CN103484125A - Soil improvement agent and improvement method of heavy metal lead-contaminated soil - Google Patents
Soil improvement agent and improvement method of heavy metal lead-contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103484125A CN103484125A CN201310477113.6A CN201310477113A CN103484125A CN 103484125 A CN103484125 A CN 103484125A CN 201310477113 A CN201310477113 A CN 201310477113A CN 103484125 A CN103484125 A CN 103484125A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil improvement agent and improvement method of heavy metal lead-contaminated soil, relating to a soil improvement agent. The soil improvement agent is solid bamboo shoot shell-based biochar, and elements obtained by isolating oxygen at 400 DEG C and pyrolyzing for 30 minutes include C, H, N, K, P, Mg, Ca, Si and O. The soil improvement agent is prepared by the steps of cleaning, drying and grinding a bamboo shoot shell, and putting into a pyrolyzing furnace; isolating oxygen at 380-420 DEG C and pyrolyzing for 20-40 minutes; drying, pre-charring and charring the biomass bamboo shoot shell to obtain solid bamboo shoot shell-based biochar. The improvement method comprises the steps of adding 2.5-10% of the soil improvement agent by mass into the heavy metal lead-contaminated soil; adding water to 70% of the saturation moisture capacity of the field oil; covering with a film to prevent water loss; forming air ports in the film at an interval of 5cm; adding water every 2-3 days to supplement the lost water; culturing, taking out the product and performing air drying to obtain improved soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil improvement agent, especially relate to a kind of soil improvement agent and reach the modification method for the heavy metal lead contaminated soil.
Background technology
Soil is that earth surface has fertility, can allow the loose surface layer of plant-growth, is most important, the most basic, the irreplaceable natural resourcess of the mankind.Along with the development of national economy and industrial technology, the heavy metal contaminants in industrial and mining enterprises' waste water and dregs, oil, agricultural chemicals constantly enters edatope, causes that the part arable land is subject to heavy metal contamination.Heavy metal in soil exceeds standard and can have a strong impact on the Quality and yield of crop, and can be absorbed by crops, by food chain, enters human body; In addition, heavy metal in soil also can enter underground water by water cycle, by tap water, enters human body.A little less than the discharge effect of human body to heavy metal, eat for a long time or drink contaminated by heavy metals Food and water, can cause the enrichment of heavy metal in human body, the serious harm HUMAN HEALTH.
The heavy metal contamination of soil is polluted than other, as Organic pollutants, the characteristics of himself is arranged.At first, only can there be the transformation of form in heavy metal in soil, and can natural degradation, also can not decomposed by the microorganism in soil, and the transfer ability of heavy metal in edatope is poor, can in soil, exist for a long time.As very large to the harm of environment as heavy metal lead, more easily absorbed by crops with respect to other heavy metals in soil, and residual in plant materials, plant materials is produced to toxic action, and can enter human body by food chain, long at the human body intrinsic incubation, and be difficult to discharge.In recent years, Lead contamination has report during to human health infringement event, and as the children blood lead event etc. that exceeds standard, therefore, the improvement of lead pollution of soil is faced with stern challenge.At present, the restorative procedure of heavy metal lead contaminated soil comprises drip-rinsing process, phytoremediation and electronic repairing method.The drip-rinsing process workload is large, and cost is high, easily causes secondary pollution; Phytoremediation is with low cost, but repairing efficiency is longer, and repairing effect is limited, for the plant treatment after repairing, is also a difficult problem; Electronic repairing method cost is high, complicated operation, and engineering is huge, is not suitable for large area repair.Be referred to as fixation method by the transport property of charcoal reduction Lead In Soil and the method for biological effectiveness, the method is simple to operate, with low cost, respond well, realize utilization of waste material, and can improve preferably physics, the chemistry and biology performance of soil, there is the double benefit of economy and environment.
China be in the world topmost product bamboo with produce bamboo shoot state, have abundant bamboo shoot shell resource.At present, the treatment process of bamboo shoot shell is for burning or directly abandon, and has not only polluted the waste that environment has also caused resource.People start to seek the bamboo shoot shell and utilize comparatively efficiently method, as CN101851122A discloses a kind of technique of utilizing the bamboo shoot shell to prepare fertilizer; CN102125067A discloses a kind of method of utilizing waste bamboo shell to prepare bamboo shoot shell feed.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of soil improvement agent.
Another object of the present invention aims to provide the modification method of described soil improvement agent for the heavy metal lead contaminated soil.
Described soil improvement agent is solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, and it is C67.17%, H3.885%, N3.102%, K1.20%, P0.41%, Mg0.26%, Ca0.28%, Si0.25%, O23.443% the elementary composition of 400 ℃ of lower starvation pyrolysis 30min gained.
Described soil improvement agent adopts the following methods preparation: by the pyrolysis oven of packing into after bamboo shoot shell cleaning, drying, pulverizing, at 380～420 ℃ of lower starvation pyrolysis 20～40min, biomass bamboo shoot shell obtains solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, i.e. soil improvement agent through super-dry, pre-charing, charing.
Described soil improvement agent is as follows for the modification method of heavy metal lead contaminated soil:
Soil improvement agent is added in the heavy metal lead contaminated soil with 2.5%～10% massfraction, add water to 70% of field soil saturation moisture capacity, cover and prevent moisture loss with film, and to open a size at interval of the 5cm place on film be the gas port of 1mm * 1mm, keep and the atmosphere ventilation, within every 2～3 days, add water and supplement lost moisture, cultivate and take out air-dryly after 30 days, obtain improveing soil.
Soil improvement agent provided by the present invention and the modification method of using it for the heavy metal lead contaminated soil have the following advantages:
1. the soil improvement agent obtained with biomass pyrolytic has absorption and fixed action to the heavy metal lead ion, can effectively reduce the effective concentration of the lead adsorbed by crop, has stoped the plumbous migration from soil to crop, has weakened the murder by poisoning of heavy metal lead to crop.Experiment shows, this solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal is sneaked in soil with 5% mass ratio, after cultivating one month, more than soil can reach 90mg/g to plumbous saturated extent of adsorption, with respect to the soil that does not add solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, is greatly improved.
2. the soil improvement agent that biomass pyrolytic obtains has certain pore texture and adsorptive power, can significantly improve the preserve moisture and fertility ability of soil, contain the elements such as the necessary nitrogen of plant-growth, phosphorus, potassium in solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, can be soil certain fertility is provided, through ultimate analysis and energy spectrum analysis, the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that 400 ℃ of lower pyrolysis 30min obtain contains N3.102%, K1.20%, P0.41%.
3. the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal density that biomass pyrolytic obtains is little, and short texture, add soil can obviously reduce the soil weight, increases soil pores, is conducive to the growth of root system of plant and the growth of Soil Microorganism.
4. the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that biomass pyrolytic obtains is the fixing of carbon to the improvement of soil, and carbon sequestration, in soil, has been reduced to the discharge of greenhouse gases carbonic acid gas effectively, significant to slowing down climate warming.
5. pyrolysis plant and the method for producing solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal are simple, raw material sources are extensive, cheap and easy to get, the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal obtained after pyrolysis can impose in the heavy metal lead contaminated soil that needs improvement nearby, can improve soil, can solve again the problem of utilizing of agricultural wastes, there is good economic benefit and environmental benefit, really realize the doulbe-sides' victory of economy and environment.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph that Fig. 1 is the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that obtains of 400 ℃ of lower bamboo shoot shell pyrolysis 30min.
Fig. 2 be solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal massfraction be after 5% cultivation soil to different concns Pb
2+adsorption curve.In figure, X-coordinate is Pb
2+starting point concentration (mmol/L), ordinate zou is Pb
2+adsorptive capacity (mg/g).
Fig. 3 cultivates the change curve of the rear soil weight for adding different mass mark solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal.In figure, X-coordinate is solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal massfraction (%), and ordinate zou is the soil weight (g/cm
3).
Fig. 4 cultivates rear soil water-retaining effect change curve for adding different mass mark solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal.In figure, X-coordinate is time (d), and ordinate zou is soil moisture content (mg/g), and curve is followed successively by the water-retaining capacity curve that the charcoal massfraction is 10%, 7.5%, 5%, 2.5%, 0% cultivation soil from top to bottom.
Fig. 5 is that 0.5g adds the rear soil of different mass mark solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation to Pb
2+the adsorptive capacity change curve.In figure, X-coordinate is solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal massfraction (%), and ordinate zou is Pb
2+adsorptive capacity (mg/g).
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
Collect the bamboo shoot shell in bamboo shoot source mill, the bamboo shoot shell is rinsed to be placed in 100 ℃ of baking ovens and dry, pulverize and be placed in quartz boat, put into the tubular type pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis oven is first used nitrogen rapid purging 2min, and rear maintenance air-flow is about 1.2L/min.Pyrolytical condition is set to be warming up to 400 ℃ from room temperature, and temperature rise rate is 5 ℃/min, and keeps 30min under 400 ℃, naturally cools to afterwards room temperature, and pyrolysis residual solid component all is considered as solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, and yield is 38.90%.From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of Fig. 1, can see, resulting solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal has good hole, in conjunction with ultimate analysis and energy spectrum analysis, recording it elementary composition is C67.17%, H3.885%, N3.102%, K1.20%, P0.41%, Mg0.26%, Ca0.28%, Si0.25%, O23.443%.
Applying solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal to the improved experimental method of heavy metal lead contaminated soil is: the bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that pyrolysis is obtained and the soil ratio of 1: 19 in mass ratio mix, stir evenly, be placed in the polyethylene cup, add water to 70% of field soil saturation moisture capacity, prevent moisture loss with film seal, and to open a size on film be the gas port of 1mm * 1mm, keep and the atmosphere ventilation, within every 3 days, weigh once, supplement lost moisture, cultivate after 30 days, take out air-dry.Get adsorption by soil 25ml, the Pb of 2mmol/L that 0.5g cultivates with aforesaid method
2+solution, be placed in shaking table under 25 ℃, 120r/min after concussion 1h standing 1 day, after 0.22 μ m filtering with microporous membrane, use the FAAS(flame atomic absorption spectrometry) remaining plumbum ion concentration in mensuration solution.(see figure 2) as calculated, the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal soil containing massfraction 5% that the 0.5g aforesaid method is cultivated is to Pb in the lead ion solution of 2mmol/L
2+adsorptive capacity be 20.72mg/g, the lead ion clearance is 99.93%, to illustrate containing solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal massfraction be 5%, and soil has good adsorption to lead ion, can effectively reduce the effective concentration of crop utilization lead ion in soil.Simultaneously, the soil weight that the adds 5% solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal soil (see figure 3) that decreases drastically, water retention improves obvious (see figure 4).The soil weight that adds 5% solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation is 0.6532g/cm
3, than the soil weight 0.9516g/cm that does not add charcoal
3, add the 5% solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation soil weight afterwards and descended 45.68%.The soil saturation water regain of adding 5% solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation is 1019mg/g, and placing water content after 7 days under natural condition is 381mg/g; Simultaneously, the soil saturation water regain of not adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal is 727mg/g, and under natural condition, placing 7 days is 208mg/g afterwards.After interpolation solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal is described, can effectively improve hardening property and the water-retentivity of soil.
With the experimental technique of embodiment 1, adopt respectively the Pb of different concns
2+solution, evaluation contains the adsorptive power of the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal soil of massfraction 5% to heavy metal lead.Experimental result is (see figure 2) as calculated, and 0.5g contains the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal soil of massfraction 5% to Pb in the lead ion solution of 4mmol/L
2+adsorptive capacity be 41.44mg/g, the lead ion clearance is 99.91%; To Pb in the lead ion solution of 6mmol/L
2+adsorptive capacity be 61.68mg/g, the lead ion clearance is 99.22%; To Pb in the lead ion solution of 8mmol/L
2+adsorptive capacity be 82.64mg/g, the lead ion clearance is 97.11%; To Pb in the lead ion solution of 10mmol/L
2+adsorptive capacity be 96.06mg/g, the lead ion clearance is 92.73%.
During the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that the bamboo shoot shell is obtained at 400 ℃ of lower pyrolysis 30min is added into soil with massfraction 2.5%, after cultivating 30 days, air-dry.Recording the soil weight after the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that adds massfraction 2.5% is 0.7648g/cm
3, the 0.9516g/cm when not adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal
3the soil weight is compared and has been descended 19.63%, and the ventilative water permeability of the decline explanation soil of the soil weight has obtained improvement (seeing Fig. 3, Fig. 4).The pH value of soil has raise 0.28, illustrates that adding bamboo shoot shell base charcoal can improve soil acidity.Get the Pb of the soil 0.5g absorption 25ml10mmol/L of above-mentioned cultivation
2+solution, use the FAAS(flame atomic absorption spectrometry after absorption) measure remaining plumbum ion concentration in solution, result is (see figure 5) as calculated, the Pb of soil to 25ml10mmol/L after the bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation that the interpolation massfraction is 2.5%
2+pb in solution
2+loading capacity be 92.50mg/g.
During the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that the bamboo shoot shell is obtained at 400 ℃ of lower pyrolysis 30min is added into soil with massfraction 7.5%, after cultivating 30 days, air-dry.Recording the soil weight after the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that adds massfraction 7.5% is 0.5660g/cm
3, the 0.9516g/cm when not adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal
3compare the soil weight and descended 40.52%, the ventilative water permeability of the decline explanation soil of the soil weight has obtained improvement.The pH value of soil has raise 0.58, illustrates that adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal can improve soil acidity preferably.Get the Pb of above-mentioned cultivation soil 0.5g absorption 25ml10mmol/L
2+solution, use the FAAS(flame atomic absorption spectrometry after absorption) measure remaining plumbum ion concentration in solution, result is (see figure 5) as calculated, the Pb of soil to 25ml10mmol/L after the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation that the interpolation massfraction is 7.5%
2+pb in solution
2+loading capacity be 100.34mg/g.
During the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that the bamboo shoot shell is obtained at 400 ℃ of lower pyrolysis 30min is added into soil with massfraction 10%, after cultivating 30 days, air-dry.Recording its soil weight is 0.5237g/cm
3, the 0.9516g/cm when not adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal
3compare the soil weight and descended 44.97%, the ventilative water permeability of the decline explanation soil of the soil weight has obtained improvement.The pH value of soil has raise 0.69, illustrates that adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal can improve soil acidity preferably.Get the Pb of above-mentioned cultivation soil 0.5g absorption 25ml10mmol/L
2+solution, use the FAAS(flame atomic absorption spectrometry after absorption) measure remaining plumbum ion concentration in solution, result is (see figure 5) as calculated, the Pb of soil to 25ml10mmol/L after the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation that the interpolation massfraction is 10%
2+pb in solution
2+loading capacity be 103.60mg/g.
Claims (3)
1. soil improvement agent, it is characterized in that it is C67.17%, H3.885%, N3.102%, K1.20%, P0.41%, Mg0.26%, Ca0.28%, Si0.25%, O23.443% the elementary composition of 400 ℃ of lower starvation pyrolysis 30min gained for solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal.
2. the preparation method of soil improvement agent as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the pyrolysis oven of packing into after bamboo shoot shell cleaning, drying, pulverizing, at 380～420 ℃ of lower starvation pyrolysis 20～40min, biomass bamboo shoot shell obtains solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, i.e. soil improvement agent through super-dry, pre-charing, charing.
As claimed in claim 1 soil improvement agent for the modification method of heavy metal lead contaminated soil, it is characterized in that soil improvement agent is added in the heavy metal lead contaminated soil with 2.5%～10% massfraction, add water to 70% of field soil saturation moisture capacity, cover and prevent moisture loss with film, and to open a size at interval of the 5cm place on film be the gas port of 1mm * 1mm, keep and the atmosphere ventilation, within every 2～3 days, add water and supplement lost moisture, cultivate and take out air-dryly after 30 days, obtain improveing soil.
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| CN103710036A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-09 | 山东潍坊润丰化工股份有限公司 | Treatment method for phosphorus-containing waste materials in pesticide production |
| CN104592999A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-05-06 | 云南银发绿色环保产业股份有限公司 | Soil heavy metal stabilizer |
| CN105400519A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-03-16 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for rapidly remedying farmland with heavy metals in fallow period by using modifier |
| CN105618478A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-06-01 | 南京盖亚生物工程有限公司 | Biological soil remediation agent and method for remediating soil |
| CN105883753A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-24 | 浙江科技学院 | Preparation method and application of bamboo shoot shell biochar |
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| CN106365162A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-02-01 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Activated carbon prepared from yard wastes, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106430180A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-02-22 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Activated carbon prepared on basis of hyperaccumulator biomass as well as preparation method and application |
| CN106430181A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-02-22 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Biochar material facilitating carbon cycling, preparation method and application |
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| CN107983768A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-04 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | A kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil mixing restorative procedure |
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| CN114192563A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-18 | 厦门大学 | In-situ remediation method for low-permeability polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil |
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