL2 other end; The capacitance of described electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2 adopts mechanical fine adjustment or voltage trim; Each impedance is equal and be real number, and the second to the 4th length of transmission line is centre frequency corresponding wavelength 1/4, electric capacity C1 equal with C2 capacitance in transmission line.
2. a kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described load impedance ZL1 and load impedance ZL2 is steady state value.
3. a kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described the first transmission line (2), the second transmission line (4), the 3rd transmission line (3), the 4th transmission line (5) adopt TEM transmission line.
4. a kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the characteristic impedance Z 0 of described the first transmission line (2) is 50 ohm, the quarter-wave that centered by length, frequency is corresponding in transmission line.
5. a kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the characteristic impedance Z1 of described the second transmission line (4) is 50 ohm, the quarter-wave that centered by length, frequency is corresponding in transmission line.
6. a kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the characteristic impedance Z2 of the 3rd described transmission line (3) is 50 ohm, the quarter-wave that centered by length, frequency is corresponding in transmission line.
7. a kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the characteristic impedance Z3 of the 4th described transmission line (5) is 50 ohm, the quarter-wave that centered by length, frequency is corresponding in transmission line.
8. a kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described load impedance ZL2 is the load of 50 ohm; Load impedance ZL1 is the load of 50 ohm.
CN201310403937.9A 2013-09-06 2013-09-06 A kind of transmission line structure microwave radio power divider Expired - Fee Related CN103490131B (en)

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TWI552426B (en) * 2015-04-10 2016-10-01 Nat Univ Chin Yi Technology Adjustable output power ratio compared to branch coupler
CN105356024B (en) * 2015-12-03 2018-07-06 天津七六四通信导航技术有限公司 A kind of variable power divider
CN105991144A (en) * 2015-12-22 2016-10-05 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 Method for reducing radio frequency system transmission line standing wave voltage
CN106299576B (en) * 2016-08-24 2021-10-08 深圳天珑无线科技有限公司 Power divider and method for acquiring device parameters in power divider

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