The resistant to elevated temperatures PBT composite of cold-resistant matchmaker and preparation method and application
[technical field]
The present invention relates to PBT composite and preparation method and application, be specifically related to have PBT composite and the preparation method and application of cold-resistant matchmaker's resistance to elevated temperatures.
[background technology]
Air-conditioning and our daily life are closely bound up, today our Domestic Air-condition owning amount at least also more than 1,000,000,000, and have the above air-conditioning of ten million platform to need to update every year, every year output of domestic (containing individual proprietorship, joint venture) is all more than 8,000 ten thousand simultaneously, we know that each air-conditioning needs a compressor motor, the effect of compressor motor is: circulating refrigerant (freon, dichlorodifluoromethane), oil impel heat exchange.In the motor of compressor, motor coil is arranged, coil rack is arranged in coil, skeleton is injection molded by the resin insulator material.
That generally acknowledges both at home and abroad is applied in compressor motor resin insulator material and must meets: 1) part of insulating material is for being insoluble to refrigerant, oil (cold-resistant matchmaker, oiliness); While 2) rushing magnetic, (intensity magnetizes) constantly split at the thin-walled position of skeleton; 3) be filled into fully the thin-walled position (the thin-walled mobility of material) of skeleton.
Along with air-conditioning technical to the energy-conserving and environment-protective future development, the electric current standard of compressor motor changes to DC frequency-changing (DC) standard by exchanging (AC) standard, the spiral mode of coil is changed to concentrating to roll up by minute yardage roll, the transformation of standard has greatly improved the effective power of compressor motor, reduced energy consumption, be embodied in the strength ratio that magnetizes that the compressor motor coil produces when magnetizing exchanges standard and has reduced more than 30% simultaneously, the resin insulator material of passing by so always to continue to use is that glass strengthens the 30%LCP(liquid crystal polymer), glass strengthens the 30%PPS(polyphenylene sulfide), LCP as everybody knows, the PPS material belongs to special engineering plastics, unit price is very expensive, at present, transformation due to the compressor motor standard, if re-use LCP, the PPS material has just seemed the performance surplus, our country enforced or introduced air-conditioning DC frequency-changing standard or technology since 2010 simultaneously, eliminate original interchange standard.
Present trans-corporation is for the transformation of compressor motor standard, competitively developed the high temperature resistant enhancing of the cold-resistant matchmaker PBT(polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) of cost performance excellence) composite is used for the insulating material of motor coil skeleton, and the domestic bibliographical information that the high temperature resistant enhancing of the cold-resistant matchmaker who is specifically designed to compressor of air conditioner motor coil skeleton PBT composite is not yet arranged at present.As domestic patent application CN103013068A discloses the glass fiber reinforced PBT resin composition of the cold-resistant matchmaker's Precipitation Characteristics of a kind of tool, but only limit and be applied on the muffler product of refrigerator, compressor of air conditioner, also do not possess on the motor coil skeleton that is applied in compressor of air conditioner, reason is that this application material can't meet motor coil skeleton required xanthochromia ageing properties under the high-temperature heating condition; Yet conventional enhancing PBT has a large amount of low molecules under heating status or gas molecules is separated out or volatilizees, and is easy to be dissolved in refrigerant (freon, dichlorodifluoromethane), can cause that the refrigerator pipes of compressor is stopped up, cause the compressor cooling effect malfunctioning.
At present only have on the market three imported material to meet the performance requirement of the insulating material of compressor of air conditioner motor coil skeleton, respectively 330LC, the 1101G-30 of toray, the SK605 of Dupont of Polyplastics, home brands are almost blank, serious dependence on import.Application documents as disclosed as Toray Fiber Research Institute (China) Co., Ltd., publication No. CN101768336A, disclose a kind of polyester/phyllosilicate nano-composite material and production method thereof, this application is improved for the melt intercalated method of polyester and phyllosilicate.
Phyllosilicate wherein is exactly the main component of nano imvite, and by two-layer Si-O tetrahedron and the octahedra phyllosilicate crystal formed of one deck Al-O, it is mainly sodium ion that layer contains cation, magnesium ion, and calcium ion, next has potassium ion, lithium ion etc.Nano imvite is by after organically-modified, changing layer inner hydrophilic layer into hydrophobic layer, thereby makes high polymer and imvite that better interface compatibility be arranged.Can be widely used in the additive of macromolecular material industry as the nanometer polymer macromolecular material, improve shock resistance, antifatigue, dimensional stability and gas barrier property etc., thereby play the effect that strengthens polymer comprehensive physical performance, improve the materiel machining performance simultaneously.
The compound of polyester and imvite generally realized by intercalation, intercalation compounding is divided into polymerization graft process and melt intercalated method, the polymerization graft process is first polyester monocase to be disperseed, intercalation enters between the lamella of imvite, then in-situ polymerization, the amount of heat of emitting while utilizing polymerization, overcome the Coulomb force between the silicate lamella, thereby make it compound.The fusion intercalation rule is composite in the response type double screw extruder by polyester and layered silicate material, under the effect of strong shearing force, polymer molecular chain is inserted between montmorillonite layer, thereby obtains the compound of polyester/imvite.
Yet, it is to be noted that nano imvite PBT plastifies and extrudes a large amount of end carboxyl (COOH) of meeting generation through second melting, this end carboxyl (COOH) can allow from solving the H+ ion refrigerant (freon, dichlorodifluoromethane) aobvious acid, can corrode copper refrigerator pipes, and the PBT material in this application do not have cold-resistant matchmaker's performance.
[summary of the invention]
In order to solve above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art and defect, the invention provides a kind of have cold-resistant matchmaker, resistant to elevated temperatures PBT composite and preparation method and application.
For achieving the above object, at first invent the preparation method of the resistant to elevated temperatures PBT composite of a kind of cold-resistant matchmaker, comprise the following steps:
Carrying out fusion intercalation with 2~6 weight portion hydrophobic nano imvites in every 100 weight portion PBT reacts and obtains intermediate;
By mass percentage 59.4%~69.4% intermediate, 0.3% antioxidant, 0.3% the agent of end carboxy blocking and 30%~40% alkali-free glass fibre are mixed, mixture obtains described PBT composite by double screw extruder blend, reaction extruding pelletization, each section reaction temperature is 220~260 ℃, 300~400 rev/mins of screw speeds.
Preferably, can prepare by following steps by the hydrophobic nano imvite:
Add quaternary cationics that 1~10 weight portion contains hydrophobic group carbon number 12~18 in the nano imvite of every 100 weight portion particle diameter 10~100nm after mixing, successively through suction filtration, washing, drying, grind, sieve and de-crystallization water step.The particle diameter of nano imvite is preferably 30~50nm.
Nano imvite has the following advantages after surface modification (hydrophobicity):
1) can adjust the interlamellar spacing size of nano imvite, the size Control of interlamellar spacing is put to death in the diameter of PBT strand.In general, as long as the interlamellar spacing of nano imvite equals or is slightly larger than the diameter of PBT strand, the fusion intercalation reaction just easily occurs between nano imvite and PBT so, (wherein " pearl " is nano imvite to have formed the network structure that a lot of bars are similar to pearl necklace, " necklace " is the PBT strand), nano imvite in network structure has just become the energy absorption point, improved the notched Izod impact strength (toughness) of PBT, the orderly linear array of PBT strand has also become the network arrangement simultaneously, such network is arranged the bending modulus (rigidity) that has also improved PBT, otherwise, if the interlamellar spacing of nano imvite is less than the diameter of PBT strand, just be difficult to occur so the fusion intercalation reaction between nano imvite and PBT, bulk deposition and gel will occur in nano imvite in the PBT melt, can not form the network structure that is similar to pearl necklace, cause toughness and the rigidity of PBT to descend,
2) improve the compatibility between nano imvite and PBT, improved its dispersiveness in the PBT melt;
3) after nano imvite and PBT strand have formed the network structure that is similar to pearl necklace, will reduce the probability of the molecule generation tunnel-effect in the PBT compound system, improved the barrier property of PBT compound system to little molecule or gas molecule, make the application's PBT composite possess the feature that there is low volatility under the state of high-temperature heating, this feature is conducive to reduce the PBT composite and bends down separating out of molecule or gas molecules or volatilize in heating status, reduce these low molecules or gas molecules and be dissolved in refrigerant (freon, dichlorodifluoromethane) in, thereby make the PBT composite there is cold-resistant matchmaker's feature, by contrast, conventional enhancing PBT has a large amount of low molecules under heating status or gas molecules is separated out or volatilizees, and is easy to be dissolved in refrigerant (freon, dichlorodifluoromethane), the refrigerator pipes that can cause compressor is stopped up, and causes the compressor cooling effect malfunctioning.
Described fusion intercalation reaction preferably is comprised of following steps:
1) described PBT resin is dried 4~5 hours in convection oven under 100~120 ℃;
2) the hydrophobic nano imvite of adding 2~6 weight portions in the every 100 weight portion PBT resins after drying is mixed;
3) mixture passes through the granulation of response type parallel dual-screw extruding machine blending extrusion, each of double screw extruder section temperature range: 220~260 ℃, and screw speed: 300~400 rev/mins, finally obtain described intermediate.
The inherent viscosity of described PBT is 0.7~1.3dl/g, and melt index MFI is 9~70g/10min.Further, inherent viscosity is 1.0dl/g, and melt index MFI is 20~23g/10min.
Described antioxidant is phosphite antioxidant.Mainly contain pentaerythrite diphosphite two (2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl) ester, pentaerythrite diphosphite two (3,5-di-tert-butyl-phenyl) ester; be preferably pentaerythrite diphosphite two (3,5-di-tert-butyl-phenyl) ester; 237 ℃ of fusing points; can under 300 ℃ of melt temperatures, protect PBT that the melt viscosity of xanthochromia and stable PBT does not occur, and conventional pentaerythritol esters (phenols) antioxidant, amine antioxidants all do not have the feature that the melt viscosity of xanthochromia and stable PBT does not occur under 300 ℃ of melt temperatures protection PBT.
Described alkali-free glass fibre has conventional winding yarn and direct yarn, length 3mm~flat alkali-free glass fibre of 4.5mm high-modulus (width 11~13 μ m), is preferably the flat alkali-free glass fibre of length 4.5mm high-modulus, width 11 μ m.It is to be noted that alkali-free glass fibre that routine selects is normally formed by circular hole spinneret spray silk by the quartz sand melt, therefore the fiber obtained is circular, rather than flat pattern, in actual injection molding process, can produce strong shearing owing to having changed flow direction during the flat cast gate (mould gate of compressor motor coil rack is designed to flat cast gate by performance requirement) of circular glass fiber by mould, this strong shearing can cause a large amount of circular glass fiber fracture phenomenons, the effective length that causes glass fibre in injecting products obviously improves and (injecting products is pressed to 600 ℃ of temperature calcinations after 3 hours by Muffle furnace lower than the ratio of 0.8mm, the rough Statistics effective length accounts for the glass fibre total amount up to 46% lower than the glass fibre of 0.8mm), therefore the bending modulus (rigidity) of injecting products can obviously descend, strengthen LCP or strengthen the PPS material for substituting owing to thering is the resistant to elevated temperatures enhancing of cold-resistant matchmaker PBT composite, therefore the rigidity that strengthens the PBT composite is very important index.To this application, select the flat alkali-free glass fibre of length 4.5mm high-modulus (width 11 μ m) with regard to this crux of fine solution, the at present domestic technology production length 3mm that only has Taishan glass fiber Ltd to introduce U.S. PPG company~flat alkali-free glass fibre of 4.5mm high-modulus, width 11~13 μ m.
Ethylene-acrylic acid-glycidyl ester copolymer, haplotype carbodiimides that the agent of described end carboxy blocking is epoxy resin, contain epoxy resin group.Be preferably the haplotype carbodiimides; It is to be noted that nano imvite PBT plastifies and extrudes a large amount of end carboxyl (COOH) of meeting generation through second melting, this end carboxyl (COOH) can allow from solving the H+ ion refrigerant (freon, dichlorodifluoromethane) aobvious acid, can corrode copper refrigerator pipes, therefore must be held carboxy blocking to nano imvite PBT.Select the response type end-capping reagent--the haplotype carbodiimides is optimal selection, and the interpolation of haplotype carbodiimides can not affect the overall performance that strengthens the PBT composite.
Described quaternary cationics is octadecyl quaternary ammonium salt or cetyl quaternary ammonium salt, is preferably the octadecyl quaternary ammonium salt.
Can also add silane coupler in described hydrophobic nano imvite.After having added described coupling agent, can make hydrophobic nano imvite and the glass fibre had in the resistant to elevated temperatures enhancing of cold-resistant matchmaker PBT composite that better compatibility is arranged.
The present invention also comprises PBT composite prepared by the above preparation method of a kind of use, and under the ASTM standard test condition, content of carboxyl end group only has 8.7~9.3mmol/g.
This PBT composite can be for making the motor coil skeleton of compressor of air conditioner.
[specific embodiment]
One, the preparation of hydrophobic nano imvite:
1) the nano imvite 4Kg that is 30~50nm by average grain diameter is diluted to uniform slurries by appropriate amount of deionized water, be warming up to 90 ℃, by 0.2Kg octadecyl quaternary ammonium salt, slowly join in slurries, can also suitably add silane coupler as required, stir after 90 minutes and carry out three suction filtrations and washing, dryings, grind and sieve, can obtain the intermediate product of surface-modified nano imvite;
2) intermediate product of surface-modified nano imvite is put into to vacuum and turn pot, be warming up to 105 ℃, vacuum is 0.02MPa, takes out after dry 240 minutes that to carry out vacuum packaging standby, obtained the imvite of surface-treated hydrophobic nano, i.e. described hydrophobic nano imvite.
Two, preparation nano imvite PBT(intermediate)
Under molten condition, PBT(continuous phase) and nano imvite (decentralized photo) two-phase system, the PBT strand just easily is punctured between the lamella of nano imvite, thereby the fusion intercalation reaction occurs, having formed a lot of bars is similar to Ms's ornament-pearl necklace of seeing in our daily life (wherein pearl class is similar to nano imvite, necklace is similar to the PBT strand) network structure, if add the 3rd component in the two-phase system, particularly there is the inorganic constituents of draw ratio (such as glass fibre, talcum powder, wollastonite etc.), just easily to PBT and nano imvite System forming blocking effect, can break the network structure of ring PBT two-phase system, therefore to prepare and there is the resistant to elevated temperatures enhancing of cold-resistant matchmaker PBT composite and must first prepare nano imvite PBT, nano imvite PBT is not yet industrialization at home, being difficult on the market directly buying arrives, (particularly Japanese abroad, Germany, the U.S.) realized suitability for industrialized production in 2010 with regard to the method that adopts monomer polycondensation reaction (in-situ polymerization or intercalation polymeric), but license is sold not yet at home at present, therefore the application adopts the method for fusion intercalation to prepare nano imvite PBT by the response type parallel dual-screw extruding machine.
1) described 20KgPBT resin is dried 4 hours in convection oven under 120 ℃;
2) the PBT resin after 20Kg is dried is emitted after within 7 minutes, mixing by the homogenizer high-speed stirred with the imvite of 0.8Kg hydrophobic nano, and the feeding trough of simultaneously pouring the response type parallel dual-screw extruding machine into is standby;
3) mixture is by the granulation of response type parallel dual-screw extruding machine blending extrusion, and each of double screw extruder section Temperature Setting is 220~260 ℃, screw speed: 300 rev/mins, finally obtain described nano imvite PBT(intermediate), package spare.
Three, the preparation that there is the resistant to elevated temperatures enhancing of cold-resistant matchmaker PBT composite
The proportioning of the percentage by weight of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2 following (in Table one):
Table one
Concrete steps are as follows:
1) described intermediate, PBT resin are dried 4 hours in convection oven under 120 ℃;
2) intermediate after drying, PBT resin, hydrophobic nano imvite, pentaerythrite diphosphite two (3,5-di-tert-butyl-phenyl) ester, haplotype carbodiimides, the flat alkali-free glass fibre of length 4.5mm high-modulus are mixed by the percentage by weight shown in table one, parallel dual-screw extruding machine blending extrusion granulation by conventional, can obtain 5 finished products.5 finished products are dried after 4 hours and are injection molded into the standard testing batten by injection machine in convection oven under 120 ℃;
Each section temperature of the parallel dual-screw extruding machine of described routine is followed successively by: 250 ℃, 245 ℃, 240 ℃, 235 ℃, 230 ℃, 225 ℃, 230 ℃, 235 ℃, 240 ℃, 245 ℃, and screw speed: 300r/min;
Each of described injection machine section temperature is followed successively by 225 ℃, 230 ℃, 235 ℃, 235 ℃.
By the embodiment 1-3 that obtains and comparative example 1-2 batten, according to its mechanical property of ASTM standard testing and content of carboxyl end group, the standard test PBT decided at the higher level but not officially announced according to the air conditioner compressed engineer's workshop of Japan tests with compatibility, the heat-proof aging of refrigerant simultaneously, and test result is in Table two:
Table two
Remarks: the performance test requirement according to the air conditioner compressed engineer's workshop of day system to the motor coil framework material, injection-molded item need to be provided by refrigerant and PBT material compatibility and heat-proof aging test (test result by day factory processed provide), and concrete standard decided at the higher level but not officially announced is as follows:
* the compatibility test of refrigerant and PBT material: refrigerant in autoclave pressurized under liquid situation, goods are immersed in refrigerant to the continuous dipping time: 120 days, the turbidity of observing refrigerant liquid, if liquid generation turbid phenomenon or have granule to separate out, be judged to be defective.
* heat-proof aging test: goods are placed on to 150 ℃ of (relative humidity: 50%) in heat aging test chamber, place continuously 144 hours, observe the Yellowing of goods, if jaundice or serious jaundice occur goods, all judge defective.
From the test result of table two, can draw:
1) embodiment 2~3 meets the material performance requirement of compressor motor coil rack, but the power difference due to compressor motor, size and the wall thickness of coil rack differ greatly, therefore from the toughness of coil rack and the balance of rigidity, consider, embodiment 2 is suitable for making the following compressor motor coil rack of 1.5 power (containing 1.5 power), and embodiment 3 is suitable for making the above compressor motor coil rack of 1.5 power;
2) embodiment 1 is because the whole mechanical property of material can not meet the performance requirement of compressor motor coil rack, therefore day air conditioner compressed engineer's workshop of system does not carry out compatibility test, the test of heat-proof aging test binomial key performance of refrigerant and PBT material to embodiment 1, directly eliminates.
3) from the test result of comparative example 1, can draw, if have in the formula system of the resistant to elevated temperatures enhancing of cold-resistant matchmaker PBT composite and adopt the PBT resin, but not nano imvite PBT, the result of the compatibility test of refrigerant and PBT is judged as defective so, the result of heat-proof aging test is micro-Huang, find that content of carboxyl end group exceeds nearly one times than the content of carboxyl end group of embodiment 1~3 simultaneously, this has just verified that foregoing nano imvite PBT has the low feature of separating out cold-resistant matchmaker, and conventional PBT resin does not have the low feature of separating out cold-resistant matchmaker.
4) from the test result of comparative example 2, can draw, if having in the formula system of the resistant to elevated temperatures enhancing of cold-resistant matchmaker PBT composite adopts the PBT resin directly mixed with nano imvite, but not nano imvite PBT, the result of the compatibility test of refrigerant and PBT is judged as defective so, the result of heat-proof aging test is micro-Huang, content of carboxyl end group exceeds nearly one times than the content of carboxyl end group of embodiment 1~3, whole mechanical property is not as embodiment 2 simultaneously, this has just verified foregoing under molten condition, PBT(continuous phase) and nano imvite (decentralized photo) two-phase system, the PBT strand just easily is punctured between the lamella of nano imvite, thereby the fusion intercalation reaction occurs, formed the network structure that a lot of bars are similar to pearl necklace, if add the 3rd component in the two-phase system, particularly there is the inorganic constituents of draw ratio (such as glass fibre, talcum powder, wollastonite etc.), just easily to PBT and nano imvite System forming blocking effect, can break the network structure of ring PBT two-phase system, cause whole mechanical property on the low side, the low feature of separating out cold-resistant matchmaker simultaneously that also do not possess nano imvite PBT.
In sum, embodiment 2~3rd, meet the material performance requirement of compressor of air conditioner motor coil skeleton, can the replace imported material.
For further checking embodiment 2~3 and import brand (SK605 of the 330LC of Polyplastics, the 1101G-30 of toray, Dupont) have suitable performance, the applicant has done parallel test together with the air conditioner compressed engineer's workshop of day system, and experimental test the results are shown in Table three:
Table three
Attention: with the remarks item of the test event of No. * with table two.
From the test result of the parallel test of table three, can draw, embodiment 2~3 is suitable with the performance of imported material, can substitute Polyplastics 330LC, the toray 1101G-30 that current compressor of air conditioner motor coil skeleton adopts, the material of Dupont SK605 fully.