CN103473455A - Method for determining disease mode of ancient stone cave temple wall painting based on visual analysis - Google Patents
Method for determining disease mode of ancient stone cave temple wall painting based on visual analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining a disease mode of ancient stone cave temple wall paintings based on visual analysis. The method includes that a foundation database of stone cave temple caverns is established, the database contains location information and construction dynasty of the caverns, disease information and general survey time, and all disease information is high-dimensional feature vectors. The location information of a certain stone cave temple is read from the foundation database of the stone cave temple caverns. And then by the aid of a multilayered circular ring, the disease information of each layer of caverns of the stone cave temple under a same general survey time is at intervals distributed in the circular ring covered by a sector area in a same rotation direction with a bar graph form for simulating the effect of a heritage site panorama so as to discover the disease mode of the whole stone cave temple. By the aid of the method, work efficiency of related personnel in the field of culture heritage can be improved, and a solid foundation is established for cultural heritage protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of employing visual analysis and interaction technique means and realize Cave Temple mural painting Disease Analysis system in ancient times, relate in particular to a kind of based on visual analysis ancient times Cave Temple mural painting disease pattern definite method.
Background technology
Cultural heritage is the treasure that history is left people for, the today in globalization, for the protection of traditional culture, becomes gradually a large focal spot of countries in the world government and concern among the people.Cave Temple mural painting is as world cultural heritage, and for example the Mo kao grotto at Dunhuang of China is famous because of mural painting exquisite in its grottoes.Yet the degenerate problem that these valuable mural paintings are caused by human damage and physical environment, they may be the results of the many factors impacts such as physics, chemistry, biology, comprise the factors such as unaccelerated aging, environmental degradation and mankind's activity.Therefore, mural painting has presented different diseases, according to phenomenon, can be divided into crack to it, comes off, fades, bleb, play first, crisp alkali, hollowing and go mouldy.Therefore it is very important preserving mural painting and making these historical and cultural heritages avoid degeneration and human damage that physical environment causes.
Visual analysis is a new technology grown up in recent years, is the product of information visualization and the development of scientific visualization field, is important means and the approach that people understand and annotate the large-scale complex situation.It mainly carries out the analysis ratiocination decision-making by means of interactive user interface to complex data object, and integrate information from magnanimity and dynamic data, obtain the understanding to the more deep layer of complex information.Information Visualization Technology is on the basis of present information processing platform, needs according to the user to information, utilize suitable visual symbol to mean the relation of various information and information inside and outside, make people more convenient, with information source, carry out alternately rapidly, discovery is hidden in all kinds of knowledge in information, carries out more effective interchange.Computing machine is combined with people's observation and analysis for the visual presentation of information, has formed efficiently the visual analysis method with solving various difficult problems.
Nowadays, people have done a large amount of work for the protection of cultural heritage, on the one hand, and for the mural painting disease, the artificial census report that they do is relative with the historical relic data comprehensive, for the mural painting distress mechanism as crisp alkali, go mouldy, come off, the depth analysis of precipice body deformability; Research to inorganic salts crystallization and humiture relation; Slowing down and controlling research organic pigment degraded; To pigment composition and property analysis; The research to the mural painting harm influence of humiture microclimate, desert subenvironment, visitor; The photoperiod sensitivity research of mural painting, also once launched international co-operation and carried out the omnibearing protection project for specific Cave Temple mural painting.Each protection project is independently launched, although meticulous, its job information automaticity of the first is low, lacks effective codes and standards, and it two is that the protected mode of fighting separately is difficult to find potential rule and risk by large-scale data.On the other hand, they have developed the method for a series of collections, analysis, visual and modeling cultural heritage information.As the virtual reality technology in visual or 3D reconstruction technique; General visualization system based on GIS; CAD mapping etc.But these methods are not to be exclusively used in the cultural heritage protection, also are not exclusively used in even at present the method for analysis and visual mural painting disease.
Although carried out at present many investigation and research work, and will more and more about mural painting generaI investigation and Monitoring Data, be stored in database, but due to following reason, the analysis of disease, visual, to understand be very challenging, the first, the complex partial of disease depends on the complicacy of the structure of mural painting itself; The second, due to the diversity of data acquisition mode and description, data are attributes isomery, multidimensional, multiple; The 3rd, the degradation mechanism of mural painting disease is very complicated, because most of disease is the result of many factors combined action; The 4th, most of mural painting had experienced very long history before they are found, therefore the time monitored and record is relatively short, thereby is limited for information and the data of studying disease, and particularly the data about forming process and machine-processed aspect is considerably less; The 5th, disease has different features, usually is divided into stability disease and active type disease.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art and challenge that mural painting disease data visualization is faced, the invention provides a kind of based on visual analysis ancient times Cave Temple mural painting disease pattern definite method, the visual analysis technology is applied to the research aspect of traditional mural painting disease, it is the instrument of a set of analysis and hypothesis verification, be used for finding the disease pattern of mural painting with this, the disease pattern of mural painting be can analyze efficiently, the space distribution of disease and temporal evolution pattern etc. comprised.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention a kind of based on visual analysis ancient times Cave Temple mural painting disease pattern definite method, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, set up Cave Temple grottoes basic database, this database comprises the positional information of grottoes and builds the dynasty, and described positional information comprises the coordinate of grottoes number and grottoes; Also comprise in database that described disease information comprises the order of severity of disease species, disease number and disease through disease information and generaI investigation time that repeatedly generaI investigation obtains; All disease information are the proper vector of higher-dimension;
Step 2, read the positional information of a certain Cave Temple from above-mentioned Cave Temple grottoes basic database, make a concentric circles, the number of the circle that this concentric circles comprises is 2 times of this Cave Temple grottoes number of plies; From concentrically ringed outermost layer circle, the round-formed annulus of ground floor and the second layer, the 3rd layer and the 4th layer of round-formed annulus, the rest may be inferred, be formed with the donut identical with the grottoes number of plies, and the thickness of annulus is identical, each annulus except outermost layer in described donut is divided into to a plurality of sector regions; The disease information of each layer of grottoes of this Cave Temple under the same generaI investigation time all is distributed in the annulus that sector region covered according to same sense of rotation compartment of terrain with the form of histogram; Wherein, the central angle of sector region that is distributed with histogram is identical, and the central angle of the sector region of the histogram that do not distribute is identical; Described histogram has the different color lump of many deciles, and each color lump means respectively hollowing, comes off, crack, bleb, go mouldy, insect pest, play first and crisp alkali disease evil type;
Step 3, determine the similarity of two grottoes by the geometric distance that calculates every two grottoes Disease Characters vectors, result of calculation definite threshold according to similarity, to between the histogram that represents two grottoes higher than threshold value, do line, and adopt optimization bundle algorithm that line is bundled, described optimization bundle algorithm is placed on by reference mark the central point that is not distributed with the zone of histogram in every one deck, and outer field reference mark is under the jurisdiction of the reference mark of nexine successively, outer field grottoes are under the jurisdiction of the reference mark of nexine successively, and by line by its reference mark that is bundled into of iteration,
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Than existing already present Cave Temple mural painting disease research mode, advantage of the present invention is to have used this technology of rising of visual analysis well to solve pinpointing the problems of disease pattern.Non-visualization technique is in the past compared; the present invention has more intuitive advantage; allow and use researchist of the present invention etc. to find more clearly Cave Temple mural painting disease pattern; utilize the inventive method can improve cultural heritage domain-specific personnel's work efficiency, for solid foundation is established in the cultural heritage protection.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a) is multilayer annulus layout;
Fig. 1 (b) is the histogram that represents a grottoes Damage Types information;
Fig. 1 (c) is the reference mark that the bundle algorithm of optimization arranges;
Fig. 1 (d) is the overall design of finding mural painting disease pattern;
Fig. 2 is the ThemeRiver that finds disease temporal evolution pattern;
Fig. 3 is disease Symbiotic Model figure as a result;
Fig. 4 (a) is the disease model results figure in northern cool period;
Fig. 4 (b) is the disease model results figure of the Sui Dynasty;
Fig. 4 (c) contains the disease model results figure in period of Tang;
Fig. 5 (a) is the space clustering model results figure of crisp alkali disease evil pattern;
Fig. 5 (b) is the space clustering model results figure of bleb disease pattern.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention a kind of based on visual analysis ancient times Cave Temple mural painting disease pattern definite method, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, set up Cave Temple grottoes basic database:
At first carry out the pre-service of annual census data, comprise text and view data.Text data comprises grottoes number, generaI investigation time, the disease position of record, and Damage Types and other detailed description; The photo that view data comprises disease and disease is carried out to the picture of manual mark, these image datas have reacted the order of severity and the distribution of disease on wall of disease to a certain extent.The data of these non-structures are higher-dimension, polynary and isomery, and data set is very large, has redundancy to a great extent, and they can not directly carry out information retrieval and analysis.Therefore, at first we adopted the data of a robotization to extract software by non-structured data structured, then adopts the artificial mode of estimating to quantize the order of severity of disease.
Structurized database comprises the positional information of grottoes and builds the dynasty, and described positional information comprises the coordinate of grottoes number and grottoes; Also comprise in database that described disease information comprises the order of severity of disease species, disease number and disease through disease information and generaI investigation time that repeatedly generaI investigation obtains; All disease information are the proper vector of higher-dimension;
Step 2, because the panorama sketch of a Cave Temple is the simplest method that can present Cave Temple global state, but it is too narrow oversize, and can not expand.In addition, because the complicacy of disease distribution and the order of severity causes structurized data set very large, by simple graphic analyses, be difficult to find the disease pattern.Therefore, the present invention has designed the layout of a multilayer annulus, and the effect of simulation legacy ground panorama sketch, to find other disease pattern of whole Cave Temple level.The inventor reads the positional information of a certain Cave Temple from above-mentioned Cave Temple grottoes basic database, makes a concentric circles, and the number of the circle that this concentric circles comprises is 2 times of this Cave Temple grottoes number of plies; From concentrically ringed outermost layer circle, the round-formed annulus of ground floor and the second layer, the 3rd layer and the 4th layer of round-formed annulus, the rest may be inferred, be formed with the donut identical with the grottoes number of plies, and the thickness of annulus is identical, each annulus except outermost layer in described donut is divided into to a plurality of sector regions, as shown in Fig. 1 (a); The disease information of each layer of grottoes of this Cave Temple under the same generaI investigation time all is distributed in the annulus that sector region covered according to same sense of rotation compartment of terrain with the form (as Fig. 1 (b)) of histogram; Wherein, the central angle of sector region that is distributed with histogram is identical, and the central angle of the sector region of the histogram that do not distribute is identical; Because every layer has a large amount of grottoes, the screen space of therefore in every one deck annulus, distributing to the histogram of each grottoes is very limited.And each grottoes has the multiple diseases type, in order to mean the disease information of grottoes, described histogram is divided into to different color lumps more, each color lump means a kind of Damage Types, color lump means respectively hollowing, comes off, crack, bleb, goes mouldy, insect pest, plays first and crisp alkali disease evil type herein, by histogram to sector region arrange be by near center to the cylindrical place successively according to hollowing, come off, crack, bleb, go mouldy, insect pest, play being disposed in order of first and crisp alkali.In the present invention, the user can regulate the thickness of annulus, the number of sector region and the number of histogram color lump dynamically, but the thickness that guarantees every layer of annulus equates, be distributed with the area that the sector region of histogram covers in every layer of annulus identical, be not distributed with the part area that the sector region of histogram covers identical, the number of each histogram color lump is identical.By this strategy, each grottoes has kept its relative position, and the layout of multilayer annulus has increased the screen utilization factor simultaneously.
Step 3, determine the similarity of two grottoes by the geometric distance that calculates every two grottoes Disease Characters vectors, according to the result of calculation of similarity and user's Location of requirement threshold value, will between the histogram that represents two grottoes higher than threshold value, do line.But when the threshold value of user's setting is relatively hanged down, can produce a large amount of lines, cause line very disorderly and unsystematic, and the histogram of internal layer may be capped.Therefore the inventor adopts and has optimized bundle algorithm line is bundled, described optimization bundle algorithm is placed on by reference mark the central point that is not distributed with the zone of histogram in every one deck, and outer field reference mark is under the jurisdiction of the reference mark of nexine successively, outer field grottoes are under the jurisdiction of the reference mark of nexine successively, and by line by its reference mark that is bundled into of iteration.As Fig. 1 (c) P
n+1reference mark be P
n, Q
n+1reference mark be Q
n, and in figure, the reference mark of line is from P
0to P
3with from Q
0to Q
3.Adopt such strategy, line can be bundled into to different sector regions and annulus, so that the user better finds the trend of line, thereby obtain the trend of similarity between grottoes.The reason that this also reserves just space and the histogram compartment of terrain is placed on to sector region between annulus and annulus.
And in order to facilitate the user to observe the more detailed disease information of each grottoes, when mouse floats on some histograms, can present the plane outspread drawing of the manual mark disease of corresponding grottoes, can be by the disease details on scaling operational observations wall; Simultaneously also can present the ThemeRiver of these grottoes, ThemeRiver is mainly used to observe the time-evolution of disease, and its transverse axis represents the time, and each river represents a kind of disease, and the width in river to be disease number by each year determine.As shown in Figure 2, each label wherein 1., 2., 3., 4. a kind of Damage Types number of the Regional Representative at place differentiation in time, can find clearly the various diseases evolution in time of grottoes by the ThemeRiver technical user
Further confirm the present invention below by research material and there is its science, accuracy and reproducibility.The Cave Temple in following instance is three-decker, and bottom is one to one with skin to the internal layer annulus to the top layer grottoes.
The Symbiotic Model of embodiment 1, disease:
Draw the donut figure of reaction grottoes mural painting Damage Types information according to the inventive method step, and therefrom optionally show crack and two kinds of Damage Types information of hollowing that this grottoes mural painting exists, as shown in Figure 3, through observing, can clearly draw: most of grottoes have crack and hollowing disease, its Oxford gray and grayish histogram represent respectively crack and hollowing, and they have occupied most of area of annulus.And hollowing and cracking almost occurs simultaneously, so we can think that crack and hollowing are symbiosis, when a kind of disease exists, can have another kind of disease.Result is seeked advice from the domain expert according to the observation, and they make an affirmation to this result, and this symbiosis is made an explanation: because these two kinds of diseases all have relation with the stability of grottoes building structure, As time goes on hollowing can be converted into crack.That is to say and do not having under the prerequisite of domain knowledge, use our method also can find the Symbiotic Model of disease.
Embodiment 2, relevant disease pattern of dynasty
Draw the donut figure of reaction grottoes mural painting Damage Types information according to the inventive method step, and therefrom optionally show the grottoes that different times is built.As shown in Figure 4 (a), in north, build together and made 8 grottoes cool period, and 7 quilts are wherein built the 3rd layer in, and 1 quilt is built the second layer in, and the distribution situation of disease color can be found out in figure, the mural painting disease major part of the grottoes in this dynasty is crack, hollowing, plays first, comes off.As shown in Figure 4 (b), in the Sui Dynasty, build together and made 90 grottoes, most of grottoes are positioned at the second layer and the 3rd layer, only have 5 grottoes at bottom.There are 4 and have crisp alkali disease evil (80%) in 5 grottoes of bottom the most; In 64 grottoes in middle layer, there are 9 to have crisp alkali disease evil (14%); There are 4 and have crisp alkali disease evil (19%) in 21 grottoes of top layer.As shown in Figure 4 (c), in Sheng Tang, build together period and made 96 grottoes, it is maximum period of construction grottoes number.In 62 grottoes of bottom, there are 47 grottoes to have crisp alkali disease evil (75.8%); In 24 grottoes in middle layer, there are 3 grottoes to have crisp alkali disease evil (12.5%); There are 4 and have crisp alkali disease evil (40%) in 10 grottoes of top layer.Through these statistics, we find that crisp alkali is the highest in the frequency of bottom generation, be and then top layer, and the frequency occurred in middle layer are minimum; And most of grottoes are built in the Sui Dynasty and Sheng Tang period.Result is seeked advice from the domain expert according to the observation, they make an affirmation to this result, and give an explaination: because crisp alkali disease evil and moisture have relation, and bottom is close to ground, the more high-rise impact that can be subject to again rainwater, the frequency therefore occurred in middle layer at soda acid is minimum.Also just because of this, the grottoes major part of setting up in early days is distributed in the second layer and the 3rd layer of these reasonable geographic position.And the economic dispatch various aspects in Yin Shengtang period are more flourishing, so the grottoes number of building is also relatively many.
The disease Clustering in embodiment 3, space
Draw the donut figure of reaction grottoes mural painting Damage Types information according to the inventive method step, we select each class disease to show in order to check their distribution pattern separately, wherein in 8 kinds of diseases, have two kinds to present the cluster phenomenon.As the histogram of Fig. 5 (a) Dark grey represents that crisp alkali major part is distributed in outermost layer, as the grayish histogram of Fig. 5 (b) represents that the bleb major part is distributed in outermost layer.As if we guess these two kinds of diseases and there is relation on ground, according to this phenomenon consulting domain expert, they make an affirmation and give an explaination this result, because these two kinds of diseases are caused by soluble salt and moisture, more subaerial grottoes moisture is more, therefore the possibility that causes two kinds of diseases is higher, this means closer face of position that crisp alkali and bleb occur.
The time-evolution pattern of embodiment 4, disease
As time goes by, disease can present several development models, can follow the increase of another kind of disease phenomenon when certain disease phenomenon reduces.Therefore the relation between disease has very significantly time trend, but the development of disease is a process slowly, be not easy to follow the trail of, thus the very difficult time-evolution pattern of finding disease.Therefore, we utilize the ThemeRiver technology to represent increase and the minimizing pattern of all diseases of 10 years in more intuitive mode, as shown in Figure 2.When the river of grey the most shallow (label 1.) reduces, more shallow (label 4.) river of grey increases, and the darkest (label 3.) river of grey also increases simultaneously.Represented in this visual mode the process that is evolved into another disease from a kind of disease, what represent in this example is be converted to crack and come off by hollowing.We inquire about the original tracking report file of grottoes as a result according to this, really have this temporal evolution pattern in report.
Above embodiment has just illustrated wherein several disease patterns, the user can be according to different demands, the donut figure and the ThemeRiver technology that draw reaction grottoes mural painting Damage Types information according to the inventive method step show different disease information, in order to find more disease pattern.
Although top, in conjunction with figure, invention has been described; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; rather than restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; in the situation that do not break away from aim of the present invention, can also make a lot of distortion, within these all belong to protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- One kind based on visual analysis ancient times Cave Temple mural painting disease pattern definite method, comprise the following steps:Step 1, set up Cave Temple grottoes basic database, this database comprises the positional information of grottoes and builds the dynasty, and described positional information comprises the coordinate of grottoes number and grottoes; Also comprise in database that described disease information comprises the order of severity of disease species, disease number and disease through disease information and generaI investigation time that repeatedly generaI investigation obtains; All disease information are the proper vector of higher-dimension;Step 2, read the positional information of a certain Cave Temple from above-mentioned Cave Temple grottoes basic database, make a concentric circles, the number of the circle that this concentric circles comprises is 2 times of the grottoes number of plies that comprises of this Cave Temple; From concentrically ringed outermost layer circle, the round-formed annulus of ground floor and the second layer, the 3rd layer and the 4th layer of round-formed annulus, the rest may be inferred, be formed with the donut identical with the grottoes number of plies, and the thickness of annulus is identical, each annulus except outermost layer in described donut is divided into to a plurality of sector regions; The disease information of each layer of grottoes of this Cave Temple under the same generaI investigation time all is distributed in the annulus that sector region covered according to same sense of rotation compartment of terrain with the form of histogram; Wherein, the central angle of sector region that is distributed with histogram is identical, and the central angle of the sector region of the histogram that do not distribute is identical; Described histogram has the different color lump of many deciles, each color lump means respectively hollowing, comes off, crack, play first, go mouldy, insect pest, bleb and crisp alkali disease evil type;Step 3, determine the similarity of two grottoes by the geometric distance that calculates every two grottoes Disease Characters vectors, result of calculation definite threshold according to similarity, to between the histogram that represents two grottoes higher than threshold value, do line, and adopt optimization bundle algorithm that line is bundled, described optimization bundle algorithm is placed on by reference mark the central point that is not distributed with the zone of histogram in every one deck, and outer field reference mark is under the jurisdiction of the reference mark of nexine successively, outer field grottoes are under the jurisdiction of the reference mark of nexine successively, and by its reference mark that is bundled into of line iteration,Step 4, according to user's request, optionally show the Damage Types information represented with the histogram form, analyze the disease pattern of finding, for the recovery scenario of determining this Cave Temple mural painting lays the foundation.
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| CN108446017A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-08-24 | 天津大学 | A kind of ancient wall disease visual analysis method based on MR glasses |
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