CN103468228A - Surface active agent and oil-soluble viscosity reducer for crude oil as well as preparation method of surface active agent - Google Patents
Surface active agent and oil-soluble viscosity reducer for crude oil as well as preparation method of surface active agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN103468228A CN103468228A CN2013104132611A CN201310413261A CN103468228A CN 103468228 A CN103468228 A CN 103468228A CN 2013104132611 A CN2013104132611 A CN 2013104132611A CN 201310413261 A CN201310413261 A CN 201310413261A CN 103468228 A CN103468228 A CN 103468228A
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Abstract
The invention provides a surface active agent and an oil-soluble viscosity reducer for crude oil as well as a preparation method of the surface active agent. The surface active agent is fatty acid ester ethyl sulphobetaine; and the oil-soluble viscosity reducer for crude oil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: (1) 40%-70% of mixed aromatics solvent, (2) 20%-55% of mutual solvent and (3) 2%-10% of surface active agent. The oil-soluble viscosity reducer for crude oil has the advantages that the fatty acid ester ethyl sulphobetaine type surface active agent obtained by the reaction of propane sultone and long-chain fatty acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester is firstly adopted in the oil-soluble viscosity reducer for the crude oil, the viscosity reducing effect is obvious, the using amount of the oil-soluble viscosity reducer does not exceed 5%, and the viscosity reduction rate of the oil-soluble viscosity reducer is above 90%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the viscosity-depression agent technical field of viscous crude oil, specifically, relate to a kind of tensio-active agent, oil soluble heavy crude thinner and preparation method.
Background technology
Viscous crude aboundresources in the world, its geologic reserve surpasses conventional crude.Along with social high speed development, the demand of the energy increases day by day, and the exploitation of viscous crude resource is significant for alleviating energy crisis.Yet, because viscosity of thickened oil is large, rheological property is poor, the reoovery method of conventional crude is not suitable for viscous oil recovery.The key of viscous oil recovery is to reduce the viscosity of viscous crude, improves the rheological property of viscous crude.Reducing thick oil viscosity method commonly used mainly contains: heating, viscosity reducing method, thin oil blending visbreaking method, chemical viscosity reduction method, microorganism viscosity reduction method and ultrasonic thinning method etc.Heating, viscosity reducing method energy consumption is high, and the energy resource utilization ratio is low, and economic attrition is large; The thin oil blending visbreaking method needs a large amount of thin oils, and front and back dehydration energy consumption is high, and complete processing requires high; Microorganism viscosity reduction method bacterial screening is cultivated difficulty, and suitability and ubiquity are not strong; The restriction that microwave viscosity reduction method is subject to technical qualification and Financial cost is difficult to widespread use; The chemical viscosity reduction method, because technique is simple, easy to operate, low cost and other advantages receives much concern.
The chemical viscosity reduction method is that chemical viscosity reduction comprises oil soluble viscosity reduction and reducing viscosity by emulsifying by add a kind of method that pharmaceutical chemicals reaches the viscosity reduction purpose in viscous crude.Reducing viscosity by emulsifying requires the viscous crude water content to be not less than in theory 25%, and it mainly is applicable to the viscous crude that water content is higher, and emulsion stability is wayward, the breaking emulsion and dewatering difficulty in later stage.The oil soluble viscosity reduction also can be used for the low even water-free viscous crude of water content, and does not have the shortcoming of later stage dehydration.
Oil-soluble viscosity reducer mainly can divide 3 types: 1. condenses type, 2. polymer-type, 3. polymeric surface active agent type.The condenses type is mainly to develop on the basis of pour point depression, is mainly used in the viscosity reduction of lubricating oil.Polymer-type is mainly homopolymer or the multipolymer of unsaturated monomer, and the polymkeric substance of the unsaturated monomers such as the senior carbon ester of vinylformic acid, maleic anhydride, vinylbenzene, vinyl acetate is typically arranged.The general reactions steps of the viscosity-depression agent of polymer-type is more, reacts wayward, and productive rate is not high, and viscosity reduction is limited in one's ability, and having the people to take the viscosity break ratio of the synthetic ter-polymers of acrylate, maleic anhydride, vinylbenzene is only 60%～70%.The polymeric surface active agent type is mainly that the monomer polymerization that has a surface active groups by alkene, unsaturated acid ester and vinyl alcohol polyethers, alkenyl sulphonate etc. forms.Usually, the general raw materials cost of polymeric surface active agent is higher, synthesis technique is comparatively complicated, viscosity reducing effect is limited, ubiquity is poor, and wherein the nonionogenic tenside heat resistance is poor, and some (as alkylphenol polyoxyethylene) is large to environmental hazard.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of tensio-active agent, oil soluble heavy crude thinner and preparation method, made up to a great extent the defect that general viscosity-depression agent viscosity reducing effect is poor, the scope of application is little, heat resistance is poor and environmental injury is large, it is good that purpose is to develop a kind of viscosity reducing effect, cost is low, raw material sources are wide, technique is simple, easy to operate oil soluble heavy crude thinner.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of tensio-active agent, described tensio-active agent is fatty acid ester ethyl sultaine, has following general structure:
A kind of oil soluble heavy crude thinner that adopts above-mentioned tensio-active agent, made by the component of following mass percent, (1) BTX aromatics solvent 40%～70%; (2) mutual solvent 20%～55%; (3) tensio-active agent 2%～10%.
Oil soluble heavy crude thinner as mentioned above, the component of preferred mass percent: (1) BTX aromatics solvent 60%～70%; (2) mutual solvent 25%～35%; (3) tensio-active agent 5%～7%.
Oil soluble heavy crude thinner as mentioned above, the BTX aromatics that described BTX aromatics solvent is 150 ℃～210 ℃ of boiling ranges in refining of petroleum.The BTX aromatics of 150 ℃～210 ℃ of boiling ranges in refining of petroleum, its composition consists of isopropyl benzene, n-proplbenzene, o-methylethylbenzene, 1-methyl-3-ethylbenzene, 1-methyl-4-ethylbenzene, 1,2,3-Three methyl Benzene, 1, multiple mixture in 2,4-Three methyl Benzene, often be called as C9.
Oil soluble heavy crude thinner as mentioned above, described mutual solvent is one or more in diglycidyl ether of ethylene glycol, thanomin, diethanolamine, trolamine, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, butyl glycol ether.
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned tensio-active agent adopts following steps:
(1) at first prepare lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester: the amount of substance ratio is mixed with dimethylaminoethanol for the lipid acid of 1:1.1, add the dense H2SO4 of reactant quality mark 0.1-1 ‰ as catalyzer, toluene is as the band aqua, 150-180 ℃ is back to and does not have moisture to go out, reaction approximately needs 4-6 hour, remove toluene and excessive dimethylaminoethanol under decompression and obtain lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester, reaction scheme is as follows:
(2) get amount of substance than the propane sultone and lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester that are 1.05 ︰ 1～1.1 ︰ 1, to be dissolved in propane sultone in acetone adds in reactor, then cooling in 10 ℃ of water-baths of temperature control, stir under, lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester that will be dissolved in acetone slowly splashes in reactor, drip off and temperature is risen to 35 ℃～40 ℃ stir insulation 24 hours afterwards, a large amount of white solids appear, suction filtration is except the acetone in the mixed liquid of dereaction, the gained white solid is fatty acid ester ethyl sultaine, and reaction scheme is as follows:
After reaction finishes, generate product and be insoluble to acetone, suction filtration is removed acetone and is obtained tensio-active agent fatty acid ester ethyl sultaine, and recover acetone is reused, and saves cost.The band aqua is more common in esterification, and band aqua commonly used has: benzene,toluene,xylene, hexanaphthene, sherwood oil.
Further, the acetone soln concentration of described propane sultone and lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester is all massfraction 30%-45%.This is strength of solution method for expressing commonly used, such as the acetone soln of lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester of massfraction 30% refers to fatty acids-2-in 100g solution (dimethylamino) ethyl ester 30g.
Further, described lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester has following general structure:
Tensio-active agent in the present invention is synthetic by propane sultone and lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester, wherein amino, sulfonic group is all polar group, can partly replace the hydrogen bond between colloid, bituminous matter, weaken the stability of stratiform packed structures, enhancing, to colloid, bitum loose effect, improves the viscosity reduction ability.
The present invention adopts fatty acid ester ethyl sultaine type tensio-active agent preparation viscosity-depression agent first, adopt BTX aromatics and mutual solvent and surfactant compound to make oil-soluble viscosity reducer, possesses advantage simple to operate, that cost is low, to reducing thick oil viscosity the time, consumption is few, consumption is no more than 5%, viscosity reducing effect is remarkable, and viscosity break ratio is more than 90%.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is tensio-active agent stearate ethyl sultaine infrared spectrum.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Embodiment 1:
284g stearic acid (1mol) mixes with 97.9g dimethylaminoethanol (1.1mol), add the 0.3g vitriol oil, toluene is as the band aqua, 150-180 ℃ of reaction 6 hours, to anhydrous separating, toluene and excessive dimethylaminoethanol are removed in decompression, obtain stearic acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester (n=16) 355g.
Get 12.8g propane sultone (0.105mol) and be dissolved in 30ml(24g) in acetone, add in the 500ml there-necked flask that prolong, dropping funnel and electric stirring are housed, then at 10 ℃ of constant temperature water baths, stir, take 35.5g stearic acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester (0.1mol) and be dissolved in 100ml(80g) by dropping funnel, slowly splash in there-necked flask in acetone, drip off and rear temperature is risen to 35 ℃ of reactions 24 hours.Then, with Büchner funnel, filter, obtain white solid stearate ethyl sultaine (n=16) 43.8g.Its infrared spectrum as shown in Figure 1.
In the stearate ethyl sultaine infrared spectrum of Fig. 1,2925.53cm
-1place and 2854.17cm
-1place is respectively methyl-CH
3and methylene radical-CH
2-the asymmetrical stretching vibration absorption peak; 1747.21cm
-1place is C=O stretching vibration absorption peak; 1465.65cm
-1place is methylene radical-CH
2-the asymmetric bending vibration absorption peak; 1162.884cm
-1place is SO
3 -and the vibration absorption peak of C-N; 723.18cm
-1place is methylene radical-CH
2-face in wave absorption peak.The spectrogram display structure is consistent with object construction.
Embodiment 2:
284kg stearic acid (1000mol) mixes with 97.9kg dimethylaminoethanol (1100mol), add the 0.1kg vitriol oil, toluene is as the band aqua, 150-180 ℃ of reaction 6 hours, to anhydrous separating, toluene and excessive dimethylaminoethanol are removed in decompression, obtain stearic acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester (n=16) 355kg.
Get 128kg propane sultone (1050mol) and be dissolved in 250 L(200kg) in acetone, add the 2m that condensing equipment and whipping device are housed
3reactor in, then be cooled to 10 ℃, under constant temperature stirs, 355kg stearic acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester (1000mol) that will be dissolved in 800 L (640kg) acetone slowly adds in reactor, adds rear temperature to be risen to 35 ℃ of reactions 24 hours.Then, elimination acetone, obtain white solid stearate ethyl sultaine (n=16) 461kg.
Embodiment 3:
256g palmitinic acid (1mol) mixes with 97.9g dimethylaminoethanol (1.1mol), add the 0.3g vitriol oil, toluene is as the band aqua, 150-180 ℃ of reaction 6 hours, to anhydrous separating, toluene and excessive dimethylaminoethanol are removed in decompression, obtain palmitinic acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester (n=14) 327g.
Get 12.8g propane sultone (0.105mol) and be dissolved in 30ml(24g) in acetone, add in the 500ml there-necked flask that prolong, dropping funnel and electric stirring are housed, then at 10 ℃ of constant temperature water baths, stir, take 32.7g palmitinic acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester (0.1mol) and be dissolved in 80ml(64g) by dropping funnel, slowly splash in there-necked flask in acetone, drip off and rear temperature is risen to 35 ℃ of reactions 24 hours.Then, with Büchner funnel, filter, obtain white solid stearate ethyl sultaine (n=14) 40.3g.
Wherein, in the lipid acid of preparation table surface-active agent, effect is preferably stearic acid and palmitinic acid.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of oil-soluble viscosity reducer comprises the composition of following mass percent:
(1) the BTX aromatics solvent 60%; (2) the mutual solvent butyl glycol ether 35%; (3) tensio-active agent 5%.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of oil-soluble viscosity reducer comprises the composition of following mass percent:
(1) the BTX aromatics solvent 70%; (2) the mutual solvent diglycidyl ether of ethylene glycol 23%; (3) tensio-active agent 7%.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of preferably oil-soluble viscosity reducer comprises the composition of following mass percent:
(1) the BTX aromatics solvent 65%; (2) the mutual solvent butyl glycol ether 30%; (3) tensio-active agent 5%.
The BTX aromatics that BTX aromatics solvent described in embodiment 4-6 is 150 ℃～210 ℃ of boiling ranges;
Described tensio-active agent embodiment 4 and embodiment 5 are the synthetic stearate ethyl sultaine of embodiment 1, and embodiment 6 is the synthetic stearate ethyl sultaine of embodiment 2.
When preparing oil-soluble viscosity reducer, only three kinds of components need be mixed and get final product.
Oil-soluble viscosity reducer performance measurement method: get viscous crude and a certain amount of viscosity-depression agent and stir 30min, 50 ℃ of lower tested viscosity at 50 ℃ of constant temperature.With viscosity-depression agent, do not record viscosity and be designated as a
0, with viscosity-depression agent, record viscosity a
1, viscosity break ratio=(a
0-a
1)/a
0.Need of viscous oil recovery viscosity drops to below 4000mpa s.
Concrete experimental result is as follows:
(1) get the flat 07 well viscous crude 97.5g in list-83, get the oil-soluble viscosity reducer 2.5g that embodiment 4 prepares, 50 ℃ of lower constant temperature water baths stir 30min, and under 50 ℃, viscosity of thickened oil is by 45000mpa s (a
0) drop to 2800mpa s (a
1), viscosity break ratio 93.7%.
(2) get the flat 07 well viscous crude 95g in list-83, get the oil-soluble viscosity reducer 5g that embodiment 5 prepares, 50 ℃ of lower constant temperature water baths stir 30min, and under 50 ℃, viscosity of thickened oil drops to 3200mpa s by 45000mpa s, viscosity break ratio 92.8%.
(3) get the flat 07 well viscous crude 97.5g in list-83, get the oil-soluble viscosity reducer 2.5g that embodiment 6 prepares, 50 ℃ of lower constant temperature water baths stir 30min, and under 50 ℃, viscosity of thickened oil drops to 2150mpa s by 45000mpa s, viscosity break ratio 95.2%.
(4) the station viscous crude 95g of No. 39, Bin Nan oil recovery factory, sharp oil field four ore deposit 405 team that win victory, get the oil-soluble viscosity reducer 4g that embodiment 6 prepares, and 50 ℃ of lower constant temperature water baths stir 30min, and under 50 ℃, viscosity of thickened oil drops to 4600mpa s by 140000mpa s, viscosity break ratio 96.7%.
(5) the station viscous crude 95g of No. 39, Bin Nan oil recovery factory, sharp oil field four ore deposit 405 team that win victory, get the oil-soluble viscosity reducer 5g that embodiment 6 prepares, and 50 ℃ of lower constant temperature water baths stir 30min, and under 50 ℃, viscosity of thickened oil drops to 2950mpa s by 140000mpa s, viscosity break ratio 97.9%.
Viscosity-depression agent preparation method of the present invention is simple, and cost is low,
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the present invention to be done to the restriction of other form, and any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.But every technical solution of the present invention content that do not break away from, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling above embodiment done according to technical spirit of the present invention, still belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a tensio-active agent, it is characterized in that: described tensio-active agent is fatty acid ester ethyl sultaine, has following general structure:
2. an oil soluble heavy crude thinner, it is characterized in that: the component by following mass percent is made,
(1) the BTX aromatics solvent 40%～70%; (2) mutual solvent 20%～55%; (3) tensio-active agent 2%～10%.
3. oil soluble heavy crude thinner according to claim 2, is characterized in that being made by the component of following mass percent (1) BTX aromatics solvent 60%～70%; (2) mutual solvent 25%～35%; (3) tensio-active agent 5%～7%.
4. according to the described oil soluble heavy crude thinner of claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: the BTX aromatics that described BTX aromatics solvent is 150 ℃～210 ℃ of boiling ranges in refining of petroleum.
5. according to the described oil soluble heavy crude thinner of claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: described mutual solvent is one or more in diglycidyl ether of ethylene glycol, thanomin, diethanolamine, trolamine, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, butyl glycol ether.
6. the preparation method of the described tensio-active agent of claim 1 is characterized in that adopting following steps:
(1) at first prepare lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester: amount of substance, than mixing with dimethylaminoethanol for the lipid acid of 1:1.1, is added to the dense H of reactant quality mark 0.1-1 ‰
2sO
4as catalyzer, toluene is as the band aqua, and 150-180 ℃ is back to and does not have moisture to go out, and reaction approximately needs 4-6 hour, removes toluene and excessive dimethylaminoethanol under decompression and obtains lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester;
(2) get amount of substance than the propane sultone and lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester that are 1.05 ︰ 1～1.1 ︰ 1, to be dissolved in propane sultone in acetone adds in reactor, then cooling in 10 ℃ of water-baths of temperature control, stir under, lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester that will be dissolved in acetone slowly splashes in reactor, drip off and temperature is risen to 35 ℃～40 ℃ stir insulation 24 hours afterwards, a large amount of white solids appear, suction filtration is except the acetone in the mixed liquid of dereaction, and the gained white solid is fatty acid ester ethyl sultaine.
7. the preparation method of tensio-active agent according to claim 2, is characterized in that the acetone soln concentration of described propane sultone and lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester is all massfraction 30%-45%.
8. the preparation method of tensio-active agent according to claim 2 is characterized in that described lipid acid-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester has following general structure:
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