CN103482982A - Method of improving voltage resistance performance of PTC ceramic element - Google Patents
Method of improving voltage resistance performance of PTC ceramic element Download PDFInfo
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- CN103482982A CN103482982A CN201210188958.9A CN201210188958A CN103482982A CN 103482982 A CN103482982 A CN 103482982A CN 201210188958 A CN201210188958 A CN 201210188958A CN 103482982 A CN103482982 A CN 103482982A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing technology of a PTC ceramic element, and specifically relates to a method of improving the voltage resistance performance of a PTC ceramic element. The method sequentially comprises following steps: step a, preparing materials, adding all materials at one time to form a complete mixed material; step b, mixedly grinding to achieve one-time homogenization of the mixed material; step c, burning to achieve one-time homogenization of phase texture and main phase crystal lattice; step d, re-grinding, further achieving homogenization of the material and refining and homogenization of phase texture and main phase crystal lattice through the actions of secondary grinding and pulverization; step e, granulating; step f, pressing; step g, sintering; step h, grinding; step i, spraying aluminum; and step j, sorting. The method has the advantages that through improving the homogeneity of devices, materials, phase texture, and crystal lattice layer with conventional materials and equipment, the method can produce a high-voltage resistant PTC ceramic element, which has a better voltage resistance performance than that of conventional products, and thus a series of key element problems of heating appliances, electric control devices, and appliance protection devices can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing technology of PTC ceramic component, specifically a kind of method that is used for making PTC positive temperature coefficient ceramic element to obtain the raising PTC ceramic component withstand voltage properties of high withstand voltage ability (proof voltage breakdown capability and resistance of aging).
Background technology
PTC positive temperature coefficient ceramic element is the key element of manufacturing the PTC electrical heated appliance, there is good quick startup, temp autocontrolled, stable heating and intrinsic safety characteristic, thereby at family expenses air conditioner auxiliary heater, automative air conditioning auxiliary heater, hot-wind heating well heater, dishwasher drying heater, washing machine drying heater, well heater for dry materials, for food-processing, the aspects such as well heater, solder bonding metal well heater, electric water heater obtain and all arrive widespread use.In addition, the PTC ceramic component is also to manufacture the electric power such as restrictor, overcurrent protector, overload protective device, degaussing controller, startup controller to control the key element with protector.
Can steady operation under the certain voltage condition, be obviously the basic demand to the PTC ceramic component.Along with the development of correlation technique, require the PTC ceramic component can tolerate higher voltage rating, even can tolerate the surge voltage that is derived from power supply, load and switching element.In recent years, the technical requirements of this respect presents more and more higher, more and more wider development trend.For example, electromobile is for pursuing higher electrical efficiency and specific power, and tend to adopt higher operating voltage (having reached at present 400 ~ 600V), the shock action when voltage fluctuation of on-vehicle battery discharge process, automobile start and stop, the switch motion of power electronic element, capital forms obvious voltge surge effect, this just requires supporting with it vehicular electric heater preferably to adopt high voltage withstanding PTC ceramic component to be manufactured, otherwise just must adopt inversion step-down power supply system complicated, that expensive, efficiency of conversion is lower, reliability is poor and heavy.The PTC ceramic component of controlling being applied to electric power, because of the voltage of its carrying and power usually all larger, the technique status is more crucial, just more urgent to the requirement of its high voltage withstanding ability.
Research shows, the PTC ceramic component, when actual failure, usually reaches far away the failure condition on the materialogy meaning, and presents very strong uncertainty.Its reason is, actual PTC ceramic component, all there is obvious ununiformity in device, material, phase constitution and lattice aspect, comprise crystal boundary system composition, crystal boundary thickness, grain size, donor concentration, acceptor concentration, surface topography etc., even have segregation, be mingled with, loosen, pore, defects i.e.cracks.Even these ununiformity defects just, and they are in the uncertainty of the aspects such as spatial distribution, superposition relation, make and certainly exist proof voltage in actual PTC stupalith and lack in ability a little, these proof voltages proof voltage ability that has determined the PTC ceramic component that lacks in ability just, make it far below theoretical value, and present significant randomness on the different sites of different batches, different elements and identity element.As can be seen here, for example, even adopt correct formula and key process parameter (calcining temperature, forming pressure, maturing temperature etc.), if there is no suitable method for manufacturing, make the PTC ceramic component at device, material, phase constitution and lattice aspect all have homogeneity preferably, just can not guarantee different batches, the proof voltage ability of different elements and identity element different sites has consistence preferably, thereby can not bring into play to greatest extent the proof voltage ability of PTC stupalith, also just can not the mass production withstand voltage properties enough good PTC ceramic component products.
In order to obtain proof voltage ability PTC ceramic component preferably, Chinese patent " anti-voltage surge PTC thermosensitive resistor and manufacture method thereof (200710172259.4) ", a kind of solution that electrode coating is limited to position, PTC ceramic component edge is proposed, make PTC ceramic component centre not have direct electric current to pass into, with this correct PTC ceramic component centre temperature drift, proof voltage ability on the weak side, be easy to breakdown tendency, should be able to receive certain relative effect.But, if can not effectively control the classical insulation plastisied dispersion of PTC ceramic component, still can not provide definite assurance to the proof voltage ability of PTC ceramic component, and because PTC ceramic component middle part does not have electric current directly to pass into, just will inevitably reduce the effect of PTC ceramic component, obvious this method has limitation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of raw materials for production that use conventional PTC ceramic component are provided, and obtains the method for the raising PTC ceramic component withstand voltage properties with high withstand voltage ability.
The method of raising PTC ceramic component withstand voltage properties of the present invention comprises the following steps successively:
A. prepare burden: conventional raw material alms giver forming agent, acceptor's forming agent, sintering aid, Curie temperature adjusting agent, the grain fineness number adjusting agent that will manufacture the PTC ceramic component once add among barium carbonate and titanium dioxide major ingredient, make it to form the full price batch mixing;
B. mix grinding: the compound in ball mill, batching formed carries out the wet method mix grinding, by the stirring in liquid phase, mixing, fragmentation and diffusion, realizes a homogenizing of material; In mill tube, temperature is controlled at 35 ~ 50 ℃, and ordinary method extends the time 20% ~ 50% that grinds relatively;
C. calcining: to the slurry after mix grinding dewatered, drying, then be placed in electrothermal tunnel kiln calcine and synthesize; When forming the barium titanate principal phase, utilize the High temperature diffusion effect, make alms giver's forming agent, acceptor's forming agent, Curie temperature adjusting agent, grain fineness number adjusting agent complete first diffusion and solid solution in principal phase, also make impurity be able to enrichment, first crystal boundary is formed, and realizes a homogenizing of phase constitution and principal phase lattice;
D. regrind: after calcining the material fragmentation, then row adds in ball mill and carries out the slurrying of wet method mix grinding, makes the first phase constitution formed of calcination process by broken dispersion again; By this secondary breaking and grinding, further realize the homogenizing of material, and the refinement of grain and grain boundary phase constitution and homogenizing;
E. granulation: abrasive slurries is again added to tensio-active agent (PVAC polyvinylalcohol etc.), be equipped with shear agitation, adjust temperature to 40 ~ 45 ℃, obtain the pine charging after granulation;
F. compacting: the pine charging that granulation is made adds the compacting model, suppresses PTC ceramic component green compact on press; , adopt granular pine charging here, not only can guarantee the accuracy of charge amount, and can reduce near the density because of friction, slippage effect formation defect of model wall;
G. burn till: will suppress the green compact that obtain and be written into the heat-stable ceramic saggar, in electrothermal tunnel kiln by improving the fltting speed of green compact in burning till tunnel furnace, in the cooling section forced-air blast, make the heat-up rate of firing process and cooling rate all relative conventional process for calcining improve 15%～25%; By being rapidly heated, fast cooling, can suppress preferably crystal grain misgrowth and donor element, recipient element and Curie temperature and adjust the intergranular of element and separate out, to guarantee that the PTC ceramic component burns till that blank has better and electric, mechanical characteristics uniformly;
H. grinding: in order to remove blank because top layer slippage, mold fouling, firing atmosphere pollute, formed surface abnormalities structural sheet directly is heated, also in order to guarantee the effect of element geometric accuracy and electrode layer spraying, first on special purpose grinder, large face, side and the end face to the blank that burns till carries out grinding, the micropyromerides sand of take in the rubbing down cylinder again carries out chamfering, rubbing down and texturing as abrasive material, finally carry out again ultrasonic cleaning, to reduce cosmetic bug, to guarantee the phase constitution homogeneity, and create conditions for the close attachment of sprayed-on Al layer;
I. aluminium-plated: that the PTC ceramic component blank after rubbing down processing is written into to the hollowed spray-finishing template, and after being preheated to specified temp, use oxy-acetylene flame or arc plasma spraying machine, the large face of bilateral to PTC ceramic component blank carries out aluminium-plated processing, make it to form surrounding and leave the not conductive metal film at aluminium-plated edge, to guarantee that PTC ceramic component ohm in side circuit connects, and can prevent that edge is creepage and puncture; Aluminium-plated employing is repeatedly sprayed and is swept film, to control thickness and the depth of penetration of aluminium film, makes it not affect the high voltage withstanding ability of PTC ceramic component.
J. go-on-go: for geometrical dimension, normal temperature resistance, the voltage breakdown parameter of PTC ceramic component, carry out go-on-go, finally obtain the PTC ceramic component classification salable product that electric parameter meets technological standard.
The invention has the advantages that the method relies on conventional raw material and equipment; by improving the homogeneity of device, material, phase constitution and lattice aspect; the high voltage withstanding PTC ceramic component of proof voltage ability significantly better than conventional products can be produced, and the key element problem of a series of electric heating apparatuss, electrical control gear and Protector for electric appliances can be solved thus.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the inventive method comprises the following steps successively:
A. prepare burden: conventional raw material alms giver forming agent, acceptor's forming agent, sintering aid, Curie temperature adjusting agent, the grain fineness number adjusting agent that will manufacture the PTC ceramic component once add among barium carbonate and titanium dioxide major ingredient, make it to form the full price batch mixing; Wherein take titanium oxide and barium carbonate as principal phase, take niobium (nano-scale oxide) as donor element, manganese be recipient element, plumbous for Curie temperature adjust element, calcium as grain fineness number adjustment element, silicon oxide (gas phase) be sintering aid.
B. mix grinding: the compound in ball mill, batching formed carries out the wet method mix grinding, by the stirring in liquid phase, mixing, fragmentation and diffusion, realizes a homogenizing of material; In mill tube, temperature is controlled at 35 ~ 50 ℃, and ordinary method extends the time 50% that grinds relatively.
C. calcining: to the slurry after mix grinding dewatered, drying, then be placed in electrothermal tunnel kiln calcine and synthesize; When forming the barium titanate principal phase, utilize the High temperature diffusion effect, make alms giver's forming agent, acceptor's forming agent, Curie temperature adjusting agent, grain fineness number adjusting agent complete first diffusion and solid solution in principal phase, also make impurity be able to enrichment, first crystal boundary is formed, and realizes a homogenizing of phase constitution and principal phase lattice.
D. regrind: after calcining the material fragmentation, then row adds in ball mill and carries out the slurrying of wet method mix grinding, makes the first phase constitution formed of calcination process by broken dispersion again; By this secondary breaking and grinding, further realize the homogenizing of material, and the refinement of grain and grain boundary phase constitution and homogenizing;
E. granulation: abrasive slurries is again added to tensio-active agent (PVAC polyvinylalcohol etc.), be equipped with shear agitation, adjust temperature to 40 ~ 45 ℃, obtain the pine charging after granulation;
F. compacting: the pine charging that granulation is made adds the compacting model, suppresses PTC ceramic component green compact on press; , adopt granular pine charging here, not only can guarantee the accuracy of charge amount, and can reduce near the density because of friction, slippage effect formation defect of model wall;
G. burn till: will suppress the green compact that obtain and be written into the heat-stable ceramic saggar, in electrothermal tunnel kiln by improving the fltting speed of green compact in burning till tunnel furnace, in the cooling section forced-air blast, make the heat-up rate of firing process and cooling rate all relative conventional process for calcining improve 15%～25%; By being rapidly heated, fast cooling, can suppress preferably crystal grain misgrowth and donor element, recipient element and Curie temperature and adjust the intergranular of element and separate out, to guarantee that the PTC ceramic component burns till that blank has better and electric, mechanical characteristics uniformly;
H. grinding: in order to remove blank because top layer slippage, mold fouling, firing atmosphere pollute, formed surface abnormalities structural sheet directly is heated, also in order to guarantee the effect of element geometric accuracy and electrode layer spraying, first on special purpose grinder, large face, side and the end face to the blank that burns till carries out grinding, the micropyromerides sand of take in the rubbing down cylinder again carries out chamfering, rubbing down and texturing as abrasive material, finally carry out again ultrasonic cleaning, to reduce cosmetic bug, to guarantee the phase constitution homogeneity, and create conditions for the close attachment of sprayed-on Al layer;
I. aluminium-plated: that the PTC ceramic component blank after rubbing down processing is written into to the hollowed spray-finishing template, and after being preheated to specified temp, use oxy-acetylene flame or arc plasma spraying machine, the large face of bilateral to PTC ceramic component blank carries out aluminium-plated processing, make it to form surrounding and leave the not conductive metal film at aluminium-plated edge, to guarantee that PTC ceramic component ohm in side circuit connects, and can prevent that edge is creepage and puncture; Aluminium-plated employing is repeatedly sprayed and is swept film, to control thickness and the depth of penetration of aluminium film, makes it not affect the high voltage withstanding ability of PTC ceramic component.
J. go-on-go: for geometrical dimension, normal temperature resistance, the voltage breakdown parameter of PTC ceramic component, carry out go-on-go, finally obtain the PTC ceramic component classification salable product that electric parameter meets technological standard.
Above-described embodiment has been produced the PTC ceramic component in the used for electric vehicle electric heater, 1min reactance voltage breakdown capability ≮ 800VDC under its normal temperature, 1min reactance voltage breakdown capability ≮ 600VDC under working temperature, operation life ≮ 8000h under the 500VDC voltage rating, indices all is better than the PTC ceramic component that adopts same material to obtain with ordinary method.It can directly adapt to the operational conditions of high pressure electric car, and needn't adopt the inversion dropping equipment, has received simplified system, weight reduction, has reduced costs, raises the efficiency and guarantee the effect of heating quality.
Claims (2)
1. a method that improves PTC ceramic component withstand voltage properties is characterized in that: comprises the following steps successively,
A. prepare burden: conventional raw material alms giver forming agent, acceptor's forming agent, sintering aid, Curie temperature adjusting agent, the grain fineness number adjusting agent that will manufacture the PTC ceramic component once add among barium carbonate and titanium dioxide major ingredient, make it to form the full price batch mixing;
B. mix grinding: the compound in ball mill, batching formed carries out the wet method mix grinding, by the stirring in liquid phase, mixing, fragmentation and diffusion, realizes a homogenizing of material;
C. calcining: to the slurry after mix grinding dewatered, drying, then be placed in electrothermal tunnel kiln calcine and synthesize;
D. regrind: after calcining the material fragmentation, then row adds in ball mill and carries out the slurrying of wet method mix grinding, makes the first phase constitution formed of calcination process by broken dispersion again;
E. granulation: abrasive slurries is again added to tensio-active agent, be equipped with shear agitation, adjust temperature to 40～45 ℃, obtain the pine charging after granulation;
F. compacting: the pine charging that granulation is made adds the compacting model, suppresses PTC ceramic component green compact on press;
G. burn till: will suppress the green compact that obtain and be written into the heat-stable ceramic saggar, in electrothermal tunnel kiln by improving the fltting speed of green compact in burning till tunnel furnace, in the cooling section forced-air blast, make the heat-up rate of firing process and cooling rate all relative conventional process for calcining improve 15%～25%;
H. grinding: first on special purpose grinder, large face, side and the end face to the blank that burns till carries out grinding, then take micropyromerides sand as abrasive material carries out chamfering, rubbing down and texturing in the rubbing down cylinder, finally carries out ultrasonic cleaning again;
I. aluminium-plated: that the PTC ceramic component blank after rubbing down processing is written into to the hollowed spray-finishing template, and after being preheated to specified temp, use oxy-acetylene flame or arc plasma spraying machine, the large face of bilateral to PTC ceramic component blank carries out aluminium-plated processing, makes it to form surrounding and leaves the not conductive metal film at aluminium-plated edge; Aluminium-plated employing is repeatedly sprayed and is swept film;
J. go-on-go: for geometrical dimension, normal temperature resistance, the voltage breakdown parameter of PTC ceramic component, carry out go-on-go, finally obtain the PTC ceramic component classification salable product that electric parameter meets technological standard.
2. the method for raising according to claim 1 PTC ceramic component withstand voltage properties, it is characterized in that: in step b, in mill tube, temperature is controlled at 35～50 ℃, and ordinary method extends the time 20%～50% that grinds relatively.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106435438A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-02-22 | 孝感华工高理电子有限公司 | Manufacturing method of ceramic PTC surface electrodes |
| CN107887090A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-04-06 | 中国振华集团云科电子有限公司 | Glass-fiber-plate cutting process method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101357844A (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2009-02-04 | 周金平 | PTC thermal sensitive ceramic material and method for preparing the same |
| CN101625916A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2010-01-13 | 南通鸿飞电子有限公司 | Method for enhancing flow-resistant capacity of PTC thermal resistors |
-
2012
- 2012-06-11 CN CN201210188958.9A patent/CN103482982A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101357844A (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2009-02-04 | 周金平 | PTC thermal sensitive ceramic material and method for preparing the same |
| CN101625916A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2010-01-13 | 南通鸿飞电子有限公司 | Method for enhancing flow-resistant capacity of PTC thermal resistors |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 祝炳和 等: "《PTC陶瓷制造工艺与性质》", 31 May 2001, article "PTC陶瓷制造工艺与性质" * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106435438A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-02-22 | 孝感华工高理电子有限公司 | Manufacturing method of ceramic PTC surface electrodes |
| CN107887090A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-04-06 | 中国振华集团云科电子有限公司 | Glass-fiber-plate cutting process method |
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Application publication date: 20140101 |