CN103457433B - Electric automobile directly drives wheel hub motor and electric automobile thereof - Google Patents
Electric automobile directly drives wheel hub motor and electric automobile thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103457433B CN103457433B CN201310360010.1A CN201310360010A CN103457433B CN 103457433 B CN103457433 B CN 103457433B CN 201310360010 A CN201310360010 A CN 201310360010A CN 103457433 B CN103457433 B CN 103457433B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Abstract
A kind of electric automobile directly drives wheel hub motor, and described wheel hub motor adopts reluctance machine, and described reluctance machine is outer-rotor structure, and described reluctance machine is five phase structures, in five phase structures, and ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.4 ~ 1.6, wherein, θ
bfor step angle, described step angle θ
b=360/mN
r, number of phases m=5, N
rfor rotor with salient pole number; Pw is the pulse duration be often conducted, and the pulse duration Pw be often conducted is that rotor recesses is apart from α
rhalf, rotor recesses is apart from α
rfor rotor polar distance τ
rdeduct rotor with salient pole apart from β
r, τ
r=360o/N
r.And provide the electric automobile that a kind of described electric automobile directly drives wheel hub motor realization.The invention provides a kind of effective reduction torque pulsation, promote the electric automobile of operating efficiency and directly drive wheel hub motor and electric automobile thereof.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of driving motor for electric automobile and electric automobile thereof.
Background technology
Switching magnetic-resistance SR motor has that starting torque is large and starting current is little; Short-time overload capacity is strong; Speed-regulating range width; Dynamic response is fast; Electrification feedback is easily facilitated to brake; Electric machine structure simple rigid; The plurality of advantages such as reliability is high.Apply by increasing electric machine speed regulation field, but the greatest drawback of SR motor to be torque pulsation large, to be also just difficult to thus accept by more application scenarios.Especially along with following electric automobile is popularized, needed for the drive motors that has a large capacity and a wide range must choose with high performance-price ratio.Though the plurality of advantages of above-mentioned SR motor is extremely applicable in the requirement of changeable road conditions to running car, motor torque ripple greatly also can be kept outside of the door.
The theoretical analysis and practice confirm that the best of electric automobile has been described all, final type of drive should be directly drive wheel hub motor, but also propose higher unique requirements to electric machine speed regulation performance etc. thus.And the above-mentioned many advantages of SR motor is also suitable for the unique requirements directly driving wheel hub motor just, but also must manage to reduce its torque pulsation.As shown in Figure 2 for applying the most general SR three phase electric machine conventional structure parameter designing, the time dependent oscillogram of gained torque after machine finite element simulation as calculated by current.By to the estimation of derivation emulation the data obtained, its average of torque can be obtained and be about 94Nm, and torque peak 197 exceeds 109% than mean value; Torque valley 19 subaverage 80%.By compared with being widely used in the pm brushless in-wheel motor of electric bicycle, by the estimation of emulation the data obtained, its torque pulsation rate exceedes about more than twice.Motor oscillating caused by so high torque pulsation and noise, certainly will run automobile balance and riding comfort brings impact.
For reducing SR motor torque ripple, industry research personage also successively proposes many methods, discloses with research paper or patent documentation.But actual effect Ex post all fail torque ripple reduction greatly; Or though torque pulsation is slightly improved, also reduce electric efficiency to a certain extent.Because SR motor can have multiple phase structure by the number of phases, and stator and rotor salient pole number has multiple matched form, again by changing the various design parameter such as pole embrace, winding, number can be extended out in nothing kind of SR motor, but select which kind of SR electric machine structure and its design parameter actually, can obtain better performance, be that industry is expected.
Summary of the invention
Driving the deficiency that rotation pulsation is comparatively large, operating efficiency is lower of SR motor in order to overcome prior art electric automobile, the invention provides a kind of effective reduction torque pulsation, promote the electric automobile of operating efficiency and directly drive wheel hub motor and electric automobile thereof.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of electric automobile directly drives wheel hub motor, and described wheel hub motor adopts reluctance machine, and described reluctance machine is outer-rotor structure, and described reluctance machine is five phase structures, in five phase structures, and ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.4 ~ 1.6, wherein, θ
bfor step angle, described step angle θ
b=360/mN
r, number of phases m=5, N
rfor rotor with salient pole number; Pw is the pulse duration be often conducted, and the pulse duration Pw be often conducted is that rotor recesses is apart from α
rhalf, rotor recesses is apart from α
rfor rotor polar distance τ
rdeduct rotor with salient pole apart from β
r, τ
r=360o/N
r.
Further, ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.50 ~ 1.55.
Further, described rotor with salient pole number N
rbe 16, described salient stator number of poles N
sbe 20.
A kind of electric automobile, comprises automobile straight and drives wheel hub motor, and described wheel hub motor adopts reluctance machine, and described reluctance machine is outer-rotor structure, and described reluctance machine is five phase structures, in five phase structures, and ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.4 ~ 1.6, wherein, θ
bfor step angle, described step angle θ
b=360/mN
r, number of phases m=5, N
rfor rotor with salient pole number; Pw is the pulse duration be often conducted, and the pulse duration Pw be often conducted is that rotor recesses is apart from α
rhalf, rotor recesses is apart from α
rfor rotor polar distance τ
rdeduct rotor with salient pole apart from β
r, τ
r=360o/N
r.
Technical conceive of the present invention: the present inventor is by continuing, systematically further investigate comprehensively for many years, by means of computer, the finite element analysis of motor magnetic circuit is emulated, by changing the various parameter of structure design of SR motor, through ten hundreds of Comparative Simulations, to find out the various design parameter change of motor by easy stages to a series of useful rules such as the effect tendency of its correlated performance, comprise the SR electric machine structure parameter that can obtain minimum torque pulsation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: effectively reduce torque pulsation, promote operating efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that electric automobile directly drives wheel hub motor.
Fig. 2 is by the most general SR three phase electric machine design of Structural Parameters post-simulation gained torque profile figure of application at present.
Fig. 3 is SR five-phase induction motor structural parameters by the SR external rotor electric machine that designs after Optimal improvements through emulation gained torque profile figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, a kind of electric automobile directly drives wheel hub motor, and described wheel hub motor adopts reluctance machine, and described reluctance machine is outer-rotor structure, and described reluctance machine is five phase structures, in five phase structures, and ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.4 ~ 1.6, wherein, θ
bfor step angle, described step angle θ
b=360/mN
r, number of phases m=5, N
rfor rotor with salient pole number; Pw is the pulse duration be often conducted, and the pulse duration Pw be often conducted is that rotor recesses is apart from α
rhalf, rotor recesses is apart from α
rfor rotor polar distance τ
rdeduct rotor with salient pole apart from β
r, τ
r=360o/N
r.
Further, ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.50 ~ 1.55.
Further, described rotor with salient pole number N
rbe 16, described salient stator number of poles N
sbe 20.
In the present invention, the analysis of reluctance torque operation principle is produced according to SR motor, require motor with phase winding on Adjacent salient poles around to must be contrary each other, even if N, S pole that the polarity of the magnetic field produced after energising is different each other, the Adjacent salient poles magnetic circuit of same phase winding just can be made end to end.For the three-phase SR motor that application is at present the most general, due to adjacent phase current almost zero lap degree, its mutual inductance impact therefore during many document analysises, often can be ignored.But along with SR number of motor phases increases, the angle of flow of each phase winding and the ratio of step angle also increase, even if the current superimposition degree of adjacent phase increases, make the mutual inductance influencing factor of adjacent phase be strengthened thus, must draw attention thereupon.SR motor winding for Odd Phases just in time can adopt NSNSNS ... mode connects, even if no matter all Adjacent salient poles of SR motor are that the polarity of the magnetic field that self-induction or mutual inductance produce is contrary all each other, adjacent identical time conducting time magnetic field strengthen each other, form end to end short magnetic circuit, and the impact of adjacent phase is all consistent.And no matter adopt which kind of mode to connect for the SR motor winding of even number phase, total exist certain adjacent phase at the same time conducting time magnetic field for mutually to weaken.At this for four phase SR motors, winding connects according to a kind of NNNNSSSS mode, and when its adjacent DA is conducted, magnetic field is strengthened each other, forms short magnetic circuit; And AB, BC, CD for mutually to weaken, form long magnetic circuit and alternately occur in magnetic field when being conducted.So make the impact of adjacent phase inconsistent, also easily cause corresponding torque pulsation.Show that Odd Phases SR motor cost performance should be better than even number phase SR motor thus.
According to above-mentioned conclusion, for improving torque pulsation, premised on Zeng Yiwu phase, seven phases, nine equal odd number phase SR external rotor electric machines, adopt multiple motor construction parameter to carry out emulation to compare, find employing five phase structure by further investigation, it is minimum that design suitable parameters can make the torque pulsation of SR motor be in.As shown in Figure 3 for SR five-phase induction motor structural parameters by the SR external rotor electric machine that designs after Optimal improvements through emulation gained torque profile figure.By estimating derivation emulation the data obtained, can obtain its average of torque is 128Nm; And torque peak 137 is only higher by 7% than mean value; Valley 115 is only lower by 10% than mean value.I.e. torque pulsation rate is far below the aforementioned pm brushless in-wheel motor being widely used in electric bicycle.Fundamentally solving the maximum drawback that industry is known as SR motor is that torque pulsation is large.What so namely can be made into electric automobile the best, finally type of drive directly drives wheel hub motor, is applicable to the advantage of automobile at changeable road conditions unique requirements to give full play to SR motor.
Find the conducting overlap angle by the adjacent phase of Reasonable adjustment SR motor through simulation analysis research, can greatly improve its torque pulsation.Because the adjacent overlap angle that is conducted depends on the pulse duration Pw and its step angle θ be often conducted
bratio, more after further study find if by ratio Pw/ θ
bbe adjusted to about 1.52, torque pulsation can be made close to minimum.By comprehensive more all kinds of SR electric machine structure and its possibility design parameter, find that wherein five phase SR motors are the easiest in ratio Pw/ θ
bbe adjusted to about 1.52.Namely, time by five phase SR motor construction, taking into account its efficiency etc. again, by suitably regulating the pole embrace of stator and rotor salient pole, and the suitable pulse duration Pw etc. that is often conducted being set in control strategy, by ratio Pw/ θ
bbeing adjusted to 1.4 ~ 1.6 can make SR motor torque ripple and efficiency be tending towards optimum state.
Also find that the angle of flow of each phase winding and the ratio of its step angle increase, even if the current superimposition degree of adjacent phase also increases along with SR number of motor phases increases by research.So when system appearance is as faults such as certain phase open circuit, switching tube burn, motor still can phase-deficient operation, improves the fault tolerance of system; Also make to bear maximum current peak needed for each switching tube to decrease simultaneously.Because SR current of electric only requires that one direction controls, often increase by a phase and namely need increase by two switching tubes, though switching tube increases to some extent needed for five phase SR motor drivers, because adjacent phase current degree of overlapping increases, the maximum current peak born needed for all switching tubes is also made to reduce.Again because electric automobile battery feed used voltage is also not bery high, switching tube used like this can be considered to adopt metal-oxide-semiconductor to carry out alternative IGBT, namely this be conducive to reducing pipe crushing consumption and structural volume, also driver cost can be made not increase, along with the propelling of mass, standardization and process optimization, the cost performance making SR directly drive wheel hub motor greatly improves, and reaches universalness requirement.
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of wheel hub motor, and wherein, motor have employed five phase 20/16 pole SR external rotor electric machines; Five phase 20/16 pole SR motors represent number of phases m=5, salient stator number of poles N
s=20, rotor with salient pole number N
r=16;
SR motor step elongation θ
bwith number of phases m, rotor with salient pole number N
rrelational expression be θ
b=360o/mN
r.Five phase 20/16 pole motor step elongation θ
b=360/mN
r=360/5/16=4.5 °.
The pulse duration Pw be often conducted is set to rotor recesses usually apart from α
rhalf, rotor recesses is apart from α
rnamely rotor polar distance τ
r(=360o/N
r) deduct rotor with salient pole apart from β
r.The pole embrace of rotor is rotor with salient pole apart from β
r/ rotor polar distance τ
r.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, a kind of electric automobile, comprises automobile straight and drives wheel hub motor, and described wheel hub motor adopts reluctance machine, and described reluctance machine is outer-rotor structure, and described reluctance machine is five phase structures, in five phase structures, and ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.4 ~ 1.6, wherein, θ
bfor step angle, described step angle θ
b=360/mN
r, number of phases m=5, N
rfor rotor with salient pole number; Pw is the pulse duration be often conducted, and the pulse duration Pw be often conducted is that rotor recesses is apart from α
rhalf, rotor recesses is apart from α
rfor rotor polar distance τ
rdeduct rotor with salient pole apart from β
r, τ
r=360o/N
r.
In the present embodiment, other building blocks of electric automobile all adopt ordinary skill in the art means, and the structure of reluctance machine is all identical with embodiment 1 with design principle.
Claims (6)
1. electric automobile directly drives a wheel hub motor, and described wheel hub motor adopts reluctance machine, and described reluctance machine is outer-rotor structure, it is characterized in that: described reluctance machine is five phase structures, in five phase structures, and ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.4 ~ 1.6, wherein, θ
bfor step angle, described step angle θ
b=360/mN
r, number of phases m=5, N
rfor rotor with salient pole number; Pw is the pulse duration be often conducted, and the pulse duration Pw be often conducted is that rotor recesses is apart from α
rhalf, rotor recesses is apart from α
rfor rotor polar distance τ
rdeduct rotor with salient pole apart from β
r, τ
r=360o/N
r.
2. electric automobile as claimed in claim 1 directly drives wheel hub motor, it is characterized in that: ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.50 ~ 1.55.
3. electric automobile as claimed in claim 1 or 2 directly drives wheel hub motor, it is characterized in that: described rotor with salient pole number N
rbe 16, salient stator number of poles N
sbe 20.
4. an electric automobile, comprises automobile straight and drives wheel hub motor, and described wheel hub motor adopts reluctance machine, and described reluctance machine is outer-rotor structure, it is characterized in that: described reluctance machine is five phase structures, in five phase structures, and ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.4 ~ 1.6, wherein, θ
bfor step angle, described step angle θ
b=360/mN
r, number of phases m=5, N
rfor rotor with salient pole number; Pw is the pulse duration be often conducted, and the pulse duration Pw be often conducted is that rotor recesses is apart from α
rhalf, rotor recesses is apart from α
rfor rotor polar distance τ
rdeduct rotor with salient pole apart from β
r, τ
r=360o/N
r.
5. electric automobile as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: ratio Pw/ θ
bscope be 1.50 ~ 1.55.
6. the electric automobile as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that: described rotor with salient pole number N
rbe 16, salient stator number of poles N
sbe 20.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310360010.1A CN103457433B (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2013-08-19 | Electric automobile directly drives wheel hub motor and electric automobile thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310360010.1A CN103457433B (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2013-08-19 | Electric automobile directly drives wheel hub motor and electric automobile thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103457433A CN103457433A (en) | 2013-12-18 |
| CN103457433B true CN103457433B (en) | 2015-11-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107404261B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-07-28 | 杭州小爻科技有限责任公司 | Characteristic point position angle detection method for optimizing control strategy of switched reluctance motor |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0649577A1 (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1995-04-26 | Danfoss As | Fault-tolerant reluctance motor. |
| EP2028747A1 (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2009-02-25 | Young-Chun Jeung | Two-phase DC brushless motor |
| CN102184809A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-09-14 | 戴珊珊 | Electric excitation permanent magnet switch, reluctance motor for electric excitation permanent magnet switch and electric excitation method |
-
2013
- 2013-08-19 CN CN201310360010.1A patent/CN103457433B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0649577A1 (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1995-04-26 | Danfoss As | Fault-tolerant reluctance motor. |
| EP2028747A1 (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2009-02-25 | Young-Chun Jeung | Two-phase DC brushless motor |
| CN102184809A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-09-14 | 戴珊珊 | Electric excitation permanent magnet switch, reluctance motor for electric excitation permanent magnet switch and electric excitation method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 开关磁阻调速电动机的运行控制;张焕春等;《航空学报》;19890225(第02期);89-92 * |
| 爪极式永磁步进电动机静转矩的计算(1);夏云;《微电机》;19981225(第06期);47-49 * |
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Address after: 310052 No. 415 Xing Xing Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Binjiang District Patentee after: ZOTYE NEW ENERGY AUTOMOBILE CO., LTD. Address before: 310052 No. 415 Xing Xing Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Binjiang District Patentee before: Zhejiang Zhongtai New Energy Automobile Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Jin Zheyong Inventor after: Dong Weijiang Inventor after: Hong Yan Inventor before: Wang Guiming Inventor before: Dong Weijiang Inventor before: Zhang Hua Inventor before: Zhang Xiao |
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