CN103476461B - The method of protection aircraft occupant and respiratory mask - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of protection aircraft occupant comprises the steps of the respiratory mask (4) providing an aircraft occupant for user (7); the breathing gas (62) including the mixture of breathable gas and diluent gas is supplied to user (7); detect the oxygen in the exhaled gas (64) that user (7) produces or carbon dioxide dividing potential drop or containing ratio, adjust the rate of oxygen in (60) breathing gas (62).

Description

The method of protection aircraft occupant and respiratory mask

Technical field

The respiratory mask and a kind of protection aircraft that the present invention relates to a kind of aviation oxygen actuator are taken advantage of Member (passenger and/or crew) is dilute from harm relevant to smog in During Decompression and/or cabin Release regulation method.

Especially, the present invention relates to the regulation to the breathing gas being supplied to user to meet user Needs, this regulation uses a kind of breathable gas source supplying pure oxygen, and (oxygen cylinder, chemical oxygen generation is sent out Raw device or liquid oxygen converter) or highly rich in the gas of oxygen, such as a kind of On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS)。

Guarantee during for decompression occurring in aircraft and/or smog occurring to protect passenger and/or machine composition Member, oxygenregulator should be according to a kind of breathing gas of cabin altitude release, and this kind of gas is diluent gas (usually air) and the mixture of breathable gas.After decompression, cabin altitude has reached close The value of flying height.The force value in cabin typically refers to cabin altitude.Cabin altitude is defined as and protects Hold the height that the air of pressurization in cabin is corresponding.This value is different from flying height.Flying height For actual physics height.Corresponding relation between pressure and conventional height defines in the table.Federal boat Air delivery (FAR) is that civil aviation sets in the breathing gas depending on cabin altitude oxygen Low-ratio.

Background technology

The crew of great majority protection at present avoids the respiratory mask of anoxia and is provided with oxygen regulator, its profit The dividing potential drop of oxygen in breathing gas is controlled by open loop by pneumatics.In this technology, air Being inhaled into by diluent gas supply line by means of Venturi tube, Venturi tube provides by sucking gas The suction that the high velocity stream of body is formed.One aneroid capsule (also referred to as altimeter) is by adjusting diluent gas The cross section of supply line regulates height oxygen enrichment percentage.From document US6,994,086, FR1484691 Or US6,796,306 although it is understood that such oxygenregulator.Because oxygen enrichment percentage depends on by vacuum The cross section of the diluent gas supply line of bellows clearance control, oxygen consumption is for all cabin altitude scopes And/or all breathing ventilation installations is all unable to reach optimum.

Save oxygen need make electropneumatic regulators be developed, such as document US4,336,590, US6, described in 789,539, US2007/0107729 or US2009/O277449.These equipment leads to The method crossing a kind of " suction gas content " carries out closed loop control to breathing gas.These are only to offer To the equipment that pilot rather than the gas content of pilot's physiological status are sensitive, need quick sensor And executor, with to sucking gas execution accurate " in real time " control.

Other publications of such as patent WO2008/068545 utilize arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) Method adjust breathing gas content.This physiological parameter can be transported with by the amount of oxygen of blood transportation is same Ratio between the theoretical maximum amount of gas transmission body is corresponding.It is with arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) relevant, According to the Barcroft curve shown in Fig. 1 or hemoglobin dissociation curve, this curve can be along with The change of several factors and change, such as blood pH (saturation declines with acid-base value), alveolar Carbon dioxide dividing potential drop PaCO2 (PaCO₂SaO during rising₂Decline) and temperature (when blood heat rise Time, SaO₂Decline).

PaO₂It is the data of a kind of very difficult measurement, in contrast, utilizes pulse blood oxygen agent SaO₂Can be easy In measurement.But once PaO₂Reaching 80hPa, curve is almost flat, shows on this point Saturation have almost no change.This is for target PaO₂Level is in passenger's anoxia of below 80hPa Protection is not problem, but for target PaO₂Level forms at the accurate machine of about 100hPa Member hypoxia protection for the most inapplicable.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of reliable, the most cheap and simple to operate oxygen supply regulation Device, this actuator provides and meets minimum necessary amounts simultaneously close to the rate of oxygen of minimum necessary amounts.

For this purpose it is proposed, the present invention provides a kind of method protecting aircraft occupant, comprise the following steps:

-provide a kind of aircraft occupant respiratory mask for user,

-provide a kind of breathing gas to user, including breathable gas and the mixture of diluent gas,

-detect the oxygen in user exhaled gas or the dividing potential drop of carbon dioxide or containing ratio,

The ratio (mark/percentage ratio/concentration) of the oxygen (or breathable gas) in-adjustment breathing gas.

In exhaled gas, the measurement of partial pressure of oxygen enables us to reliably estimate Alveolar arterial partial pressure of oxygen P_AO₂.Cabin altitude is the highest when, represent that this physiological parameter of pulmonary oxygen dividing potential drop is close to arterial blood Partial pressure of oxygen P_aO₂。

When adjusting the oxygen content in breathing gas by controlling dilution valves, P_AO₂Use to consider The physiological function of user.Different user physiological functions can be different.This is accomplished by according to life Reason needs and regulation limits releasing oxygen more accurately.It is possible to reduce aircraft occupant (particularly Pilot or crew) hypoxic hazard and reduce oxygen consumption.

It should be noted that ratio, mark, though percentage ratio or concentration are different words, but indication Content is identical.

Therefore, according to supplementary characteristic, the method preferably include according to the partial pressure of oxygen in exhaled gas or Rate of oxygen or carbon dioxide adjust the rate of oxygen in (closed loop adjustment) breathing gas.

Therefore, the demand according to user optimizes the consumption of oxygen.

According to another characteristic, the method preferably includes:

Partial pressure of oxygen in-detection user exhaled gas or rate of oxygen, and

-adjust the rate of oxygen in respiratory flow according to the partial pressure of oxygen in exhaled gas or rate of oxygen.

It is true that according to the partial pressure of oxygen in exhaled gas or rate of oxygen ratio according to the dioxy in exhaled gas The rate of oxygen that change carbon dividing potential drop or carbonated rate adjust in respiratory flow is more satisfactory.

But, according to supplementary advantageous feature, the method farther includes:

Oxygen and carbon dioxide dividing potential drop in-detection user exhaled gas or containing ratio, and

-adjust in respiratory flow according to the oxygen in exhaled gas and carbon dioxide dividing potential drop or containing ratio Rate of oxygen.

It is true that when carbon dioxide dividing potential drop PCO in exhaled gas₂When reducing under determining threshold value, make Oxygen in user's exhaled gas and carbon dioxide dividing potential drop or containing ratio can optimize oxygen further and disappear Consumption, especially by the rate of oxygen increased in breathing gas.

According to another characteristic, the method preferably includes:

Partial pressure of oxygen in-detection user exhaled gas or rate of oxygen,

Partial pressure of oxygen in-detection breathing gas or rate of oxygen, and

-determine in the partial pressure of oxygen or rate of oxygen and breathing gas detected in exhaled gas for detection failure (particularly diluting the fault of conditioning instrumentation) and dependency between the partial pressure of oxygen or the rate of oxygen that detect.

This checks more relatively reliable than generally inspection, and it comprises oxygen sensor and goes beyond the scope Alarm with monitoring regulation during fault.

According to supplementary characteristic, according to the present invention, the method preferably further comprises the steps of:

Air pressure in-sense aircraft, and

-according to relationship equation formula, determine the partial pressure of oxygen detected in exhaled gas or rate of oxygen and exhale The dependency between partial pressure of oxygen or rate of oxygen in air-breathing body, the party's formula includes:

The partial pressure of oxygen detected in exhaled gas or rate of oxygen,

Partial pressure of oxygen in breathing gas or rate of oxygen, and

Air pressure.

Relation between these characteristics can be readily determined fault, and the most effective.

According to another supplementary characteristic, according to the present invention, described relationship equation formula is preferably:

P_AO₂=F_IO₂·(P_B-P_AH₂O)-P_ACO₂·(F_IO₂+(1-F_IO₂)/R), wherein:

P_AO₂For the partial pressure of oxygen detected in exhaled gas,

P_BFor the air pressure in aircraft,

P_ACO₂For the carbon dioxide dividing potential drop in exhaled gas,

P_AH₂O is the water partial pressure in exhaled gas,

F_IO₂For the rate of oxygen detected in breathing gas or partial pressure of oxygen,

R is between 0.1 and 1.2 between relevant with a respiratory quotient constant.

According to another supplementary characteristic, according to the present invention, the method preferably further comprises detection exhalation Carbon dioxide dividing potential drop in gas.

The determination of fault is more accurate.

According to another supplementary characteristic, according to the present invention, the water partial pressure in exhaled gas is preferably by one Constant replaces.

According to another characteristic, according to the present invention, the method includes that (either-or) detects exhaled gas In partial pressure of oxygen or rate of oxygen and by exhaling that one only (same) gas sensor detects Partial pressure of oxygen in air-breathing body or rate of oxygen.

Although having only to several element (method), but the determination of fault being the most reliable.

The invention still further relates to the respiratory mask of aircraft occupant, including an oxygenregulator, described regulation Device includes:

-breathable gas supply connection, its be connected to a breathable gas source and provide one be full of can Suck the flow cavity of gas,

-diluent gas supply connection, it is connected to a source of diluent gas and provides one to be full of carrier gas The flow cavity of body,

-dilution adjustment device is fed to the diluent gas ratio in the breathing gas of flow cavity for regulation Rate, this dilution adjustment device includes a dilution valves, a gas sensor, and it is applicable to detect oxygen or two Carbonoxide dividing potential drop or containing ratio, and a control device, this device is according to having that gas sensor sends The dilution signal closing oxygen or carbon dioxide dividing potential drop or containing ratio controls dilution valves.

In an advantageous embodiment, breathe assembly comprise the most further in following characteristic or Multiple:

Accompanying drawing explanation

Other characteristics and the advantage of the present invention will be embodied in the detailed description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, In the accompanying drawings:

-Fig. 1 represents the arterial oxygen saturation changed according to partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood,

-Fig. 2 illustrates a respiratory mask including a flow cavity,

-Fig. 3 schematically depict in the respiratory mask flow cavity of the first embodiment according to detection device The first air-flow and the second air-flow,

-Fig. 4 represents that in flow cavity, the first air-flow is over time,

-Fig. 5 represents that in flow cavity, the second air-flow is over time,

-Fig. 6 represents the measured value that the gas sensor being placed in flow cavity provides,

-Fig. 7 represents the second embodiment of the detection device according to the present invention,

-Fig. 8 represents the 3rd embodiment of the detection device according to the present invention,

-Fig. 9 represents the 4th embodiment of the detection device according to the present invention,

-Figure 10 represents the 5th embodiment of the detection device according to the present invention,

-Figure 11 represents according to the inventive method step of the detection device using the 5th embodiment Suddenly,

-Figure 12 is-flow chart, and expression uses the asynchronous of the method for the detection device of the 5th embodiment Suddenly,

-Figure 13 represents the partial pressure of oxygen of the method for the detection device using the 5th embodiment,

-Figure 14 represents the partial pressure of oxygen of another alternative method of the detection device using the 5th embodiment.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 2 discloses exhaling for the aircraft occupant particularly pilot in aircraft nacelle 10 Inhale the major function of mask 4.

Respiratory mask 4 includes that an oxygenregulator 1 and is fixed to the tubular junction of actuator 1 Divide the oral nose mask 3 of 5.When user 7 puts on respiratory mask 4, oral nose mask 3 is placed to On the skin of user face 7 and delimit a respiratory chamber 9.

Oxygenregulator 1 is provided with a shell 2, including a breathable gas supply connection 12, a dilution Gas supply connection 14 and a respiratory gas supply circuit 16.Respiratory gas supply circuit 16 has One downstream being in fluid communication with respiratory chamber 9.

The conveyance conduit 6 oxygen by pressurization is passed through at breathable gas supply line in breathable gas source 8 The upstream extremity on road 12 is supplied to breathable gas supply connection 12.In the embodiment shown, pressurization Breathable gas source 8 is an oxygen cylinder equipped with pressurized oxygen.Breathable gas supply connection 12 Breathable gas, breathable gas supply is provided to respiratory chamber 9 by respiratory gas supply circuit 16 The downstream of circuit 12 the most fluidly connects with the upstream extremity of respiratory gas supply circuit 16.

Diluent gas supply connection 14 is connected with source of diluent gas by its upstream extremity.In shown reality Executing in example, diluent gas is air, and the cabin 10 that source of diluent gas is aircraft.Diluent gas Diluent gas is fed in respiratory chamber 9 by supply connection 14 by respiratory gas supply circuit 16, dilute The downstream of outgassing body supply connection 14 connects with the direct fluid of upstream extremity of respiratory gas supply circuit 16 Logical.Therefore, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, breathable gas and diluent gas exhaling at shell 2 Air-breathing body supply connection 16 mixes, i.e. dividing 5 to be supplied to respiratory chamber 9 by tubular junction Before.Therefore, a gas flow 62 flows in respiratory gas supply circuit 16 and respiratory chamber 9 Dynamic, breathing gas includes breathable gas and the diluent gas of mixing.

Actuator 1 farther includes exhaust line 18 and an air bleeding valve 20.Air bleeding valve 20 configures Between the downstream and cabin 10 (air) of exhaust line 18.The upstream extremity of exhaust line 18 is by pipe Shape coupling part 5 is connected with the respiratory chamber 9 of oral nose mask 3, and receives the gas of user exhalation Stream 64.About the discharge of exhaled gas 64, air bleeding valve 20 plays the effect of a check-valves, is exhaling Go out and open under the pressure of gas 64, and close to prevent the air in cabin 10 from entering into flow cavity 30 In.

User 7 is exhaled and air-breathing towards respiratory chamber 9.Expiration line 18 directly or by respiratory chamber 9 with Respiratory gas supply circuit 16 connects.Therefore, supply connection 16, respiratory chamber 9 and expiration line 18 Define a flow cavity 30 the most discretely.

Oxygenregulator 1 farther includes pressure-regulating device 22 and a dilution adjustment device 24.

Pressure-regulating device 22 regulates the pressure in flow cavity 30 particularly respiratory chamber 9.In fig. 2 In shown embodiment, pressure-regulating device 22 is arranged in conveyance conduit 6 particularly including one and breathes Main valve between gas supply connection 16.

Rate of oxygen in dilution adjustment device 24 conditioning respiratory gases stream 62.In the embodiment shown, Dilution adjustment device is particularly including a dilution valves 23, and one controls device 60, a flow direction sensor 38, One oxygen sensor 42, an optional carbon dioxide sensor 68, a cabin altitude sensor 71 with And an optional aircraft altitude sensor 72.Dilution valves 23 is placed in diluent gas supply connection 14 And between respiratory gas supply circuit 16.Control device 60 and control dilution valves 23.Flow direction sensor 38, oxygen sensor 42, carbon dioxide sensor 68, cabin altitude sensor 71 and aircraft Height sensor 72 provides information to adjust breathing by startup dilution valves 23 to controlling device 60 Rate of oxygen in gas 62.Cabin altitude sensor 71 detected air pressure, i.e. (definitely) pressure around Power (in aircraft nacelle 10).Aircraft altitude sensor 72 detects the pressure outside cabin 10.Just When often running, equipment presses to cabin 10 in cabin altitude, and therefore the pressure outside pressure ratio cabin is big, On the contrary, cabin altitude is lower than aircraft altitude.

Oxygenregulator starts to supply the first gas mixture when the user air-breathing of respiratory mask and (exhales Air-breathing body), and supply breathing gas is stopped when user stops suction.

About the more detailed description of oxygenregulator, refer to prior art, such as list of references US6,789,539.It is suitable for the other types of dilution adjustment device 24, such as, quote Dilution adjustment device disclosed in patent application PCT/IB2011/000772 or US6,789,539.

Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a detection device 100, and it includes a flow direction sensor 38 and two Gas sensor: oxygen sensor 42 and an optional carbon dioxide sensor 68.Detection device 100 is a part for respiratory mask 4 shown in Fig. 2.Oxygen sensor 42 and carbon dioxide sensing Device 68 is placed in flow cavity 30, constitutes a sensing chamber 40, alternatively flows in this sensing chamber First gas mixture 32 and the second gas mixture 34.It is shipped for containing of user 7 to regulate Oxygen rate, oxygen sensor 42 and carbon dioxide sensor 68 will be at least the first gas mixture 32 The characteristic (the particularly dividing potential drop of gas or percentage ratio) of gas componant (particularly oxygen or carbon dioxide) Detect.

Flow direction sensor 38, oxygen sensor 42 and carbon dioxide sensor 68 and control device 60 connect.Whether flow direction sensor 38 detects the flow direction of flow cavity 30 corresponding to the first air-flow mixture The flow direction of 32.Flow direction sensor 38 also detects whether the flow direction of flow cavity 30 mixes corresponding to the second air-flow The flow direction of fit 34.

It is true that the first gas mixture 32 can be breathing gas 62 or exhaled gas 64, This means that the characteristic of gas componant to be detected can also be in exhaled gas in breathing gas In.Therefore, the first gas mixture 32 divides 5 to flow to user 7 (mouth or nose) from tubular junction, Or flow to tubular junction from user 7 and divide 5.On the contrary, the second gas mixture 34 can be to exhale Go out gas 64 or breathing gas 62.

Oxygen sensor 42 be applicable to determine contained gas particularly sensing chamber 40 partial pressure of oxygen (or Percentage ratio), and carbon dioxide sensor 68 is be applicable to determining particularly contained gas sensing chamber 40 Carbon dioxide dividing potential drop (or percentage ratio).

Flow direction sensor 38 passes particularly including a pressure transducer, a PGS, a pressure reduction Sensor, critesistor, a check-valves state sensor or a piezoelectric sensor arrangement, this piezoelectric sensing Device device includes a soft board sheet and for detecting the direction of soft board bending tablet.

As schematically shown in figure 4, at time 0 and time T₁Between, the gassiness in flow cavity 30 Amount reaches the gas content of the first gas mixture stream 32, then at time T₁With time T₁+T₂ Between, the first gas mixture stream 32 leaves flow cavity 30.

As shown schematically in fig. 5, at time 0 and time T₁Between, the second gas mixture stream 34 Leave flow cavity 30, then, at time T₁With time T₁+T₂Between, the gassiness of flow cavity 30 Amount reaches the gas content of the second gas mixture stream 34.

It should be noted that in figures 4 and 5, have ignored the time filling flow cavity 30.

So, by simplifying it is believed that one after the other at T₁Time period, the first gas mixture 32 with First direction flows in flow cavity 30, then at T₂Time period, the second gas mixture 34 with The second direction contrary with first direction flows to flow cavity 30, subsequently at another T₁Time period, the One gas mixture 32 flows again in flow cavity 30, by that analogy.T₁Time period can be regarded For with T₂Time period is equal, and referred to as T.

Owing to the gas content of the first gas mixture 32 is different from the second gas mixture 34, second Gas mixture 34 can disturb the measurement of the gas content characteristic of the first gas mixture 32.It should be understood that Arriving, the first gas mixture and the second gas mixture may (at least some be complete containing identical component Identical composition), and only different (particularly oxygen, titanium dioxide on the percentage ratio of some compositions Carbon and the percentage ratio of steam).

Fig. 6 shows the above-mentioned example of oxygen sensor 42 offer with different response time Tr 3 measured values 42a, 42b and 42c.Measured value 42a, 42b and 42c are corresponding to having respectively equal to The oxygen sensor of the response time of T/10, T/2 and 2T.

Apparently, measured value is that the oxygen sensor of 42a and 42b is suitable for present example.Therefore, stream is worked as When exhaled gas 64 measured by sensor 38, oxygen sensor 42 determines the oxygen in exhaled gas 64 Dividing potential drop (or percentage ratio), on the contrary, when breathing gas 62 measured by flow direction sensor 38, oxygen passes Sensor 42 determines the partial pressure of oxygen (or percentage ratio) in breathing gas 62.Therefore, oxygen sensor Partial pressure of oxygen in partial pressure of oxygen in exhaled gas 64 and breathing gas 62 is supplied to control dress by 42 Put 60.Along with air pressure (gross pressure in cabin 10) is supplied to control by cabin altitude sensor 71 Device 60, controls device 60 and determines the oxygen mark in breathing gas, because the oxygen in breathing gas Dividing potential drop is equal to air pressure and the product of oxygen mark in breathing gas.

The oxygen sensor providing measured value 42c is improper.So, the response time of gas sensor The shortest, then measured value is the most accurate.But the short gas sensor of response time is generally long than response time Sensor expensive, and sometimes there is the gas sensor of the response time that can meet particular application also Do not exist.

Fig. 7 represents second embodiment detecting device 100 according to the present invention.Detection device 100 wraps Including a flow direction sensor 38, a shield 50, a driving means 51 and is arranged on sensing chamber 40 Oxygen sensor 42 interior and that be in fluid communication with flow cavity 30 by passage 66.One carbon dioxide sensing Device 68 can replace oxygen sensor 42 to be installed in sensing chamber 40, or with oxygen sensor 42 1 Rise and be installed in sensing chamber, to determine the carbon dioxide dividing potential drop in gas contained by particularly sensing chamber 40 (or percentage ratio).

Flow direction sensor 38 and oxygen sensor 42 are connected to control device 60.Flow direction sensor 38 The flow direction in detection flow cavity 30 is the most consistent with the direction of the first air-flow mixture 32.In variant, Flow direction sensor 38 can detect the flow direction in flow cavity 30 whether with the second air-flow mixture 34 Direction is consistent.

Shield 50 can its close to the active position of passage 66 with it away from the non-active position of passage 66 Move between putting.

Control device 60 and control actuating device 51, to measure the first gas stream at flow direction sensor 38 When 32, shield 50 is placed in open position, so that the first gas mixture stream 32 (partly) enters Enter in sensing chamber 40.It addition, control device 60 to control driving means 51, with at flow direction sensor Shield 50 is placed in the off when not measuring the first gas stream 32 by 38, in order to stop the second gas to mix Fit stream 34 enters in sensing chamber 40.

Therefore, sensing chamber 40 the most only comprise the first gas mixture stream 32 gas mix Fit.So, oxygen sensor 42 transmits a dilution signal, and its degree of accuracy is not mixed by the second gas The impact of fit stream 34.The dilution signal that control device 60 produces according to oxygen sensor 42 is controlled Dilution valves 24 processed.

Oxygen sensor 42 be adapted to determine that contained gas in particularly sensing chamber 40 partial pressure of oxygen (or Percentage ratio).

Flow direction sensor 38 especially includes a pressure transducer, a PGS, and a pressure reduction passes Sensor, critesistor, a check-valves state sensor or includes a soft board sheet and soft for detecting The piezoelectric sensor arrangement of plate bending direction.

Fig. 8 represents the 3rd embodiment detecting device 100 according to the present invention.

In the 3rd embodiment, the gas componant characteristic that need to detect in breathing gas 62, institute With the first gas mixture stream 32 as gas flow, the second gas mixture stream 34 is exhaled air flow.

One isolating valve 36 is inserted between respiratory gas supply circuit 16 and respiratory chamber 9.With control dress The oxygen sensor 42 putting 60 connections is positioned in the respiratory chamber 16 constituting sensing chamber 40.Isolation Valve 36 stops gas to enter into sensing chamber 16 from respiratory chamber 9, in 40.In an alternate embodiment In, flow direction sensor 38 can detect the flow direction of flow cavity 30 whether with the second air-flow mixture 34 Direction is consistent.

In an illustrated embodiment, isolating valve 36 is a check-valves.In variant, it can also be The inlet valve similar to air bleeding valve 20.

Fig. 9 represents the 4th embodiment detecting device 100 according to the present invention.

In the 4th embodiment, the gas componant characteristic that need to detect is in exhaled gas, so One gas mixture stream 32 is exhaled air flow 64, and the second gas mixture stream 34 is gas flow 62。

One isolating valve 36 is inserted between respiratory chamber 9 and expiration line 18.It is connected with controlling device 60 Oxygen sensor 42 be positioned in constitute sensing chamber 40 expiration line 18 in.Isolating valve 36 stops Gas enters respiratory chamber 9 from expiration line 18.Carbon dioxide sensor 68 can replace oxygen sensor 42 It is installed in sensing chamber 40, or is co-mounted in sensing chamber with oxygen sensor 42.

In the embodiment shown, isolating valve 36 is a check-valves.In variant, it can also be one The individual inlet valve similar to air bleeding valve 20.

Figure 10 represents the 5th embodiment detecting device 100 according to the present invention.

Oxygen sensor 42 includes a pump plate 44, and solid ionic conductor first disk 45, one is general Logical steel plate 46, solid ionic conductor the second disk 47 and a detection plate 48.

The electrode that pump plate 44, general steel plate 46 and detection plate 48 preferably platinum film are made.

Pump plate 44, general steel plate 46 and detection plate 48 are essentially loop configuration.Therefore, inspection Survey room 40 to be defined by general steel plate 46, the first ion conductor 45 and the second ion conductor 47.

One power supply 39 is inserted between pump plate 44 and general steel plate 46.General steel plate 46 and detection Plate 48 is connected to control device 60, and flow direction sensor 38 is also connected to control on device 60.

Pump plate 44, the first solid ionic conductor 45 and general steel plate 46 define a pumping electricity Electrochemical cell 56.General steel plate 46, the second solid ionic conductor 47 and detection plate 48 define one Individual detection electro-chemical cell 58.

Ion conductor 45,47 define solid electrolyte.They are preferably made up of zirconium dioxide, It is suitable for oxygen O₂The conduction of ion.

Oxygen sensor 42 farther includes one around pumping electro-chemical cell 56 and detection electro-chemical cell The optional filter 49 of 58.Filter 49 prevents microgranule from entering in sensor 42.Therefore, Oxygen sensor 42 includes a cushion chamber 41, and this cushion chamber is at flow cavity 30 and pumping electro-chemical cell Extend between 56 (and detection electro-chemical cells 58).

Oxygen sensor 42 can be arranged to the respiratory chamber in any of above first to the 4th embodiment 9, in respiratory gas supply circuit 16 or expiration line 18.

As shown in figure 11, when the pumping electric current that power supply 39 output valve is IpiTime, oxonium ion by from Sub-conductor 45 is transferred to cushion chamber 41 from sensing chamber 40.Therefore, an evacuation stage 28 with value is The pumping electric current i stage of Ip is corresponding.Therefore, the partial pressure of oxygen PO in sensing chamber 40₂Reduce.Inspection The voltage V of energy this (Nerst) voltage special it is referred to as between drafting board 48 and general steel plate_sIncrease.

When the pumping electric current that power supply 39 output valve is-IpiTime, oxonium ion by ion conductor 45 from Cushion chamber 41 is transferred to sensing chamber 40.Therefore, a pressurization stages 26 and the pumping electric current that value is-Ip The stage of i is corresponding.So, the partial pressure of oxygen PO in sensing chamber 40₂Increase, and sensory plate 48 with Can reduce by special this voltage Vs between general steel plate 46.

In operation, control device 60 and produce a repetitive sequence, make oxygen pumping electric current I the most reverse To maintain predetermined value V₁And V₂Between can special this voltage Vs.

Therefore, the partial pressure of oxygen in sensing chamber 40 is worth PO at two₂Low and PO₂Change between high.

Concussion cycle T p is proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen in cushion chamber 41.Therefore, pumping circulation cycle quilt It is used for determining the partial pressure of oxygen of surrounding.

Formed under the pressure in cushion chamber 41 by the O_2 transport of ion conductor 45 in pressurization stages 26 Fall.The low-porosity of external filter 49 limits ambient gas and enters in sensor, and responsible oxygen The main delay (high response time) that dividing potential drop is measured.

Due to the second gas mixture stream 34 reason, the response time of oxygen sensor 42 is at the first gas There is mistake in measuring in the partial pressure of oxygen of body mixture stream 32.

As shown in figure 12, occur to be limited in during the partial pressure of oxygen of the first gas mixture stream 32 is measured Mistake, the flow direction of fluid in flow cavity 30 measured by gas flow sensor 38.In step S38 In, the signal provided according to flow direction sensor 38, control the stream in device 60 determines flow cavity 30 Body is the most consistent with the direction of the first gas mixture stream 32.If it is consistent, a measurement In cycle 52, pressurization stages 26 and evacuation stage 28 constantly repeat and alternately follow reciprocation cycle, As shown in Figs. 13 and 14.If inconsistent, the most as shown in figure 13, in non-measured period 54, The supercharging of sensing chamber 40 stops, and occurs without pressurization stages 26 in non-measured period 54.Therefore, The diffusion to gas sensor relief area 41 of the two gas mixture streams 34 reduces, and oxygen sensor The accuracy of detection of 42 is improved.Such as, if the characteristic of gas componant to be measured is in breathing gas, Then gas sensor measurement process starts when user air-breathing, stops when user is exhaled.

In the variant example shown in Figure 14, in non-measured period 54, preferably at first Complete the evacuation stage 28.In the evacuation stage 28 of non-measured period 54, as shown in figure 14, pumping Electric current i is preferably shorter than the evacuation stage 28 in measurement cycle 52, i.e. less than Ip.Therefore, the non-measured phase Between 54 the evacuation stage 28 continue at whole non-measured period 54 or at least more than half non-measured phase Between 54.

Additionally, breathing gas 62 and exhaled gas 64 are preferably regarded as by (either-or) in succession One gas mixture stream 32 and the second gas mixture stream, in order in succession measure breathing gas 62 With the partial pressure of oxygen in exhaled gas 64.

Because the air pressure that the partial pressure of oxygen in breathing gas is measured equal to cabin altitude sensor 71 and breathing The product of oxygen mark in gas 62, control device 60 determine the oxygen mark in breathing gas 62 and Partial pressure of oxygen in exhaled gas 64.

About the operation of actuator 1, dilution adjustment device 24 according to by above-mentioned detection device 100 it Partial pressure of oxygen PO in the exhaled gas 64 that the oxygen sensor 42 of is measured₂Or rate of oxygen, adjustment is exhaled Rate of oxygen in air-breathing body 62.

It should be noted that be currently available that oxygen sensor can directly provide partial pressure of oxygen or rate of oxygen, and And partial pressure of oxygen PO₂It is multiplied by the air pressure that cabin altitude sensor 71 detects equal to rate of oxygen.

Dilution valves 23 preferably by control proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller in device 60 with Closed loop control, in order to regulate oxygen sensor according to the cabin altitude of cabin altitude sensor 71 detection Partial pressure of oxygen PO in the exhaled gas 64 of device 42 detection₂, or optionally sense according to aircraft altitude The aircraft altitude of device 72 detection, and the exhalation advantageously according to carbon dioxide sensor 68 detection Carbon dioxide dividing potential drop PCO in gas 64₂Regulation partial pressure of oxygen PO₂.Oxygen-containing in breathing gas 62 The rate preferably carbon dioxide dividing potential drop in exhaled gas 64 must increase when being reduced to determine under value.

In exhaled gas 64, the measurement of partial pressure of oxygen makes alveolar P_AO₂The estimation of middle partial pressure of oxygen is the most reliable. The physiological parameter of the partial pressure of oxygen of this expression pulmonary when cabin altitude is the highest close to arterial partial pressure of oxygen P_aO₂。

Use P_AO₂Adjust the rate of oxygen in breathing gas 62 by controlling dilution valves, need to consider The physiological function varied with each individual of user.This makes according to physiological need and the releasing of oxygen of rule constraint Put more accurate.So, it is possible to reduce aircraft occupant (particularly pilot or crew) anoxia Danger, and reduce oxygen consumption.

Additionally, the content of the breathing gas of dilution adjustment device 24,38,42,60 release is in lung capacity Dilution.Because P_AO₂Be a kind of change before need several breathing cycle " slow " variable, profit May a very slow (0.1Hz left side with the power of the dilution adjustment device 24,38,42,60 of closed loop control Right).Therefore, which simplifies dilution valves 23 and oxygen sensor 42.

Adjusting apparatus 24 and particularly dilution valves can be advantageously by the tune of at least more than one complexity Engagement positions replaces, and the patent application PCT/IB2011/000772 as reference included such as literary composition takes off Show.

It addition, control oxygen mark and the oxygen in exhaled gas 64 that device determines in breathing gas 62 Dependency between dividing potential drop.As it has been described above, the oxygen that control device 60 determines in breathing gas 62 divides Partial pressure of oxygen in number and exhaled gas 64.Additionally, the oxygen mark in breathing gas 62 and exhalation Partial pressure of oxygen in gas 64 is interrelated by following alveolar gas equation:

$P_A=O_2=F_1{O}_2(P_B-P_A{H}_{2}O)-P_4{\mathrm{CO}}_2(F_1{O}_2+\frac{1-F_I{O}_2}{R}),$ Wherein

P_AO₂For the partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas

P_BFor the atmospheric pressure in aircraft nacelle 10

P_ACO₂For the carbon dioxide dividing potential drop in exhaled gas

P_AH₂O is the water partial pressure in exhaled gas

F_IO₂For the rate of oxygen in breathing gas 62

R is the constant corresponding to respiratory quotient.

Partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas may be similar to the partial pressure of oxygen in exhaled gas 64.

Carbon dioxide dividing potential drop P in exhaled gas 64_ACO₂Preferably by carbon dioxide sensor 68 Detection.Otherwise, carbon dioxide dividing potential drop P_ACO₂Can be replaced close to the constant of 53hPa by one, Because it is the most close with this value.

Water partial pressure P in exhaled gas 64_AH₂O can be by one in alveolar gas temperature (being estimated as 37 DEG C) The individual constant close to 63hPa replaces.

R estimates between 0.1 and 1.2, is preferably close to 0.83 under normal circumstances.

So, alveolar air equation can be reduced to following relationship equation formula:

P_AO₂=F_IO₂·(P_B-K₁)-P_ACO₂·(F_IO₂+(1-F_IO₂)/K₂),

Wherein K₁, K₂And K₃For constant

Or be further simplified as:

P_AO₂=F_IO₂·(P_B-K₁)-K₃·(F_IO₂+(1-F_IO₂)/K₂)·

Determining fault by comparison range value and a ratio, this ratio is measured value and coherence's equation Ratio between formula estimated value (partial pressure of oxygen in exhaled gas 64 or the rate of oxygen in breathing gas 62) Rate.If it is determined that fault, then alarm is activated.

Therefore, in monitoring dilution adjustment device 24 element in real time, data consistent inspection is performed.This inspection Testing than common inspection more accurately with reliable, common inspection detects the oxygen of fault during being regulation The over range alarm of sensor.It is true that for common inspection, actual pressure and inspection before testing Ratio between the pressure surveyed may be too high.

Preferably, gas (oxygen) sensor 42 identical with oxygen sensor 42 detects exhalation Partial pressure of oxygen in gas 64, this oxygen sensor makes control by partial pressure of oxygen in detection breathing gas 62 Device 60 determines the rate of oxygen in breathing gas 62.

If it is true that oxygen sensor 42 breaks down, then because of the oxygen in breathing gas 62 The ratio between partial pressure of oxygen in dividing potential drop and exhaled gas 64 is far away less than 1, and above-mentioned coherence side Formula is non-linear, so the fault of oxygen sensor 42 should be detected.

Claims (9)

1. the method protecting aircraft occupant, comprises the following steps:

-for user (7) provide aircraft occupant respiratory mask (4),

-breathing gas (62) including the mixture of breathable gas and diluent gas is supplied to User (7),

Partial pressure of oxygen in-detection breathing gas (62) or rate of oxygen,

-adjust the rate of oxygen in breathing gas (62),

It is characterized in that, described method also includes:

Partial pressure of oxygen in the exhaled gas (64) that-detection user (7) produces or rate of oxygen,

Air pressure (71) in-sense aircraft, and

-according to relationship equation formula determine the partial pressure of oxygen of detection in exhaled gas (64) or rate of oxygen with The coherence between partial pressure of oxygen or rate of oxygen in the breathing gas (62) detected to measure fault, This relationship equation formula includes:

The partial pressure of oxygen measured in exhaled gas (64) or rate of oxygen,

Partial pressure of oxygen in breathing gas (62) or rate of oxygen, and

Air pressure.

Method the most according to claim 1, including:

-adjust breathing gas according to the oxygen in exhaled gas (64) or carbon dioxide dividing potential drop or containing ratio (62) rate of oxygen in.

Method the most according to claim 1, including:

Partial pressure of oxygen in the exhaled gas (64) that-detection user (7) produces or rate of oxygen,

-adjust in breathing gas (62) according to the partial pressure of oxygen in exhaled gas (64) or rate of oxygen Rate of oxygen.

Method the most according to claim 3, including:

Oxygen in the exhaled gas (64) that-detection user (7) produces and carbon dioxide dividing potential drop Or containing ratio,

-adjust respiratory gas according to the oxygen in exhaled gas (64) and carbon dioxide dividing potential drop or containing ratio Rate of oxygen in body (62).

Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described relationship equation formula is:

P_AO₂=F_IO₂·(P_B–P_AH₂O)–P_ACO₂·(F_IO₂+(1-F_IO₂)/R), wherein

P_AO₂For the partial pressure of oxygen measured in exhaled gas (64)

P_BFor the air pressure in aircraft

P_ACO₂For the carbon dioxide dividing potential drop in exhaled gas

P_AH₂O is the water partial pressure in exhaled gas

F_IO₂For the rate of oxygen measured in breathing gas (62) or partial pressure of oxygen

R is between 0.1 and 1.2 constant corresponding to respiratory quotient.

Method the most according to claim 5, farther includes:

-measure the carbon dioxide dividing potential drop in exhaled gas (64).

Method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the water partial pressure in exhaled gas Replaced by a constant.

8. according to the method according to any one of claim 1-7, it is characterised in that according to value range And comparison between ratio and determine dependency, this ratio is measured value and coherence's equation estimated value Between ratio.

Method the most according to claim 1, farther includes to detect in exhaled gas (64) Partial pressure of oxygen or rate of oxygen, and the breathing gas (62) detected by single gas sensor (42) In partial pressure of oxygen or rate of oxygen.