The method of a kind of collosol and gel-solid sintering technology synthesis nickle cobalt lithium manganate
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of synthesizing nickle cobalt lithium manganate, especially relate to the method for a kind of collosol and gel-solid sintering technology synthesis nickle cobalt lithium manganate.
Background technology
Anode material for lithium-ion batteries is the part of most critical in battery, and Postive electrode material of li-ion accumulator in the market mainly contains cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, LiFePO 4 and nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary system.Wherein, cobalt acid lithium, LiFePO 4 and nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary system are mainstay material.Because cobalt resource is seriously rare, expensive, and there is potential safety hazard when overcharge, thus the application of cobalt acid lithium in high capacity cell is subject to severely restricts.Although the LiMn2O4 of stratiform has 200mAhg
-1specific capacity, but structural stability is very poor, and the LiMn2O4 specific capacity of spinel-type is very low, and the structural stability under high temperature has to be strengthened.LiFePO 4 tap density is low, poor processability, limits the further application of this material.And nickle cobalt lithium manganate adopts relatively inexpensive nickel and manganese to instead of cobalts a large amount of in cobalt acid lithium, thus the advantage of its cost aspect clearly.Simultaneously, its reversible capacity is large, Stability Analysis of Structures, security performance is good, have higher conductivity and thermal stability, compare with other anode material for lithium-ion batteries, nickel-cobalt lithium manganate material and cobalt acid lithium material are in chemical property and processing characteristics closely, be a kind of material most possibly replacing cobalt acid lithium, there are very large market prospects.
At present, the preparation method of nickle cobalt lithium manganate mainly adopts high temperature solid phase synthesis and coprecipitation.Wherein, high temperature solid phase synthesis is by lithium source, nickel source, cobalt source, manganese source ground and mixed, and calcining synthesis under about 1000 DEG C high temperature, finally pulverizes and form.The method because of solid-state diffusion speed slow, batch mixing is difficult to evenly, and product exists larger difference in structure, composition, thus causes its stable electrochemical property not high.Coprecipitation prepare nickle cobalt lithium manganate the technical process mainly synthesis of precursor, mixed lithium and sintering.General elder generation is settled out the hydroxide of nickel and cobalt containing manganese or the precursor of carbonate from soluble metallic salt, precursor is washed, dry after adopt solid phase mixing mode to mix with lithium salts after, at high temperature sinter and prepare nickle cobalt lithium manganate.The precursor spherical degree of common Co deposited synthesis controls not good, and tap density is not high, makes the nickle cobalt lithium manganate processing characteristics for preparing poor; Meanwhile, single LiNi
1/3co
1/3mn
1/3o
2material capacity is lower, single LiNi
0.5co
0.2mn
0.3o
2material circulation poor-performing.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provides the method for a kind of collosol and gel-solid sintering technology synthesis nickle cobalt lithium manganate.The method is simple and practical, prepared LiNi
1/3co
1/3mn
1/3o
2-LiNi
0.5co
0.2mn
0.3o
2material can overcome existing single LiNi
1/3co
1/3mn
1/3o
2material capacity is lower, single LiNi
0.5co
0.2mn
0.3o
2the problem of material circulation poor performance, to realize the efficiency utilization of resource, the material circulation performance simultaneously and high rate performance and tap density all obviously excellent, processing characteristics is obviously improved.
The present invention solve that its technical problem adopts technical scheme be: the method for a kind of collosol and gel-solid sintering technology synthesis nickle cobalt lithium manganate, comprises the following steps:
(1) by nickel ion, manganese ion, cobalt ions mol ratio is that the ratio of 5:3:2 takes soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt, manganese salt, preparation 10L metal ion total concentration is the mixed solution of 2mol/L, with 50L 5mol/L precipitation of hydroxide agent and the agent of 100L 5mol/L complexing of metal ion, join in the stirred reactor with Vltrasonic device with the speed of 400-1000mL/h simultaneously, after three all adds, at reaction temperature 40-60 DEG C, mixing speed 400-1200rpm, supersonic frequency is the preferred 30KHz of 28-32 KHz() react 12-24h under condition, after filtration washing dispersion, obtain nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide (Ni
0.5co
0.2mn
0.3(OH)
2) suspension,
(2) add in step (1) gained suspension and the nickel acetate of the described mixed solution same volume of step (1), same metal total ion concentration, cobalt acetate and manganese acetate mixed aqueous solution, in described nickel acetate, cobalt acetate and manganese acetate mixed aqueous solution, the mol ratio of nickel ion, manganese ion and cobalt ions is 1:1:1, add 2-10g dispersant and 1555g lithium salts again, the preferred 800rpm of low whipping speed 700-900rpm() under condition, be heated to 60-80 DEG C, constant temperature makes solution flash to gel state precursor of nickel-cobalt-lithium-manganese-oxide;
(3) step (2) gained gel state precursor of nickel-cobalt-lithium-manganese-oxide is sintered 4-12h in temperature 200-400 DEG C, then in temperature 800-1000 DEG C of roasting 8-30h, obtain nickle cobalt lithium manganate, chemical formula is LiNi
1/3co
1/3mn
1/3o
2-LiNi
0.5co
0.2mn
0.3o
2.
Further, in step (1), described soluble nickel salt is nickelous sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel acetate or nickel nitrate; Described soluble cobalt is cobaltous sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt acetate or cobalt nitrate; Described soluble manganese salt is manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, manganese acetate or manganese nitrate.
Further, in step (1), described precipitation of hydroxide agent is sodium hydroxide solution, aqua calcis or potassium hydroxide solution.
Further, in step (1), described complexing of metal ion agent is ammonia spirit, sal volatile or ammonium bicarbonate soln.
Further, in step (2), described dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethanol or acetone.
Further, in step (2), described lithium salts is lithium oxalate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, lithium chloride or lithium nitrate.
The LiNi that the present invention obtains
1/3co
1/3mn
1/3o
2-LiNi
0.5co
0.2mn
0.3o
2material granule is even, and pattern rule, specific area is little, and tap density is high, and (tap density reaches 2.62g/cm
3), good processability, electrochemical performance, wherein circulate capability retention after 100 times can up to 99.1%, 1C electric discharge for 0.1C discharge 97.5%, thus greatly improve processing characteristics and the chemical property of product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The SEM collection of illustrative plates of the nickle cobalt lithium manganate composite material of Fig. 1 obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1;
The LiNi of Fig. 2 obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1
1/3co
1/3mn
1/3o
2-LiNi
0.5co
0.2mn
0.3o
2material is first charge-discharge curve chart under 0.1C and 1C condition;
The LiNi of Fig. 3 obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1
1/3co
1/3mn
1/3o
2-LiNi
0.5co
0.2mn
0.3o
2the cyclic curve figure of material under 1C condition.
Embodiment
below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
embodiment 1
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) by nickel ion, manganese ion, cobalt ions mol ratio is that the ratio of 5:3:2 takes nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, manganese sulfate, with deionized water dissolving, preparation 10L metal ion total concentration is the mixed solution of 2mol/L, join in the stirred reactor with Vltrasonic device with the speed of 800mL/h respectively with 50L 5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and 100L 5mol/L ammonia spirit simultaneously, after three all adds, reaction temperature 40 DEG C, mixing speed 800r/min, 16h is reacted under supersonic frequency 30KHz condition, after filtration washing dispersion, obtain the suspension of taupe nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide,
(2) in step (1) gained suspension, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate and the manganese acetate mixed aqueous solution that 10L metal ion total concentration is 2mol/L is added, in described nickel acetate, cobalt acetate and manganese acetate mixed aqueous solution, the mol ratio of nickel ion, manganese ion and cobalt ions is 1:1:1, add 5g polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1555g lithium carbonate again, under low whipping speed 800rpm condition, be heated to 70 DEG C, constant temperature makes solution flash to gel state nickle cobalt lithium manganate precursor;
(3) by step (2) gained gel state nickle cobalt lithium manganate precursor after temperature 300 DEG C sintering 8h, then in temperature 900 DEG C of roasting 20h, obtain the nickle cobalt lithium manganate of excellent performance after screening, its tap density reaches 2.62g/cm
3.Gained nickle cobalt lithium manganate SEM schemes as shown in Figure 1.
The assembling of battery: the nickle cobalt lithium manganate taking 0. 4g gained, add 0.05g acetylene black and make conductive agent and 0.05g NMP(N-methyl pyrrolidone) make binding agent, be coated in after mixing on aluminium foil and make positive plate, be negative pole with metal lithium sheet in vacuum glove box, with Celgard 2300 for barrier film, 1mol/L LiPF
6/ EC: DMC(volume ratio 1: 1) be electrolyte, can be assembled into the button cell of CR2025, charging/discharging voltage scope is 2.75 ~ 4.3V, 0.1C first discharge specific capacity is 168.8mAh/g, 1C first discharge specific capacity is 163.9mAh/g, 1C electric discharge is 97.0% of 0.1C electric discharge, as shown in Figure 2; The capability retention after 100 times that circulates is 99.1%, as shown in Figure 3.
embodiment 2
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) by nickel ion, manganese ion, cobalt ions mol ratio is that the ratio of 5:3:2 takes nickel chloride, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride, with deionized water dissolving, preparation 10L metal ion total concentration is the mixed solution of 2mol/L, join in the stirred reactor with Vltrasonic device with the speed of 400mL/h respectively with 50L 5mol/L aqua calcis and 100L 5mol/L sal volatile simultaneously, after three all adds, reaction temperature 40 DEG C, mixing speed 400r/min, under supersonic frequency 30KHz condition, reaction time is 12h, after filtration washing dispersion, obtain the suspension of taupe nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide,
(2) in step (1) gained suspension, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate and the manganese acetate mixed aqueous solution that 10L metal ion total concentration is 2mol/L is added, in described nickel acetate, cobalt acetate and manganese acetate mixed aqueous solution, the mol ratio of nickel ion, manganese ion and cobalt ions is 1:1:1, add 2g polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1555g lithium carbonate again, under low whipping speed 800rpm condition, be heated to 60 DEG C, constant temperature makes solution flash to gel state nickle cobalt lithium manganate precursor;
(3) by step (2) gained gel state nickle cobalt lithium manganate precursor in temperature 200 DEG C sintering 4h, then at temperature 800 DEG C roasting 8h, obtain nickle cobalt lithium manganate after screening, its tap density is 2.26g/cm
3.
The assembling of battery: the nickle cobalt lithium manganate taking 0. 4g gained, add 0.05g acetylene black and make conductive agent and 0.05g NMP(N-methyl pyrrolidone) make binding agent, be coated in after mixing on aluminium foil and make positive plate, be negative pole with metal lithium sheet in vacuum glove box, with Celgard 2300 for barrier film, 1mol/L LiPF
6/ EC: DMC(volume ratio 1: 1) be electrolyte, can be assembled into the button cell of CR2025, charging/discharging voltage scope is 2.75 ~ 4.3V, 0.1C first discharge specific capacity is 148.1mAh/g, 1C first discharge specific capacity is 126.8 mAh/g, 1C electric discharge for 0.1C discharge 86.0%, the capability retention after 100 times that circulates is 86.2%.
embodiment 3
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) by nickel ion, manganese ion, cobalt ions mol ratio is that the ratio of 5:3:2 takes nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate, with deionized water dissolving, preparation 10L metal ion total concentration is the mixed solution of 2mol/L, join in the stirred reactor with Vltrasonic device with the speed of 1000mL/h respectively with 50L 5mol/L potassium hydroxide solution and 100L 5mol/L ammonium bicarbonate soln simultaneously, after three all adds, it is 60 DEG C in reaction temperature, low whipping speed is 1200r/min, 24h is reacted under supersonic frequency 30KHz condition, after filtration washing dispersion, obtain the suspension of taupe nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide,
(2) in step (1) gained suspension, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate and the manganese acetate mixed aqueous solution that 10L metal ion total concentration is 2mol/L is added, in described nickel acetate, cobalt acetate and manganese acetate mixed aqueous solution, the mol ratio of nickel ion, manganese ion and cobalt ions is 1:1:1, add 10g polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1555g lithium carbonate again, under low whipping speed 800rpm condition, be heated to 80 DEG C, constant temperature makes solution flash to gel state nickle cobalt lithium manganate precursor;
(3) step (2) gained gel state nickle cobalt lithium manganate precursor is sintered 12h in temperature 400 DEG C, then in temperature 1000 DEG C of roasting 30h, the nickle cobalt lithium manganate obtained after screening, its tap density reaches 2.48g/cm
3.
The assembling of battery: the nickle cobalt lithium manganate taking 0. 4g gained, add 0.05g acetylene black and make conductive agent and 0.05g NMP(N-methyl pyrrolidone) make binding agent, be coated in after mixing on aluminium foil and make positive plate, be negative pole with metal lithium sheet in vacuum glove box, with Celgard 2300 for barrier film, 1mol/L LiPF
6/ EC: DMC(volume ratio 1: 1) be electrolyte, can be assembled into the button cell of CR2025, charging/discharging voltage scope is 2.75 ~ 4.3V, 0.1C first discharge specific capacity is 155.2mAh/g, 1C first discharge specific capacity is 145.6 mAh/g, 1C electric discharge for 0.1C discharge 93.8%, the capability retention after 100 times that circulates is 83.4%.