CN103456219A - Fragment emitting device and method for emitting fragments based on fragment emitting device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fragment emitting device. The two ports of a cylinder body are sealed by a left sealing plate and a right sealing plate, wherein the left sealing plate and the right sealing plate correspond to the two ports, a gas inlet and an ignition opening which are communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body are formed in the left sealing plate, the exterior of the gas inlet is connected with a gas inlet pipeline, and an ignition device is arranged in the ignition opening. A two-step type stepped hole with the large left portion and the small right portion is formed in the right sealing plate, a thin aluminum sheet is arranged in the large-aperture section of the stepped hole, an emitting tube is horizontally arranged, the left portion of the emitting tube is in threaded connection with the large-aperture section of the stepped hole of the right sealing plate, and the left end of the emitting tube tightly presses the thin aluminum sheet. High pressure gas generated when combustible gas is combusted is utilized to break through the thin aluminum sheet, then, fragments are pushed to be emitted out of the emitting tube, and an explosion damage experiment is further conveniently conducted. The fragment emitting device is simple and compact in structure, light in weight, and portable, and the requirement for emitting the fragments can be well met.

Description

Fragmentation emitter and the method based on this emitter emission fragmentation

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of fragmentation emitter, this device can be launched fragmentation, and the fragmentation produced during by this fragmentation simulated explosion, in order to further exploded injury experiment.

Background technology

In the blast injury experiment, the fragmentation produced while usually needing simulated explosion, meet the demand and there is no at present way, is badly in need of solving this technical barrier for this reason.

Summary of the invention

One of technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of fragmentation emitter, wish emission fragmentation.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A kind of fragmentation emitter, it is characterized in that: comprise cylinder body (1) and power valve (7), wherein two ports of cylinder body (1) are sealed by the left hush panel (2) of correspondence and right hush panel (3) respectively, wherein: have the air intake opening (2a) and the lighting-up tuyere (2b) that communicate with cylinder body (1) inner chamber on described left hush panel (2), wherein the outside of air intake opening (2a) is connected to an admission line (4), and portfire (5) is housed in described lighting-up tuyere (2b);

Have two stepwise shoulder holes left small and right large on described right hush panel (3), the large aperture section of this shoulder hole is equipped with a flake aluminum (6), described power valve (7) is and is horizontally disposed with, the left part of this power valve (7) is threaded with the large aperture section of right hush panel (3) shoulder hole, and the left end of power valve (7) compresses described flake aluminum (6).

Adopt above technical scheme, the present invention is inner chamber injection inflammable gas and the air to cylinder body (1) by admission line (4), then by portfire (5), the mixed gas of injection is lighted; Produce gases at high pressure during above-mentioned mixed gas burning, and break through described flake aluminum (6) by gases at high pressure, then promote fragmentation and penetrate power valve (7), in order to further exploded injury experiment.

In sum, the gases at high pressure that the present invention produces by gas fuel burning break through described flake aluminum (6), then promote fragmentation and penetrate power valve (7), in order to further exploded injury experiment, and the present invention is simple in structure, compact, and weight is lighter, easily realize portable, and can meet well the requirement of launching fragmentation, guarantee carrying out smoothly of blast injury experiment.

In the present invention, described portfire (5) is preferably electric plug.

As preferably, described left hush panel (2) and right hush panel (3) are linked together by one group of tightening screw (8).

Two of technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method based on fragmentation emitter emission fragmentation, and its step is:

A, adopt fragmentation emitter claimed in claim 3, first placement fragmentation described power valve (7) in;

B, by admission line (4) to injecting inflammable gas and air in the inner chamber of cylinder body (1);

C, by portfire (5), light mixed gas, produce gases at high pressure during the mixed gas burning, and break through described flake aluminum (6) by gases at high pressure, then promote fragmentation and penetrate power valve (7).

Adopt this method, can launch fragmentation by the fragmentation emitter, in order to further exploded damage test.

Beneficial effect: the gases at high pressure that the present invention produces by gas fuel burning break through described flake aluminum (6), then promote fragmentation and penetrate power valve (7), in order to further exploded injury experiment, and the present invention is simple in structure, compact, weight is lighter, easily realize portablely, and can meet well the requirement of emission fragmentation, guarantee carrying out smoothly of blast injury experiment.

The accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of fragmentation emitter, mainly consist of cylinder body 1, left hush panel 2, right hush panel 3, admission line 4, portfire 5, flake aluminum 6 and power valve 7.Wherein, the left port of described cylinder body 1 is sealed by left hush panel 2, and the right output port of this cylinder body 1 is sealed by left hush panel 2.And above-mentioned left hush panel 2 and right hush panel 3 are linked together by one group of tightening screw 8, the axis parallel of this tightening screw 8 and described cylinder body 1, and the number of tightening screw 8 is at least four, is the six roots of sensation in the present embodiment.

Have air intake opening 2a and lighting-up tuyere 2b on described left hush panel 2, these two opennings all communicate with the inner chamber of described cylinder body 1.Wherein, the outside of described air intake opening 2a is connected to an admission line 4, can pass through inner chamber injection inflammable gas and the air of this admission line 4 to cylinder body 1 during use.In described lighting-up tuyere 2b, portfire 5 is housed, the effect of this portfire 5 is to light mixed gas, and portfire 5 is preferably electric plug, but also can adopt as required other structures, as the fire in a stove before fuel is added adds the version of striker.

As can be seen from Figure 1, have two stepwise shoulder holes left small and right large on described right hush panel 3, the large aperture section of this shoulder hole is equipped with a flake aluminum 6.Described power valve 7 is and is horizontally disposed with, and the left part of this power valve 7 is threaded with the large aperture section of right hush panel 3 shoulder holes, and the left end of power valve 7 compresses described flake aluminum 6.During use, can in power valve 7, fill fragmentation, the internal diameter of the diameter of this fragmentation and power valve 7 adapts.

Two of technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method based on fragmentation emitter emission fragmentation, and its step is:

A, adopt fragmentation emitter claimed in claim 3, first at the interior placement fragmentation of described power valve 7;

B, by admission line 4 to injecting inflammable gas and air in the inner chamber of cylinder body 1;

C, by portfire 5, light mixed gas, produce gases at high pressure during the mixed gas burning, and break through described flake aluminum 6 by gases at high pressure, then promote fragmentation and penetrate power valve 7.

In the present invention, the emission rate of fragmentation be filled with inflammable gas substantial connection arranged, specific as follows:

(A) calculating of cylinder body peak value air pressure

According to the law of theoretical gas volume constant (water exists in the steam state mode) before and after equation of gas state PV=nRT and burning, after flammable gaseous state perfect combustion (sufficient amount of oxygen), the fixed volume cylinder interior pressure has relational expression:

$\frac{P1}{T1}=\frac{P2}{T2}---\left(1\right)$

In formula, P1 is the front pressure of burning, and T1 is the temperature before burning, and P2 is the pressure after burning, and T2 is the temperature after burning,

Force value is:

$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="HDA0000379672470000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}2=\frac{P1}{T1}T2---\left(2\right)$

When laboratory is tested, in cylinder body, the front T1 of gaseous combustion is room temperature, is 298k(25 ℃), the heat that T2 can produce according to the inflammable gas burning be calculated, and its theoretical foundation is as follows:

In chemical reaction, in the material generation chemical change of participating in reaction, also meritorious and hot exchange between reactive system and the external world, according to the first law of thermodynamics, in chemical reaction process, the relation of Conversion of Energy can be expressed as

Q=(Up-Ur)+W （3）

In formula, Q is reactive system and the extraneous heat exchanged in chemical reaction process, becomes reaction heat; W is the summation that reactive system is external done work; The interior energy that Up is product, the interior energy that Ur is reactant.

If in course of reaction, the volume of system remains unchanged, system and the extraneous exchange that there is no merit, the energy conversion relation formula in course of reaction can be expressed as:

Q=Up-Ur （4）

The constant volume combustion process of carrying out under adiabatic condition, Q=0, can obtain

Up=Ur （5）

That is to say, while under adiabatic condition, carrying out constant volume combustion, along with reactant in system itself chemical change occurs and all is transformed into product, the interior interior energy that can also all be transformed into product of reactant.According to the relation of interior energy and temperature, just can determine the theoretical temperature combustion of gaseous combustion in the fixed volume cylinder body according to interior energy and the numerical value of product, and then calculate the pressure peak in cylinder body.

(B) calculate

According to Newton's laws of motion, the emission rate of fragmentation can be calculated by following formula

$v=\sqrt{2\mathrm{as}}---\left(6\right)$

In formula, v is that (unit: m/s), a is fragmentation acceleration (unit: m/s to the fragmentation ejection velocity ²), s is acceleration distance, refers to power valve (7) length l herein.Acceleration a can be calculated by following formula,

$a=\frac{F}{m}=\frac{\mathrm{PS}}{m}---\left(7\right)$

In formula, P is that (unit: Pa), S is power valve internal diameter area (unit: m to cylinder interior pressure ²), m is fragmentation quality (unit: kg), by formula (6) substitution formula (7), have

$v=\sqrt{2\frac{\mathrm{PS}}{m}l}---\left(8\right)$

In formula v be the fragmentation ejection velocity (unit: m/s), the length (unit: m) that l is power valve in Fig. 1.

Embodiment mono-

When toward the interior injection methane of cylinder body 1:

Methyl hydride combustion CH ₄+ 2O ₂=2H ₂the O(gaseous state)+CO ₂

According to constant volume-adiabatic equation, by formula (5), have:

H _P+P _RV=H _R+P _RV

H _P=H _R+（V _P-V _R）P=H _R+（n _P-n _R）R _mT

N _pand n _rfor the kilomol number of gaseous material, R _mfor general gaseous state constant.

Work as H ₂when O exists with the gaseous state form, n _r=n _p, H _p=H _r.

The chemical equation of methyl hydride combustion can obtain:

H _R=（H _CH4） ₂₉₈=(h ⁰ _f)CH ₄

Table look-up to such an extent that the enthalpy of formation of methane is

(h ⁰ _f)CH ₄=-75850kJ/kmol

So obtain the enthalpy of reactant, be

H _R=-75850kJ/kmol

By chemical equation, have:

H _P=2（h ⁰ _f+△h） _H2O+（h ⁰ _f+△h） _CO2 （a）

CO tables look-up to obtain ₂and H ₂the enthalpy of formation of O is:

（h ⁰ _f） _H2O=-393520kJ/kmol

（h ⁰ _f） _CO2=-241810kJ/kmol

For asking for theoretical temperature combustion and mark state temperature (25 ⁰ _c) between CO ₂with H ₂the variation of O enthalpy, suppose that theoretical temperature combustion is 840K, table look-up:

（△h） _H2O=24887kJ/kmol

（△h） _CO2=19550kJ/kmol

The relational expression (a) of bringing the enthalpy of product into obtains:

H _P=-813153kJ

Lower than H _r, need carry out again iteration.Suppose that again temperature of combustion is T=3000K, table look-up

（△h） _H2O=152862kJ/kmol

（△h） _CO2=126364kJ/kmol

The relational expression (a) of bringing the enthalpy of product into obtains:

H _P=-471550kJ

According to hypothesis result of calculation, the H of gained _pstill lower than H _r.Subsequent calculations can be according to aforementioned twice assumed value by linear relationship, sums up most to calculate its theoretical temperature combustion and be: T=5481K.Bring this theoretical value into formula (2), have

$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="HDA0000379672470000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}2=\frac{P1}{T1}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="T"\; filenames="HDA0000379672470000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}2=\frac{5481}{298}P1$

Pressure is stretched high ratio

$\frac{P2}{P1}=18$

Therefore, if burning gases are selected methane, the air pressure peak value of gas in the jar will reach 18 times of air pressure before burning.

Fragment Velocities is calculated by formula (8)

$v=\sqrt{2\frac{{18P}_{0}S}{m}}1$

In formula v be the fragmentation ejection velocity (unit: m/s), P ₀for cylinder interior pressure (unit: Pa), and P ₀=P1, S is power valve internal diameter area (unit: m ²), m be the fragmentation quality (unit: kg), the length (unit: m) that l is power valve in Fig. 1.

Embodiment bis-

When toward the interior injection propane of cylinder body 1:

Propane burning C ₃h ₈+ 5O ₂=4H ₂the O(gaseous state)+3CO ₂

According to constant volume-adiabatic equation, by formula (5), have:

H _P+P _RV=H _R+P _RV

H _P=H _R+（V _P-V _R）P=H _R+（n _P-n _R）R _mT

N _pand n _rfor the kilomol number of gaseous material, R _mfor general gaseous state constant, 8.37kJ/kmol.K.

Work as H ₂when O exists with the gaseous state form, 1+n _r=n _p, H _p=R _mt+H _r.

Table look-up to such an extent that the enthalpy of formation of propane is

(h ⁰ _f)C ₃H ₈=-104000kJ/kmol

So obtain the enthalpy of reactant, be

H _R=R _mT-104000=8.37×293-104000=-101506kJ/kmol

By chemical equation, have:

H _P=4（h ⁰ _f+△h） _H2O+3（h ⁰ _f+△h） _CO2 （b）

CO tables look-up to obtain ₂and H ₂the enthalpy of formation of O is:

（h ⁰ _f） _H2O=-393520kJ/kmol

（h ⁰ _f） _CO2=-241810kJ/kmol

For asking for theoretical temperature combustion and mark state temperature (25 ⁰ _c) between CO ₂with H ₂the variation of O enthalpy, suppose that theoretical temperature combustion is 840K, table look-up:

（△h） _H2O=24887kJ/kmol

（△h） _CO2=19550kJ/kmol

The relational expression (b) of bringing the enthalpy of product into obtains:

H _P=-2141312kJ

Lower than H _r, need carry out again iteration.Suppose that again temperature of combustion is T=3000K, table look-up

（△h） _H2O=152862kJ/kmol

（△h） _CO2=126364kJ/kmol

The relational expression (b) of bringing the enthalpy of product into obtains:

H _P=-1308970kJ

According to hypothesis result of calculation, the H of gained _pstill lower than H _r.Subsequent calculations can be pressed linear relationship according to aforementioned twice assumed value, calculates its theoretical temperature combustion and is: T=6138K.Bring this theoretical value into formula (2), have

$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="HDA0000379672470000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}2=\frac{P1}{T1}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="T"\; filenames="HDA0000379672470000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}2=\frac{6138}{298}P1$

Pressure is stretched high ratio

$\frac{P2}{P1}=21$

Therefore, if burning gases are selected propane, the air pressure peak value of gas in the jar will reach 21 times of air pressure before burning.

Fragment Velocities is calculated by formula (8)

$v=\sqrt{2\frac{{21P}_{0}S}{m}}l$

In formula v be the fragmentation ejection velocity (unit: m/s), P ₀for cylinder interior pressure (unit: Pa), and P ₀=P1, S is power valve internal diameter area (unit: m ²), m be the fragmentation quality (unit: kg), the length (unit: m) that l is power valve in Fig. 1.

The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not take the present invention as restriction, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a fragmentation emitter, it is characterized in that: comprise cylinder body (1) and power valve (7), wherein two ports of cylinder body (1) are sealed by the left hush panel (2) of correspondence and right hush panel (3) respectively, wherein: have the air intake opening (2a) and the lighting-up tuyere (2b) that communicate with cylinder body (1) inner chamber on described left hush panel (2), wherein the outside of air intake opening (2a) is connected to an admission line (4), and portfire (5) is housed in described lighting-up tuyere (2b);

Have two stepwise shoulder holes left small and right large on described right hush panel (3), the large aperture section of this shoulder hole is equipped with a flake aluminum (6), described power valve (7) is and is horizontally disposed with, the left part of this power valve (7) is threaded with the large aperture section of right hush panel (3) shoulder hole, and the left end of power valve (7) compresses described flake aluminum (6).

2. fragmentation emitter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described portfire (5) is electric plug.

3. fragmentation emitter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described left hush panel (2) and right hush panel (3) are linked together by one group of tightening screw (8).

4. the method based on fragmentation emitter emission fragmentation, its step is:

A, adopt fragmentation emitter claimed in claim 3, first placement fragmentation described power valve (7) in;

B, by admission line (4) to injecting inflammable gas and air in the inner chamber of cylinder body (1);

C, by portfire (5), light mixed gas, produce gases at high pressure during the mixed gas burning, and break through described flake aluminum (6) by gases at high pressure, then promote fragmentation and penetrate power valve (7).

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