CN103471932A - Metal material stress-strain curve measuring method and metal material stress-strain curve use method - Google Patents
Metal material stress-strain curve measuring method and metal material stress-strain curve use method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a metal material flow stress curve measuring method. The metal material flow stress curve measuring method comprises the following steps of A, detecting variation of a strain rate in a high-temperature metal material uniform-compression experiment carried out by a testing machine, B, constructing a three-dimensional curve function comprising an x-axial true strain curve, a y-axial strain rate curve and a z-axial true stress curve, and C, carrying out interpolation on the three-dimensional curve function obtained by the step B to obtain a stress-strain correction curve. The invention also provides a metal material stress-strain curve use method. The three-dimensional curve of true strain and true stress at a true strain rate is constructed and through interpolation, strain rate-caused influence is further eliminated and the stress-strain correction curve is obtained and thus the influence caused by strain rate increasing in compression on stress-strain curve warping is reduced under the conditions of the existing testing machine precision and the existing control system so that the stress-strain curve is approximate to true.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material and hot-working field physical simulation techniques, be specifically related to a kind of metal material stress-strain curve and measure and application process.
Background technology
In the high temperature forging of metal is produced, understand in advance the high temperature deformation rule of metal material, its stress-strain curve, can work out correct Forging Technology, according to the different distortion conditional request, processed, and forges high-precision product.
On the other hand, the product of making for metal material is during for special-purpose, such as the bearing for bullet train, engine etc., its duty is high temperature, heavily stressed state, therefore, How to choose is made the metal material of this series products, also needs to understand its stress-strain curve, after the stress-strain curve of having understood material, could correctly choose the product that corresponding material is made.
Visible, how to obtain the stress-strain curve of the metal material under specified temp, how to obtain the deformation rule under the high temperature of metal material, be in high temperature forging technique, or one of the important evidence of chosen material in special-purpose.
For the numerical simulation of metal material thermal deformation process, the material model particularly accuracy of material stress-strain curve is most important for the impact of the accuracy of final analog result.Theoretically, the universal law of Metal Hot Forming and Microstructural Evolution is: when metal, during in pure dynamic recovery state, the stress value that distortion starts increases rapidly with strain, after surpassing certain deflection, stress reduces gradually with the rate of rise of strain, until stress reaches its steady-state value.When metal, during in the dynamic recrystallization state, the stress that distortion starts increases sharply with strain, reduces gradually after reaching peak stress, and reduces speed and reduce gradually, until reach dynamic recrystallization stable state stress value and remain unchanged.When metal, during in dynamic grain growth state, stress-strain curve is multimodal, increases the stress concussion with strain and eases up gradually, and be tending towards stable state.As from the foregoing, in metal material (sample), be no matter that dynamic recovery, dynamic recrystallization or dynamic grain growth occur, as long as strain is enough large, its stress all goes to zero with the rate of change of strain, stress numerical tends to its stable state and remains unchanged, thereby theoretical stress-strain curve afterbody warpage should not occur.
But, the stress-strain curve under a high temperature of choosing arbitrarily in experiment as shown in Figure 1, the warpage situation of curve tail does not occur in none, mean that stress increases with strain, and its strain rate also increases thereupon simultaneously.Obviously, afterbody warpage and theoretical curve are not inconsistent, and for the true curve of explaining experiment measuring and the error of theoretical curve, normally it are attributed to the load caused because of friction at present and strengthen, and go near theoretical curve by the correcting mode of friction factor.
But the error that this reason that is considered as rubbing is brought, it is not the main cause of above-mentioned afterbody warpage, and this interpretation procedure can not solve the curve tail warpage issues in the high temperature experiment, also misled material microstructure and property Changing Pattern in hot procedure, adopt wrong error parameter to remove to revise trus stress-strain curve that experiment obtains, and then can cause the mistake to material in engineering to be chosen, or wrong technological parameter in processing technology.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of metal material stress-strain curve measures and application process, under the condition of existing testing machine precision and control system, reduce the impact of the corresponding force-strain curve warpage of increase of strain rate in compression process, make the material stress strain curve more approach truth, thereby the numerical simulation of metal material is produced to actively impact.
The metal material stress-strain curve measuring method that the application provides comprises step:
The variable quantity of strain rate in the even compression experiment of high temperature metallic material that A, detection testing machine carry out;
B, build the three-dimensional curve function comprise strain rate curve that x axial true strain curve, y are axial and the axial trus stress curve of z;
C, the three-dimensional curve function in step B is carried out to interpolation, generate the stress-strain fair curve.
By upper, be structured under logarithmic strain speed, the three-dimensional curve of trus stress, true strain, further, eliminate the impact of strain rate by interpolation, generate the stress-strain fair curve, thereby realize under the condition of existing testing machine precision and control system, reduce the impact of the corresponding force-strain curve warpage of increase of strain rate in compression process, make the material stress strain curve more approach truth.
Optionally, described strain rate
wherein V means ram movement speed, the L of testing machine
0the initial length, the ε that mean metal material mean true strain.
By upper, obtain the curve of strain rate with strain variation by this expression formula, can intuitively draw the variable quantity of strain rate in even compression experiment, so that being produced to warpage, strain rate counter stress-strain curve afterbody provides Data support.
Optionally, described true strain curve
in formula, L means instantaneous length, the L of metal material
0the initial length that means sample;
The trus stress curve
wherein,
in formula, F means that the suffered load of metal material, A mean instantaneous cross-sectional area, the A of metal material stress surface
0the initial cross sectional that means the metal material stress surface is long-pending, L means that metal material is subject to load and instantaneous length, L after compressed
0the initial length that means metal material.
Optionally, in step C, comprising:
Step C1: the x axle is carried out to linear interpolation;
Step C2: the y axle is carried out to surface interpolation.
By upper, by x axle, y axle are carried out respectively to interpolation arithmetic, eliminate strain rate parameter in 3-D view, to draw the stress-strain curve of equi-strain rate, alleviate the impact of the afterbody warpage of the corresponding force-strain curve of strain rate with realization.
Optionally, described high temperature refer in experiment higher than the metal material recrystallization temperature, and lower than the temperature of solidus.
By upper, by sufficiently high temperature is set, make metal material that more suitable compression experiment environment be arranged.
Optionally, obtain the stress-strain curve of tested metal material according to above-mentioned metal material stress-strain curve measuring method, according to the stress-strain curve of measured metal material, metal forming numerical value is simulated.
Further, the application also provides a kind of application process of metal material stress-strain curve,
Obtain the stress-strain curve of tested metal material according to above-mentioned metal material stress-strain curve measuring method, according to the measured stress-strain curve of giving a metal material, metal forming numerical value is simulated, according to the result of simulation, formulated Technology for Heating Processing.
By upper, by eliminate the stress-strain curve of Warping Effect, be applied to the metal forming numerical simulation, the degree of accuracy of this curve can directly affect the correctness of numerical simulation result, thereby the numerical simulation of metal material is produced to actively impact.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is stress-strain curve afterbody warpage schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is stress-strain curve schematic diagram under differentiated friction power;
Fig. 3 is flow stress curve measuring method schematic flow sheet;
The schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is strain rate in even compression experiment;
The schematic three dimensional views that Fig. 5 is flow stress curve;
Fig. 6 is stress-strain fair curve correction schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The stress-strain curve afterbody warpage situation of having found in simulated experiment under existing high temperature based on current, prior art is attributed to by it load caused because of friction and strengthens.And accordingly, the applicant is being tested and assessed to friction factor in the great many of experiments process, partial test wherein for example only as follows, its objective is, under low volume data, be do not go out rule, the present invention is the rule drawn through great many of experiments, just for convenience of description, after the rule based on drawing, use conversely following low volume data as checking.Here it should be noted that, the simulation under high temperature is often referred to higher than the metal material recrystallization temperature, and lower than the temperature of solidus, for example, aluminium alloy is temperature required be greater than 500 ℃, steel temperature required be greater than 900 ℃, steel alloy is temperature required is greater than 1200 ℃.
Specifically, according to general knowledge, the friction factor of metal is in 0.1～0.3 scope, accordingly, as shown in Figure 2, in Numerical Experiment, friction factor is set to 0,0.1 and 0.3 respectively, stress-strain curve by the observation experiment result draws, in the identical situation of stress-strain curve homomorphosis, the deflection that different coefficients of friction is corresponding, friction factor is larger, and stress is larger, and, the closer to curve tail, the friction factor impact is larger.Experiment showed, that friction force has contribution to load, but friction force is not fairly obvious to the load contribution in most of deformation process.
It has been generally acknowledged that for generalized case strain rate does not change in process of the test, and using initial strain rate as unique strain rate.But the most metals material is all comparatively responsive to strain rate under the condition of high temperature, the strain meeting increases with the increase of strain rate, therefore, in simulation process, the rising of strain rate can cause the increase of stress, can further determine thus, strain rate is for affecting the important factor in order of stress-strain curve afterbody warpage.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of metal material flow stress curve under high temperature of the present invention (being stress-strain curve under high temperature) measuring method is described in detail.The experiment of below take under 1200 ℃ of high temperature describes as example.Be understood that, the present invention is not confined to this temperature.Higher than used metal material recrystallization temperature, and all can lower than the solidus temperature of used metal material.
As shown in Figure 3, metal material flow stress curve measuring method comprises:
Step 10: detect in even compression experiment the variable quantity of strain rate.
For the metal material under high temperature, usually adopt Material Testing Machine to carry out the hot simulation compression test, evenly compression experiment strain rate formula is:
the true strain formula is
In formula, L means the instantaneous length of metal material (sample), and unit is mm, L
0mean the initial length of sample, the speed that V means pressure head of testing machine, unit is mm/s.
By above-mentioned formula is converted, can obtain the expression formula of strain rate to the function of true strain
can draw strain rate-true strain schematic diagram by this expression formula.Suppose compression experiment sample initial length L
0for 15mm, test head movement velocity V is 0.15mm/s, and the function expression according to rate of stressing to true strain can obtain the curve of strain rate with strain variation.As shown in Figure 4, as seen in even compression test process, along with the carrying out of true strain ε, strain rate
constantly increase, while finishing to even compression experiment, strain rate
amplification surpasses twice.
Owing to determining that strain rate is for affecting the main cause of stress-strain curve afterbody warpage, and the purpose of step 10 is, calculate the actual change amount of strain rate in experiment, for analyzing hereinafter and reducing strain rate the impact of warpage is carried out to Data support.
Step 20: the three-dimensional curve function that builds flow stress curve.
The three-dimensional curve function of flow stress curve comprises trus stress, true strain and strain rate curve.Wherein, the formula of trus stress is:
wherein,
in the trus stress formula, F means load, and unit is the instantaneous cross-sectional area that N, A mean the sample stress surface, and unit is mm
2, A
0the initial cross sectional that means the sample stress surface is long-pending, and unit is mm
2.
In addition, true strain ε and strain rate
formula with identical described in step 10, repeat no more.
The corresponding trus stress σ of image representation Test Point Data as shown in Figure 5, true strain ε and this strain rate constantly
.
Try to achieve the actual change amount of strain rate in experiment in step 10, and in this step, as shown in Figure 5, constructed under this strain rate the three-dimensional curve function of trus stress, true strain.Can intuitively draw the impact of the corresponding force-strain curve afterbody of strain rate warpage.
Step 30: the three-dimensional curve function in step 20 is done to interpolation, generate the stress-strain fair curve.
Adopt the data method deal with data, first to the x axle, (strain) carries out linear interpolation, afterwards y axle (strain rate) carried out to surface interpolation, comprising trus stress σ, true strain ε, strain rate
the triaxiality space in set up the test figure curved surface of this high temperature deformation material, obtain afterwards the data of arbitrfary point by the method for interpolation, thereby obtain the stress-strain curve of equi-strain rate.Wherein, according to resulting each data, carrying out interpolation and obtain corresponding curve, is common method, therefore repeat no more.
As shown in Figure 6, the represented original experimentation curve comparison of the fair curve that dotted line is represented and solid line can find out, said method has correction effect preferably for the curve warpage.With 1200 ℃ of deformation temperatures, strain rate 0.05S
-1and 0.01S
-1carry out quantitative comparison for example, the curve tail warpage has revised respectively 19.2% and 18.4%, and correction effect is obvious.
In this step, owing in the three-dimensional curve function, successively x axle (strain) and y axle (strain rate) being carried out to surface interpolation, eliminated the impact of the corresponding force-strain curve of strain rate.Be the main cause that affects stress-strain curve afterbody warpage owing to analyzing before strain rate, and, after eliminating the impact of strain rate, can find, stress-strain curve afterbody warpage is no longer obvious.And be the main cause that affects stress-strain curve afterbody warpage by this method strain rate of also having given counterevidence.
Based on revised data, fully and accurately expose and disclose material mechanical property Changing Pattern in hot procedure, the problem that the evaluation material occurs when hot-working, provide theoretical direction and technical basis for formulating rational processing technology and developing new material.
By upper, of the present invention focusing on, current industry is thought to the afterbody warpage reason of the stress-strain curve of metal material is attributed to the reason mainly produced by friction force under high temperature, through inventor's experiment and analysis, afterbody warpage except friction force generation stress-strain curve, the strain rate that under high temperature, the mobility of metal material produces is similarly the important factor in order of the afterbody warpage of stress-strain curve, and provide the measuring method of stress-strain curve based on this, so that curve obtained is revised.
The application also provides a kind of application process to the metal material stress-strain curve, according to revised stress-strain curve, carries out the metal forming numerical simulation.
The thermal treatment of metal material is as the subsequent process of material processing, and the Performance and quality of part is played an important role.But, in heat treatment process, the interior temperature distribution of part is inhomogeneous, structural transformation is uneven and produce the nonaffine deformation that unrelieved stress can cause part, reduces counter-bending, torsional strength and the fatigue strength of part, increases fracture susceptibility.Under same selection condition, if the Technology for Heating Processing chosen just can produce rational stress distribution, reduce nonaffine deformation, increase the service life.Therefore, rational technique is most important concerning thermal treatment.
The purpose of numerical simulation is to disclose the transient state temperature field of inside parts in heat treatment process, organize variation, internal stress or infiltration layer concentration change etc., and then instructs production practices.In heat treatment process, the variation of inside parts temperature causes phase transformation, and latent heat of phase change affects the part temperature field conversely; Temperature variation and phase transformation also cause the inside parts stress field simultaneously.Therefore the numerical simulation of heat treatment process must adopt the algorithm of temperature-phase transformation-stress/strain three coupling.Because the numerical simulation of metal forming belongs to the common technology in commercial production, therefore the application is no longer repeated it.By upper, will carry out revised stress-strain curve by preceding method and input to as known conditions in the relational expression of numerical simulation, the degree of accuracy of this curve can directly affect the correctness of numerical simulation result.And the metal forming numerical simulation is to work out the foundation of technique in actual industrial production.
In addition, revised stress-strain curve also can be applicable to commercial production and formulates technique, can be with the stress-strain curve judgement as shaping load, and the technological parameters such as heating-up temperature.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a metal material stress-strain curve measuring method comprises step:
The variable quantity of strain rate in the even compression experiment of high temperature metallic material that A, detection testing machine carry out;
B, build the three-dimensional curve function comprise strain rate curve that x axial true strain curve, y are axial and the axial trus stress curve of z;
C, the three-dimensional curve function in step B is carried out to interpolation, generate the stress-strain fair curve.
2. metal material stress-strain curve measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described strain rate
wherein V means ram movement speed, the L of testing machine
0the initial length, the ε that mean metal material mean true strain.
3. metal material stress-strain curve measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described true strain curve
in formula, L means instantaneous length, the L of metal material
0the initial length that means sample;
The trus stress curve
wherein,
in formula, F means that the suffered load of metal material, A mean instantaneous cross-sectional area, the A of metal material stress surface
0the initial cross sectional that means the metal material stress surface is long-pending, L means that metal material is subject to load and instantaneous length, L after compressed
0the initial length that means metal material.
4. metal material stress-strain curve measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step C, comprising:
Step C1: the x axle is carried out to linear interpolation;
Step C2: the y axle is carried out to surface interpolation.
5. metal material stress-strain curve measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described high temperature refer in experiment higher than the metal material recrystallization temperature, and lower than the temperature of solidus.
6. the application process of a metal material stress-strain curve, it is characterized in that, obtain the stress-strain curve of tested metal material according to the arbitrary described metal material stress-strain curve measuring method of claim 1～5, according to the stress-strain curve of measured metal material, metal forming numerical value is simulated.
7. the application process of a metal material stress-strain curve, it is characterized in that, obtain the stress-strain curve of tested metal material according to the arbitrary described metal material stress-strain curve measuring method of claim 1～5, according to the measured stress-strain curve of giving a metal material, metal forming numerical value is simulated, according to the result of simulation, formulated Technology for Heating Processing.
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| CN109085061A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-25 | 天津钢管集团股份有限公司 | A method of obtaining metal material stress-strain diagram under static compress state |
| CN109085061B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-09-29 | 天津钢管制造有限公司 | Method for obtaining stress-strain curve of metal material in static compression state |
| CN109115603B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-11-03 | 天津钢管制造有限公司 | Method for obtaining stress-strain curve of metal material in static stretching state |
| CN109708969A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-03 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of method of determining metal material anisotropy and tension and compression asymmetry feature |
| CN112556752A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-26 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | In-service carbon fiber composite core wire mechanical property testing method, device and system |
| CN112556752B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-07-12 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | In-service carbon fiber composite core wire mechanical property testing method, device and system |
| CN113432973A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-24 | 四川长虹空调有限公司 | Method for rapidly acquiring stress-strain data of metal plate under high strain rate |
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