CN103473443A - Waste treatment industry environmental risk source evaluation method for waste treatment industry - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste treatment industry environmental risk source evaluation method. The method includes the steps of firstly, determining waste treatment industry environmental risk factors; secondly, building mathematic models of the risks, and calculating to obtain risk values; thirdly, directly adding the risk values to obtain risk values of waste treatment industry total environmental risk sources; fourthly, grading the risk sources according to the risk values of waste treatment industry total environmental risk sources according to needs, and correspondingly managing different risk grades. The evaluation method has the advantages that the problem that no current systematic evaluation aims at waste treatment industry environmental risk sources, waste treatment risks, secondary pollutant emission risks, incineration process risks, burying process risks and management risks, which represent risk levels of the waste treatment industry environmental risk sources, are extracted, W, P, F, T and G are used as independent variables to build evaluation functions in environmental risk evaluation, and the method is highly adaptive, dynamic, and highly accurate.

Description

Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source evaluation method

Technical field

The invention belongs to environmental risk impact evaluation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source evaluation method.

Background technology

Urban health management 8022 and hazardous waste improvement 8024 are the sub-industries in environmental improvement 802, belong to the N class industry in the industrial sectors of national economy classification.City garbage specification, landfill, burning, compost, biology and other party method thereof in the urban environmental hygiene management administered (refuse landfill, garbage burning factory) and administered with hazardous waste the processing disposing task of mainly being engaged in house refuse and hazardous waste, environmental risk is mainly the discharge of feature pollutant, and the discharge that likely produces bioxin, heavy metal contaminants in rubbish, hazardous waste processing procedure causes the secondary pollution phenomenon.

In prior art; except simply mentioning outside the evaluation method about Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source in document " city life garbage landfill health risk assessment method; Zhang Hongjian; basis and applied basic research radiation protection and environmental protection ", the applicant does not find the evaluation method that sums up Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source of other open source literature system.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, for the Abfallwirtschaft industry provides a kind of risk source evaluation method, this method has mainly been extracted the refuse that characterizes its risk level and has been processed risk, secondary pollution discharge risk, burning process risk, landfill process risk and managing risk, take W, P, F, T, G as independent variable builds evaluation function in environmental risk assessment, there is strong adaptability, dynamic change, pin-point accuracy.

To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

A kind of Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source evaluation method, comprise the steps:

(1) determine Abfallwirtschaft industry environmental risk factor, comprising: refuse is processed risk, secondary pollution discharge risk, burning process risk, landfill process risk and managing risk;

(2) set up the mathematical model of each environmental risk factor, by calculating value-at-risk;

(3) the direct stack of the value-at-risk of each environmental risk factor is obtained to the value-at-risk of Abfallwirtschaft industry total environment risk source, computation model is:

I＝W+P+(F/T)+(G ₁+G ₂)

In formula: I---the value-at-risk of Abfallwirtschaft industry total environment risk source;

W---refuse is processed value-at-risk;

P---secondary pollution discharge value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

F---burning process value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

T---landfill process value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

G ₁---refuse landfill managing risk value;

G ₂---garbage burning factory managing risk value;

(4) according to the value-at-risk of total environment risk source by risk source divided rank as required, and different risk class is carried out to corresponding management.

The mathematical model that the above refuse is processed risk factors is:

$W=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(r_1*Q_1+r_2*Q_2)$

In formula: r ₁---hazardous waste harmfulness conversion factor, assignment 1;

R ₂---the harmfulness conversion factor of general refuse, assignment 0.3;

Q ₁---the year of hazardous waste is processed disposal amount, the t of unit;

Q ₂---the year of general refuse is processed disposal amount, the t of unit.

The above hazardous waste is the material in " national Hazardous Waste List ", general refuse is for comprising household garbage, TRADE REFUSE, office rubbish and industrial solid wastes, general industrial solid waste has the smelting refuse, flyash, boiler slag, gangue, mine tailing, sulfur-bearing debirs (desulfurated plaster), electronic waste, nitrogenous debirs, the calcic refuse, boron mud, red mud, salt slurry, the metal oxide refuse, inorganic wastewater mud, organic wastewater mud, animal residue, grain and food processing refuse, the leather refuse, the Chinese medicine residue, mineral type refuse, septic tank bed mud and animal wastes, industrial dust, non-ferrous metal, scrap iron and steel, wood chip, waste paper, waste plastics, scrap rubber, other refuses.

The mathematical model of the above secondary pollution discharge risk factors is:

$P=P_w+P_g+P_s=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N_w}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{C_i}{C_0}+\underset{i=1}{\overset{N_g}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{m_i}{m_0}+\frac{m_s}{5}$

In formula: P _w---discharge of wastewater value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

P _g---toxic emission value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

P _s---waste sludge discharge value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

N _w---the number of major pollutants in waste water;

N _g---the number of major pollutants in waste gas;

C _i---the concentration of emission of waste water major pollutants, the mg/L of unit;

C ₀---such Pollutant emission concentration of stipulating in the regional function zoning, the mg/L of unit;

M _i---the year discharge quality of waste gas major pollutants, the t of unit;

M ₀---such pollutant emission quality of stipulating in the regional function zoning, the t of unit;

M _s---the year discharge quality of waste residue major pollutants, the t of unit.

The mathematical model of the above burning process risk factors is:

$F=m_1*\frac{y}{y_0}*t$

In formula: m ₁---burning process day is processed refuse amount, the t of unit;

The actual useful year of y---incinerator, unit is year;

Y ₀---the design life of incinerator, unit is year;

The conversion factor of the temperature value of t---reactor, dimensionless, temperature of reaction kettle is divided into below-150 ℃ ,-150 ℃～50 ℃ ,-50 ℃～0 ℃, 0 ℃～50 ℃, 50 ℃～150 ℃, 150 ℃～250 ℃, 6 intervals, assignment 1.0,0.75,0.5,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0 respectively more than 250 ℃.

The mathematical model of the above landfill process risk factors is:

$T=m_2*\frac{V}{V_0}$

In formula: m ₂---day in landfill process year is processed refuse amount, the t of unit;

The actual use storage capacity of V---landfill factory, unit is ten thousand stere;

V ₀---storage capacity is used in the design of landfill factory, and unit is ten thousand stere;

The above managing risk factor comprises enterprise level managing risk factor and apparatus safety management risk factors, and the mathematical model of the value-at-risk of described enterprise level managing risk factor is:

In=S+O+A+C, the value of In is [0,1];

In formula: S---the safety management value;

O---process operation rules and system value;

A---risk management system and accident record value;

C---emergency preplan/emergency drilling value;

Described safety management value, comprise three indexs of personal security managerial accountability, safety education and training and safety inspection, and three all possess is 0 minute, and possessing two is 0.09, possesses one and be 0.18, three all not possess be 0.25;

Definite method of described process operation rules and system value, be to have the Processes and apparatus operation instructions and working specification is 0 minute, and relevant rules and regulations are 0.25 minute;

Described risk management system and accident record value, comprise environmental risk assessment (or the special chapter of the risk in environmental impact assessment) and detailed two indexs of accident record (culprit, damage sequence, experience and lessons), two all possess is 0 minute, only have one 0.15 minute, all do nothing 0.25 minute for two;

Definite method of described emergency preplan/emergency drilling value, enterprise can show emergency preplan and regularly carry out emergency drilling is 0 minute, only can carry out one is 0.15 minute, all does nothing 0.25 minute for two;

Described apparatus safety management risk factors comprise refuse landfill apparatus safety management risk factors and garbage burning factory apparatus safety management risk factors,

The mathematical model of described refuse landfill apparatus safety management risk factors is:

E ₁=1-n ₁/4

In formula: E ₁---refuse landfill apparatus safety management value-at-risk;

N ₁---the safety feature number that refuse landfill possesses comprises four indexs of seepage control system, leachate collection system, gas guide system and rainwater and groundwater deflector;

The mathematical model of described garbage burning factory apparatus safety management risk factors is:

E ₂=1-n ₂/4

In formula: E ₂---garbage burning factory apparatus safety management value-at-risk;

N ₂---the safety feature number that garbage burning factory possesses comprises in temperature controller, explosion-protection equipment, incinerator that material proportion detects, urgent cooling/four of lugs index.

The above refuse landfill managing risk value is: G ₁=(In+E ₁)/2; Described garbage burning factory managing risk value is G ₂=(In+E ₂)/2.

Size according to the value-at-risk of total environment risk source in the above step (4) is set risk class: according to environment risk source I codomain, be to be divided into the I level in 0<I≤10000 scopes the time; Environment risk source I codomain is that 10000<I≤50000 o'clock are divided into the II level; Environment risk source I codomain is divided into the III level while being 50000<I.

When risk class is the I level, management expectancy now is that risk source is carried out to routine management;

When risk class is the II level, management expectancy now is that risk source is carried out to tighten management, and carries out management accounts;

When risk class is the III level, management expectancy now is that risk source is carried out to tighten management, and is equipped with corresponding monitor and control facility and emergency disposal scheme and reserve supply.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

1. this method solves at present and the planless evaluation problem for Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source, a kind of evaluation method is provided, mainly extract the refuse that characterizes its risk level and processed risk, secondary pollution discharge risk, burning process risk, landfill process risk and managing risk, take W, P, F, T, G as independent variable builds evaluation function in environmental risk assessment, there is strong adaptability, dynamic change, pin-point accuracy.

2. realize Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source systematization, standardization, scientific consider evaluation.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the scope that embodiment means.

Utilize the inventive method to carry out environmental risk assessment to the Liuzhou city, Guangxi province destructor plant, the Environment risk factors, set up index system.The correlation circumstance of this destructor plant is as shown in table 1:

Table 1

This Sewage Plant total environment value-at-risk:

I=W+P+ (F/T)+G=32000+667+6+20000+1.5/1000+0.615=52674, risk class is the III rank, management expectancy now is that risk source is carried out to tighten management, and is equipped with corresponding monitor and control facility and emergency disposal scheme and reserve supply.

The above embodiment of the present invention scheme is only can not limit the present invention to explanation of the present invention, pointed out design parameter in the inventive method calculating in claim, and the scope of parameter of the present invention is not pointed out in above-mentioned explanation, therefore, in the implication suitable with claims of the present invention and any change in scope, all be considered to be in the scope that is included in claims.

Claims (7)

1. an Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source evaluation method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

(1) determine Abfallwirtschaft industry environmental risk factor, comprising: refuse is processed risk, secondary pollution discharge risk, burning process risk, landfill process risk and managing risk;

(2) set up the mathematical model of each environmental risk factor, by calculating value-at-risk;

(3) the direct stack of the value-at-risk of each environmental risk factor is obtained to the value-at-risk of Abfallwirtschaft industry total environment risk source, computation model is:

I＝W+P+(F/T)+(G ₁+G ₂)

In formula: I---the value-at-risk of Abfallwirtschaft industry total environment risk source;

W---refuse is processed value-at-risk;

P---secondary pollution discharge value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

F---burning process value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

T---landfill process value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

G ₁---refuse landfill managing risk value;

G ₂---garbage burning factory managing risk value;

(4) according to the value-at-risk of total environment risk source by risk source divided rank as required, and different risk class is carried out to corresponding management.

2. Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mathematical model that described refuse is processed risk factors is:

In formula: r ₁---hazardous waste harmfulness conversion factor, assignment 1;

R ₂---the harmfulness conversion factor of general refuse, assignment 0.3;

Q ₁---the year of hazardous waste is processed disposal amount, the t of unit;

Q ₂---the year of general refuse is processed disposal amount, the t of unit.

3. Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mathematical model of described secondary pollution discharge risk factors is:

In formula: P _w---discharge of wastewater value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

P _g---toxic emission value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

P _s---waste sludge discharge value-at-risk, constant, dimensionless;

N _w---the number of major pollutants in waste water;

N _g---the number of major pollutants in waste gas;

C _i---the concentration of emission of waste water major pollutants, the mg/L of unit;

C ₀---such Pollutant emission concentration of stipulating in the regional function zoning, the mg/L of unit;

M _i---the year discharge quality of waste gas major pollutants, the t of unit;

M ₀---this discharge quality of stipulating in the regional function zoning, the t of unit in pollutant year;

M _s---the year discharge quality of waste residue major pollutants, the t of unit.

4. Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mathematical model of described burning process risk factors is:

In formula: m ₁---burning process day is processed refuse amount, the t of unit;

The actual useful year of y---incinerator, unit is year;

Y ₀---the design life of incinerator, unit is year;

The conversion factor of the temperature value of t---reactor, dimensionless, temperature of reaction kettle is divided into below-150 ℃ ,-150 ℃～50 ℃ ,-50 ℃～0 ℃, 0 ℃～50 ℃, 50 ℃～150 ℃, 150 ℃～250 ℃, 6 intervals, assignment 1.0,0.75,0.5,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0 respectively more than 250 ℃.

5. Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mathematical model of described landfill process risk factors is:

In formula: m ₂---landfill process year is processed refuse amount, the t of unit;

The actual use storage capacity of V---landfill factory, unit is ten thousand stere;

V ₀---storage capacity is used in the design of landfill factory, and unit is ten thousand stere.

6. Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described managing risk factor comprises enterprise level managing risk factor and apparatus safety management risk factors, and the mathematical model of the value-at-risk of described enterprise level managing risk factor is:

In=S+O+A+C, the value of In is [0,1];

In formula: S---the safety management value;

O---process operation rules and system value;

A---risk management system and accident record value;

C---emergency preplan/emergency drilling value;

Described safety management value, comprise three indexs of personal security managerial accountability, safety education and training and safety inspection, and three all possess is 0 minute, and possessing two is 0.09, possesses one and be 0.18, three all not possess be 0.25;

Definite method of described process operation rules and system value, be to have the Processes and apparatus operation instructions and working specification is 0 minute, and relevant rules and regulations are 0.25 minute;

Described risk management system and accident record value, comprise environmental risk assessment and detailed two indexs of accident record, and two all possess is 0 minute, only have one 0.15 minute, all do nothing 0.25 minute for two;

Definite method of described emergency preplan/emergency drilling value, enterprise can show emergency preplan and regularly carry out emergency drilling is 0 minute, only can carry out one is 0.15 minute, all does nothing 0.25 minute for two;

Described apparatus safety management risk factors comprise refuse landfill apparatus safety management risk factors and garbage burning factory apparatus safety management risk factors,

The mathematical model of described refuse landfill apparatus safety management risk factors is:

E ₁=1-n ₁/4

In formula: E ₁---refuse landfill apparatus safety management value-at-risk;

N ₁---the safety feature number that refuse landfill possesses comprises four indexs of seepage control system, leachate collection system, gas guide system and rainwater and groundwater deflector;

The mathematical model of described garbage burning factory apparatus safety management risk factors is:

E ₂=1-n ₂/4

In formula: E ₂---garbage burning factory apparatus safety management value-at-risk;

N ₂---the safety feature number that garbage burning factory possesses comprises in temperature controller, explosion-protection equipment, incinerator that material proportion detects, urgent cooling/four of lugs index.

7. Abfallwirtschaft industry environment risk source evaluation method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described refuse landfill managing risk value is: G ₁=(In+E ₁)/2; Described garbage burning factory managing risk value is G ₂=(In+E ₂)/2.