CN103482727B - Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device - Google Patents
Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103482727B CN103482727B CN201310408144.6A CN201310408144A CN103482727B CN 103482727 B CN103482727 B CN 103482727B CN 201310408144 A CN201310408144 A CN 201310408144A CN 103482727 B CN103482727 B CN 103482727B
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Abstract
The invention discloses Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, it is characterized in that, comprising: reaction vessel, for holding waste water; Plasma jet generating unit, makes the useless discharge in water of air plasma jet in reaction vessel for generation of air plasma jet; Whipping appts, for stirring the waste water in reaction vessel.Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device with agitating function of the present invention can produce plasma active particle that is stable, high density, realize abundant chemical reaction during efficiency utilization and the water treatment of plasma body, reaction unit controllability of the present invention is strong, and treatment effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water treatment device, be specifically related to a kind of Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device with agitating function.
Background technology
Plasma body is interacted but still the meta system being in that the charged particle under non-bound state forms by a large amount of, is the 4th state being in the material of same level with solid, liquid, gas.Air plasma jet source (APJ) can obtain low-temperature plasma at discharge in water, and in low-temperature plasma, the temperature of electronics is 10
4more than K, the temperature of ion and neutral particle is slightly higher than normal temperature, discharge process along with high-energy electron, ultraviolet, shockwave, active particle (as OH, O, H, O
3, H
2o
2deng), this characteristic can with the toxic species such as organism, bacterium, heavy metal removing difficult degradation in water.Utilize low-temperature plasma jet that air plasma jet source produces, electricity, chemical oxidation and light are gathered in one, be a kind of high-level oxidation technology of water treatment, this technology possesses the combined effect of the multinomial water treatment method such as living radical oxidation, photochemical oxidation, supercritical water oxidation, electrohydraulic cavitation degradation simultaneously.
At present, Non-thermal Plasma Technology in Water Treatment is considered to one of best approach processing hardly degraded organic substance, but there is shortcomings in existing plasma body water treatment device, during as low in plasma body utilization ratio, water treatment chemical reaction carry out not fully, reaction unit automatically can not control and only can test etc. under the ideal conditions of laboratory.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of air plasma water jets place experimental study reason device with agitating function.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, is characterized in that, comprising:
Reaction vessel, for holding waste water;
Plasma jet generating unit, makes the useless discharge in water of air plasma jet in reaction vessel for generation of air plasma jet;
Whipping appts, for stirring the waste water in reaction vessel.
Aforesaid Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, it is characterized in that, described plasma jet generating unit comprises compressed gas source, high-voltage power supply, fluid jet nozzle, described compressed gas source connects high-voltage power supply, high-voltage power supply connects fluid jet nozzle, and fluid jet nozzle stretches in the waste water in reaction vessel; Described whipping appts comprises agitator motor and synchronous device, stirring rod, and described agitator motor and synchronous device connect stirring rod, and described stirring rod stretches in the waste water in reaction vessel.
Aforesaid Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, it is characterized in that, also comprise data gathering and control unit, gas meter, for detecting the electric machine rotation photodetector unit of the rotation situation of whipping appts, motor drives and control unit, the first steam line, the second steam line, high-tension cable, high-voltage probe, current probe, oscilloscope; Connected by the first steam line between described compressed gas source and high-voltage power supply; Be connected with high-tension cable respectively by the second steam line between described high-voltage power supply and fluid jet nozzle; Gas meter is arranged on the second steam line; One end of high-voltage probe connects high-voltage power supply by high-tension cable, and the other end of high-voltage probe connects oscilloscope by high-tension cable, and oscilloscope connects current probe by high-tension cable, and current probe connects fluid jet nozzle by high-tension cable; Motor drives and is connected agitator motor and synchronous device with control unit; Data gathering is connected motor with control unit respectively by cable and drives and control unit, compressed gas source, high-voltage power supply, gas meter, electric machine rotation photodetector unit, condensation reflux unit.
Aforesaid Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, is characterized in that, also comprises condensation reflux unit; Described reaction vessel comprise container chamber and be separately positioned on first on container chamber, second mouthful and the 3rd mouthful; Described fluid jet nozzle stretches into first, and described stirring rod stretches into second mouthful, and described condensation reflux unit is arranged on the 3rd mouthful.
Aforesaid Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, is characterized in that, also comprises the spectrum detection device for detecting air plasma jet.
Aforesaid Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, it is characterized in that, described agitator motor and synchronous device comprise stepper-motor, stepping motor synchronous device, described motor drives and is connected stepper-motor with control unit, stepper-motor connects stepping motor synchronous device, and stepping motor synchronous device connects stirring rod.
Aforesaid Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, it is characterized in that, described data gathering and control unit comprise microcontroller, indicating meter, key input unit and device control end, and microcontroller connects indicating meter, key input unit, device control end, motor driving and control unit, compressed gas source, high-voltage power supply, gas meter, electric machine rotation photodetector unit, condensation reflux unit respectively.
Aforesaid Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, it is characterized in that, described motor drives and comprises driver control unit, two-phase stepping motor driver element with control unit, microcontroller connects driver control unit, driver control unit connects two-phase stepping motor driver element, and two-phase stepping motor driver element connects agitator motor and synchronous device.
Aforesaid Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, is characterized in that, described reaction vessel is three mouthfuls of quartz reactors, and described reaction vessel is arranged on reactor base station; Described first steam line and the second steam line are polyfluortetraethylene pipe; Described agitator motor and synchronous device also comprise reactor fixed link, mechanism's mount pad, agitator positioning seat, ball jacket, ball jacket stationary installation, and described ball jacket is arranged on reactor fixed link by ball jacket stationary installation; Ball jacket is fixedly connected with mechanism's mount pad, and mechanism's mount pad is fixedly connected with agitator positioning seat; Described stepper-motor and stepping motor synchronous device are mounted on mechanism's mount pad; Stirring rod is arranged on agitator positioning seat; Described stirring rod is provided with agitating vane, between described stirring rod and second mouthful, is provided with packed-piston; Described condensation reflux unit is spherical condensation tube; Described gas meter is by RS-485 interfacing data data acquisition and controlling unit; Described microcontroller is STC12 series monolithic, driver control unit comprises L297 chip, STC12 series monolithic connects L297 chip, two-phase stepping motor driver element comprises two L6203 chips, L297 chip is connected with two L6203 chips respectively, and L6203 chip connects agitator motor and synchronous device; Described spectrum detection device comprises spectrograph, fibre-optical fixator, optical fiber, PC, and optical fiber one end is fixed on reactor base station by fibre-optical fixator, and the optical fiber the other end connects spectrograph, and spectrograph connects PC.
Usefulness of the present invention is: Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device of the present invention can produce stable plasma active particle, the stirring velocity of reactor can be adjusted, binding plasma spectral detection and discharge parameter detection system, realize abundant chemical reaction during efficiency utilization and the water treatment of plasma body, the chemical kinetics pattern of research plasma jet process waste water, reaction unit controllability of the present invention is strong, and treatment effect is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a structural representation preferably implemented of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the preferred structure schematic diagram of agitator motor and synchronous device in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of agitator motor and synchronous device in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the preferred structure schematic diagram of data gathering and control unit in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that in the present invention, motor drives the preferred structure schematic diagram with control unit;
Fig. 6 is that in the present invention, motor driving promotes schematic diagram with the two-phase stepping motor single-phase current of control unit;
Fig. 7 is that in the present invention, motor driving promotes and half flow control circuit figure with the single-phase current of control unit;
Fig. 8 is the preferred structure schematic diagram of reaction vessel in the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the principle of work schematic diagram of fluid jet nozzle in the present invention;
When Figure 10 is air plasma jet degradation of organic substances in the present invention, solution is through the flow velocity schematic diagram of heating region;
Figure 11 is sewerage disposing main program flow chart of the present invention;
Figure 12 is flow for displaying figure when running in the present invention;
Figure 13 is water treatment process figure when running in the present invention.
The implication of Reference numeral in figure:
1, condensation reflux unit, 2, water outlet, 3, water-in, 4, packed-piston, 5, agitator motor and synchronous device, 6, reaction vessel, 7, stirring rod, 8, agitating vane, 9, reactor base station, 10, fibre-optical fixator, 11, jet, 12, fluid jet nozzle, 13, motor drives and control unit, and 14, data gathering and control unit, 15, high-voltage power supply, 16, compressed gas source, 17, spectrograph, 18, PC, 19, optical fiber, 20, oscilloscope, 21, current probe, 22, high-tension cable, 23, second steam line, 24, electric machine rotation photodetector unit, 25, high-voltage probe, 26, gas meter, 27, synchronizing wheel, 28, with reference to scale, 29, mechanism's mount pad, 30, Timing Belt, 31, stepper-motor, 32, reactor fixed link, 33, ball jacket, 34, hook knob, 35, bearing, 36, agitator positioning seat, 37, first steam line, 38, first, 39, second mouthful, 40, 3rd mouthful, 41, indicating meter, 42, microcontroller, 43, device control end, 44, key input unit, 45, retaining clip, 46, graduated scale, 47, spherical condensation tube, 48, reactor frame, 49, operator's console base, 50, fluid jet nozzle fixed link, 51, plasma torch, 52, inlet mouth, 53, tetrafluoroethylene, 54, air-flow, 55, aluminum, 56, electrode in copper, 57, copper outer electrode, 58, plasma body.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, concrete introduction is done to the present invention.
Object of the present invention, is to provide a kind of Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device with agitating function.Wastewater treatment reaction kinetics process is: by the rapid stirring of pending water through agitator, cause waste water solution to increase with the contact area exponentially level from the air of heating region, in exoelectrical reaction treating processes, effectively improve the active particle (high-energy electron, living radical, ultraviolet and ozone) of electric discharge generation and the collision frequency of toxic species (organic contamination, heavy metal ion, germ etc.) in water.Thus, effectively improve chemical reaction rate.Agitator speed of the present invention is adjustable, can for the water of different pollution parameters, adjust the mutual movement velocity of its solution flow rate and plasma jet 11, make the chemical kinetics produced in reactor be in " diffusing step control " or " activation step control " region.And " diffusing step " parameter point close with " speed of reaction " is adjusted in reaction the most at last, thus the most power save mode realizing that water treatment system runs.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1, the Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device provided in the present embodiment, comprising: reaction vessel 6, for holding waste water; Plasma jet generating unit, makes the useless discharge in water of air plasma jet 11 in reaction vessel 6 for generation of air plasma jet 11; Whipping appts, for stirring the waste water in reaction vessel 6.During actual motion, the waste water solution in reaction vessel 6 contacts with the air plasma produced from plasma jet generating unit, and whipping appts stirs the waste water in reaction vessel 6, thus effectively improves the chemical reaction rate of wastewater treatment.
Further, in the present embodiment, plasma jet generating unit comprises compressed gas source 16, high-voltage power supply 15, fluid jet nozzle 12, and compressed gas source 16 connects high-voltage power supply 15, high-voltage power supply 15 connects fluid jet nozzle 12, and fluid jet nozzle 12 stretches in the waste water in reaction vessel 6; Whipping appts comprises agitator motor and synchronous device 5, stirring rod 7, and agitator motor and synchronous device 5 connect stirring rod 7, and stirring rod 7 stretches in the waste water in reaction vessel 6.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, be connected between compressed gas source 16 with high-voltage power supply 15 with steam line, steam line is tetrafluoroethylene 53 (PTFE) pipe; Be connected with high-tension cable 22 with air-supply duct respectively between high-voltage power supply 15 with fluid jet nozzle 12; Gas meter 26 is arranged on the steam line of connection high-voltage power supply 15 and fluid jet nozzle 12, and high-voltage probe 25, oscilloscope 20 and current probe 21 are arranged on the high-tension cable 22 between high-voltage power supply 15 and fluid jet nozzle 12 successively; Fluid jet nozzle 12 extend into three mouthfuls of quartz reactor firsts 38; Motor drives and is connected with cable with between control unit 13 and whipping appts; Data gathering and control unit 14 drive with motor respectively and are connected with control unit 13, high-voltage power supply 15, compressed gas source 16, gas meter 26, electric machine rotation photodetector unit 24, prolong cable.As preferably, the first steam line 37 and the second steam line 23 are tetrafluoroethylene 53 and manage.
In order to improve the automatic controllability of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4.The present invention also comprises data gathering and control unit 14, gas meter 26, for detecting the electric machine rotation photodetector unit 24 of the rotation situation of whipping appts, motor drives and control unit 13, first steam line 37, second steam line 23, high-tension cable 22, high-voltage probe 25, current probe 21, oscilloscope 20; Connected by the first steam line 37 between compressed gas source 16 and high-voltage power supply 15; Be connected with high-tension cable 22 respectively by the second steam line 23 between high-voltage power supply 15 and fluid jet nozzle 12; Gas meter 26 is arranged on the second steam line 23; One end of high-voltage probe 25 connects high-voltage power supply 15 by high-tension cable 22, the other end of high-voltage probe 25 connects oscilloscope 20 by high-tension cable 22, oscilloscope 20 connects current probe 21 by high-tension cable 22, and current probe 21 connects fluid jet nozzle 12 by high-tension cable 22; Motor drives and is connected agitator motor and synchronous device 5 with control unit 13; Data gathering is connected motor with control unit 14 respectively by cable and drives and control unit 13, compressed gas source 16, high-voltage power supply 15, gas meter 26, electric machine rotation photodetector unit 24, condensation reflux unit 1.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 8, the present invention also comprises condensation reflux unit 1, and reaction vessel 6 of the present invention comprises container chamber and is separately positioned on the first 38, second mouthful 39 and the 3rd mouthful 40 on container chamber; Fluid jet nozzle 12 stretches into first 38, and stirring rod 7 stretches into second mouthful 39, and condensation reflux unit 1 is arranged on the 3rd mouthful 40.As preferably, reaction vessel 6 is three mouthfuls of quartz reactors.As preferably, reaction vessel 6 of the present invention is three mouthfuls of quartz reactors, and reaction vessel 6 is arranged on reactor base station 9.
The present invention also comprises the spectrum detection device for detecting air plasma stream components.Further, spectrum detection device comprises spectrograph 17, fibre-optical fixator 10, optical fiber 19, PC 18, and optical fiber 19 one end is fixed on reactor base station 9 by fibre-optical fixator 10, and optical fiber 19 the other end connects spectrograph 17, and spectrograph 17 connects PC 18.The quartzy there-necked flask that the detection probe of spectrograph 17 is fixed near Plasma Jet region is outside, under detecting different sparking voltage, discharging current, working gas composition and gas flow parameter, immerse active particle (as hydroxyl radical free radical, Sauerstoffatom etc.) composition and the relative luminous intensity thereof in the atmospheric pressure plasma region of liquid.Whether electric machine rotation photodetector unit 24 is connected with control unit 14 with data gathering, rotate for detecting agitator, and whether monitoring stepper-motor 31 blocks.High-voltage probe 25 1 end is connected on and connects high-voltage power supply 15 with on the high-tension cable 22 of plasma jet shower nozzle 12, one end is connected with oscilloscope 20, plasma jet shower nozzle 12 discharge breakdown voltage, after high-voltage probe 25 is decayed, can test out accurately on oscilloscope 20.Current probe 21 one end is enclosed within the wire that is connected with plasma jet shower nozzle 12, and one end is connected with oscilloscope 20, and the discharging current flowing through this wire can test out accurately on oscilloscope 20.The external high-voltage probe 25 of oscilloscope 20 and current probe 21, by regulating the function key of oscilloscope 20, can observe current waveform, voltage waveform, can measure frequency, voltage strength etc. simultaneously.In one-period T, known discharge breakdown voltage u (t), discharging current i (t), according to formula
discharge power can be calculated.Gas meter 26 is arranged on the steam line of connection high-voltage power supply 15 and fluid jet nozzle 12, flow signal is fed back to data gathering and control unit 14, for the uninterrupted of air-flow in testing pipes 54 by RS-485 interface.Therefore, controlling stirring velocity and the stirring mechanism in treatment time and jet source coordinates spectrograph 17, high-voltage probe 25, current probe 21, oscilloscope 20, under meter can study coupled relation between degradation efficiency and each physical parameter.
Further, agitator motor of the present invention and synchronous device 5 comprise stepper-motor 31, stepper-motor 31 synchronous device, motor drives and is connected stepper-motor 31 with control unit 13, and stepper-motor 31 connects stepper-motor 31 synchronous device, and stepper-motor 31 synchronous device connects stirring rod 7.As preferably, agitator motor and synchronous device 5 also comprise reactor fixed link 32, mechanism's mount pad 29, agitator positioning seat 36, ball jacket 33, ball jacket stationary installation, and ball jacket 33 is arranged on reactor fixed link 32 by stationary installation such as ball jacket such as hook knob 34 grade; Ball jacket 33 is fixedly connected with mechanism's mount pad 29, and mechanism's mount pad 29 is fixedly connected with agitator positioning seat 36; Stepper-motor 31 and stepper-motor 31 synchronous device are mounted on mechanism's mount pad 29; Stirring rod 7 is arranged on agitator positioning seat 36; Stirring rod 7 is provided with agitating vane 8, between stirring rod 7 and second mouthful 39, is provided with packed-piston 4; Condensation reflux unit 1 is spherical condensation tube, and it comprises water outlet 2 and water-in 3, as shown in Figure 1, is cooled by current.
Agitator motor and synchronous device 5 can control the rate flow of waste water solution in reaction, chemically reaction kinetics principle analysis, on the one hand, vibrations repeatedly and diffusion can make reactant molecule obtain enough energy that can cause reacting generation because of collision, can reduce on the other hand solvent cage to the encirclement of free radical reduces reaction resistance, effectively to increase the reaction " meet with to " of active substance and the thing that is degraded; By regulating revolution can also change contact area and the time in waste water solution and plasma jet source, obtain larger contact area and speed of response faster; Higher stirring velocity obtains higher collision rate on the one hand, need but then to consume more energy, and when the active particle collision frequency of the toxic molecule in solution and heating region reaches higher frequency, its chemical kinetics is in " activation step control " region, higher collision rate is to reaction not contribution.The present invention's experiment shows, when the rotation of stirring rod 7 makes the flow velocity of solution be 1.57 ~ 2.20m/s, Organic substance in water degradation rate is the highest.
Synchronous device can realize the synchronization control treatment time, comprises churning time and plasma jet source to the action time of solution; For ensureing the steady running of stirring mechanism, need install ball jacket 33 and stationary installation additional on reactor fixed link 32, stepper-motor 31 is arranged on mechanism's mount pad 29, then mechanism's mount pad 29 and agitator positioning seat 36 is fixed up; Stepper-motor 31 fixed position distance operator's console base 40cm (being as the criterion with reference to the scale on scale 28 so that sleeve ball stationary installation center is corresponding), and motor need keep vertical with operator's console base 49, height control well locks by hook knob 34 afterwards.
For the problem of stepper-motor 31 rotating speed lower than rotating speed needed for agitator, design adopts Timing Belt 30 transmission, see Fig. 2, agitator motor and synchronous device 5, mainly comprise the connection mechanism, bearing 35, bearing retaining screw, scale, stirring rod 7 etc. of synchronous machine, Timing Belt 30, large belt wheel, small pulley, motor and transmission mechanism; Timing Belt 30 transmission mechanism is provided with the belt belt of equidistant profile of tooth by an inner peripheral surface and has corresponding identical belt wheel and formed, and during rotation, is meshed to transmit moves and power by band tooth with the teeth groove of belt wheel, compact construction, without slippage, stable drive, can obtain constant transmitting ratio; Timing Belt 30 is XL spy's light-duty (pitch is 5.080mm), and large belt wheel is 40 tooth small pulleys is 10 teeth, and center distance of belt wheel is 55.3mm.
The present embodiment adopts motor to drive with control unit 13 as the power unit of whipping appts, under the data gathering of Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and control unit 14 act on, realizes the rotating speed of agitator and the accurate setting of churning time.
Stepper-motor 31 drives in agitator working process, known sewage disposal time t
t(s), agitator speed R
m(rpm), the rotating ratio n of Timing Belt 30 and motor step angle θ (°), for asking the pulse-repetition f being carried in CP port (CP end is the pulse signal input control end of driving mechanism)
0(Hz).
Stirring rod 7 is connected with synchronizing wheel 27 and Timing Belt 30 with between motor, the rotating ratio n of known Timing Belt 30, the rotating speed R of electric machine rotation
texpression formula is:
Wastewater treatment time t
tafter, electric machine rotation angle θ
taggregate-value expression formula be:
T is obtained after arrangement
texpression formula be:
The step angle of stepper-motor 31 is θ, wastewater treatment time t
tafter, the umber of pulse n of needs
taggregate-value expression formula be:
Therefore, the pulse-repetition f of CP port is carried in
0expression formula is:
From expression formula (5), the f of loading
0with treatment time t
tirrelevant, for loading different f
0, can reach the object regulating stirring velocity, expression formula is:
Fig. 5 is that in the present invention, motor drives the preferred structure schematic diagram with control unit 13.Data gathering and control unit 14 comprise microcontroller 42 (also known as MCU), indicating meter 41, key input unit 44 and device control end 43, and microcontroller 42 connects indicating meter 41, key input unit 44, device control end 43, motor driving and control unit 13, compressed gas source 16, high-voltage power supply 15, gas meter 26, electric machine rotation photodetector unit 24, condensation reflux unit 1 respectively.Be STC12 series monolithic as preferred microcontroller 42, driver control unit comprises L297 chip, STC12 series monolithic connects L297 chip, two-phase stepping motor 31 driver element comprises two L6203 chips, L297 chip is connected with two L6203 chips respectively, and L6203 chip connects agitator motor and synchronous device 5.
Microcontroller 42 adopts STC12 series monolithic, has at a high speed, reduce power consumption and the superpower feature such as anti-interference.5 signal input control ends of stepper-motor 31 driving chip L297 in the external Fig. 6 circuit of microcontroller 42, are respectively: EN, RST,
, CP and DIR end.With the open and close of three port controlling compressed gas sources 16 of microcontroller 42, high-voltage power supply 15 and condensation reflux unit 1.For stopping process in wastewater treatment process, directly press the button (i.e. the button of so-called device control end 43) stopping process port.The ADC of flow output signal in gas meter 26 through connecting microcontroller 42 gathers, and shows on indicating meter 41.Indicating meter 41 adopts the HGS256643 type OLED with SPI interface, interface uses 4 lines: the input of serial time clock line SCLK, main frame/from machine output data line MISO, main frame export/from machine input data line MOSI and Low level effective from machine selection wire SS, the information such as wastewater treatment time, agitator speed can be shown.Key input unit 44 module has 7 buttons and 1 interruption controls interface, be used for respectively controlling moving to left on indicating meter 41OLED cursor, right-cursor, increase numeral, reduces numeral, sets, determines and return.Its specific works mode is: after pressing setting key, and interruption controls end obtains corresponding, and indicating meter 41 enters treatment time, agitator speed, each signal input control end setting selection interface.When wanting the setting process time, press OK button, by mobile cursor, carry out numerical value adjustment, the time value of expectation can be shown.Write the global variable in Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program process, the rotating ratio of the step angle of stepper-motor 31 and Timing Belt 30 being defined as given value, after input agitator speed, CP end can obtain the pulse-repetition controlling machine operation.All the other 4 ports select 1/0 signal by button, make the high/low level obtaining needs at corresponding port.Electric machine rotation photodetector unit 24 has pulse-free signal by detecting microcontroller 42 port be attached thereto, and judges whether agitator rotates, and whether monitoring stepper-motor 31 blocks.
Figure 11 is sewerage disposing main program flow chart of the present invention.After general supply is opened, by system initializations such as microcontroller 42, key input unit 44 and OLED display unit.Wherein, after microcontroller 42 initialize, the port be connected with stepper-motor 31 driving chip 5 signal input control ends in Fig. 4 is lower level, to ensure that stepper-motor 31 driving chip is without any input signal.Call the OLED display subroutine shown in Figure 12, carried out the setting for the treatment of time, agitator speed and peripheral hardware control port signal by keyboard.OLED display screen, when there being button to press, reading key assignments and executes the task, demonstrate friendly human-computer interaction interface.Judge whether to need process, as needs then process, do not need, jump into display screen display state.Figure 13 is wastewater treatment process figure, call the treatment time of setting, stirring velocity and peripheral hardware control port signal, electric machine rotation photodetector unit 24 has pulse-free signal by detecting microcontroller 42 port be attached thereto, and judges whether agitator rotates, and whether monitoring stepper-motor 31 blocks.If detect, port has pulse, then agitator rotates, otherwise shows that stepper-motor 31 is blocked, is back to water treatment main program flow chart setting module, resets peripheral hardware control port signal.After agitator normal rotation, have air-flow 54 to flow through high-voltage power supply 15 after opening compressed gas source 16, after time delay certain hour, delay time is to entering time delay waiting status, and the time starts to rear high-voltage power supply 15, and fluid jet nozzle 12 place produces plasma body 58.With under the air plasma jet test research device effect of agitating function, carry out wastewater treatment, after the treatment time reaches Preset Time, first close high-voltage power supply 15, closes compression source of the gas 16 again after time delay certain hour.In wastewater treatment process, if run into external interrupt, then stop process, be finally back to main flow chart and terminate.
Motor of the present invention drives and comprises driver control unit, two-phase stepping motor 31 driver element with control unit 13, microcontroller 42 connects driver control unit, driver control unit connects two-phase stepping motor 31 driver element, and two-phase stepping motor 31 driver element connects agitator motor and synchronous device 5.The present invention adopts two-phase stepping motor 31 and drive system as the power unit of whipping appts, under the domination of data gathering and control unit 14, realizes the rotating speed of agitator and the accurate setting of churning time.Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of two-phase bipolar stepping motor 31 driving mechanism, and the control unit of driving mechanism uses L297, and phase winding driver element uses L6203.EN, RST in figure,
, CP and DIR port is respectively with L297's
with
pin is connected.Wherein, EN end is the enable signal input control end of driving mechanism, and when driving mechanism normally works, EN end sets high level, and when driving mechanism quits work, EN end sets low level.RST end is the reset signal input control end of driving mechanism, and when RST sets low level, drive system resets.
half step/synchronizing signal input control the end that end is driving mechanism, when driver drives motor half step is run,
end sets high level, when the synchronizing of driver drives motor runs,
end sets low level.CP end is the pulse signal input control end of driving mechanism, and stepper-motor 31 stepping increment forward during this pin input negative pulse, this stepping produces at the positive rise of signal.DIP is the direction signal input control end of driving mechanism, and the actual sense of rotation of stepper-motor 31 is determined by the method for attachment of winding, when changing the level state of this pin, and stepper-motor 31 reverse rotation.VREF end is chopper reference voltage input end, is connected with the output port of Fig. 7 upper right side amplifier, and the voltage being added to this pin determines the peak value of winding current.R/C pin is chopper end, copped wave shape and zigzag wave similar, chopping frequency by external RC network parameter determine, its expression formula is
bS1 and BS2 is that machine winding current detects pressure feedback port, with sample resistance R on the right side of schematic diagram
aSand R
bSupper end connect.The indirect direct-current machine of OUT1 and OUT2, A+, A-and B+, B-are respectively the positive and negative end of motor A phase and B phase winding.A, B, C, D are the phase current logic control signal of two-phase induction motor driving mechanism, when CON pin is lower level,
with
work, it is connected with the EN pin of L6203, and now EN is set to high level, and corresponding drived control is prohibited, and when CON is high level, A, B, C, D work.The external bootstrap capacitor of BOOT1, BOOT2 pin guarantees that DMOS field effect transistor is effective.Four diode VD1-VD8 form freewheeling circuit, the security of protection circuit.When chip is in original state, HOME pin has instruction.
Fig. 6 is that two-phase stepping motor 31 single-phase current promotes schematic diagram, and motor rotation mode can be similar to and be seen as circumferential motion.During the single-phase conducting of motor, definition I
a=I
b=I
phase, wherein I
phasefor phase current; Two when being conducted,
When the winding of stepper-motor 31, from single-phase conduction, (electric current is I
a=I
b=I
phase) when being excessively energized to two-phase, the mould of its current phasor is simultaneously
shake is there is in stepper-motor 31 rotation process due to the change of electric current in this by causing.In order to make the mould of stepper-motor 31 total current vector when single-phase energising and two-phase are energized simultaneously equal (magneticstrength of synthesizing is equal), need the electric current of motor driver to promote when single-phase conduction.The current increment promoted is needed during single-phase conduction
Fig. 7 is that single-phase current promotes and half flow control circuit.During single-phase conduction, obtain a high level at 10 pins, field effect transistor conducting, upper right side components and parts are equivalent to non-inverting amplifier.During two-phase conduction, obtain a lower level at 10 pins, field effect transistor is ended, and its equivalent resistance is infinitely great, and upper right side components and parts are equivalent to voltage follower.The output voltage V of non-inverting amplifier and voltage follower
outi.e. feedback voltage V
rEF, feedback voltage V
rEFequal again sample resistance R
aSor R
bS(be abbreviated as R
s) voltage at two ends, I
phasecalculation expression be:
For non-inverting amplifier, known input resistance R
i, feedback resistance R
f, so output voltage V
outwith input voltage V
inthere is following relation:
Definition
the current increment promoted is needed during known single-phase conduction
namely
so
and then can in the hope of R
i, R
fvalue, in this circuit, R
iget 5.3K Ω, R
fget 2.2K Ω.
For voltage follower, G=1, output voltage V
outwith input voltage V
inthere is following relation:
V
out＝V
in(V)(9)
Half current control and outside do not have pulse signal, when motor pre-stop is rotated, and field effect transistor conducting, outside reference reference voltage V
r, R9 and R10 resistance is equal, can realize at output terminal the function that electric current reduces by half.Is increased by the electric current of motor when can solve break impulse input by this mode, the motor feels hot, and amount increases severely, and the technical problem that noise is large, guarantees motor performance, prolongation motor work-ing life.
Fig. 9 is fluid jet nozzle 12 fundamental diagram; Fluid jet nozzle 12 main body is aluminum, and internal and external electrode is copper; Air enters into shower nozzle cavity from inlet mouth 52, must rotate around electrode in copper 56 and flow into and produce plasma body between electrode, fluid jet nozzle 12 outlet is provided with copper outer electrode 57, forms the plasma torch 51 of similar flame profile from fluid jet nozzle 12 exit; High-voltage power supply 15 and compressed gas source 16 can the plasma body 58 that produces of control jet shower nozzle 12 density, frequency and speed and the UV-light formed, impact intensity of wave, the quantity etc. of the free radical produced, thus the effect affecting treatment reaction.
During air plasma jet APJ degradation of organic substances, solution passes the flow velocity schematic diagram of heating region as Figure 10.Fluid jet nozzle 12 near normal inserts three mouthfuls of quartz reactors, the track that organic molecule passes through heating region can be seen and circle, organic molecule is v (m/s) through the solution stirring flow velocity of heating region, radius is R (m), and the width of heating region is d (m).The process of the expression formula of heating region required time t (s) is below passed through for derivation organic molecule.
Known agitator speed R
m(rpm), first Speed unit is converted into rps by rpm, rotating speed R after conversion
nexpression formula be:
The circular frequency expression formula of organic molecule circumferential motion is:
The velocity expression of organic molecule circumferential motion is:
v＝ωR=2πR
NR(m/s)(12)
So, organic molecule passes through the expression formula of heating region required time and is:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
The use step of air plasma water jets treatment research device plasma jet source water treatment reactor is as follows: first stirring rod 7 body of rod is passed packed-piston 4 during use, again stirring rod 7 body of rod is fixed on agitator motor head, then agitating vane 8 is closed up the middle port (i.e. the 2nd mouth) stretching into three mouthfuls of quartz reactors; Again by agitating vane 8 drag gently press, blade is opened completely, and at the bottom of the blade pitch flask opened, about 0.5mm is advisable; Finally packed-piston 4 is fixed on the middle port of three mouthfuls of quartz reactors; Three mouthfuls of quartz reactor reactor frame 48 are supported and uses retaining clip 45 its middle port to be fixed on the fixed link of reactor.The present invention is provided with graduated scale 46 and is used for being convenient to adjustment height.Fluid jet nozzle preferably adopts aluminum 55 body.
Fluid jet nozzle 12 stretches into from the 1st mouth of three mouthfuls of quartz reactors, and distance drag central point about 3cm, is advisable in 30 degree of acute angles with stirring rod 7, fixes with retaining clip 45; This level altitude of fluid jet nozzle 12 enables the solution circulated with stirring rod 7 by plasma torch 51 submergence completely, effectively utilizes the active particle of heating region.Fluid jet nozzle is fixed on fluid jet nozzle fixed link 50.
Terminate at the 3rd mouth place of three mouthfuls of quartz reactors under the glass spherical prolong, below prolong, arm connects cooling water source as water-in rubber hose, and top arm receives the tank of lower water as the outlet rubber hose of water coolant.
By above description, each device is connected, fix by stationary installation.Wherein from left to right, with the chuck intermediate point of stationary installation apart from operator's console base 49 height indicator: prolong level altitude 28cm, stirring head height 40cm, fix iron ring bottom three mouthfuls of quartz reactors the 2nd mouthful of place stationary installation distance operator's console base 20cm(reaction flask and be fixed on distance operator's console base about 6cm), fluid jet nozzle 12 level altitude 22cm.
Timing Belt 30 on agitator requires large and small belt shaft line parallel when installing, Timing Belt 30 with the plane of two belt wheel axes normal in run; Select the Timing Belt 30 of XL spy's light-duty (pitch is 5.080mm), large belt wheel is 40 tooth small pulleys is 10 teeth, and center distance of belt wheel is 55.3mm.
Three mouthfuls of quartz reactor volumes are 450ml, and each processing reaction liquid 150-200ml is advisable; First reaction solution to be dealt with is joined in three mouthfuls of quartz reactors during process, connect the cooling water source of prolong, start whipping appts, allow stirring rod 7 first slowly run (the complete submergence of the plasma torch 51 that fluid jet nozzle 12 can spray by the solution circulated with stirring rod 7 is effectively to utilize the active particle of heating region) in the solution; Open compressed gas source 16, gas to be had flows through high-voltage power supply 15 opens high-voltage power supply 15 again, and now fluid jet nozzle 12 exit has plasmatorch to spray; Until system can steady running time, the parameters in series of agitation revolution and high-voltage power supply 15 can be regulated.
Installing gas under meter 26 on the steam line connecting high-voltage power supply 15 and fluid jet nozzle 12, high-voltage power supply 15 is restarted in the fashionable source of gas stream to be had, and can protect high-voltage power supply 15 like this; High-voltage probe 25 between fluid jet nozzle 12 and high-voltage power supply 15 is in order to measure the operating voltage of high-voltage power supply 15, current probe 21 is in order to measure the working current of high-voltage power supply 15, and oscilloscope 20 is in order to demonstrate the voltage and current waveform that export when high-voltage power supply 15 works.
Change plasma jet source high-voltage power supply 15 parameter, as frequency, voltage amplitude, discharge power etc., can regulate and produce the region area of plasma body, the discharge mode of plasma jet shower nozzle 12 and living radical, ultraviolet, Sauerstoffatom and yield of ozone, thus change organic degradation rate in sewage.As: under different discharge power, Sauerstoffatom is different with the content of ozone, and when the organic solution of process same concentrations, identical capacity, its degradation efficiency is completely different.Change the output duty cycle of high-voltage power supply 15 internal controller and change the discharge power in plasma jet source, the discharge mode of fluid jet nozzle 12 is transitioned into powerful spark discharge from low power corona discharge, and the plasma body produced is transitioned into is rich in Sauerstoffatom from the ozone that is rich in of corona discharge.
By change stirring velocity can the contact area of regulator solution and plasma torch 51, contact angle and duration of contact.Experiment shows, contact area, contact angle and duration of contact all can affect treatment effect.Usual wastewater treatment initial reaction stage, reaction is in diffusion controlled reaction district, and the activation energy of needs is less.Along with the increase of stirring velocity, the frequency of organic molecule and plasma collision increases, and speed of reaction promotes, and in waste water, degradation effect of organic compound obviously increases.But stirring velocity is too high and be unfavorable for organic reaction in solution, after stirring velocity is too high, reaction is in kinetic control reaction zone, and the activation energy of needs is comparatively large, and the speed of particle reaction is slow more than the speed of Particle diffusion, cannot fully react.Only have when the speed of particle reaction and the speed of Particle diffusion close to time, the most efficient most power save mode that water treatment system is run.The present invention's experiment shows, when the stirring flow velocity of solution is 1.57 ~ 2.20m/s, in waste water, degradation effect of organic compound is the highest.
The material of three mouthfuls of quartz reactors in the present invention is transparency silica glass, transparency and hardness better, optical property is very excellent, has excellent transmittance in ultraviolet to the continuous wavelength scope of ir radiation.In the present invention, spectrograph 17 device can be directly utilized to carry out at-once monitor, the change of various material in reaction system caused when especially monitoring parameter changes to the kind change of material various in reaction process and change in concentration.
Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device of the present invention can produce plasma active particle that is stable, high density, realize abundant chemical reaction during efficiency utilization and the water treatment of plasma body, reaction unit controllability of the present invention is strong, and treatment effect is good.Advantage of the present invention is as follows specifically:
The first, devise a kind of Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device for the problems referred to above the present invention.This device utilizes plasma jet source to produce to stablize effective plasma body, associating stirring mechanism and with the water processing reactor of condensation reflux unit 1 oxidizing reaction during water treatment can be made to carry out more abundant, thus improve processing efficiency.
The second, plasma jet source is made up of high-voltage power supply 15, compressed gas source 16, gas meter 26, air-supply duct, fluid jet nozzle 12 etc.; For generation of the active particle stablizing effective low-temperature plasma and a large amount of high density.
3rd, by regulating plasma jet source high-voltage power supply 15 parameter, as frequency, voltage amplitude, discharge power etc., the discharge mode of change generation heating region area, plasma jet shower nozzle 12 and free radical, ultraviolet, Sauerstoffatom and yield of ozone, thus change organic degradation rate in sewage.As: under different discharge power, Sauerstoffatom is different with the content of ozone, and when the organic solution of process same concentrations, identical capacity, its degradation efficiency is completely different.
4th, the discharge power in plasma jet source is changed by the output duty cycle of change high-voltage power supply 15 internal controller, the discharge mode of fluid jet nozzle 12 is transitioned into powerful spark discharge from low power corona discharge, and the plasma body produced is transitioned into is rich in Sauerstoffatom from the ozone that is rich in of corona discharge.
5th, agitator is made up of agitator motor and synchronous device 5, sleeve ball stationary installation, stirring rod 7 and packed-piston 4.The contact area of regulator solution and plasma torch 51, contact angle and duration of contact is come by the stirring velocity changing handled solution.Experiment shows, contact area, contact angle and duration of contact all can affect treatment effect.
6th, the synchronous device of agitator motor can realize the synchronization control treatment time, comprises the churning time of agitator and plasma jet source to the action time of solution; For ensureing the steady running of agitator, sleeve ball stationary installation need be installed additional on the brandreth montant of agitator, being used for fixing agitator motor and stirring rod 7; Agitator motor fixed position distance operator's console base 40cm (being as the criterion with sleeve ball stationary installation center brandreth montant high scale), and motor need keep vertical with operator's console base 49.
7th, stirring rod 7 and packed-piston 4 are made primarily of tetrafluoroethylene 53 (PTFE) material, and the stirring rod 7 of this material and piston not little with reactant generation side reaction, frictional coefficient, the smooth surface of acid and alkali-resistance and organic solvent, stable chemical nature not easily can stick reactant.
8th, stirring rod 7 comprises the body of rod (length 300, diameter 7mm) and agitating vane 8, and the body of rod is one deck tetrafluoroethylene 53 at the outer bread of iron, and agitating vane 8 is all made up of tetrafluoroethylene 53, and the size that agitating vane 8 opens can regulate.Open to maximum efficiency best in the present invention.
9th, chemical reactor is made up of three mouthfuls of quartz reactors and condensation reflux unit 1; Three mouthfuls of quartz reactors (capacity 450ml, wall thickness 1mm, three mouthfuls of internal diameters are respectively: 26mm, 24mm, 24mm) are as the solution reaction container 6 of plasma body water treatment; A mouth of internal diameter 26mm is the 1st mouthful, and the built-in silicon rubber O-ring gasket (external diameter 26mm, internal diameter 24mm, thickness 2mm) sealed, for placing fluid jet nozzle 12; Middle port (the 2nd mouthful, internal diameter 24mm) stirs piston and stirring rod 7 for placing; Another collateral mouth (the 3rd mouthful, internal diameter 24mm) is for connecting spherical condensation tube 47; Three mouthfuls of quartz reactor materials are quartz, apply this material, can directly carry out spectrum and immediately detect and do not produce interference in treating processes.
Tenth, the glass spherical prolong 47 is connected water coolant as condensation reflux unit 1 with rubber hose, its Main Function makes action of plasma when the aqueous solution, the steam condensing reflux in prolong produced, fall back in the middle of reactor, to reduce solution losses, improve processing efficiency and reduce experimental error.
More than show and describe ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage.The technician of the industry should understand, and above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any form, the technical scheme that the mode that all employings are equal to replacement or equivalent transformation obtains, and all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device, is characterized in that, comprising:
Reaction vessel, for holding waste water;
Plasma jet generating unit, makes the useless discharge in water of air plasma jet in reaction vessel for generation of air plasma jet; Described plasma jet generating unit comprises compressed gas source, high-voltage power supply, fluid jet nozzle, and described compressed gas source connects high-voltage power supply, and high-voltage power supply connects fluid jet nozzle, and fluid jet nozzle stretches in the waste water in reaction vessel;
Whipping appts, for stirring the waste water in reaction vessel; Described whipping appts comprises agitator motor and synchronous device, stirring rod, and described agitator motor and synchronous device connect stirring rod, and described stirring rod stretches in the waste water in reaction vessel;
Data gathering and control unit, gas meter, for detecting the electric machine rotation photodetector unit of the rotation situation of whipping appts, motor drives and control unit, the first steam line, the second steam line, high-tension cable, high-voltage probe, current probe, oscilloscope, condensation reflux unit; Connected by the first steam line between described compressed gas source and high-voltage power supply; Be connected with high-tension cable respectively by the second steam line between described high-voltage power supply and fluid jet nozzle; Gas meter is arranged on the second steam line; One end of high-voltage probe connects high-voltage power supply by high-tension cable, and the other end of high-voltage probe connects oscilloscope by high-tension cable, and oscilloscope connects current probe by high-tension cable, and current probe connects fluid jet nozzle by high-tension cable; Motor drives and is connected agitator motor and synchronous device with control unit; Data gathering is connected motor with control unit respectively by cable and drives and control unit, compressed gas source, high-voltage power supply, gas meter, electric machine rotation photodetector unit, condensation reflux unit;
Described agitator motor and synchronous device comprise stepper-motor, stepping motor synchronous device, described motor drives and is connected stepper-motor with control unit, stepper-motor connects stepping motor synchronous device, and stepping motor synchronous device is connected stirring rod by synchronizing wheel with Timing Belt.
2. Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described reaction vessel comprise container chamber and be separately positioned on first on container chamber, second mouthful and the 3rd mouthful; Described fluid jet nozzle stretches into first, and described stirring rod stretches into second mouthful, and described condensation reflux unit is arranged on the 3rd mouthful.
3. Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, also comprises the spectrum detection device for detecting air plasma stream components.
4. Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described data gathering and control unit comprise microcontroller, indicating meter, key input unit and device control end, and microcontroller connects indicating meter, key input unit, device control end, motor driving and control unit, compressed gas source, high-voltage power supply, gas meter, electric machine rotation photodetector unit, condensation reflux unit respectively.
5. Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described motor drives and comprises driver control unit, two-phase stepping motor driver element with control unit, microcontroller connects driver control unit, driver control unit connects two-phase stepping motor driver element, and two-phase stepping motor driver element connects agitator motor and synchronous device.
6. Air plasma jet water treatment experiment research device according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described reaction vessel is three mouthfuls of quartz reactors, and described reaction vessel is arranged on reactor base station; Described first steam line and the second steam line are polyfluortetraethylene pipe; Described agitator motor and synchronous device also comprise reactor fixed link, mechanism's mount pad, agitator positioning seat, ball jacket, ball jacket stationary installation, and described ball jacket is arranged on reactor fixed link by ball jacket stationary installation; Ball jacket is fixedly connected with mechanism's mount pad, and mechanism's mount pad is fixedly connected with agitator positioning seat; Described stepper-motor and stepping motor synchronous device are mounted on mechanism's mount pad; Stirring rod is arranged on agitator positioning seat; Described stirring rod is provided with agitating vane, between described stirring rod and second mouthful, is provided with packed-piston; Described condensation reflux unit is spherical condensation tube; Described gas meter is by RS-485 interfacing data data acquisition and controlling unit; Described microcontroller is STC12 series monolithic, driver control unit comprises L297 chip, STC12 series monolithic connects L297 chip, two-phase stepping motor driver element comprises two L6203 chips, L297 chip is connected with two L6203 chips respectively, and L6203 chip connects agitator motor and synchronous device; Described spectrum detection device comprises spectrograph, fibre-optical fixator, optical fiber, PC, and optical fiber one end is fixed on reactor base station by fibre-optical fixator, and the optical fiber the other end connects spectrograph, and spectrograph connects PC.
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| CN101148286A (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2008-03-26 | 浙江大学 | Desulfurization waste water quality recovery method and device thereof |
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