CN103480268B - A kind of semidry method circulation cyclone bed desulfurizing tower - Google Patents
A kind of semidry method circulation cyclone bed desulfurizing tower Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及烟气脱硫塔，特别是循环旋流床半干法烟气脱硫技术。本发明通过设置旋转进气结构，使循环旋流床脱硫塔内气流处于旋转状态，强化气流的湍流强度，使脱硫剂和烟气充分接触，从而提高脱硫效率，同时在脱硫塔上部设置二次风进气结构，加强含尘气流的旋转强度，进行气固分离过程，使气固分离与烟气脱硫在一个塔内完成。 The invention relates to a flue gas desulfurization tower, in particular to a circulating swirl bed semi-dry flue gas desulfurization technology. The invention makes the air flow in the circulating swirl bed desulfurization tower in a rotating state by setting a rotating air intake structure, strengthens the turbulence intensity of the air flow, and makes the desulfurizer fully contact with the flue gas, thereby improving the desulfurization efficiency. The air intake structure strengthens the rotation intensity of the dust-laden airflow, and performs the gas-solid separation process, so that the gas-solid separation and flue gas desulfurization are completed in one tower.
背景技术 Background technique
烟气脱硫(FGD-flue gas desulfurization)按照硫化物吸收剂及副产品的形态，脱硫技术可分为干法、半干法和湿法三种。干法脱硫工艺主要是利用固体吸收剂去除烟气中的SO2，一般把石灰石细粉喷入炉膛中，使其受热分解成CaO，吸收烟气中的SO2，生成CaSO3，与飞灰一起在除尘器收集或经烟囱排出，干法脱硫的优点是治理中无废水、废酸排出，减少了二次污染；缺点是脱硫效率低，设备庞大。湿法烟气脱硫是采用液体吸收剂在离子条件下进行气液反应，去除烟气中的SO2，系统所用设备简单，运行稳定可靠，脱硫效率高，但脱硫后烟气温度较低，设备的腐蚀较干法严重。 Flue gas desulfurization (FGD-flue gas desulfurization) According to the form of sulfide absorbent and by-products, desulfurization technology can be divided into three types: dry method, semi-dry method and wet method. The dry desulfurization process mainly uses solid absorbents to remove SO 2 in the flue gas. Generally, fine limestone powder is sprayed into the furnace to decompose it into CaO by heat, absorb SO 2 in the flue gas, and generate CaSO 3 , which is combined with fly ash It is collected in the dust collector or discharged through the chimney. The advantage of dry desulfurization is that there is no waste water and waste acid discharge in the treatment, which reduces secondary pollution; the disadvantage is that the desulfurization efficiency is low and the equipment is huge. Wet flue gas desulfurization is to use liquid absorbent to carry out gas-liquid reaction under ionic conditions to remove SO 2 in the flue gas. The equipment used in the system is simple, stable and reliable, and the desulfurization efficiency is high. The corrosion is more serious than the dry method.
半干法脱硫工艺介于干法和湿法之间。半干法脱硫工艺的典型实例是烟气循环流化床脱硫工艺(CFB-FGD，circulating fluidized bed flue gas desulfurization)。该工艺以循环流化床原理为基础，主体设备是脱硫塔，烟气的脱硫过程在脱硫塔内进行。脱硫吸收剂一般为Ca(OH)2干粉，颗粒很细，在10μm以下。在烟气循环流化床脱硫工艺中含硫烟气通常从脱硫塔底部进入，烟气经文丘里管后速度加快，并与很细的吸收剂粉末互相结合，在塔内均匀上行。脱硫塔的底部向塔内喷入脱硫剂和适量雾化水。脱硫吸收剂和适量雾化水在上行 过程中与烟气中的硫化物进行反应，脱出烟气中硫含物。因此这种反应过程是一个气固浓度均匀分布的反应过程，烟气与脱硫剂在浓度均匀分布和速度均匀分布下进行。脱硫后的烟气从塔顶流出，进入旋风分离器中进行气固分离，将脱硫吸收剂固体颗粒的大部分从烟气中分离出来。这些收集的固体颗粒经过一个中间灰仓和循环管返回脱硫塔继续使用。由于大部分颗粒都循环多次，因此吸收剂在脱硫塔内的滞留时间很长，一般可达30分钟以上，大大提高了吸收剂的利用率。循环流化床脱硫不但具有干法工艺的许多优点，如流程简单，占地少，投资小以及副产品可以综合利用等，而且能在很低的钙硫比情况下(Ca／S=1.1～1.2)达到较高的脱硫效率(95％以上)。 The semi-dry desulfurization process is between the dry method and the wet method. A typical example of a semi-dry desulfurization process is a flue gas circulating fluidized bed desulfurization process (CFB-FGD, circulating fluidized bed flue gas desulfurization). The process is based on the principle of circulating fluidized bed, the main equipment is a desulfurization tower, and the desulfurization process of flue gas is carried out in the desulfurization tower. The desulfurization absorbent is generally Ca(OH) 2 dry powder, the particles are very fine, below 10μm. In the flue gas circulating fluidized bed desulfurization process, the sulfur-containing flue gas usually enters from the bottom of the desulfurization tower, and the flue gas speeds up after passing through the Venturi tube, and is combined with very fine absorbent powder, and goes upward evenly in the tower. The bottom of the desulfurization tower sprays desulfurizer and appropriate amount of atomized water into the tower. The desulfurization absorbent and an appropriate amount of atomized water react with the sulfide in the flue gas during the upward process to remove the sulfur content in the flue gas. Therefore, this reaction process is a reaction process with uniform gas-solid concentration distribution, and the flue gas and desulfurizer are carried out under uniform concentration distribution and uniform velocity distribution. The flue gas after desulfurization flows out from the top of the tower, enters the cyclone separator for gas-solid separation, and separates most of the solid particles of the desulfurization absorbent from the flue gas. These collected solid particles return to the desulfurization tower through an intermediate ash bin and circulation pipe for further use. Because most of the particles are recycled many times, the residence time of the absorbent in the desulfurization tower is very long, generally up to 30 minutes, which greatly improves the utilization rate of the absorbent. Circulating fluidized bed desulfurization not only has many advantages of dry process, such as simple process, less land occupation, small investment and comprehensive utilization of by-products, but also can be used at a very low calcium-sulfur ratio (Ca/S=1.1～1.2 ) to achieve high desulfurization efficiency (above 95%).
由于烟气的脱硫过程是在脱硫塔内进行的，因此脱硫塔内的气固两相流动特征是影响脱硫效果的重要因素之一。目前的脱硫塔在流化方式上，多采用布风板或文丘里管，目的是均匀分配气流，维持流化床气固浓度均匀分布的反应特点。理想的流动状态是在不同塔截面上上行气流分布尽可能均匀、对称，充分发挥脱硫塔内的有效空间，充分利用脱硫剂完成脱硫过程，提高烟气脱硫效率。 Since the desulfurization process of flue gas is carried out in the desulfurization tower, the gas-solid two-phase flow characteristics in the desulfurization tower is one of the important factors affecting the desulfurization effect. In the fluidization mode of the current desulfurization tower, air distribution plates or venturi tubes are mostly used, the purpose is to evenly distribute the airflow and maintain the reaction characteristics of the uniform distribution of gas-solid concentration in the fluidized bed. The ideal flow state is to distribute the upward airflow as evenly and symmetrically as possible on different tower sections, to make full use of the effective space in the desulfurization tower, to make full use of the desulfurizer to complete the desulfurization process, and to improve the flue gas desulfurization efficiency.
但这种反应过程存在以下不足： But there is following deficiency in this reaction process:
1.半干法循环流化床脱硫工艺的脱硫和分离是在两个设备内进行的，烟气脱硫在脱硫塔内进行，烟气和吸收剂的分离在旋风分离器内进行。由于脱硫塔和旋风分离器两器布置，工艺设备整体布置占地面积大，设备尺寸也很大。 1. The desulfurization and separation of the semi-dry circulating fluidized bed desulfurization process are carried out in two devices, the flue gas desulfurization is carried out in the desulfurization tower, and the separation of flue gas and absorbent is carried out in the cyclone separator. Due to the arrangement of the desulfurization tower and the cyclone separator, the overall layout of the process equipment occupies a large area and the size of the equipment is also large.
2.脱硫塔内是均匀上行的气流，气流剪切力较小，湍流强度不高，烟气与脱硫剂接触不激烈，混合不充分，不能强化烟气与脱硫剂的反应过程。 2. In the desulfurization tower, there is a uniform upward airflow, the shear force of the airflow is small, the turbulence intensity is not high, the contact between the flue gas and the desulfurizer is not intense, the mixing is not sufficient, and the reaction process between the flue gas and the desulfurizer cannot be strengthened.
3.由于脱硫塔内气固之间的剪切力比较小，颗粒之间的摩擦碰撞不激烈，脱硫剂颗粒表面的反应产物保留下来，阻碍了外部烟气与颗粒内部的脱硫剂继 续进行反应，不能充分利用脱硫剂。 3. Since the shear force between gas and solid in the desulfurization tower is relatively small, the friction and collision between the particles is not intense, and the reaction product on the surface of the desulfurizer particles remains, which hinders the continuous progress of the external flue gas and the desulfurizer inside the particles reaction, the desulfurizer cannot be fully utilized.
4.受脱硫塔的基础支撑结构的限制和烟气管道布置的需要，烟气管道通常由脱硫塔底部一侧水平进入，通过90°弯管上行进入脱硫塔，受到气体惯性的影响，使进入脱硫塔的烟气速度分布不均匀，存在比较大的速度偏流。虽然通过单个文丘里管或多个文丘里管可以调整部分偏流，但受到不能产生很大压降的限制，这种调整是有限的，尤其是大直径的脱硫塔，难以维持脱硫塔内的烟气速度均匀分布。 4. Due to the limitation of the basic support structure of the desulfurization tower and the needs of the layout of the flue gas pipeline, the flue gas pipeline usually enters horizontally from the bottom side of the desulfurization tower, and enters the desulfurization tower through a 90° elbow, which is affected by the inertia of the gas. The velocity distribution of the flue gas in the desulfurization tower is uneven, and there is a relatively large velocity bias. Although part of the bias flow can be adjusted through a single venturi tube or multiple venturi tubes, this adjustment is limited due to the limitation of not generating a large pressure drop, especially for large-diameter desulfurization towers, it is difficult to maintain the flue gas in the desulfurization tower The gas velocity is evenly distributed.
5.烟气管道的设置方式，先水平进入，再通过90°弯管和文丘里管上行进入脱硫塔的结构，增加了脱硫塔的整体高度。 5. The flue gas pipeline is set up in a horizontal way, and then enters the structure of the desulfurization tower through a 90° elbow and a Venturi tube, which increases the overall height of the desulfurization tower.
6.通常脱硫剂的进口设在脱硫塔底部的侧壁上，这样脱硫剂进入后会造成在脱硫塔内部分布不均，进入口处脱硫剂浓度较高，其他位置的脱硫剂浓度偏低，导致喷入塔内的脱硫剂在脱硫塔内的停留时间不均匀，存在很大的差异，影响脱硫效率和脱硫剂的利用率。 6. Usually, the inlet of the desulfurization agent is set on the side wall at the bottom of the desulfurization tower, so that after the desulfurization agent enters, it will cause uneven distribution inside the desulfurization tower. As a result, the residence time of the desulfurizing agent sprayed into the tower is not uniform in the desulfurizing tower, and there is a large difference, which affects the desulfurization efficiency and the utilization rate of the desulfurizing agent.
中国发明专利CN200410101852.6提出一种循环流化床烟气脱硫除尘一体化方法及装置，在脱硫塔底部设置预分离室，预分离室采用双向切向进气结构在预分离室形成旋转流，但目的是实现烟气的缓冲和烟气中固体颗粒的预分离，没有脱硫反应进行，分离后烟气再经过过渡段进入脱硫塔，过渡段形式类似文丘里管束，作用仍是分配气流，脱硫塔内的气流流场是均匀上行的。 Chinese invention patent CN200410101852.6 proposes an integrated method and device for circulating fluidized bed flue gas desulfurization and dust removal. A pre-separation chamber is installed at the bottom of the desulfurization tower. The pre-separation chamber adopts a bidirectional tangential air intake structure to form a swirling flow in the pre-separation chamber. But the purpose is to realize the buffering of the flue gas and the pre-separation of solid particles in the flue gas. There is no desulfurization reaction. After the separation, the flue gas enters the desulfurization tower through the transition section. The air flow field in the tower is uniform upward.
中国发明专利CN200410101853.0提出一种干式循环流化床脱硫反应塔，在脱硫塔底部设置预分离室，预分离室切向进气形成旋转流，目的是实现烟气的缓冲和烟气中固体颗粒的预分离，没有脱硫反应进行，分离后烟气再经过文丘里段进入脱硫塔，脱硫塔内的气流流场是均匀上行的。 Chinese invention patent CN200410101853.0 proposes a dry circulating fluidized bed desulfurization reaction tower. A pre-separation chamber is set at the bottom of the desulfurization tower. There is no desulfurization reaction for the pre-separation of solid particles. After separation, the flue gas enters the desulfurization tower through the Venturi section, and the air flow field in the desulfurization tower is evenly upward.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明是在脱硫塔内构建一个旋转流场实现烟气的充分混合接触，强化脱硫塔内的脱硫反应过程，同时设置二次风强化旋转流的强度，在脱硫塔内实现气固之间的分离过程。 The present invention builds a swirling flow field in the desulfurization tower to realize the full mixing and contact of the flue gas, strengthens the desulfurization reaction process in the desulfurization tower, and sets the secondary wind to strengthen the strength of the swirling flow at the same time, and realizes the gas-solid interaction in the desulfurization tower. separation process.
本发明通过提供一种脱硫塔烟气切向进气结构，在脱硫塔内形成一个旋转流，由于离心力场的存在，将传统的均相反应过程改进为非均相反应过程。通过上述方法解决传统的脱硫塔内流场剪切力比较小，气流湍流强度不高，烟气与脱硫剂接触不充分，脱硫剂利用率不高的问题。 The invention provides a flue gas tangential intake structure of the desulfurization tower, forms a swirling flow in the desulfurization tower, and improves the traditional homogeneous reaction process into a heterogeneous reaction process due to the existence of the centrifugal force field. The above method solves the problems of relatively small shear force of the flow field in the traditional desulfurization tower, low air turbulence intensity, insufficient contact between the flue gas and the desulfurizer, and low utilization rate of the desulfurizer.
本发明通过提供一种脱硫塔的二次风切向进气喷嘴，强化脱硫塔内的旋转流场。在离心力场的条件下，实现烟气与脱硫吸收剂的气固分离过程。 The invention strengthens the swirling flow field in the desulfurization tower by providing a secondary air tangential air inlet nozzle of the desulfurization tower. Under the condition of centrifugal force field, the gas-solid separation process of flue gas and desulfurization absorbent is realized.
本发明通过提供一种文丘里进料结构，将分离收集的吸收剂重新加入到脱硫塔内，强化脱硫吸收剂的循环次数，延长脱硫吸收剂的停留时间。 The invention provides a Venturi feeding structure, refills the separated and collected absorbent into the desulfurization tower, strengthens the cycle times of the desulfurization absorbent, and prolongs the residence time of the desulfurization absorbent.
本发明一种半干法循环旋流床脱硫塔，包括烟气进气管(1)，文丘里管(2)，吸收剂进料口(3)，循环脱硫反应器(4)，二次风流量控制阀(5)，导向叶片(6)，分布器(7)，二次风管(8)，烟气出口管(9)，脱硫塔(10)，二次风喷嘴(11)，二次风分配器(12)，脱硫吸收剂出口管(13)，螺旋叶片(14)，脱硫吸收剂入口管(15)，脱硫剂排料口(16)，其特征在于：烟气进气管(1)与文丘里管(2)连接，文丘里管(2)与循环脱硫反应器(4)连接，循环脱硫反应器(4)中部设置连接脱硫吸收剂入口管(15)，脱硫吸收剂入口管(15)出口安装螺旋叶片(14)，循环脱硫反应器(4)与脱硫吸收剂入口管(15)环形之间设置导向叶片(6)，循环脱硫反应器(4)出口设置分布器(7)，循环脱硫反应器(4)设置在脱硫塔(10)的底部，脱硫塔(10)的顶部设置二次风分配器(12)，二次风分配器(12)内部设置二次风喷嘴(11)，二次风喷嘴(11) 以切向方式安装在脱硫塔(10)的顶部，二次风管(8)入口连接烟气进气管(1)，二次风管(8)出口连接二次风分配器(12)，二次风管(8)管道上安装二次风流量控制阀(5)，吸收剂进料口(3)设置在文丘里管(2)中部，脱硫剂排料口(16)设置在脱硫塔(10)的下部，烟气出口管(9)位于脱硫塔(10)的顶部。 A semi-dry circulating swirling bed desulfurization tower of the present invention comprises a flue gas inlet pipe (1), a Venturi tube (2), an absorbent feed port (3), a circulating desulfurization reactor (4), and a secondary air Flow control valve (5), guide vane (6), distributor (7), secondary air pipe (8), flue gas outlet pipe (9), desulfurization tower (10), secondary air nozzle (11), two Secondary air distributor (12), desulfurization absorbent outlet pipe (13), spiral blade (14), desulfurization absorbent inlet pipe (15), desulfurization agent discharge port (16), is characterized in that: flue gas inlet pipe ( 1) Connect with the Venturi tube (2), and the Venturi tube (2) is connected with the circulating desulfurization reactor (4). Spiral blades (14) are installed at the outlet of the pipe (15), guide blades (6) are arranged between the circular desulfurization reactor (4) and the desulfurization absorbent inlet pipe (15), and a distributor ( 7), the circulating desulfurization reactor (4) is arranged at the bottom of the desulfurization tower (10), the top of the desulfurization tower (10) is provided with a secondary air distributor (12), and the secondary air distributor (12) is provided with a secondary air Nozzles (11), secondary air nozzles (11) are installed tangentially on the top of the desulfurization tower (10), the inlet of the secondary air pipe (8) is connected to the flue gas inlet pipe (1), the secondary air pipe (8) The outlet is connected to the secondary air distributor (12), the secondary air flow control valve (5) is installed on the secondary air pipe (8), the absorbent inlet (3) is set in the middle of the Venturi tube (2), and the desulfurization The agent discharge port (16) is arranged at the lower part of the desulfurization tower (10), and the flue gas outlet pipe (9) is located at the top of the desulfurization tower (10).
以切向方式安装在脱硫塔(10)的顶部，二次风管(8)入口连接烟气进气管(1)，二次风管(8)出口连接二次风分配器(12)，二次风管(8)管道上安装二次风流量控制阀(5)，吸收剂进料口(3)设置在文丘里管(2)中部，脱硫剂排料口(16)设置在脱硫塔(10)的下部，烟气出口管(9)位于脱硫塔(10)的顶部。 Installed tangentially on the top of the desulfurization tower (10), the inlet of the secondary air pipe (8) is connected to the flue gas inlet pipe (1), the outlet of the secondary air pipe (8) is connected to the secondary air distributor (12), and the secondary air pipe (8) is connected to the secondary air distributor (12). The secondary air flow control valve (5) is installed on the secondary air pipe (8), the absorbent feed port (3) is set in the middle of the Venturi tube (2), and the desulfurizer discharge port (16) is set in the desulfurization tower ( 10), the flue gas outlet pipe (9) is located at the top of the desulfurization tower (10).
本发明一种半干法循环旋流床脱硫塔，其特征在于：所述的循环脱硫反应器(4)位于脱硫塔底部中心位置，循环脱硫反应器(4)下部连接文丘里管(2)，二次风分配器(12)安装在脱硫塔(10)顶部。 A semi-dry circulating swirling bed desulfurization tower of the present invention is characterized in that: the circulating desulfurization reactor (4) is located at the center of the bottom of the desulfurization tower, and the lower part of the circulating desulfurization reactor (4) is connected to the Venturi tube (2) , the secondary air distributor (12) is installed on the top of the desulfurization tower (10).
本发明一种半干法循环旋流床脱硫塔，其特征在于：所述的二次风分配器(12)内部设置多个二次风喷嘴(11)，二次风喷嘴(11)以切向方式安装在脱硫塔(10)的顶部。 A semi-dry circulating swirling bed desulfurization tower of the present invention is characterized in that: multiple secondary air nozzles (11) are arranged inside the secondary air distributor (12), and the secondary air nozzles (11) are cut The way is installed on the top of the desulfurization tower (10).
本发明在脱硫塔底部设置循环脱硫反应器(4)，其目的在于克服传统脱硫塔内烟气气流剪切力比较小，气流湍流强度不高，烟气与脱硫剂接触不充分，脱硫剂利用率不高的问题。循环脱硫反应器(4)切向出气结构使得烟气在脱硫塔内形成强烈的旋转流。在旋转流的作用下，气流的剪切力和湍流强度提高，烟气与脱硫剂的充分接触和混合得到强化。由于旋转流的作用，脱硫剂颗粒之间相互碰撞和摩擦，使脱硫剂颗粒表面的反应产物脱落，脱硫剂颗粒内部活性高的部分继续参加反应，提高脱硫剂的利用率。同时颗粒在离心力的作用下，颗粒间的剪切分离作用增强，颗粒不易聚团，不产生沉积，颗粒容易被上行烟气带走。脱硫剂的入口设置在脱硫塔的中心部位，由于旋流的喷射作用使脱硫剂均匀的分布在脱硫塔内部，避免了以往脱硫剂在侧壁进入产生的脱硫剂分布不均匀的问题。虽然旋转流的作用使脱硫剂颗粒向器壁运动，但由于颗粒的粒径比较小，旋转流的切向有限，颗粒运动到器壁的时间足大于脱硫剂的反应时 间。 The present invention arranges a circulating desulfurization reactor (4) at the bottom of the desulfurization tower, and its purpose is to overcome the relatively small shear force of the flue gas flow in the traditional desulfurization tower, the low turbulence intensity of the air flow, the insufficient contact between the flue gas and the desulfurizer, and the utilization of the desulfurizer. low rate problem. The tangential gas outlet structure of the circulating desulfurization reactor (4) makes the flue gas form a strong swirling flow in the desulfurization tower. Under the action of swirling flow, the shear force and turbulence intensity of the airflow are increased, and the full contact and mixing of the flue gas and the desulfurizer are strengthened. Due to the effect of the swirling flow, the desulfurizer particles collide and rub against each other, causing the reaction products on the surface of the desulfurizer particles to fall off, and the highly active parts inside the desulfurizer particles continue to participate in the reaction, improving the utilization rate of the desulfurizer. At the same time, under the action of centrifugal force, the shear separation between particles is strengthened, the particles are not easy to agglomerate, no deposition occurs, and the particles are easily taken away by the upward smoke. The inlet of the desulfurization agent is set at the center of the desulfurization tower, and the desulfurization agent is evenly distributed inside the desulfurization tower due to the jetting effect of the swirl flow, which avoids the problem of uneven distribution of the desulfurization agent caused by the entry of the desulfurization agent into the side wall in the past. Although the role of the swirling flow makes the desulfurizer particles move to the wall, but due to the relatively small size of the particles, the tangential direction of the swirling flow is limited, and the time for the particles to move to the wall is longer than the reaction time of the desulfurizer.
本发明通过提供一种脱硫塔的二次风切向进气喷嘴(11)，其目的是切向引入高速气流。二次风的喷入使得脱硫塔内气流的旋转速度增加，强化脱硫塔内的旋转离心力流场，实现烟气与脱硫吸收剂的气固分离过程。同时向下的轴向速度携带被分离的脱硫吸收剂颗粒下行，进入到脱硫塔下部的积尘室，减少了脱硫吸收剂颗粒在脱硫塔内的返混。 The invention provides a secondary air tangential air inlet nozzle (11) of a desulfurization tower, the purpose of which is to tangentially introduce high-speed airflow. The injection of secondary air increases the rotational speed of the airflow in the desulfurization tower, strengthens the rotating centrifugal force flow field in the desulfurization tower, and realizes the gas-solid separation process of flue gas and desulfurization absorbent. At the same time, the downward axial velocity carries the separated desulfurization absorbent particles down and enters the dust accumulation chamber at the lower part of the desulfurization tower, reducing the back-mixing of the desulfurization absorbent particles in the desulfurization tower.
本发明通过提供一种在文丘里管(2)中部设置吸收剂进料口(3)，使脱硫吸收剂颗粒被抽吸进入循环脱硫反应器(4)，维持脱硫塔内颗粒的循环倍率，保证脱硫吸收剂颗粒的停留时间，提高脱硫吸收剂的利用率。 The present invention provides an absorbent feeding port (3) in the middle of the Venturi tube (2), so that the desulfurization absorbent particles are sucked into the circulating desulfurization reactor (4), and the circulation rate of the particles in the desulfurization tower is maintained, Ensure the residence time of the desulfurization absorbent particles and improve the utilization rate of the desulfurization absorbent.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步详细地说明。 The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
图1是循环旋流床脱硫塔的结构图。 Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a circulating swirl bed desulfurization tower.
图2是二次风分配器。 Figure 2 is the secondary air distributor.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图3是二次风喷嘴。 Figure 3 is the secondary air nozzle.
图1是循环旋流床脱硫塔的结构图。在使用本发明一种半干法循环旋流床脱硫塔，烟气从烟气进气管(1)，经文丘里管(2)进入循环脱硫反应器(4)。由于文丘里管(2)的抽吸作用，积尘室的吸收剂颗粒被抽进循环脱硫反应器(4)。在循环脱硫反应器(4)出口设置有导向叶片(6)，当烟气流出后形成旋转，使得循环流化床脱硫塔内形成强旋转流场。新鲜脱硫吸收剂由位于脱硫塔底部中心位置的循环脱硫反应器(4)中心的脱硫吸收剂出口管(13)喷出，射向分布器(7)，同时设置螺旋叶片(14)形成旋转出料，与烟气的旋向相同。脱硫剂进入脱硫塔后向四周均匀散射，脱硫剂在脱硫塔内均匀分布。 Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a circulating swirl bed desulfurization tower. When a semi-dry circulating swirling bed desulfurization tower of the present invention is used, the flue gas enters the circulating desulfurization reactor (4) from the flue gas inlet pipe (1) through the Venturi tube (2). Due to the suction effect of the Venturi tube (2), the absorbent particles in the dust chamber are drawn into the circulating desulfurization reactor (4). A guide vane (6) is arranged at the outlet of the circulating desulfurization reactor (4) to form a rotation when the flue gas flows out, so that a strong rotating flow field is formed in the circulating fluidized bed desulfurization tower. The fresh desulfurization absorbent is ejected from the desulfurization absorbent outlet pipe (13) in the center of the circulating desulfurization reactor (4) located at the center of the bottom of the desulfurization tower, and shoots to the distributor (7). The material has the same swirl direction as the flue gas. After the desulfurization agent enters the desulfurization tower, it scatters evenly around, and the desulfurization agent is evenly distributed in the desulfurization tower.
脱硫塔内部在旋转流的作用下，形成强烈的旋转流，构成三维速度场，气流的剪切力和湍流强度提高，保证烟气与脱硫剂之间充分接触和混合。由于旋转流的作用，脱硫剂颗粒之间相互碰撞和摩擦，脱硫剂颗粒在器壁表面浓缩旋转，使脱硫剂颗粒表面的反应产物脱落，脱硫剂颗粒内部活性高的部分继续参加反应，充分利用了脱硫剂，提高脱硫剂的利用率。同时颗粒在离心力的作用下，颗粒间的剪切分离作用增强，颗粒不易聚团，不产生沉积，颗粒容易被上行烟气带走。 Under the action of the swirling flow inside the desulfurization tower, a strong swirling flow is formed to form a three-dimensional velocity field, and the shear force and turbulence intensity of the airflow are increased to ensure sufficient contact and mixing between the flue gas and the desulfurizer. Due to the effect of the swirling flow, the desulfurizer particles collide and rub against each other, and the desulfurizer particles concentrate and rotate on the surface of the vessel wall, causing the reaction products on the surface of the desulfurizer particles to fall off, and the highly active parts inside the desulfurizer particles continue to participate in the reaction, making full use of the desulfurizer particles. The desulfurization agent is added, and the utilization rate of the desulfurization agent is improved. At the same time, under the action of centrifugal force, the shear separation between particles is strengthened, the particles are not easy to agglomerate, no deposition occurs, and the particles are easily taken away by the upward smoke.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
在脱硫塔的顶部设置二次风分配器(12)，二次风通过二次风喷嘴(11)切向进入脱硫塔(10)，旋向与来自循环脱硫反应器(4)的旋转气流一致。二次风流量由设置在二次风管(8)上的二次风流量控制阀(5)进行调节。由于二次风的入口速度比较高，使顶部的旋转气流的强度显著提高，具有很强的离心分离功能，将脱硫吸收剂颗粒与烟气分离，经过4～6s的反应时间后到达器壁，脱硫吸收剂颗粒沿器壁下行。由于脱硫塔中部上行轴向速度是比较大的，夹带颗粒上行，可以避免颗粒的沉降。而器壁附近的轴向速度向下，输送颗粒进入到脱硫塔底部的积尘室。脱硫后的烟气从位于脱硫塔(10)顶部的烟气出口管(9)流出。 A secondary air distributor (12) is arranged on the top of the desulfurization tower, and the secondary air enters the desulfurization tower (10) tangentially through the secondary air nozzle (11), and the direction of rotation is consistent with the rotating air flow from the circulating desulfurization reactor (4) . The secondary air flow is regulated by the secondary air flow control valve (5) arranged on the secondary air pipe (8). Due to the relatively high inlet velocity of the secondary air, the strength of the rotating airflow at the top is significantly improved, and it has a strong centrifugal separation function, which separates the desulfurization absorbent particles from the flue gas, and reaches the wall of the device after a reaction time of 4 to 6 seconds. The desulfurization absorbent particles descend along the wall of the vessel. Since the upward axial velocity in the middle of the desulfurization tower is relatively large, entraining the particles upward can avoid the settlement of the particles. While the axial velocity near the wall is downward, the transport particles enter the dust accumulation chamber at the bottom of the desulfurization tower. The desulfurized flue gas flows out from the flue gas outlet pipe (9) at the top of the desulfurization tower (10).
在积尘室内，中心部分是文丘里管(2)，在文丘里管上开吸收剂进料口(3)。由于文丘里管内部气流的抽吸作用，使积尘室的吸收剂颗粒卷吸进入文丘里管，通过文丘里管流向循环脱硫反应器(4)，再次进入脱硫塔循环使用，从而维持吸收剂的循环。同时在循环脱硫反应器(4)内烟气与脱硫吸收剂进行烟气脱硫反应过程。 In the dust collection chamber, the central part is a Venturi tube (2), and an absorbent feed port (3) is opened on the Venturi tube. Due to the suction effect of the airflow inside the Venturi tube, the absorbent particles in the dust chamber are entrained into the Venturi tube, flow to the circulating desulfurization reactor (4) through the Venturi tube, and then enter the desulfurization tower for recycling, thereby maintaining the absorbent cycle. Simultaneously, the flue gas and the desulfurization absorbent in the circulating desulfurization reactor (4) undergo a flue gas desulfurization reaction process.
积尘室设置脱硫剂排料口(16)，根据吸收剂的供给量以及除尘分离效率，按比例排出吸收剂，送到灰仓待外运。 The desulfurization agent discharge port (16) is set in the dust accumulation chamber, and according to the supply amount of the absorbent and the dust removal and separation efficiency, the absorbent is discharged in proportion and sent to the ash bin for transportation.
本发明一种半干法循环旋流床脱硫塔，其理论基础是采用非均匀浓度分布的反应模式，改变以往脱硫塔的均匀浓度的反应模式，通过在脱硫塔底部设置循环脱硫反应器，在脱硫塔顶部设置二次风进气，将流化气动力和旋转离心力有机结合，具有以下有益效果： A semi-dry circulating swirling bed desulfurization tower of the present invention, its theoretical basis is to adopt the reaction mode of non-uniform concentration distribution, change the reaction mode of uniform concentration of the previous desulfurization tower, and set a circulating desulfurization reactor at the bottom of the desulfurization tower, The top of the desulfurization tower is equipped with secondary air intake, which organically combines fluidization gas force and rotating centrifugal force, and has the following beneficial effects:
1.烟气在脱硫塔内形成强旋转流，脱硫剂颗粒浓度分布不均匀，气流之间存在比较大的剪切力，气流的湍流强度也大大提高，具有良好的气固接触、混合、湍动作用，维持脱硫剂与烟气之间的充分接触，强化烟气与脱硫剂的脱硫反应过程。 1. The flue gas forms a strong swirling flow in the desulfurization tower, the concentration of desulfurizer particles is unevenly distributed, there is a relatively large shear force between the airflows, and the turbulence intensity of the airflow is also greatly improved, with good gas-solid contact, mixing, turbulence Action, maintain sufficient contact between the desulfurizer and the flue gas, and strengthen the desulfurization reaction process between the flue gas and the desulfurizer.
2.由于旋转流的离心作用，脱硫剂颗粒在器壁表面浓缩旋转，颗粒之间的碰撞摩擦使颗粒表面的反应产物脱落，内部的新鲜脱硫剂继续与烟气接触参加反应，充分利用了脱硫剂，提高脱硫效率，效果显著。同时旋转流的离心作用，脱硫剂颗粒在器壁表面浓缩旋转，在器壁表面形成较强的冲刷，可以有效的防止粘壁现象发生。 2. Due to the centrifugal effect of the swirling flow, the desulfurizer particles are concentrated and rotated on the surface of the wall, and the collision and friction between the particles make the reaction products on the surface of the particles fall off, and the fresh desulfurizer inside continues to contact with the flue gas to participate in the reaction, making full use of the desulfurization agent, improve the desulfurization efficiency, the effect is remarkable. At the same time, due to the centrifugal effect of the swirling flow, the desulfurizer particles concentrate and rotate on the surface of the vessel wall, forming a strong scour on the surface of the vessel wall, which can effectively prevent the phenomenon of sticking to the wall.
3.由于二次风的强化旋流作用，具有分离吸收剂的功能，可以取消常规循环流化床脱硫工艺的外置旋风分离器使设备结构紧凑、合理、便于安装和维护。 3. Due to the enhanced swirling effect of the secondary air, it has the function of separating the absorbent, and can cancel the external cyclone separator of the conventional circulating fluidized bed desulfurization process, making the equipment compact, reasonable, and easy to install and maintain.
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| CN106039973A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-10-26 | 钱诚 | Annular air inlet device of desulfurization absorption tower |
| CN106345375B (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2019-05-31 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | A kind of common loop reactor simultaneous with reaction and separation function |
| CN106925109B (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2023-05-23 | 山西大学 | Device and method for removing sulfur trioxide in coal-fired flue gas by adopting cyclone ejector |
| CN107469611B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-07-19 | 浙江千尧环境工程有限公司 | A kind of coke oven desulphurization system |
| CN209405852U (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2019-09-20 | 启东市供销机械有限公司 | A kind of accelerating separtor |
| CN109966882A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-05 | 山东中玻节能环保发展有限公司 | A turbulent mixing sintering machine flue gas dry desulfurization device |
| CN111545042B (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏峰峰鸿运环保科技发展有限公司 | Flue gas semi-dry desulfurization device and method |
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| CN112642283A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-04-13 | 中国华电科工集团有限公司 | High-speed turbulence strong-rotation semidry desulfurization device and operation method thereof |
| CN112844001B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2024-11-15 | 浙江菲达环保科技股份有限公司 | A solid powder dispersion device for dry desulfurization |
| CN113398726A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-17 | 盘锦浩业化工有限公司 | Semidry flue gas desulfurization method and system |
| CN116351222B (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-10-17 | 北京中科润宇环保科技股份有限公司 | Dry flue gas deacidification reaction device and working method |
| CN117654234B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-09-24 | 包头市新恒丰能源有限公司 | SDS dry desulfurization system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201304320Y (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2009-09-09 | 中国石化集团宁波工程有限公司 | Semidry desulfurizing tower device with Venturi pipe |
| CN201692767U (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-05 | 东莞市龙记环保科技有限公司 | Semidry flue gas desulfurization device |
| CN201832556U (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2011-05-18 | 江苏亿金环保设备工程有限公司 | Semi-dry-method flue gas desulfurizer |
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