The processing technology of many frameworks panel combination formula parallel-axes gears box body
Technical field
The present invention relates to many frameworks panel combination formula parallel-shaft gearbox, especially relate to the processing technology of many frameworks panel combination formula parallel-axes gears box body.
Background technology
Gear-box is a kind of power transmission, realizes the functions such as speed change (increase, slow down), displacement, commutation between prime mover and working machine, generally gear, axle, bearing and the casing and other annexes etc. that support it, consists of.The assembly technology of general gear-box is: after the Assembly of the parts such as gear, axle and bearing, refill in the bearing saddle bore that fits over casing.Casing has monoblock type and combined type, and the common combined type of casing: the casing had is cut open by vertical stack combinations of several parts such as upper, middle and lower from the bearing saddle bore center line; Some housing bearing seats hole is complete, by framework and the combination of integral panels lateral stacking; Some casings are two kinds of comprehensive combinations of stack in length and breadth.Which kind of combined type no matter, the conventional machining process of combined box is generally first the connecting bolt hole on each sub-assembly of casing to be processed, then by bolt, each sub-assembly is coupled together, bore again the dowel hole between each sub-assembly of strand, alignment pin is installed and is made each sub-assembly be fixed into an integral body, last whole machining box.The processing technology of whole machining box is generally first processed datum clamp face, then the boring bearing saddle bore, finally processes anchor (bolt) hole.For guaranteeing axiality and the depth of parallelism requirement of dead eye, process all bearing saddle bores in clamped one time as far as possible.
The casing of many frameworks panel combination formula parallel-shaft gearbox is formed by connecting by bolt, alignment pin by a plurality of frameworks and a plurality of integral panels, assembling the multipair gear be meshed in casing, the center line of every pair of phase gear is parallel, a plurality of bearing saddle bores are arranged on casing, the inside is equipped with bearing, for meshed transmission gear provides supporting.Many frameworks panel combination formula parallel-axes gears box body has multi-level characteristics, that is: panel---framework---panel forms a framework panel group, and a framework panel group connects next framework panel group, and a plurality of framework panel groups couple together final formation casing.Because meshed transmission gear is transmitted between framework panel group, the close relation between framework panel group, the gear engagement situation in arbitrary framework panel group directly affects the gear engagement in other framework panel group, so the requirement on machining accuracy of casing is very high.Because the bearing saddle bore on casing is straggly, be distributed in framework panel group, bearing saddle bore has plenty of that through hole has plenty of blind hole and aperture is inconsistent.More the total span of multiaxis bearing hole is larger for framework panel group, therefore processing according to conventional machining process the deficiency that this class casing exists is: 1, need multiple clamping just can complete the processing of bearing saddle bore, waste time and energy and precision is difficult to guarantee, especially high to the Single unit job lot production processing cost; 2, high to specification and the required precision of process equipment, general medium and small processing enterprise does not possess large-scale high-precision numerical control machining center, and cooperation processing has increased transportation and processing cost has also extended the process-cycle; 3, the length of general boring cutter bar and rigidity can't guarantee machining accuracy, need the custom-made knife bar, and this has also increased production cost and has extended the process-cycle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of processing technology of many frameworks panel combination formula parallel-axes gears box body.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical proposals:
The processing technology of many frameworks panel combination formula parallel-axes gears box body of the present invention, comprise the steps:
The first step, according to design drawing the separately processing separately of the panel of described casing, frame assembly; Panel and framework add separately and all first mill the last auger shell keyhole of boring bearing saddle bore and dowel hole after panel man-hour; First be drilled to the pre-assembled dowel hole during dowel hole on panel machining, described pre-assembled is less than the layout design size with the dowel hole diameter, treats in the 3rd step to join strand and bores strand to the layout design size in the 4th step;
A, for the anchor (bolt) hole of framework and erecting of panel benchmark bottom surface and positioning spline or dowel hole, wouldn't process, treat to reprocess in the 4th step; Bottom surface has the framework of anchor (bolt) hole to add man-hour, wouldn't process bolt hole, dowel hole for connecting panel on the framework faying face, the bolt hole of only on the faying face of described framework, getting two apart from each others is processed into the pre-assembled bolt hole, described pre-assembled is less than the layout design size with diameter of bolt hole, bores strand to the layout design size after the 3rd step completes again;
B, the framework do not contacted with datum clamp face for bottom surface add man-hour, first process the bolt hole on described framework one side faying face, and its dowel hole first is drilled to the pre-assembled dowel hole, and also only processes the pre-assembled bolt hole on another faying face of framework;
Second step, according to the housing bearing seat hole, manufacture bearing pin.The mean value that the gap that bearing pin matches with it on the dead eye diameter is this dead eye form and position tolerance; The total length of bearing pin equals the long span between dead eye that same center line upper pin can pass through simultaneously; The quantity of bearing pin is to guarantee, in each framework panel group, three bearing pins are arranged, for the least possible cost-saving close characteristics of many frameworks panel intergroup relation of taking into account again of bearing pin of doing, consider the impact on final assembly precision simultaneously, the selected bearing pin manufactured links together a plurality of framework panel groups as far as possible simultaneously, and the distribution distance of the dead eye position of selected cooperation is as far as possible far away; The specification requirement of bearing pin is: bearing pin rigidity will be got well, and the face coordinated with bearing saddle bore wants smooth and spindle nose that the guiding gradient will be arranged;
The 3rd step, the bearing pin that manufactures with second step according to design drawing replace geared rotor system by each framework with together with panel assembly is pre-assembled in, then join and bore the connecting bolt hole on its faying face and join and bore strand pre-assembled dowel hole.For convenience of vertically bearing pin being installed smoothly, panel and framework will be sidelong, and its reference for installation bottom surface is perpendicular to the ground.In the time of preassembled by the stack in layer of framework panel group: assembled a framework panel group, just according to design drawing, join and bore the bolt hole on its faying face and join and bore strand pre-assembled dowel hole, load onto connecting bolt and pre-assembled with after alignment pin again pre-assembled bolt hole counterboring to the layout design size; And then assemble adjacent next framework panel group until last all framework panels assembling is made into an integral body, whole casing pre-assembled has just completed.The concrete pre-assembled technique of single framework panel group is: according to design drawing, require first by frock, panel and framework supporting steadily to be stacked together, by bearing pin, vertically be assemblied in smoothly in corresponding bearing saddle bore, the position relationship of framework and panel is adjusted to Design Requirement Drawing, the centering datum level of being correlated with, then through the pre-assembled bolt hole processed in the first step, that framework and panel is tightly fixing with the pre-assembled bolt.Join and bore the connecting bolt hole on its faying face and join and bore the strand pre-assembled with on dowel hole at drilling machine, load onto connecting bolt and pre-assembled with after alignment pin again pre-assembled bolt hole counterboring to the layout design size, the pre-assembled of this framework panel group has just completed;
The 4th step, according to design drawing, finally assemble, and then complete the final processing of whole casing.The gear-box that prepackage in the 3rd step is prepared is disassembled, and takes out the bearing pin matched with bearing saddle bore, gear, the Assembly of the parts such as axle and bearing is in casing, with bolt, framework and panel are linked together, the position relationship of framework and panel is adjusted to Design Requirement Drawing, the centering datum level of being correlated with, guarantee that the gear engagement is normal, then tight a bolt and join the dowel hole that bores between strand framework and panel to the layout design size, final assembling is the same with preassembled process, assembling that will be in layer, adjustment in layer, a framework panel assembling has been joined and has just been joined the relevant dowel hole of brill strand, carry out again the equipment adjustment of lower one deck after installing alignment pin, until finally assembled.After final the assembling again by whole gear-box turn-over, the reference for installation bottom surface upward, the positioning spline on machining box installation base surface bottom surface or dowel hole and anchor (bolt) hole.So far processing and the assembling of many frameworks panel combination formula parallel-shaft gearbox completes.
The invention has the advantages that the simple clamped one time of single framework and panel construction just can complete, process time saving and energy saving and can guarantee machining accuracy, the single and mini-batch production processing cost is low; The little specification to process equipment of single framework and panel size and cutter are less demanding, and general medium and small processing enterprise has middle-size and small-size numerical control machining center or digital-control boring-milling machine just can be processed with the Common boring cutter bar; The pre-assembled of gear-box has not only further completed the processing of relevant counterpart, an or process that whole body structure and size are tested, final assembling further revises, the perfect processing of casing, guaranteed the design accuracy of whole gear-box, avoided the appearance of processing waste product, save production cost, guaranteed the production cycle.This method is more outstanding for panel and the more complicated casing processing advantage of the more structures of frame assembly.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the formula of framework panel combination more than the parallel-shaft gearbox body structure schematic diagram according to the inventive method processing and fabricating.
Fig. 1 .1 is the left view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the first panel in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the second panel in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the 3rd panel in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the first framework in Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the second framework in Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is the first pin shaft structure schematic diagram manufactured.
Fig. 8 is the second pin shaft structure schematic diagram manufactured.
Fig. 9 is the 3rd pin shaft structure schematic diagram manufactured.
Figure 10 is the 4th pin shaft structure schematic diagram manufactured.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is existing to be further described with the gear case body manufacture craft consisted of two frameworks and three panels:
As shown in Fig. 1-6, Fig. 1 .1, the casing of described gear-box by the first panel 3, the second panel 4 and the 3rd panel 5 by alignment pin and bolt with together with the first framework 1, the second framework 2 are mounted with.Be specially: the first panel 3, the second panel 4 are mounted with on the two sides relative at the first framework 1, and Fig. 2,3,5 forms a framework panel group; One side of the second framework 2 is mounted with by bolt and the second panel 4, and the second framework 2 another sides are mounted with by bolt and alignment pin and the 3rd panel 5, and Fig. 3,4,6 forms another framework panel groups; Offer respectively a plurality of bearing saddle bores on the plate face of the first panel 3, the second panel 4, the 3rd panel 5; Offer positioning spline on the bottom surface of base 10, the first panel 3, the second panel 4 and the 3rd panel 5 of the first framework 1; On the base 10 of the first framework 1 and the bottom surface of the 3rd panel 5, anchor (bolt) hole is arranged.
The first step, according to design drawing, respectively bearing saddle bore and bolt hole on the first panel 3, the second panel 4, the 3rd panel 5 are processed, and dowel hole first is drilled to the pre-assembled that is less than design size dowel hole; Process the first framework 1 and the second framework 2 according to design drawing.Wherein on the first framework 1 both sides faying face, for positioning spline and anchor (bolt) hole on the bolt hole, dowel hole and the bottom surface that connect panel, wouldn't process, in the diagonal positions of both sides faying face, respectively process 2 pre-assembled bolts hole; For the connecting bolt hole on the second framework 2 both sides faying faces, bolt hole on the second framework 2 faying faces that only processing and the second panel 4 match, and dowel hole also first is drilled to the pre-assembled that is less than design size dowel hole, on another faying face, at 2 pre-assembled bolts hole of diagonal positions processing, other bolts hole wouldn't be processed.
(1), the plate face of processing the first panel 3, the second panel 4, the 3rd panel 5 on milling machine.The front of panel is placed on workbench, the finish-milling datum level, turn-over, by datum level lie on workbench clamp after processing front face, left plate face and bottom surface, this process can guarantee the front face of panel and its datum level flatness, two plane parallel degree and and the perpendicularity of bottom surface; Can guarantee the left plate face of panel and the perpendicularity of bottom surface.It is datum level that each panel is chosen with the faying face of framework, and wherein two of the second panel 4 plate faces match with the side of the first framework 1 and the second framework 2 respectively, and getting the face matched with the first framework 1 is datum level;
(2), with milling machine, process 2 of the first framework 1, the second frameworks.The first framework 1: first reference for installation bottom surface finish-milling is arrived to design size, then the reference for installation bottom surface is placed on milling machine table and clamps, the side that processing framework and panel match.This process can guarantee the depth of parallelism of the flatness of frame facet and bottom surface and the perpendicularity between them and two sides; The second framework 2: finish-milling and the second panel 4 faying faces are datum level, then mill the face matched with the 3rd panel 5, guarantee the parallel of two sides;
(3), bearing saddle bore and connecting bolt hole and the pre-assembled dowel hole of processing the first panel 3, the second panel 4, the 3rd panel 5 on the vertical numerical control machining center.By the datum level of panel towards platen, the left plate face of adjusting panel is parallel with X, the Y-axis of machine tool horizontal face respectively with bottom surface, the levelling benchmark face also clamps, and machining shaft bearing hole and connecting bolt hole, first be drilled to dowel hole on panel the pre-assembled dowel hole that is less than design size;
(4), process the first framework 1 side faying face pre-assembled bolt hole with drilling machine, 2 bolts hole of each side diagonal positions processing; Bore the whole bolts hole and the pre-assembled dowel hole that connect the second panel 4 on the second framework 2 faying faces, bore 2 of bolts hole of diagonal positions pre-assembled on second framework 2 another faying faces.
Second step, as shown in Fig. 1,7-10, manufacture four bearing pins 6,7,8,9 according to being positioned at the bearing saddle bore diameter of having processed on the panel of the relative both sides of box frame, the mean value that the gap that described every bearing pin matches with it on the bearing saddle bore diameter is this bearing saddle bore form and position tolerance, reach 6 grades of cylindricities, surface roughness Ra 0.8 with the bearing saddle bore bearing pin axle journal grinding that matches, spindle nose is swung to the gradient, and bearing pin is through qualitative processing good rigidity;
The 3rd step, the bearing pin that manufactures with second step according to design drawing replace geared rotor system by framework with together with panel assembly is pre-assembled in, join and bore the connecting bolt hole on its faying face and join and bore strand pre-assembled dowel hole.First by frock the first panel 3 supporting steadily, its datum level, then is adjacent to the first framework 1 side the datum level of the first panel 3 upward, and supporting is steady; By in the vertical smooth and easy bearing saddle bore that is assemblied in the first panel 3 correspondences of bearing pin 6,7,8, then the datum level of the second panel 4 is kept flat down, make its corresponding bearing saddle bore aim at bearing pin 6,7,8 simultaneously, and with together with bearing pin 6,7,8 assembles smoothly; The second panel 4 is adjacent to the side that matches of the first framework 1, adjusts and to make the first panel 3 and second panel 4 left sides and the reference for installation bottom surface is concordant and also concordant with the reference for installation bottom surface of framework 1, install pre-assembled with bolt and tighten.Finally according to design drawing, join the bolt hole bored on the first framework 1, join and bore strand pre-assembled dowel hole.Install the pre-assembled alignment pin, by the corresponding side surface of the second framework 2 be adjacent to the second panel 4 above, and with bolt, the second framework 2 is fixed on the second panel 4, bearing pin 9 vertically is assembled in the bearing saddle bore of the second panel 4 correspondences smoothly, the 3rd panel 5 datum levels are kept flat down, make bearing saddle bore corresponding on its face aim at bearing pin 7 simultaneously, 8, 9, and with bearing pin 7, 8, 9 assemblings smoothly together, the 3rd panel 5 is adjacent to the corresponding side surface of the second framework 2, adjust the 3rd panel 5 and the second framework 2, make the reference for installation bottom surface of the 3rd panel 5 concordant with the reference for installation bottom surface of the second panel 4 and the first framework 1 with the first panel 3, install pre-assembled with bolt and tighten.Finally according to design drawing, join the bolt hole bored on the second framework 2, join the pre-assembled dowel hole that bores strand the second framework 2 two sides.Install bolt and pre-assembled alignment pin, pre-assembled completes.Finally also to be processed into the layout design size to all pre-assembled with bolt hole.
The 4th step, according to design drawing, finally assemble, and then complete the final processing of whole casing.The casing that the 3rd step prepackage is prepared is disassembled, and takes out the bearing pin matched with bearing saddle bore, first by frock the first panel 3 supportings steadily, datum level upward, again the first framework 1 side is adjacent to the datum level of the first panel 3, supporting steadily, according to design drawing by Assembly of the parts such as corresponding gear shaft and bearings on the first panel 3, again the second panel 4 datum levels are assembled together with each axle system down, the bottom surface of adjusting the second panel 4 is concordant with the bottom surface of the first framework 1 with the first panel 3, guarantee that the gear engagement is normal, by the first panel 3, the second panel 4 and the first framework 1 are bolted together, then by the first panel 3, pre-assembled on the second panel 4 and the first framework 1 faying face is twisted the layout design size with the alignment pin hole drill.Alignment pin is installed.The second framework 2 and the second panel 4 are assembled together, the just corresponding gear according to design drawing, the Assembly of the parts such as axle and bearing is on the second panel 4, again the 3rd panel 5 datum levels are assembled together with each corresponding axle system down, adjust the 3rd panel 5 and the second framework 2, make reference for installation bottom surface and first panel 3 of the 3rd panel 5, the reference for installation bottom surface of the first framework 1 and the second panel 2 is concordant, guarantee that the gear engagement is normal, the 3rd panel 5 and the second framework 2 are bolted together, then by the second panel 4, pre-assembled on the 3rd panel 5 and the second framework 2 faying faces is twisted the layout design size with the alignment pin hole drill.Alignment pin is installed.Finally, by whole gear-box turn-over, the reference for installation bottom surface, processes the positioning spline of the first panel 3, the second panel 4, the first framework 1 and the 3rd panel 5 bottom surfaces upward, and the anchor (bolt) hole of the first framework 1 base 10 and the 3rd panel 5 bottom surfaces.So far casing processing and assembling complete.