CN103464988A - Uniform-section blade-type microscale turbine electric spark machining device and process method thereof - Google Patents

Uniform-section blade-type microscale turbine electric spark machining device and process method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103464988A
CN103464988A CN2013103741167A CN201310374116A CN103464988A CN 103464988 A CN103464988 A CN 103464988A CN 2013103741167 A CN2013103741167 A CN 2013103741167A CN 201310374116 A CN201310374116 A CN 201310374116A CN 103464988 A CN103464988 A CN 103464988A
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turbine
blade
electrode
positioning plate
integrated positioning
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CN103464988B (en
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赵建社
陈建宁
郁子欣
周旭娇
李文
林虎
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention discloses a uniform-section blade-type microscale turbine electric spark machining device and a process method thereof, and belongs to the field of microscale turbine processing. The device comprises a clamping rod, an integrated positioning plate, an indexing prism and a standard base. A turbine blade top circular face is processed on a workpiece through numerical-control turning, the workpiece is positioned and clamped on the indexing prism, the workpiece and the indexing prims are enabled to form a rigid body, the indexing prism is mounted on the integrated positioning plate, the integrated positioning plate is mounted on the standard base, and clamped after being positioned by rotating and adjusting by a certain angle, all blades and blade root circular faces are processed symmetrically through electric spark processing. By the uniform-section blade-type microscale turbine electric spark machining device and the process method thereof, the problem of microscale turbine processing is effectively solved, and processing accuracy and stability of a microscale turbine are improved.

Description

A kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus and process thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus and process thereof, it belongs to minute yardstick turbine manufacture field.
Background technology
The minute yardstick turbine will be widely used in all trades and professions such as industry, agricultural, environmental protection, health care, be tiny engine, the critical component in the micro-power plants such as micropump.And the succeeding in developing of this miniature, portable power set, will be not only to the MEMS industry, and produce tremendous influence to take the industry that modern microelectronics, information and biotechnology be pillar.
The minute yardstick turbine is generally the difficult-to-machine material of high rigidity, so can the matter of utmost importance of minute yardstick turbine processing be process, secondly how accurate, stable, processing efficiently turbo blade and other profiles with complex free curved surface is the key issue of minute yardstick turbine processing.
At present, the manufacture method that the minute yardstick turbine is commonly used mainly contains numerical control milling processing, Electrolyzed Processing and spark machined.
Numerical control milling processing can by High-speed Computer number control milling and powerful movement locus control function in conjunction with the accurate profile and the smooth surface that process general blade, and the higher material removing rate of acquisition.But because the blade of minute yardstick turbine is very thin and profile is complicated, the high rigidity of material and the restriction that is subject to the tool sharpening accessibility, make the Milling Process of minute yardstick turbine is become to more difficult, and the making of fine milling cutter is also one of current difficult point, it is very complicated and difficult processing small milling cutter, will be by means of other processing method toward contact.
Electrolyzed Processing is based on the Anodic solution principle and removes material, is not subject to the restriction of metal material hardness and intensity, and process velocity is fast, and tool cathode is lossless.But Electrolyzed Processing is difficult to the stable high accuracy that obtains.For complex-shaped, required precision high minute yardstick turbine again, adopt Electrolyzed Processing, its technique research and development difficulty is larger, and the cycle is longer.
Spark-erosion sinking processing is by spark discharge ablation material, the machinability of material and its mechanical property are irrelevant, be suitable for the difficult processing cutting metal material, add man-hour because electrode does not contact with workpiece, therefore there is no macroscopical cutting force, the clamping force of clamping process can be very little, basically can ignore and clamp distortion, and rigidity minute yardstick part is hanged down in suitable processing; Particularly with the processing of curved-surface structure, can design corresponding shaping or nearly shaped electrode for complicated minute yardstick part, use one group of electrical guiding rule, under the prerequisite that guarantees surface quality and machining accuracy, improve process velocity; The spark-erosion sinking processing technology R&D cycle is shorter, can the fast responding market demand.
Electrical discharge machining process is one of first-selected technique of current minute yardstick turbine processing, but in the process of using this technique, manufacturing and designing of electrode and process unit, the selection of processing process, how effective spark machined parameter etc. is set all needs to carry out further research.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the processing difficult problem of minute yardstick turbine, a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus and process thereof are provided, for solving the low problem large with distortion of minute yardstick turbo blade machining accuracy, realized the high accuracy processing of equal cross section blade profile minute yardstick turbine.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus, comprise supporting rod, the integrated positioning plate, calibration prism and reference base, with screw and nut, described electrode is installed on supporting rod, after adjusting position, clamp, described supporting rod is connected on machine tool chief axis, workpiece is positioned on the calibration prism, with lock-screw locking, make workpiece and calibration prism become a rigid body, described calibration prism location is clamped on the integrated positioning plate, described integrated positioning plate is installed on reference base after angle is adjusted in rotation and locks.
Described integrated positioning plate is the location-plate for machined electrode and workpiece, process regular polygon hole for locating the calibration prism and, for the electrode blank positioning round orifice of keeper electrode blank, a side of described electrode blank positioning round orifice is provided with groove on described integrated positioning plate with the silk thread cutting of being careful.
Described calibration prism is one and positions with regular polygon hole on the integrated positioning plate regular polygon prism coordinated, and the limit number of described regular polygon equals the blade quantity of a turbine, also is provided with the circular hole coordinated with described workpiece location on described calibration prism.
The rotation of described integrated positioning plate is adjusted angle and is referred to by adjustment and make the stretch forming direction of turbine blade to be processed be parallel to the main movement shaft direction of feed, and in process, the movement locus of electrode is the rectilinear motion that is parallel to the main movement shaft direction of feed.
The present invention also adopts following technical scheme: a kind of process of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus, it comprises the steps:
The first step: the blade number of establishing processed turbine is n, prepares cylindric workpiece blank;
Second step: with numerical control turning, process turbine leaf tip circle;
The 3rd step: manufacture and design electrode;
The 4th step: complete the electric spark roughing of first blade with the maximum electrical guiding rule that can allow, rotation (360/n) * A degree after after completing, the rigid body of workpiece and the formation of calibration prism being taken out, A is that n/2 rounds, after being installed, location carries out electric spark roughing, the Working position that after completing, taking-up rotates to second blade carries out electric spark roughing, taking-up rotation (360/n) * A degree after completing, after being installed, location carries out electric spark roughing, so circulation is until complete the electric spark roughing of whole turbine, repetitive cycling, use the electrical guiding rule successively reduced to complete successively semifinishing and the fine finishining of turbine.
Described electrode design comprises the steps: at first to analyze that to obtain turbo blade be that a constant cross-section is along a fixed vector direction stretching gained, design jacking electrode, complete leaf basin and blade back and the regional processing of part blade root circle of a blade simultaneously, described leaf basin, after blade back and the biasing of blade root disc, formation leaf basin is processed nearly forming face, blade back is processed nearly forming face and the nearly forming face of blade root circle processing, and described offset or dish is the spark machined primary clearance.
Described electrode manufacture comprises the following steps: prepare cylindric electrode blank, process the nearly forming face of blade root circle processing at the blank center with numerical control turning, the blank location processed is clamped in the electrode blank positioning round orifice on the integrated positioning plate, integrated positioning plate angle is adjusted in rotation, with slow wire feeding processing leafing basin, processes nearly forming face and blade back is processed nearly forming face and processed the electrode peripheral shape.
The described integrated positioning plate angle that rotation is adjusted when manufacturing electrode is consistent with the adjustment angle of carrying out turbine electrical spark working integrated positioning in man-hour plate
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) design of jacking electrode can complete a blade and blade pelvic surface of sacrum and leaf back and the regional processing of part blade root circle simultaneously, has eliminated the electrode brought because of Different electrodes processing zones of different and has changed and turn error, and improved working (machining) efficiency;
(2) process symmetrically all blades on turbine, machining deformation is cancelled out each other, effectively reduced the whole machining deformation of turbine;
(3) the integrated positioning plate by the process of electrode and workpiece in one, thereby guaranteed the machining accuracy of whole process, the integrated positioning plate rotates to definite angle, carries out the processing of electrode and workpiece, reduced the difficulty that manufactures and designs of electrode, and the movement locus of electrode while having simplified processing work.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The Facad structure schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is a kind of uiform section blade profile of the present invention minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus.
The structural representation that Fig. 2 is the integrated positioning plate.
The side structure schematic diagram that Fig. 3 is a kind of uiform section blade profile of the present invention minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus.
Fig. 4 is electrode obverse and reverse structural representation.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that the integrated positioning plate holder is held electrode blank.
Wherein:
The 1-reference base, 2-integrated positioning plate, 3-calibration prism, the 4-lock-screw, 5-workpiece, 6-supporting rod, the 7-screw, 8-electrode, 9-nut, the 10-groove, 11-regular hexagon hole, 12-electrode blank positioning round orifice, the 13-blade back is processed nearly forming face, 14-leaf basin is processed nearly forming face, and the 15-wheel disc is processed nearly forming face, the 16-electrode blank.
The specific embodiment
Please refer to shown in Fig. 1, a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus, comprise supporting rod 6, integrated positioning plate 2, calibration prism 3 and reference base 1, with screw 7 and nut 9, electrode 8 is installed on supporting rod 6, clamps after adjusting position, then supporting rod 6 is connected on machine tool chief axis; Workpiece 5 is positioned on calibration prism 3, with lock-screw 4 lockings, makes the two become a rigid body, calibration prism 3 location are clamped on integrated positioning plate 2; Finally integrated positioning plate 2 is installed on reference base 1, locks after angle is adjusted in rotation.
Please refer to shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, integrated positioning plate 2, be the location-plate for machined electrode 8 and workpiece 5, by the silk thread cutting processing of being careful, goes out regular hexagon hole 11 for locating calibration prism 3 and for the electrode blank positioning round orifice 12 of keeper electrode blank.Wherein on integrated positioning plate 2 for the electrode blank positioning round orifice 12 of keeper electrode blank, have groove 10 in the one side, avoid wire electrode in machined electrode blank process to be worked into integrated positioning plate 2 simultaneously.
Described calibration prism 3, be one and can position the regular polygon prism coordinated with regular polygon hole on the integrated positioning plate, and the limit number of regular polygon equals the quantity of turbo blade, and process the circular hole (not indicating) coordinated for the workpiece location on prism.
Please refer to shown in Fig. 3, angle is adjusted in 2 rotations of integrated positioning plate, refer to by adjustment and make the stretch forming direction of turbine blade to be processed be parallel to the main movement shaft direction of feed, in process, the movement locus of electrode is the rectilinear motion that is parallel to the main movement shaft direction of feed.
Please refer to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electrical discharge machining process method, it comprises the steps:
The first step: the blade number of establishing processed turbine is n=6 in the cited embodiment of n(the present invention), prepare cylindric workpiece blank;
Second step: with numerical control turning, process turbine leaf tip circle;
The 3rd step: manufacture and design electrode;
The 4th step: complete the electric spark roughing of first blade with the maximum electrical guiding rule that can allow, rotation (360/n) * A degree after after completing, the rigid body of workpiece and the formation of calibration prism being taken out, A is that n/2 rounds, after being installed, location carries out electric spark roughing, the Working position that after completing, taking-up rotates to second blade carries out electric spark roughing, taking-up rotation (360/n) * A degree after completing, after being installed, location carries out electric spark roughing, so circulation is until complete the electric spark roughing of whole turbine, repetitive cycling, use the electrical guiding rule successively reduced to complete successively semifinishing and the fine finishining of turbine.
In aforementioned the 4th step, if during the blade number n=6 of institute's processing turbine, its concrete process is: complete the electric spark roughing of first blade with the maximum electrical guiding rule that can allow, four leaf positions of Rotate 180 degree to the after after completing, the rigid body of workpiece and the formation of calibration prism being taken out, after being installed, location carries out electric spark roughing, electric spark roughing is carried out in the position that after completing, taking-up rotates to second blade, five leaf positions of taking-up Rotate 180 degree to the after completing, after being installed, location carries out electric spark roughing, electric spark roughing is carried out in the position that after completing, taking-up rotates to the 3rd blade, six leaf positions of taking-up Rotate 180 degree to the after completing, after being installed, location carries out electric spark roughing, repetitive cycling, used the electrical guiding rule successively reduced to complete successively the semifinishing of turbine electric spark and fine finishining.
Please refer to shown in Fig. 4, described electrode design comprises the steps: at first to analyze that to obtain turbo blade be that a constant cross-section is along a fixed vector direction stretching gained, design jacking electrode completes leaf basin and blade back and the regional processing of part blade root circle of a blade simultaneously; Wherein the blade back of electrode is processed nearly forming face 13, nearly forming face 14 processed by the leaf basin and the nearly forming face 15 of blade root circle processing refers to by blade back, common formation after leaf basin and the biasing of blade root disc, and offset or dish is the spark machined primary clearance.
Wherein part blade root circle zone, refer to that the blade root circle zone between adjacent two blades is jointly to form while by electrode, processing respectively two adjacent blades, in order to process complete blade root circle zone, is designed with certain overlapping machining area.
Please refer to shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 5, described electrode manufacture comprises the following steps: prepare cylindric electrode blank 16, process blade root circle processing nearly forming face (it is parts wherein that wheel disc is processed nearly forming face 15) at the blank center with numerical control turning, the blank location processed is clamped in the electrode blank positioning round orifice 12 on integrated positioning plate 2, integrated positioning plate 2 angles are adjusted in rotation, with slow wire feeding processing leafing basin, process nearly forming face 14 and blade back is processed nearly forming face 13 and processes the electrode peripheral shape.
Described electrode leaf basin is processed the silk thread cutting processing of being careful that nearly forming face 14 and blade back are processed nearly forming face 13, refer to and first at the non-machining area of electrode, with spark-erosion perforating machine, process aperture, take this aperture completes the processing of the closed circuit of two nearly forming faces as starting point and terminal again, and process is that closed circuit is in order to reduce because Stress Release causes electrode deformation.
Described electrode peripheral shape, the non-forming face of the electrode simultaneously processed while referring to the slow wire feeding machined electrode, be mainly used in the orientation assemble of electrode and supporting rod, and avoid interfering with adjacent blades in the process of processing one blade.
During described machined electrode, integrated positioning plate angle is adjusted in rotation, and carrying out afterwards with it turbine electrical spark working integrated positioning in man-hour plate, to adjust angle consistent.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, can also make some improvement under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, and these improvement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus, comprise supporting rod (6), integrated positioning plate (2), calibration prism (3) and reference base (1), it is characterized in that: with screw (7) and nut (9), described electrode (8) is installed on supporting rod (6), after adjusting position, clamp, described supporting rod (6) is connected on machine tool chief axis, workpiece (5) is positioned on calibration prism (3), with lock-screw (4) locking, make workpiece (5) and calibration prism (3) become a rigid body, described calibration prism (3) location is clamped on integrated positioning plate (2), described integrated positioning plate (2) is installed on after angle is adjusted in the upper rotation of reference base (1) and locks.
2. a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described integrated positioning plate is the location-plate for machined electrode and workpiece, process regular polygon hole for locating the calibration prism and, for the electrode blank positioning round orifice of keeper electrode blank, a side of described electrode blank positioning round orifice is provided with groove on described integrated positioning plate with the silk thread cutting of being careful.
3. a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described calibration prism is one and positions with regular polygon hole on the integrated positioning plate regular polygon prism coordinated, the limit number of described regular polygon equals the blade quantity of a turbine, also is provided with the circular hole coordinated with described workpiece location on described calibration prism.
4. a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the rotation of described integrated positioning plate is adjusted angle and is referred to by adjustment and make the stretch forming direction of turbine blade to be processed be parallel to the main movement shaft direction of feed, and in process, the movement locus of electrode is the rectilinear motion that is parallel to the main movement shaft direction of feed.
5. the process of a uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The first step: the blade number of establishing processed turbine is n, prepares cylindric workpiece blank;
Second step: with numerical control turning, process turbine leaf tip circle;
The 3rd step: manufacture and design electrode;
The 4th step: complete the electric spark roughing of first blade with the maximum electrical guiding rule that can allow, rotation (360/n) * A degree after after completing, the rigid body of workpiece and the formation of calibration prism being taken out, A is that n/2 rounds, after being installed, location carries out electric spark roughing, the Working position that after completing, taking-up rotates to second blade carries out electric spark roughing, taking-up rotation (360/n) * A degree after completing, after being installed, location carries out electric spark roughing, so circulation is until complete the electric spark roughing of whole turbine, repetitive cycling, use the electrical guiding rule successively reduced to complete successively semifinishing and the fine finishining of turbine.
6. the process of a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described electrode design comprises the steps: at first to analyze that to obtain turbo blade be that a constant cross-section is along a fixed vector direction stretching gained, design jacking electrode, complete leaf basin and blade back and the regional processing of part blade root circle of a blade simultaneously, described leaf basin, form the leaf basin after blade back and the biasing of blade root disc and process nearly forming face, blade back is processed nearly forming face and the nearly forming face of blade root circle processing, described offset or dish is the spark machined primary clearance.
7. the process of a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus as described as claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that: described electrode manufacture comprises the following steps: prepare cylindric electrode blank, process the nearly forming face of blade root circle processing at the blank center with numerical control turning, the blank location processed is clamped in the circular hole on the integrated positioning plate, integrated positioning plate angle is adjusted in rotation, with slow wire feeding processing leafing basin, processes nearly forming face and blade back is processed nearly forming face and processed the electrode peripheral shape.
8. the process of a kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the described integrated positioning plate angle that rotation is adjusted when manufacturing electrode is consistent with the adjustment angle of carrying out turbine electrical spark working integrated positioning in man-hour plate.
CN201310374116.7A 2013-08-26 2013-08-26 A kind of uiform section blade profile minute yardstick turbine electric discharge machining apparatus and process thereof Expired - Fee Related CN103464988B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109290752A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-02-01 中国航发南方工业有限公司 The processing method of blade profile hole grouping gauge for measuring
CN110153517A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-08-23 南京航浦机械科技有限公司 Special-shaped channel swirler numerical control expansion machining method of fine-pitch and its electrode special clamping device

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CN109290752A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-02-01 中国航发南方工业有限公司 The processing method of blade profile hole grouping gauge for measuring
CN110153517A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-08-23 南京航浦机械科技有限公司 Special-shaped channel swirler numerical control expansion machining method of fine-pitch and its electrode special clamping device
CN110153517B (en) * 2019-04-23 2024-04-26 南京航浦机械科技有限公司 Numerical control generating processing method of special-shaped channel vortex device and special electrode clamping device thereof

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