CN103457187A - Energy consumption reducing and power saving measures for rural power network distribution transformers - Google Patents
Energy consumption reducing and power saving measures for rural power network distribution transformers Download PDFInfo
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- CN103457187A CN103457187A CN 201210175102 CN201210175102A CN103457187A CN 103457187 A CN103457187 A CN 103457187A CN 201210175102 CN201210175102 CN 201210175102 CN 201210175102 A CN201210175102 A CN 201210175102A CN 103457187 A CN103457187 A CN 103457187A
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Abstract
Disclosed are energy consumption reducing and power saving measures for rural power network distribution transformers. The energy consumption reducing and power saving measures for rural power network distribution transformers are technical measures provided according to actual conditions, include insisting on applying energy-saving distribution transformers, eliminating high-energy-consumption distribution transformers, selecting capacity and installation position of the distribution transformers reasonably, regulating power supply modes of the distribution transformers and reducing running loss of the distribution transformers, and have the effect of reducing energy consumption of the rural power network distribution transformers to an ideal extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field transformer, especially the energy consumption loss-reducing and electricity-saving measure of rural power grids distribution transformer.
Background technology
At present, some rural power grids is that six the seventies progressively grow up for solving pastoral area, rural area illumination household electricity, agricultural byproducts processing and farmland discharging-irrigating electricity consumption.Certain province has 6kV and above high-tension line 1.2 ten thousand kms, 6 410,000 kVA of 110kV electric substation, 57 22.5 ten thousand kVA of 35kV electric substation, 7500 of 6-10kV distribution transformers, total capacity 650,000 kVA at present.Nineteen ninety-five county and following total electricity consumption 17.8 hundred million kWh repeatedly, wherein 80% is industrial electric weight.
Rural power grids are because construction criteria is low, and the transformation ability, cause ageing equipment, and energy loss is serious, and main manifestations is:
1, the high energy consumption distribution transforming still has more than 5000 platforms, accounts for more than 60% of the total number of units of distribution transforming, and its central and east Agricultural County reaches more than 70%;
2, capacity of distribution transform and power consumption equipment great majority do not mate, and " low load with strong power " phenomenon is serious, and empty (gently) carrying line time is long, average poor year rate less than 10%;
3, distribution transforming is at load center, the roundabout power supply of circuit, and the three-phase load imbalance, cause power supply quality poor in addition, and comprehensive line loss is high.
As everyone knows, the rural power grids line loss is comprised of fixed loss and variable loss two parts, and wherein fixed loss is mainly the iron loss of distribution transforming, and variable loss mainly consists of line loss and distribution transforming copper loss.
Analysis according to the relevent statistics, rural power grids are because high energy consumption distribution transforming proportion is high at present, and the distribution transforming dress is shown in that capacity is large, cause distribution loss to account for 80% of distribution total losses, and iron loss accounts for more than 80% of distribution loss, rural power grids distribution transforming year loss of electricity is up to more than 200,000,000 kWh, and energy waste is very surprising.
Above-mentioned situation shows, distribution transforming is the key link of rural power grids energy consumption, is the main direction that reduces the rural power grids line loss.We must be placed on the energy consumption that reduces distribution transforming the first place of loss reduction of rural power grid, pay much attention to the various power-saving techniques of distribution transforming, take various effective measures, and the energy consumption of distribution transforming is dropped to desired level.
Summary of the invention
For the own loss distribution transforming and running wastage significantly lower, the invention provides the energy consumption loss-reducing and electricity-saving measure of rural power grids distribution transformer, make the energy loss of rural power grids distribution transforming be reduced to desired level.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: in conjunction with actual conditions, from following five aspects, propose corresponding technical measure, opinions and suggestions.
One, adhere to applicating energy-saving type distribution transformer
Promoting the use of energy-saving distribution transforming, is the important measures that reduce distribution loss, is the developing direction of rural power grids economize on electricity.
By S7, the SL7 of Machinery Ministry Uniting, development with S9 series is low damages distribution transforming, have reasonable in design, advanced technology, the material essence, loss is low, operating cost is few, the advantages such as long service life.Wherein the no-load loss of S7 and the distribution transforming of SL7 series reduces by 60% than JB500-64 standards, than JB1300-73 standards, reduces by 40%, and load loss also reduces by 14% than JB1300-73 standard; And the loss of S9 series is lower, average every kilovolt-ampere than SL7 series year economize on electricity 9kWh.Apply the low power savings become of damaging very remarkable.For this reason, former Ministry of Water Resources and Power Industry regulation: the distribution transforming of every new clothes should preferentially adopt low the damage to become, and for technical performance, does not meet the low change standard of damaging, and resources area must not be purchased, the inaccurate dress of power supply department use, and use department can not put into operation; The distribution transforming of every loss exceedance of levels JB500-64 standards, no longer arrange overhaul multiplexing from now on.
Adhere to applying the low allergic effect that damages from following three aspects: the one, for Adding User or the increase-volume user, should carry out national energy policy in real earnest, adhere to using low damage of high-quality to become, the high energy consumption that simultaneously will firmly stop to have eliminated becomes joyous hanging net operation again; The 2nd, for damaging high energy consumption to be repaired, become, should preferentially adopt newly to purchase low the damage and become the scheme that replaces former distribution transforming, as while truly having practical difficulty, must be changed a social system by the low change standard of damaging, do not allow to transform as again high energy consumption and become; The 3rd, for the serial high energy consumption of the JB500-64 of hanging net operation, become, should be planned being eliminated in steps, progressively be replaced by low the damage and become.
Two, eliminate high loss distribution transformer
Eliminating the mode of high energy consumption distribution transforming, is at first to be replaced by low the damage to become, and is secondly to transform energy-conservation change as.According to this province actual conditions, in principle to be updated to the master, the careful selection modification scheme.Be mainly manifested in: to high energy consumption, distribution transforming is updated; To high energy consumption, distribution transforming undergoes technological transformation.
Three, choose reasonable distribution transformer capacity and installation site
The major reason that rural power grids distribution transforming no-load loss is high is that capacity is generally bigger than normal.To this, should be from aspects such as capital construction and operational managements, choose reasonable and adjustment capacity of distribution transform, and definite best position, this is a key content of loss reduction of rural power grid economize on electricity.Be mainly manifested in: the selection of distribution transformer optimum capacity; The selection of distribution transformer best position.
Four, adjust the distribution transformer supply power mode
Along with the variation of load, constantly adjust the supply power mode of distribution transforming throughout the year, make distribution transforming often in more rational running status, significant to the electric energy loss that reduces distribution transforming.Main " mother and sons' change " mode that adopts is powered; The power supply of capacitance-adjustable distribution transformer; The power supply of low capacity single phase distribution transformation.
Five, reduce the distribution transformer running wastage
When carrying out reduction distribution transforming own loss, also should adopt an effective measure, improve the operation level of distribution transforming, reduce its running wastage, this is the important channel of overall reduction distribution loss.Major measure is: carry out the unloaded excision work of distribution transformer; Timing clock is installed, the examination load factor; Regularly adjust the distribution transformer load; Suitably reduce the distribution transformer working voltage.
The whole province's rural power grids have the public high energy consumption distribution transforming of more than 5000 platform now, counties and townships and village community do approximately nearly ten thousand of the high energy consumption distribution transformings of enterprise-specific in addition, if take to update or adopt the distinct methods transformation, make self iron loss all be down to the low change level of damaging, forty-two million kWh as calculated can economize on electricity every year; The whole province's rural power grids distribution transforming, the measure such as zero load is autotomyed if can adopt, load factor rewards and punishments and capacitance-adjustable operation, 2,300 ten thousand kWh can economize on electricity every year.
Embodiment
1, to the high consumption, distribution transforming is updated
The basic principle that distribution transforming is updated to high energy consumption is:
For surpassing or approach the serial high energy consumption distribution transforming of JB500-64 of depreciable life, its transformation is worth little, no longer arranges in principle overhaul, should be scrapped by stages and in groups according to status of equipment, progressively is updated to low the damage and becomes.To high energy consumption distribution transforming reducing energy consumption, should become the master with the serial high energy consumption of JB1300-73 from now on.
Inferior for performance, the distribution transforming of shoddy non-standard distribution transforming of inferior brand and loss exceedance of levels JB500-64 standards, should all scrap, and is updated to low the damage and becomes.
2, to high energy consumption, distribution transforming undergoes technological transformation
Basic principle
To high energy consumption, distribution transforming undergoes technological transformation, and is mainly according to electromagnetic theory, by changing coil turn or cross section and improving the silicon steel sheet quality and reduce its no-load loss and load loss, makes it to reach or approach the low change level of damaging.
Reduction has two kinds from the method for energy consumption distribution transforming no-load loss (being iron loss), and the one, increase coil turn.The fundamental formular of calculating according to the distribution transforming magnetic flux
Can find out, at distribution transforming first and second side rated voltage (U
l, U
2) and frequency (f) and the certain situation of iron core effective area (S) under, suitably increase the high-voltage coil and low-voltage coil number of turn (W
l, W
2), reduce the magnitude of voltage of every circle, can make magnetic flux density (T) descend, thereby no-load loss is reduced; The 2nd, change core material.Due to SJ, SJ
1, SJ
2, SJ
3the iron core of series high energy consumption distribution transforming, adopt the high hot rolled silicon steel sheet of electric energy loss, and manufacturing process is coarse more, and iron core is second-rate.If utilize novel high-quality cold-reduced silicon sheet, and take the new iron core of full mitered without punching new technology processing, replace former heat and prick silicon sheet core, it falls, and to damage effect very remarkable.
The main method that reduces high energy consumption distribution transforming load loss (being copper loss) is suitably to increase conductor cross-section, in the situation that do not affect impedance voltage or insulation and heat radiation, the radial size that should as far as possible dwindle high-voltage coil and low-voltage coil, in order to reduce the effective length of wire.
Basic demand
After high energy consumption distribution transforming transformation. its iron loss and copper loss should reach or approach the low change standard of damaging of SL7; After high energy consumption distribution transforming transformation, its useful life should be more than 15 years; Under the prerequisite of ensuring the quality of products, should utilize as far as possible former distribution transforming parts during transformation, to reduce transformation of the way cost.
Modification scheme
The scheme of high energy consumption distribution transforming transformation is more, has been summed up and has subtracted three kinds of capacity, guarantor's capacity and capacitance-adjustables.
A. subtract the capacity modification scheme
The Basic practice of this scheme is only to transform high-voltage coil and low-voltage coil, still utilizes former iron core, shell and parts.By rewinding coil and increase the number of turn and reduce magnetic flux density, reduce no-load loss.This scheme is because adopting common process, and generally transformer repair plant can bear.Improvement expenses is less, and capital pay-off is shorter.But capacity reduces 25～30%.
B. protect the capacity modification scheme
The transformation of guarantor's capacity adopts more method to have with the easy aluminium of copper, change four kinds, iron core, removable parts iron core and coil, replacing core body at present.
With the easy aluminium method of copper.Replace former aluminum coil with copper coil, iron core, shell rubbish parts are constant.To the distribution transforming of SJL series.Because iron core column is longer, after the transformation of the way, can protect appearance; To the distribution transforming of SL3 series, approximately to fall and hold below 5%, basic guarantor held.The improvement expenses of this method, for low 50～55% of the lattice that appraise at the current rate that damage of capacity, adopts common process, and quality easily guarantees.
Change the iron core method.Be to utilize the high-quality cold-reduced silicon sheet, adopt 45
othe complete tiltedly iron core of processes, substitute former hot rolled silicon steel sheet iron core, and coil, shell and parts are constant.Its restructuring cost is about low 50% of the lattice that appraise at the current rate that damage of same capacity.This method to the fabrication of iron core technological requirement from.
Removable parts iron core and coil method.Its Basic practice is to adopt the high-quality cold-reduced silicon sheet to change old iron core column, and the number of poles increase 2-3 utmost point, and just cross section increases by 2.5～4%, and old column, for the iron yoke, is increased to iron yoke width, reduces iron yoke magnetic close.High-voltage coil and low-voltage coil is recoiled, and suitably increases the number of turn and conductor cross-section.Restructuring cost is 65～75% of the lattice that appraise at the current rate with the low damage of capacity.Higher to reforming technology and assembly technical requirement.
Change the core body method.This method is that iron core and coil are newly made by the low change standard weight that damages, and only utilizes former shell and part parts.It is covert same with low damage that after changing a social system, it falls the damage effect.Improvement expenses is for low 80% left and right of damaging the lattice that appraise at the current rate of capacity, strict to renovation technique and appointed condition.
C. capacitance-adjustable modification scheme
The Basic practice of capacitance-adjustable transformation is that iron core is motionless, and rewinding coil increases the number of turn, the conversion tie lines.Higher for iron core column, (as SJ2 and SJ3 series) high energy consumption that window is larger becomes, practicable capacity transfer transformation.
The capacitance-adjustable modification scheme mainly contains series and parallel connection method and Y-delta connection method.
Connection in series-parallel coil capacitance-adjustable method.Be that high-voltage coil and low-voltage coil respectively is divided into to two sections, every section keeps the former number of turn, but conductor cross-section reduces by half, and capacitance switch is installed, and realizes running of pumps in series parallel connection.When in parallel, keep former capacity; During series connection, because the number of turn doubles, cross section reduces by half, and capacity also reduces by half.When as calculated, iron core is in parallel during series connection 1/4th.
Y-delta connection capacitance-adjustable method.Be that high-tension coil is motionless, low-voltage coil forms by three sections.When high-tension coil is connected into △ shape, low pressure each mutually three sections coils two and a string after, three-phase is connected into Y
0shape, capacity of distribution transform remains unchanged.When high-tension coil is connected into Y shape, after three sections coils series connection of each phase of low pressure, three-phase is connected into Y
0shape, capacity of distribution transform reduces by half.This method is than series and parallel connection method strong adaptability, applied range.
The capacity transfer improvement expenses is the low 60-70% become that damages of same model, and generally transformer repair plant can realize.
D. improving distribution transformer program analysis and selection
Subtract the capacity modification scheme, small investment, instant effect, strong adaptability, easy to implement, by various places, extensively adopted.
In the capacity of guarantor modification scheme, simple and practical with the easy aluminium method of copper, easily implement, but part is economized on electricity, index does not reach requirement, change the iron core method and can not reduce load loss, and strict to assembly technology; One minister changes core body method and removable parts iron core and coil method, the power savings ideal, but improvement expenses is high, and technological requirement is high, unsuitable large-scale popularization.
The capacitance-adjustable modification scheme, technique is simple, easy to implement, once improvement cost is bigger than normal, operating cost is higher, power savings is undesirable.When large capacity shelves operation, still for highly energy-consuming becomes, only at the low capacity shelves, when particularly the load condition below 25% is moved, significant power savings is just arranged after transformation.The obvious particular locality of seasonal variety is only applicable to load.
In sum, though each scheme cuts both ways, the high distribution transforming to the customer charge rate, should adopt guarantor's capacity scheme, and the low distribution transforming for load factor should be considered to adopt to subtract capacity or capacitance-adjustable scheme.
It is good that high energy consumption distribution transforming transformation is adopted to which kind of scheme, should look the load variations rule, distribution transforming load factor, existing equipment situation, transformation funds is how many, hires family economic condition and reforming technology, the transformation ability, energy-saving efficiency, the concrete conditions such as pay off period carry out after demonstration, determining comprehensively.
3, the selection of distribution transformer optimum capacity
While determining the distribution transforming optimum capacity, must consider payload, load nature of electricity consumed, capital expenditure, the many factors such as electric energy loss and load development.For the distribution transforming for mixing power load, it is principle (can increase by 5～10% nargin) that the distribution transforming rated capacity of generally should take meets actual required peak load; For the distribution transforming for seaonal load, can select the distribution transforming rated capacity by about 2 times of average load.
The concrete grammar that capacity of distribution transform is selected has the optimum load Y-factor method Y. comprehensive cost analytic approach, comprehensive cost mathematical expectation method and optimum efficiency method etc.In practicality, can select two or more methods calculate and carry out determining after the Technological Economy generalized analysis.
4, the selection of distribution transformer best position
While selecting the distribution transforming best position, should be with fund of capital investment, the depreciation maintenance expense, it is optimization aim that energy loss takes sum minimum.During selection, should make the distribution transforming position approach as far as possible load center.Concrete grammar can adopt geometrograph, simulation model method and Nonlinear Programming Method.Though these methods respectively have characteristics.But finally all need to check the circuit voltage drop value, with allowed band up to specification.
5, adopt " mother and sons' change " mode to power
For in 1 year except the short-term high load capacity. the long-time distribution transforming in the underrun state should adopt small one and large one " mother and sons' change " mode to power.The minimum principle according to loss, in different electricity consumption period, the distribution transforming that drops into different capabilities, reach the purpose of loss-reducing and electricity-saving.
6, adopt the power supply of capacitance-adjustable distribution transformer
Carry out the capacity transfer quantitative change of capacity switching according to payload, at the our province counties, use for many years operational excellence.Its seasonal variety that is applicable to load is obvious, and the ratio of peak and low ebb load 4/1 and more than, general distribution transforming load factor, lower than in 0.25 situation, can be received larger power savings.
7, adopt the low capacity single phase distribution to become the power supply of gangster's device
The single-phase distribution transforming of low capacity not only power savings is good, also can save a large amount of construction funds, is well suited for outlying mountain area's power supply.Promoted the use of in recent years more than 50 platforms, the situation reaction is good.
The village community of unpowered electricity consumption during for slack season, can set up the single-phase distribution transforming of low capacity, specializes in electric consumption on lighting.
In the village community of pure electric consumption on lighting, according to densely covered point, the principle of short radius, optimize rural power network framework, adopts the loose power supply of several the single-phase variations of low capacity, and suitably extend the l0kV circuit, makes distribution transforming be placed in as far as possible load center.
For electric consumption on lighting, be main, power only has the outlying mountain village of a small amount of agricultural byproducts processing, can adopt two small-sized single-phases to become with the V-type junction style, for three-phase minitype motivation and single-phase electric consumption on lighting.
8, carry out the unloaded excision work of distribution transformer
The Distribution Transformer in Rural Area no-load running time is long, is one of major reason of waste of energy, therefore, carries out distribution transforming no-load running excision work, is the important measures that reduce running losses.
For the special-purpose distribution transforming for pure seaonal loads such as irrigation and drainage; During not electricity consumption, should be out of service in time.
Less demanding for power supply continuity, and longer distribution transforming day idle time is (as done or the pure illumination of special use change and rural area of individual one class of system doing and double shift enterprise in rural area
Become), can install the zero load switch of autotomying additional, when distribution transforming, during in no-load running, the switch of autotomying just excises distribution transforming automatically.
The zero load switch of autotomying has guillotine type, composite type and the post formula that oils.Former structure is simple, easy to operate, is generally used for l00kVA and following distribution transforming; The post formula of oiling should be for l00kVA and above distribution transforming.
9, timing clock is installed, the examination load factor
Load factor is just an important symbol of distribution transforming economic operation level.Our province Distribution Transformer in Rural Area load factor is generally lower, meets the tendency and carries out the comprehensive regulation by technology, economic dispatch means, progressively improves.For this reason, should timing clock be installed in the distribution low-voltage side, automatically to add up distribution transforming running time, for the computational load rate provides reliable basis.Utilize formula
Calculate the distribution transforming load factor.When distribution transforming rated capacity (Se) and power factor (cos ψ) necessarily anti-, see electric weight (A) and actual run time (T) according to actual copying, calculate actual loading rate (p), and just carry out rewards and punishments by the actual loading rate, thereby impel the user to reduce sky (gently) carrying line time, change " low load with strong power " phenomenon, reduce the distribution transforming running wastage.
10, regularly adjust the distribution transformer load
The serious energy imbalance of threephase load, often appear in continuous variation or increase-volume along with rural subscribers' load, if mismanagement must cause distribution transforming for a long time in the serious unbalanced operation state of threephase load.This has not only directly affected the supply power voltage quality, also makes the distribution transforming running wastage increase, and even blows zero line or burn out distribution transforming to cause larger loss.For this reason, must regularly adjust the distribution transforming three-phase load, make every effort to keep balance.
11, suitably reduce the distribution transformer working voltage
For the small-sized distribution transforming of a large amount of hanging net operations in rural area, take the inverse regulation voltage mode to fall to damage effect remarkable.So-called inverse regulation voltage mode is exactly at peak hours, distribution transforming voltage is suitably heightened, and, when low ebb is loaded, again distribution transforming voltage is suitably turned down.
No-load current (I due to small-sized distribution transforming.) value is larger, when distribution transforming, when empty (gently) carries (iron loss accounts for more than 50% of total losses) operation, suitably reduces distribution transforming voltage, can make the distribution transforming total current descend, the iron loss minimizing.Therefore, under the prerequisite that guarantees quality of voltage, can be according to the load variations rule, adjust the shunting switch of rural power grids transforming plant main transformer 10kV voltage or distribution transforming, so that when low ebb is loaded, the Allocation transformer pressure-controlled, in threshold level, is reached to the purpose that reduces the distribution transforming running wastage.
Claims (6)
1. the energy consumption loss-reducing and electricity-saving measure of a rural power grids distribution transformer, is characterized in that, proposes corresponding technical measure in conjunction with actual conditions to be: adhere to applicating energy-saving type distribution transformer; Eliminate high loss distribution transformer; Choose reasonable distribution transformer capacity and installation site; Adjust the distribution transformer supply power mode; Reduce the distribution transformer running wastage.
2. the energy consumption loss-reducing and electricity-saving measure of rural power grids distribution transformer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that describedly adhering to that applicating energy-saving type distribution transformer should be from following three aspects: the one, for Adding User or the increase-volume user, should carry out national energy policy in real earnest, adhere to using low damage of high-quality to become, the high energy consumption that simultaneously will firmly stop to have eliminated becomes joyous hanging net operation again; The 2nd, for damaging high energy consumption to be repaired, become, should preferentially adopt newly to purchase low the damage and become the scheme that replaces former distribution transforming, as while truly having practical difficulty, must be changed a social system by the low change standard of damaging, do not allow to transform as again high energy consumption and become; The 3rd, for the serial high energy consumption of the JB500-64 of hanging net operation, become, should be planned being eliminated in steps, progressively be replaced by low the damage and become.
3. the energy consumption loss-reducing and electricity-saving measure of rural power grids distribution transformer according to claim 1, is characterized in that the mode of described superseded high loss distribution transformer, is at first to be replaced by low the damage to become, and be secondly to transform energy-conservation change as; According to this province actual conditions, in principle to be updated to the master, the careful selection modification scheme; Be mainly manifested in: to high energy consumption, distribution transforming is updated; To high energy consumption, distribution transforming undergoes technological transformation.
4. the energy consumption loss-reducing and electricity-saving measure of rural power grids distribution transformer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described choose reasonable distribution transformer capacity and installation site, should be from aspects such as capital construction and operational managements, choose reasonable and adjustment capacity of distribution transform, and definite best position, this is a key content of loss reduction of rural power grid economize on electricity; Be mainly manifested in: the selection of distribution transformer optimum capacity; The selection of distribution transformer best position.
5. the energy consumption loss-reducing and electricity-saving measure of rural power grids distribution transformer according to claim 1, is characterized in that described adjustment distribution transformer supply power mode, and main " mother and sons' change " mode that adopts is powered; The power supply of capacitance-adjustable distribution transformer; The power supply of low capacity single phase distribution transformation.
6. the energy consumption loss-reducing and electricity-saving measure of rural power grids distribution transformer according to claim 1, is characterized in that described reduction distribution transformer running wastage, and major measure is: carry out the unloaded excision work of distribution transformer; Timing clock is installed, the examination load factor; Regularly adjust the distribution transformer load; Suitably reduce the distribution transformer working voltage.
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| CN 201210175102 CN103457187A (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2012-05-31 | Energy consumption reducing and power saving measures for rural power network distribution transformers |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110765564A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-07 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Distribution transformer position correction method and device based on load moment |
-
2012
- 2012-05-31 CN CN 201210175102 patent/CN103457187A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110765564A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-07 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Distribution transformer position correction method and device based on load moment |
| CN110765564B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2023-11-17 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Load moment-based configuration position correction method and device |
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Application publication date: 20131218 |