CN103454672A - Air gun array earthquake source three-dimensional space combination method for offshore earthquake exploration - Google Patents
Air gun array earthquake source three-dimensional space combination method for offshore earthquake exploration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an air gun array earthquake source three-dimensional space combination method for offshore earthquake exploration. The method comprises the steps of determining the total capacity of an air gun array earthquake source, and the number of subarraies, determining the capacity of each subarray and the capacity of each subarray unit in each subarray, determining the relative positions of large capacity air guns and small capacity air guns, determining the positions of all the subarraies in an air gun array, determining the optimal immersing depth of the air gun array, selecting air gun array plane arrangement parameters corresponding to simulating wavelets meeting exploration requirements, determining the optimal three-dimensional space combination mode of the air gun array and related parameters of the immersing depth of upper sources and the lower sources and the like, so that a delayed simulating three-dimensional space combination stereoscopic air gun array earthquake source can be obtained, and the delayed simulating three-dimensional space combination stereoscopic air gun array earthquake source is final air gun earthquake source three-dimensional space combination for offshore earthquake exploration. The air gun combination arrangement mode designed through the air gun array earthquake source three-dimensional space combination method is distinct in gradation, the optimal air gun combination arrangement mode is provided for different construction conditions and different offshore exploration environments, and therefore optimal far field wavelets in the current environment can be obtained. The air gun array earthquake source three-dimensional space combination method for the offshore earthquake exploration can be directly used in the outdoor offshore earthquake exploration process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of energy development method of exploration, particularly about a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method.
Background technology
Deep-water exploration is one of important directions of offshore seismic exploration.Under deep water complex geological structure condition, the resolution that improves seismic data is extremely important.Except adopt specific technology raising resolution in seismic data is processed, obtain high-resolution original earthquake data more important in seismic data acquisition.The research of therefore, offshore seismic exploration high resolving power source pattern is very urgent.
Air gun source is most widely used focus in offshore seismic exploration, and it has, and cost is low, clean environment firendly, stable performance, high controllability, the advantage such as can repeat.The focus far-field wavelet is to weigh the very important parameter of air gun source quality, is also that geological data is processed the requisite factor of explaining.Desirable focus far-field wavelet requires to possess higher pulse output, just bubble is than, low frequency energy, and wider frequency span, frequency spectrum suppress the characteristics such as trap effect relatively smoothly, preferably.The focus far-field wavelet that single air gun excites does not reach requirement far away, often adopts the mode of air-gun array combination to strengthen seismic source energy, and the compacting bubble pulse improves the quality of focus far-field wavelet.
Traditional air-gun array combination adopts the plane combination mode, and all air gun sinkings, in the same degree of depth, excite simultaneously.There is the problem of two aspects in it, on the one hand, for marine complex geological condition, a certain array mode often can only be in one aspect or several respects optimize source wavelet, and other aspect effect is poor, can not get comprehensive high-quality desirable far-field wavelet.On the other hand, the air gun source of conventional planar combination excites in water, effect due to sea surface ghost (being terrible ripple), make the frequency spectrum of source wavelet have trap, on trap wave point, energy is low, had a strong impact on the frequency span of source wavelet, limited the resolution of offshore seismic exploration, to the processing of latter earthquake data with explain totally unfavorable.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind ofly for different offshore survey environment, can obtain the three dimensions combined method of the offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus of desirable far-field wavelet.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method, comprise the following steps: 1), according to exploration requirement, geologic condition and construction requirement, determine air-gun array focus total volume and subarray number; 2) analyze the various performance parameters in air-gun array source wavelet analog result, require to judge whether it is suitable air-gun array focus according to whether reaching exploration; 3) determine each subarray air gun type in the rifle battle array, whole array is used more than one air gun types; 4), according to air-gun array focus total volume and construction requirement, determine the capacity of each submatrix unit in the capacity of each subarray and subarray; 5) the submatrix unit in each subarray is carried out to permutation and combination, determine the relative position of large capacity air gun and low capacity air gun; 6) determine the position of each subarray in the rifle battle array, and, by changing the combination spacing of subarray on surface level, source wavelet analog result in comparative analysis different spacing situation, optimize the best of breed spacing; 7) according to exploration, require and the zone of interest geologic condition, source wavelet analog result in comparative analysis rifle battle array difference sinking degree of depth situation, determine the best sinking degree of depth of air-gun array; 8) return to step 5), repeating step 5) process～8), in the variation range of the sinking degree of depth, best rifle battle array planar alignment mode and submatrix spacing under simulation preferred each sinking degree of depth, simulation wavelet and frequency spectrum during the different sinking degree of depth of comparative analysis, choose and meet the corresponding rifle battle array of the simulation wavelet planar alignment parameter that exploration requires; 9) air-gun array of above-mentioned planar alignment carried out to the three-dimensional combination of three dimensions, in the situation that in keeping same subarray, the sinking depth H of each submatrix unit is all identical, by changing the relative position of each subarray in three-dimensional space, source wavelet under the comparative analysis different situations, determine the three-dimensional array mode of three dimensions and the upper and lower source sinking degree of depth correlation parameter of air-gun array the best; 10) the three-dimensional array mode of air-gun array three dimensions step 9) obtained and the upper and lower source sinking degree of depth, tested and chosen the time delay that excites between best Shang Yuan and lower source; 11) delay obtained through step 10) excites the three-dimensional combination of three dimensions air-gun array focus, is final offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combination.
Described step 2) in, the criterion that is whether suitable air-gun array focus comprises source wavelet analog result and performance parameter, described source wavelet analog result comprises far-field wavelet figure and spectrogram, and described performance parameter comprises low frequency energy, bandwidth, stability, the effect of inhibition trap in main pulse, peak-to-peak value, first bubble ratio, bubble period and the spectrogram in far-field wavelet figure.
In described step 3), in whole rifle battle array, each subarray air gun type adopts one or more in Bolt rifle and Sleeve rifle.
In described step 6), the variation range of combination spacing is 4m～12m, and rifle battle array integral body is symmetric.
In described step 7), the variation range of the sinking degree of depth is 4m～12m.
In described step 1), the range of choice of subarray number is three sub-array, four submatrixs and six submatrixs.
The present invention is owing to taking above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is due to a kind of preferably three dimensions solid array assembled arrangement mode being provided, by rational delay firing time is set, more effectively suppress bubble pulse on the basis of the effective stack that guarantees excitation pulse, improved the first bubble ratio of far-field wavelet.2, the present invention compares with traditional planar alignment mode, can more effectively suppress the trap effect, improves the trap wave point energy, improves low frequency and the radio-frequency component of wavelet, expands frequency span, thereby has improved the resolution of seismic data.3, the present invention carries out different types of air gun three-dimensional assembled arrangement in three dimensions, has made up the design defect of dissimilar air gun itself, and the focus far-field wavelet of high-quality more can be provided.4, the present invention is preferably various symmetrical the arranging for how much that are by the three-dimensional assembled arrangement mode of three dimensions, has both guaranteed that the far field energy distribution was even, is convenient to again the offshore seismic exploration field operation, more convenient and practical.5, the air gun array arrangement mode that the present invention designs, well arranged, for different execution conditions and different offshore survey environment provide optimal air gun array arrangement mode, therefore can obtain far-field wavelet optimum under current environment.The present invention can be directly used in field offshore seismic exploration process.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the inventive method schematic flow sheet
Fig. 2 is the arrangement mode schematic diagram on air-gun array focus surface level
Fig. 3 is the Simulation of far-field wavelet figure of air-gun array focus
Fig. 4 is the simulation wavelet spectrogram of air-gun array focus
Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional combination of the three dimensions air gun source schematic cross-section that parallelogram is arranged
Fig. 6 is the three-dimensional combination of the three dimensions air gun source schematic diagram that parallelogram is arranged
Fig. 7 is that the time delay of three dimensions solid array focus excites and simultaneous shots simulation wavelet comparison diagram
Fig. 8 is that the time delay of three dimensions solid array focus excites and simultaneous shots simulation wavelet spectral contrast figure
Fig. 9 is the simulation wavelet comparison diagram of three dimensions solid array focus and planar array focus
Figure 10 is the simulation wavelet spectral contrast figure of three dimensions solid array focus and planar array focus
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1) according to exploration requirement, geologic condition and construction requirement, determine air-gun array focus total volume and subarray number N, the range of choice of subarray number is generally three sub-array, four submatrixs and six submatrixs.
For example: as shown in Figure 2, for target area, seabed, deep water abrupt slope, the South Sea, the far-field wavelet that suitable air-gun array focus provides will have sufficiently high energy and enough strong penetration capacity, by the comparative analysis of many group models wavelet analog result, the air-gun array focus of the best of choosing is six submatrix arrays, in figure, be the array plane arrangement mode, the rifle battle array is become by six group of subarrays of A-F, and rifle battle array total volume is 0.115m
3.
2) by analyzing the various performance parameters in air-gun array source wavelet analog result, according to whether reaching exploration, require to judge whether it is suitable air-gun array focus, the source wavelet analog result mainly comprises far-field wavelet figure (as shown in Figure 3) and spectrogram (as shown in Figure 4), performance parameter mainly comprises main pulse in far-field wavelet figure, peak-to-peak value, just bubble is than the low frequency energy in, bubble period and spectrogram, bandwidth, stability, the effect of inhibition trap etc., and best air-gun array focus requires various performance parameters to reach comprehensive optimum.
3) determine each subarray air gun type in the rifle battle array, it is the Bolt(Business Name that maximum air guns is applied at present offshore survey) rifle and Sleeve(telescopic) rifle, according to the specific design requirement, whole array can only be used a kind of air gun, also can choose dissimilar air gun by each subarray, the inner same air gun of using of same subarray.For example: it is telescopic that in Fig. 4, six subarrays of A-F are all selected Sleeve() rifle.
4) according to air-gun array focus total volume and construction requirement, the capacity of each submatrix unit in the capacity of each subarray of reasonable arrangement and subarray.In order to suppress the oscillation effect of bubble, obtain source wavelet preferably, in each subarray, the air gun of large capacity and low capacity will carry out reasonable combination.
For example: as shown in Figure 2, wherein A, B, E, F subarray capacity are 1.4584*10
-2m
3, C, D subarray capacity are 2.8348*10
-2m
3, each subarray is comprised of single rifle or the relevant rifle of different capabilities respectively, and the 4th row of C, D subarray and the 5th row are 3.441*10 by every capacity
-3m
3and 2.458*10
-3m
3the relevant rifle of large capacity form.
5) the submatrix unit in each subarray is carried out to permutation and combination, the relative position of the large capacity air gun of reasonable arrangement (single rifle or relevant rifle) and low capacity air gun (single rifle or relevant rifle).Each subarray inside, large capacity air gun and low capacity air gun, single rifle and relevant rifle are as far as possible alternately.
6) determine the position of each subarray in the rifle battle array, and, by changing the combination space D of subarray on surface level, source wavelet analog result in comparative analysis different spacing situation, optimize best combination spacing.The variation range of combination space D is generally 4m～12m, and variable quantity is generally 1m, for example 5m, 6m or 7m, by that analogy.Rifle battle array integral body is symmetric, and through a large amount of simulated experiment and comparative analysis, according to the target area situation, preferably the best of breed spacing between each subarray is 8m.
Obtain the arrangement mode of more excellent air-gun array focus on surface level by above-mentioned steps.In order to make more points of proximity focus of focus, energy after exciting is evenly distributed in all directions, consider the execution conditions in field simultaneously, can suitably adjust the relative position of large capacity air gun in whole rifle battle array, large capacity air gun is arranged in to the position of medium position or the close towing cable of array as far as possible.
7) according to exploration, require and the zone of interest geologic condition, source wavelet analog result in comparative analysis rifle battle array difference sinking depth H situation, determine the best sinking degree of depth of air-gun array.The variation range of sinking depth H is generally 4m～12m, and variable quantity is generally 1m, for example 5m, 6m or 7m, by that analogy.
8) because the variation of the sinking degree of depth and combination spacing is of great impact to source wavelet, after carrying out this step, situation according to the simulation wavelet, return to step 5), repeating step 5) process～8), in the variation range of sinking depth H, best rifle battle array planar alignment mode and submatrix space D under simulation preferred each sinking depth H, simulation wavelet and frequency spectrum during the different sinking depth H of comparative analysis, choose and meet the corresponding rifle battle array of the simulation wavelet planar alignment parameter that exploration requires.
9) air-gun array of above-mentioned planar alignment carried out to the three-dimensional combination of three dimensions, in the situation that in keeping same subarray, the sinking depth H of each submatrix unit is all identical, by changing the relative position of each subarray in three-dimensional space, source wavelet under the comparative analysis different situations, determine the correlation parameters such as the three-dimensional array mode of three dimensions of air-gun array the best and the upper and lower source sinking degree of depth.Usually the three dimensions array mode be take symmetry as principle.
For example: as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, it is the three-dimensional combination array of three dimensions that preferred parallelogram is arranged, wherein, the lower source sinking degree of depth that the upper source sinking degree of depth become by tri-group of subarrays of A, C, E is 7.5m, become by B, D, tri-group of subarrays of F is 10.5m, the average sinking degree of depth is 9m, and subarray combination spacing is 8m.
10) the three-dimensional array mode of air-gun array three dimensions step 9) obtained and the upper and lower source sinking degree of depth, test and choose the time delay that excites between best Shang Yuan and lower source.
For example, as shown in Figure 6, be the three-dimensional array mode of parallelogram three dimensions, the firing time of lower source B, D, tri-subarrays of F postpones 2ms than upper source A, C, tri-subarrays of E.As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, be simulation wavelet and the spectral contrast figure that time delay excites (lower source postpones 2ms) and simultaneous shots, the wavelet main pulse that as can be seen from the figure time delay excites is larger, and the ghosting absolute value is little, has effectively suppressed the trap effect.As shown in Figure 8, on frequency spectrum, the trap wave point energy lifting greatly that time delay excites, low frequency energy is stronger, and frequency band is widened.The array wavelet quality that postpones to excite obviously improves, and for the simultaneous shots mode, has larger superiority.
11) optimize best delay by above-mentioned steps and excite the three-dimensional combination of three dimensions air-gun array focus, be the offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combination that the present invention finally will obtain.
The present invention has an enormous advantage with respect to traditional planar array focus tool, such as: as shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, arrange in the plane in identical situation, simulation wavelet and the spectral contrast of the three-dimensional combination of the three dimensions focus that conventional planar array focus and the present invention's delay excite, main pulse of the present invention and first the bubble than being improved, trap wave point energy lifting greatly on frequency spectrum, low frequency energy is abundant, frequency band is widened, and has suppressed the trap effect of sea surface ghost, and the wavelet excited is more excellent.
As the case may be, above-mentioned some step may need the repeatedly circulation of carrying out, finally to obtain the three-dimensional combination of optimum three dimensions air-gun array focus.
By field collection test, prove: than the common seismic exploration, utilize the present invention preferably to postpone the seismic data that excites the three-dimensional combination of three dimensions focus to gather, resolution improves, and image quality is obviously improved.
The various embodiments described above are only for the present invention is described, every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method comprises the following steps:
1) according to exploration requirement, geologic condition and construction requirement, determine air-gun array focus total volume and subarray number;
2) analyze the various performance parameters in air-gun array source wavelet analog result, require to judge whether it is suitable air-gun array focus according to whether reaching exploration;
3) determine each subarray air gun type in the rifle battle array, whole array is used more than one air gun types;
4), according to air-gun array focus total volume and construction requirement, determine the capacity of each submatrix unit in the capacity of each subarray and subarray;
5) the submatrix unit in each subarray is carried out to permutation and combination, determine the relative position of large capacity air gun and low capacity air gun;
6) determine the position of each subarray in the rifle battle array, and, by changing the combination spacing of subarray on surface level, source wavelet analog result in comparative analysis different spacing situation, optimize the best of breed spacing;
7) according to exploration, require and the zone of interest geologic condition, source wavelet analog result in comparative analysis rifle battle array difference sinking degree of depth situation, determine the best sinking degree of depth of air-gun array;
8) return to step 5), repeating step 5) process～8), in the variation range of the sinking degree of depth, best rifle battle array planar alignment mode and submatrix spacing under simulation preferred each sinking degree of depth, simulation wavelet and frequency spectrum during the different sinking degree of depth of comparative analysis, choose and meet the corresponding rifle battle array of the simulation wavelet planar alignment parameter that exploration requires;
9) air-gun array of above-mentioned planar alignment carried out to the three-dimensional combination of three dimensions, in the situation that in keeping same subarray, the sinking depth H of each submatrix unit is all identical, by changing the relative position of each subarray in three-dimensional space, source wavelet under the comparative analysis different situations, determine the three-dimensional array mode of three dimensions and the upper and lower source sinking degree of depth correlation parameter of air-gun array the best;
10) the three-dimensional array mode of air-gun array three dimensions step 9) obtained and the upper and lower source sinking degree of depth, tested and chosen the time delay that excites between best Shang Yuan and lower source;
11) delay obtained through step 10) excites the three-dimensional combination of three dimensions air-gun array focus, is final offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combination.
2. a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2), the criterion that is whether suitable air-gun array focus comprises source wavelet analog result and performance parameter, described source wavelet analog result comprises far-field wavelet figure and spectrogram, and described performance parameter comprises low frequency energy, bandwidth, stability, the effect of inhibition trap in main pulse, peak-to-peak value, first bubble ratio, bubble period and the spectrogram in far-field wavelet figure.
3. a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in described step 3), in whole rifle battle array, each subarray air gun type adopts one or more in Bolt rifle and Sleeve rifle.
4. a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: in described step 3), in whole rifle battle array, each subarray air gun type adopts one or more in Bolt rifle and Sleeve rifle.
5. a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: in described step 6), the variation range of combination spacing is 4m～12m, and rifle battle array integral body is symmetric.
6. a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: in described step 7), the variation range of the sinking degree of depth is 4m～12m.
7. a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described step 7), the variation range of the sinking degree of depth is 4m～12m.
8. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 7 described a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined methods, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), the range of choice of subarray number is three sub-array, four submatrixs and six submatrixs.
9. a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), the range of choice of subarray number is three sub-array, four submatrixs and six submatrixs.
10. a kind of offshore seismic exploration air-gun array focus three dimensions combined method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), the range of choice of subarray number is three sub-array, four submatrixs and six submatrixs.
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