CN1034564C - Energy-saving and auxiliary driving monitoring and controlling device for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an energy-saving and auxiliary driving monitor device for electric vehicles, which is composed of a main control unit, a display interface unit, a motor interface control unit, a vehicle interface control unit, etc., wherein the main control unit is connected with other units through an I/O interface, and obtains information and sends out control commands through the I/O interface to control executive components and display units of the system. The monitor of the present invention can be used for receiving operating conditions of drivers and running conditions of vehicles through a sensor, a battery use condition is obtained by a residual electricity meter, and finally, the control commands which are preferably processed are sent to an actuating mechanism of a vehicle to realize reasonable operation with high efficiency; thus, the electric vehicles can be driven to farther distance.

Description

Energy-conservation and the auxiliary driving monitoring and controlling device of elec. vehicle

The present invention relates to the energy-conservation and auxiliary driving monitoring and controlling device of a kind of elec. vehicle, belong to elec. vehicle automatic control technology field.

At present, multiple later-model electronlmobil has appearred in the development of electronlmobil and using international and domesticly rise again, but consideration is used for electronlmobil Energy Saving Control and driver assistance to computing machine seldom.And on general-utility car, the use of computing machine is commonplace, mainly is to be used for realizing performance-oriented automatic guidance, as igniting, oil jetting combustion, the not locking of anti-sideslip, safety guard-safeguard and conditioning unit or the like.Using microprocessor on elec. vehicle, also is very necessary, and it has extraordinary prospect, can make automotive performance better, safer, drives conveniently, and it is more easy to safeguard.

General elec. vehicle provides electric energy by storage battery, provides propulsive effort by interchange or DC machine and motor modulator, is equipped with other electronic system again, as compositions such as electricity meter, indicating instruments.And the running state of elec. vehicle is how, whether realize energy-conservation, efficient, then fully by the operation decision of chaufeur.Irrational driving or maloperation, not only dangerous, and can consume vehicle-mounted limited valuable electric energy too much.Computed high speed processing ability and controllable function flexibly, the running state of monitoring battery, motor, car body, the operational factor of Adjustment System, make each system high efficiency operation, realize Optimum Matching between the system, can realize travelled distance energy-conservation and the raising vehicle, simultaneous computer can show the various status informations of battery in the vehicle ', motor, car body with multiple mode, provide a good steered reference to chaufeur, can alleviate the burden of chaufeur effectively, improve the driving level.

The objective of the invention is to design the energy-conservation and auxiliary driving monitoring and controlling device of a kind of elec. vehicle, with Energy Saving Control and the driver assistance of real active computer to elec. vehicle.By voltage, electric current, the electric weight of monitor battery pack, make it operate in the best effort district, restriction maximum discharge current, the degree of utilization of raising battery, the service life of prolongation battery.By the processing that pedal signal is changed, realize energy conservation starting, by analysis and calculating, finish best speed ratio and select vehicle running state, make the motor long-time running at high efficient area; By external energy recovering circuit, reclaim the energy of glancing impact to greatest extent, the mechanical energy of glancing impact is converted into electric energy, re-enter battery, generally speaking, the 20-35% of glancing impact energy can be reclaimed; By supervision and the analysis to driving process, the signal indication and the state that provide in the vehicle ' process show that more rational operating process is provided, and the source of trouble in the time of can pointing out to make a mistake has simultaneously made things convenient for driver's the driving and the maintenance of vehicle.Energy-conservation is one of the technology of elec. vehicle most critical, and its purpose is exactly the finite energy that maximally utilises battery pack, realizes efficient and rational operation by monitoring, thereby makes the elec. vehicle farther distance of travelling.

Energy-conservation and the auxiliary driving monitoring and controlling device of design-calculated elec. vehicle of the present invention, be made up of main control unit, automobile interface control unit, electric machine control interface unit and display system, main control unit is connected with display system with automobile interface control unit, electric machine control interface unit by the I/O interface control unit.Main control unit wherein comprises:

(1) the master control chip (U19) that moves in order to the control monitor;

(2) in order to stored program 32K program store (U16);

(3) in order to store the 32K data memory (U17) of data;

(4) in order to receive and to send the I/O mouth data bus driver/energy disperser (U13) of data;

(5) be used for the address decoding controller (G2) of the control signal of the chip selection signal of generating routine memory device and data storage and I/O mouth;

Display system wherein comprises and is used for the high brightness LED and the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) of display automobile condition indicative signal in service;

Motor interface control unit wherein comprises:

(1) electric machine control is had manually and the change-over switch (S1) of automatic switching function;

(2) carry out the resistance capacity filter (R50-57 and C43-C50) of capacitance-resistance filter in order to the signal that motor is sent;

(3) in order to the alternative data selector (U4) of the various signals of switching controls motor;

(4) export the actuator (U6) of electric machine controller after driving in order to signal that will be by change-over switch and reset motor impulse singla to;

(5) display driver (U27) of display unit will be sent to after the shows signal amplification relevant with motor status;

Automobile interface control unit wherein comprises:

(1) status signal from automobile is carried out switch input debounce parts R-S binary pair (U2 and U3) that debounce is handled;

(2) photoelectric isolating device (TLP1) that car body power-supply system and computer power supply system are isolated;

I/O interface control unit wherein comprises:

(1) latch (U20-U23) that provides 32 road digital quantities to export;

(2) energy disperser (U24 and U25) that provides 16 road digital quantities to import;

(3) in order to the programmable logic device (PLD) G3 of the control pin that produces I/O chip;

(4) be used for controlling the moment of accelerating of motor and the D/A converter of lock torque, form by programmable gate array (G1), 12 D/A conversion chips (U17 and U12) and two-level operating amplifier (U8-U10).

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the system chart of design-calculated monitor of the present invention when being used for elec. vehicle.

Fig. 2 is the system chart of monitor.

Fig. 3 is the schematic circuit diagram of the main control unit of monitor.

Fig. 4 is the schematic circuit diagram of the motor interface control unit of monitor.

Fig. 5 is automobile interface control unit schematic circuit diagram.

Fig. 6 is I/O interface control unit schematic circuit diagram.

Fig. 7 is a D/A change-over circuit schematic diagram in the I/O interface control unit.

Fig. 8 is a main program flow block diagram of supporting the monitor operation.

Fig. 9 is a speed of a motor vehicle calculation process block diagram.

Figure 10 is wrong indication FB(flow block).

Figure 11 is the serial communication process flow block diagram.

Fig. 1 is the system chart of design-calculated monitor of the present invention when being used for elec. vehicle.Monitor obtains the condition of service of battery pack by the operation and the automobile operating state of sensor reception chaufeur by the dump energy meter, and will send to actuating unit---the motor on the automobile, the speed of a motor vehicle of Control of Automobile through the control command of optimization process.

This monitor is made up of software and hardware two parts, below first coupling system block diagram and circuit diagram, introduce the control that hardware is formed and can be realized.

The hardware of monitor is formed system chart as shown in Figure 2.

Hardware controls mainly comprises following part: main control unit (ROM, RAM etc.), display interface unit (dot matrix or seven sections Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)s and high brightness LED), motor interface control unit (switch controlling quantity and simulation controlling quantity, the energy recovery control interface), automobile interface control unit (throttle and brake pedal sensor, automobile gear position sensor, the key switch measurement mechanism, the Automatic Shift Control interface).

Being connected generally of main control unit and other plurality of units all undertaken by the I/O interface control unit, by the I/O interface unit, main control unit obtains own required to status information, by the I/O interface control unit, the control command that main control unit can send simultaneously, the execution unit of control system and display unit.

The circuit theory of main control unit as shown in Figure 3.Main control unit is the control center of system, mainly comprise master control chip UL9,32K program store U16,32K data memory U17, I/O mouth data bus driver/energy disperser U13, address decoding controller G2, used high speed input in eight grades of interrupt control of U19 to interrupt, software timer interrupts, serial communication interrupts, and the high speed output block, four road analog quantity input channels.G2 is used for deciphering the chip selection signal (CSROM and CSRAM) of generating routine memory device and data memory, and the control signal of I/O mouth (IORQ and IORW).

Importing the .HSI port mainly contains following several function at a high speed:

Receive the abort light (HSI.1) of motor interface unit

Receive the ordinary failures signal (HSI.2) of motor interface unit

Receive rotating speed of motor measurement signal (HSI.0) DM_MOTOR_PULSE

Receive and remove the reset switch incoming signal (HSI.3) that motor blocks

Output at a high speed, the HSO port mainly contains following several function:

The control signal of major loop break-make (HSO.2)

The control of reset motor impulse singla (HSO.3)

The function that the analog quantity input channel is finished comprises:

Measure the ACH4 of gasoline throttle angle

Measure the ACH5 of brake pedal angle

Serial port RS-232C is used for and dump energy meter or other have the three-way RS-232C mouth of standard (auto meter GND) carries out data communication for TXD, RXD, also can be used as the port that system data is gathered.

Bus signals comprises address bus signal ADD, BUS, data bus signal DATA, BUS, and the I/O port data bus I/O.BUS with driving and buffering function.

Display unit mainly is made up of high brightness LED and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), luminotron is used for the operating condition indicative signal of display automobile, the green three kinds of colors of reddish yellow are arranged, and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) can be selected seven segment digital tubes or lattice lcd display for use, is used for showing some Word messages.The hardware of display unit is placed in the relevant control unit, and in fact it also is an independent system.

The signal indication comprises:

L1: electric system emergency indication

L2: electric system ordinary failures indication

L3: motor overheating indication

L4: electric system control abnormity of power supply indication

L5: neutral gear indication

L6: one grade of indication

L7: second gear indication

L8: hand braking indication

L9: reversing indication

L10: braking indication

L11: prompting gear shift indication

L12: overspeed of vehicle indication

L13: normal operation indication

L14: battery failures indication

The literal indication comprises:

The speed of a motor vehicle, travelled distance, mileage

Cell pressure, battery discharge current, dump energy makes power consumption, battery temperature

Motor speed, motor temperature

The fault explanation

Motor interface control unit schematic circuit diagram as shown in Figure 4.From the status signal of motor, through the input channel input of motor interface control unit, input channel is by input buffer U5, actuator U6, and step-by-step counting unit U1 interrupts producing controller U29 and forms.Output channel is by change-over switch S1, alternative numerical selector U4, and output driver U6 forms.By change-over switch S1, electric machine control is had manually and automatic switching function.In M/C, computing machine is by bypass, and control signal is produced by respective switch.The Acceleration Signal of acceleration pedal directly is sent to electric machine control system, but this computer-chronograph still can be used for monitoring the various signals of automobile.Switching controls is finished by change-over switch S1 and data selector U4, and the Acceleration Signal analog quantity is passed through by change-over switch, and digital quantity passes through through data selector U4.Display driver U27 will be sent to display unit after the shows signal amplification relevant with motor status.

After the signal of the sending process R50-57 of electric machine controller and C43-50 capacitance-resistance filter are handled, produce over current of motor signal (DM_OVCURR), motor overheating signal (DM_OVHEAT), electric system control abnormity of power supply signal (DM_CONPWR), electric machine control abnormal signal (DM_IGBT), radiator heat alarm (DM_SPRER), motor pulses signal (DM_MOTOR_PULSE).These signals are sent to the I/O control unit.The signal of control motor comprises signal (DM_F/B or BKSWIT_S), motor operation/speed-slackening signal (DM_MOV/BRK or BRAKE_S), IGBT blockade/release signal (DM_IGBT or IGBT_SW), the major loop break-make control (MAIN_RELAY or high signal) of controlling motor positive and inverse.By double pole double throw change-over switch S1, a road in the above control signal can pass through, and these signals and reset motor impulse singla export electric machine controller to after driving through actuator U6.

The circuit theory of automobile interface unit as shown in Figure 5.The automobile interface unit is mainly by switch input debounce parts R-S binary pair U2, U3, photoelectric isolating device TLP1 forms, the signal of acceleration and brake pedal all comprises analog quantity and a zero passage detection signal, analog signal is by the laggard control chip U19 that becomes owner of of capacitance-resistance filter, be contained in zero passage detection switch on the pedal of vehicles and be used for detecting the small action of pedal, as the rapid-action input block.

Handle through debounce, produce braking zero cross signal (D_BRAKE_0), acceleration pedal zero cross signal (D_ACCEL_0), neutral signal (D_POSI0), one grade of signal (D_POSI1), second gear signal (D_POSI2), hand braking signal (D_BRMAN), reset signal (D_RESET), astern signal (D_BKSWIT).

The key switch signal can detect two-way, after through photoelectric device car body power-supply system and computer power supply system being isolated, produces on-off signal (D_BEGIN and D_BEGIN2).

The circuit theory of I/O interface control unit as shown in Figure 6.Main control unit is connected with motor control unit, automobile control unit, display unit by the I/O control unit.The I/O unit provides the output of 32 road digital quantities by latch U20-U23, provides the input of 16 road digital quantities, two-way D/A output control unit to form by energy disperser U24 and U25.Incoming signal is by input buffer U24, U25 links to each other with I/O data bus (I/O.BUS), be mainly used to measure the signal and the state of motor and automobile, output signal passes through U20, U21, U22, the output of U23 latch, the control pin of I/O chip is produced by programmable logic device (PLD) G3, has taken the 0X7F50--0X7F55 of input/output space.16 tunnel outputs in 32 tunnel outputs are used for controlling liquid crystal display, can connect four seven sections and show or the dot matrix demonstration.

The circuit theory of D/A conversion as shown in Figure 7.D/A exports by programmable gate array G1,12 D/A conversion chip U7, and U12, and op amp U8～U9 composition, the reference 5V voltage of D/A is generated by LM336-5.G1 is by deciphering address signal and control signal, produce D/A control chip selection signal (CSDA1, CSDA2) and write signal (WR21 WR22), is used for controlling the operation that two-way D/A exports respectively for WR11, WR12.The D/A conversion chip is that 12BIT is wide, low four figures certificate and the public eight bit data line of high eight-bit data, and the inside 12BIT latch of D/A controller is squeezed in timesharing.The signal of D/A converter output produces and imports the reverse signal of data corresponding simulating amount through first order op amp U8 (or U11), through second stage op amp U9 (or U10) oppositely after, obtain-5V～+ output of control signal (DA_OUT1 and the UT_OUT2) two-way of 5V can be used for controlling the moment of accelerating and the lock torque of motor, the energy recovery intensity in the time of also can being used for control brake respectively.To satisfy the requirement of various controls.

The hardware of system is formed, it is the basis of realizing system intelligence control, elec. vehicle is the system of a more complicated, in driving, the operation factor of considering is many, and relatively more crucial has: the state of battery (voltage, electric current, electric weight etc.), operating characteristics of motor, the performance characteristic of car body, the natural situation that travels.

The main program flow block diagram of support monitor operation as shown in Figure 8.After the system power-up, begin system initialization, the working environment of computing machine is set, begin System self-test then, System self-test comprises the inspection of RAM memory function on the system board, whether battery status is normal, and after this, whether the check system each several part is working properly, mainly be whether electric system is normal, if electric system has fault, the error situation that then shows, system forbids automotive operation; If motor is normal, then whether the inspection trolley key switch is in the normal position, if car key is not at normal run location, display halt state then, otherwise can normally move, be in operation, need to detect driver operation, mainly comprise gear-change operation, acceleration and brake operation, then call brake process, can carry out energy recovery this moment; If gear then calls reversing process at the reversing state at present; If just in gear shift, then call gearshift procedure; If all range states do not change, then detect the variable condition of acceleration pedal, the control of driving according to the situation of change optimization of acceleration pedal.Repeat the testing process of next round then.

Speed of a motor vehicle calculation process as shown in Figure 9.The speed of a motor vehicle is calculated and has been used the software timer interruption, by calculating the number of tacho-pulse within a certain period of time, calculates the speed of rotating speed of motor and automobile.By whether detecting motor speed in the efficient district of electric system operation, should gear shift whether to detect, at last the state relevant with the speed of a motor vehicle shown.

Mistake indication flow process as shown in figure 10.Because the high-level property of fault handling is so wrong processing has used input at a high speed to interrupt, in case wrong generation, error process process immediately.After mistake took place, program detected wrong type, to emergency and ordinary failures, handles respectively, and the situation of fault is shown, and what be beneficial to keep in repair carries out smoothly.

The serial processing flow process as shown in figure 11.Serial communication interrupt being used for handling and battery management system (dump energy meter) between carry out the transmission of information, mainly be the information that is used for receiving battery, the information of battery transmits in the mode of block data, first and the piece tail of piece is arranged, and interrupt handling starts the reception of a block data by detecting the piece first byte, verification by calculating all data and, check the correctness that data transmit,, then give up this block data if transmit mistake.

Claims (1)

1, the energy-conservation and auxiliary driving monitoring and controlling device of a kind of elec. vehicle, it is characterized in that this monitor is made up of main control unit, automobile interface control unit, electric machine control interface unit and display system, main control unit is connected with display system with automobile interface control unit, electric machine control interface unit by the I/O interface control unit; Wherein said main control unit comprises:

(1) is used to control the master control chip (U19) that monitor moves;

(2) in order to stored program 32K program store (U16);

(3) in order to store the 32K data memory (U17) of data;

(4) in order to receive and to send the I/O mouth data bus driver/energy disperser (U13) of data;

(5) be used for the address decoding controller (G2) of the control signal of the chip selection signal of generating routine memory device and data storage and I/O mouth;

Wherein said display system comprises and is used for the high brightness LED and the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) of display automobile condition indicative signal in service;

Wherein said motor interface control unit comprises:

(1) electric machine control is had manually and the change-over switch (S1) of automatic switching function;

(2) carry out the resistance capacity filter (R50-57 and C43-C50) of capacitance-resistance filter in order to the signal that motor is sent;

(3) in order to the alternative data selector (U4) of the various signals of switching controls motor;

(4) export the actuator (U6) of electric machine controller after driving in order to signal that will be by change-over switch and reset motor impulse singla to;

(5) display driver (U27) of display unit will be sent to after the shows signal amplification relevant with motor status;

Wherein said automobile interface control unit comprises:

(1) status signal from automobile is carried out switch input debounce parts R-S binary pair (U2 and U3) that debounce is handled;

(2) photoelectric isolating device (TLP1) that car body power-supply system and computer power supply system are isolated;

Wherein said I/O interface control unit comprises:

(1) latch (U20-U23) that provides 32 road digital quantities to export;

(2) energy disperser (U24 and U25) that provides 16 road digital quantities to import;

(3) in order to the programmable logic device (PLD) G3 of the control pin that produces I/O chip;

(4) be used for controlling the moment of accelerating of motor and the D/A converter of lock torque, form by programmable gate array (G1), 12 D/A conversion chips (U17 and U12) and two-level operating amplifier (U8-U10).

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