CN103421611A - Method for extracting effective constituents from holy basil - Google Patents
Method for extracting effective constituents from holy basil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103421611A CN103421611A CN2013104088322A CN201310408832A CN103421611A CN 103421611 A CN103421611 A CN 103421611A CN 2013104088322 A CN2013104088322 A CN 2013104088322A CN 201310408832 A CN201310408832 A CN 201310408832A CN 103421611 A CN103421611 A CN 103421611A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting effective constituents from holy basil. Newly-collected holy basil is used as raw materials, and water-soluble effective constituent extractive and essential oil part extractive are obtained through aging treatment, enzymolysis, resin adsorption, holy basil log smoke curing and essential oil extraction through supercritical fluid. An ancient folk technology and a modern leading-edge process are organically bonded in the method, the extracted effective constituents are free of residual solvents, aroma components are not damaged, the effective constituents are completely extracted, and extraction yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extracting method of active ingredient of natural plant, particularly a kind of from Ocimum basilicum L. the method for extracting effective components.
Background technology
Ocimum basilicum L. also claims Lysimachia foenum-graecum (Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance) for Primulaceae Lysimachia plant, and main product is in Yao Autonomous County of Jinxiu, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the Yao Autonomous County of Jianghua, Hunan Province.The name of Ocimum basilicum L. begins to be stated from " the good book on Chinese herbal medicine of helping ", and " Mingyi Bielu " smokes grass.Song's " figure is through book on Chinese herbal medicine " is carried: " Ocimum basilicum L., Jin Hu, ridge Zhu Zhou all has it, gives birth to wetland more.Leaf is as fiber crops, relative in twos, and stem side's gas is as the seedling of xiongqiong, and often to bloom mid-July, to fragrant, also, or cloud, also this is also to smoke grass for ancient so-called smoked grass ".Ocimum basilicum L. contains more organic acid and aromatic series phenol, alcohol, aldehyde, ketone and derivative thereof.This compounds volatilization is slow, fragrant odour, after news, feel immediately easily, and be the stronger major cause of the lasting fixation power of fragrance in Ocimum basilicum L., have " fragrant king's title ", be the expensive perfume base of a kind of generic name.Its effective constituent is essential oil part and water-soluble portion.Essential oil partly contains the composition of volatile oil, be mainly the oxygenatedchemicals class, oxygenatedchemicals accounts for 70% of total composition, its main component is 9,12-18-diolefinic acid, margaric acid, pohytol, butyl phthalate, the undecyl aldehyde etc., be widely used in the industries such as medicine, spices, food, tobacco, weaving, daily-use chemical industry.And contain the triterpenoid saponin compounds of serial oleanane type in water-soluble portion, and there is immunomodulatory, the physiologically active such as antitumor, antiviral, antimycotic, anticancer, be a compounds that has application prospect.
Yet, prior art is mainly solvent method and steam distillation to the extracting method of Ocimum basilicum L. effective constituent, solvent method can produce dissolvent residual, and to the part of the essential oil in extract and water-soluble portion non-selectivity, the solvent recuperation process temperature is higher, and the destructible aroma component also may have certain pollution to environment, technical process is long, length consuming time.The steam distillation temperature is high, the destructible aroma component, and especially to rare spice, the bottom note material is difficult to propose, and extraction yield is low, and resource is caused to waste.For this reason, open day on April 30th, 2003, Chinese invention patent application publication number CNl414077A.Disclosing a kind of extracting method of high quality lingxiang grass purified oil, is to have adopted supercritical CO
2Fluid is that extraction solvent is extracted the Lysimachia foenum-graecum raw material, and extracting solution is again through the cryogenic freezing dewaxing, and the high speed centrifugation separation obtains high quality lingxiang grass purified oil, best extractant condition is: extracting pressure is 12MPa, temperature is 35 ℃, and the time is 1.5h, and flow is 180L/h; Separation condition is: pressure is 5MPa, and temperature is 45 ℃; In the frozen centrifugation dewaxing, freezing temp is-15--20 ℃, and rotating speed is 4000-5000 rev/min.But this technology is by simple supercritical CO
2The fluid extraction means, only be confined to extract small molecules amount essential oil part, and the effective constituent of macromolecule water-soluble portion but is left in the basket; In addition, because Ocimum basilicum L. is a kind of Primulaceae Lysimachia plant, the organic acid in its effective constituent, aromatic series phenol, alcohol, aldehyde, ketone and derivative thereof etc. are containing existing between plant in cell and in intercellular pectin substance, CNl414077A CO
2Fluid extraction, to raw material process be will be first by raw material through pulverizing, yet the particle of this pulverizing can not very carefully injure cell, meticulous powder not only expends power source, and forms and stick with paste diploma thing and stop up conversely CO
2Fluid extraction.So exist extracts active ingredients imperfect, extract yield is lower than 2.0%.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be to provide a kind of from Ocimum basilicum L. the method for extracting effective components.This extracting method collection technology among the people in ancient times and modern forward position technique are organically combined, and gained extracting effective components no solvent residue, do not destroy aroma component, and extracts active ingredients is complete, and extract yield is high.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical programs:
A kind of from Ocimum basilicum L. the method for extracting effective components, the Ocimum basilicum L. of fresh collection of take is raw material, through ripening → enzymolysis → resin absorption → smoke → supercritical fluid extraction of Ocimum basilicum L. log essential oil, obtain aqueous soluble active constituent extract and essential oil extracting section thing; Specifically comprise the steps:
(1) ripening
Gather fresh Ocimum basilicum L. herb, wash away sand, after draining, ageing 3-4 hour, to forge native mud pathogenic dryness;
(2) enzymolysis
Forge the herb after native mud pathogenic dryness, being cut into long broken section of 30-50mm puts in stainless steel vessel, till adding deionized water to alfalfa section and just being immersed in water, add 1000-1500U cellulase and 600-800U polygalacturonase by every kilogram of alfalfa section, with hydrochloric acid adjust pH to 4. 8, fully stir, 42 ℃ of water bath with thermostatic control 4 h, let cool to room temperature, extremely neutral with 0.2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution adjust pH, filtering separation;
(3) resin absorption
Step (2) parting liquid resin absorption; Resin after washing absorption until effluent liquid approach colourless, then the alcoholic solution wash-out that is 50-100% by concentration, the collection elutriant, drying, obtain the Ocimum basilicum L. aqueous soluble active constituent extract of saponin content >=10%, this extract is specially triterpenoid saponin;
(4) the Ocimum basilicum L. log is smoked
The Ocimum basilicum L. slag that step (2) is separated, rinse through water, drains; Cut that to get on mountain bamboo several, length 3-5m, the two halves of riving, wash in a pan empty; The Ocimum basilicum L. slag drained evenly is laid in and washes in a pan in half empty sheet bamboo, stay a little space ventilative, cover other half sheet bamboo, fix as bamboo folder cylinder; It is 5kg that each bamboo folder cylinder is controlled separation slag loading level; The bamboo folder cylinder of the full Ocimum basilicum L. slag of folder is emitted on bamboo bed, is paved with log dried firewood or igniting under bamboo bed and fire-cures, will often stir the position of bamboo folder cylinder while fire-cureing, make it uniform drying; The time of fire-cureing will be seen the firepower size and determine, generally was advisable in 6-8 hour; After fire-cureing, can take out the Ocimum basilicum L. slag fire-cureed and be placed on the ground, spray a little moisture, good with straw mulch, moisture is dissipated, after dry, get final product;
(5) supercritical fluid extraction essential oil
Ocimum basilicum L. slag by fire-cureing, adopted supercritical CO
2Fluid is that extraction solvent is extracted, and extracting solution separates and obtains essential oil extracting section thing through high speed centrifugation again; Supercritical CO
2Extractant condition is: extracting pressure is 17-20MPa, and temperature is 40-42 ℃, and the time is 2-3h, and flow is 250-300L/h; The condition of centrifugation is: rotating speed 6000-7000 rev/min, temperature is normal temperature.
" U " of described step (2) is the enzyme unit that lives, and the 1 U enzyme unit definition of living is: under 50 ℃, pH4.8 condition, 1 minute hydrolysis substrate CMC-Na produces the required enzyme amount of 1 μ g reducing sugar (with glucose meter) and is defined as 1 enzyme unit that lives.
The cellulase of described step (2): mainly formed by circumscribed beta-glucanase, Endo-β-glucanase and beta-glucosidase etc.
The polygalacturonase of described step (2) is the polygalacturonic acid lytic enzyme in essence.
The resin absorption of described step (3) is to select DA201 type styrene type polarity interpolymer macroporous resin adsorption.
The log dried firewood of described step (4) is the bavin of the self-produced trees felling gained of Dayao Mountain; It can be also the dry waste residue of Ocimum basilicum L. after extracting effective components.
The present invention, on the basis of Ocimum basilicum L. Manufacturing Techniques among the people in set ancient times, is organically combined modern forward position extraction process, and the effective constituent that obtains Ocimum basilicum L. has following features:
1) the present invention has increased ripening before implementing enzymolysis step, and its effect is to forge native mud pathogenic dryness, makes xenthophylls transfer lutein ester to, increases fragrance.The xenthophylls that this step has solved in new shade plant Ocimum basilicum L. herb is high, causes the problem that bioavailability is lower;
2) the present invention deposits characteristic according to the effective constituent of Ocimum basilicum L. in containing of plant, creatively utilize the enzymolysis process in modern cutting edge technology, first the cell walls of plant and intercellular pectin substance are destroyed, allow in Ocimum basilicum L. the preferential extract of aqueous soluble active constituent out.Destroyed the Ocimum basilicum L. slag of intercellular pectin substance simultaneously, with ancient times folk art fire-cure, in fact the oxygen containing terpenoid of slaking or oxidation, more 9 to produce, 12-18-diolefinic acid, margaric acid, pohytol, butyl phthalate, the undecyl aldehyde etc.; And make supercritical fluid extraction technique not stop up, extracting and separating is easier.Practical data proves, can improve extract yield and reach more than 2 times, so enzymolysis process and ancient times folk art supercritical fluid extraction technique has been played to the technique effect of synergy;
3) the present invention utilizes supercritical CO
2Extraction step extraction essential oil, have fragrance and approach nature most, and essential oil extracting section thing extracts fully: 50 ℃ of following temperature extract, and do not destroy the advantage of aroma component;
4) technique of the present invention is extracted the effective constituent of Ocimum basilicum L., and yield is high, on average can reach more than 6%, and than the Chinese invention patent application publication number, CNl414077A utilizes separately supercritical CO
2The extraction yield is high more than 5 times.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described below to enumerate a part of specific embodiment, is necessary to be pointed out that at this following specific embodiment, only for the present invention is described further, does not represent limiting the scope of the invention.Some nonessential modifications that other people make according to the present invention and adjustment still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Concrete, implement when of the present invention, technical process is raw material for take the Ocimum basilicum L. of fresh collection, through ripening → enzymolysis → resin absorption → smoke → supercritical fluid extraction of Ocimum basilicum L. log essential oil, obtains aqueous soluble active constituent extract and essential oil extracting section thing.
Embodiment 1
1) extraction of effective constituent from Ocimum basilicum L.
600 kilograms of the Ocimum basilicum L.s of fresh collection, wash away sand, and after wind drains, ageing 3-4 hour, to forge native mud pathogenic dryness; Be cut into after 30-50mm grows broken section and soak 2 hours by 200 kg water.Then be placed in stainless steel vessel, add cellulase and polygalacturonase and extract 4 hours.Filter, collect the effective component extracts in parting liquid liquid, obtain 70 kg water dissolubility effective component extracts products.Ocimum basilicum L. slag after enzymolysis is smoked to 6-8 hour with log, or smoke 10-12 hour with the dry waste residue of Ocimum basilicum L.; Hui Run, obtain 85 kilograms of Ocimum basilicum L. slags that fire-cure; By the Ocimum basilicum L. slag fire-cureed, adopt supercritical CO
2Fluid is that extraction solvent is extracted, and extracting solution separates and obtains essential oil extracting section thing through high speed centrifugation again; Supercritical CO
2Extractant condition is: extracting pressure is 20MPa, and temperature is 42 ℃, and the time is 3h, and flow is 300L/h; The condition of centrifugation is: rotating speed 6000-7000 rev/min, and temperature is normal temperature; Collect extract, obtain the essential oil portioned product of 6.95 kilograms of yellow transparent.Supercritical CO
2Ocimum basilicum L. waste residue after extraction, dry.Can do the Ocimum basilicum L. slag smokes and uses bavin.
2) analysis of Ocimum basilicum L. effective constituent
Adopt thin layer chromatography scanning, with the thick thin layer plate that contains 0.5% CMC-Na (Xylo-Mucine) silica gel of self-control 0.5mm, take trichloromethane-methanol-water (mass ratio 80: 35: 10) as launching medicament, dual wavelength reflection method zigzag scanning, λ
s=260mm, λ
R=260mm, SX=3, slit 0.4mm * 0.4mm, the average extract yield 12.7% of Ocimum basilicum L. aqueous soluble active constituent triterpenoid saponin, the average extract yield 8.1% of the oxygen containing terpenoid essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L..
Embodiment 2
1) extraction of effective constituent from Ocimum basilicum L.
500 kilograms of the Ocimum basilicum L.s of fresh collection, wash away sand, and after wind drains, ageing 4 hours, to forge native mud pathogenic dryness; Be cut into after 30mm grows broken section and use double centner water soaking 2 hours.Then be placed in stainless steel vessel, add cellulase and polygalacturonase and extract 4 hours.Filter, collect the effective component extracts in parting liquid liquid, obtain 61 kg water dissolubility effective component extracts products.Ocimum basilicum L. slag after enzymolysis is smoked to 6-8 hour with log, or smoke 10-12 hour with the dry waste residue of Ocimum basilicum L.; Hui Run, obtain 72 kilograms of Ocimum basilicum L. slags that fire-cure; By the Ocimum basilicum L. slag fire-cureed, with ethanol, as the polar solvent entrainment agent, adopt supercritical CO
2Fluid is that extraction solvent is extracted, and extracting solution separates and obtains essential oil extracting section thing through high speed centrifugation again; Supercritical CO
2Extractant condition is: extracting pressure is 18MPa, and temperature is 41 ℃, and the time is 3h, and flow is 250L/h; The condition of centrifugation is: rotating speed 6000-7000 rev/min, and temperature is normal temperature; Collect extract, obtain the essential oil portioned product of 6.84 kilograms of yellow transparent.Supercritical CO
2Ocimum basilicum L. waste residue after extraction, dry, and can do the Ocimum basilicum L. slag and smoke and use bavin.
2) analysis of Ocimum basilicum L. effective constituent
Adopt thin layer chromatography scanning, with the thick thin layer plate that contains 0.5% CMC-Na (Xylo-Mucine) silica gel of self-control 0.5mm, take trichloromethane-methanol-water (mass ratio 80: 35: 10) as launching medicament, dual wavelength reflection method zigzag scanning, λ
s=260mm, λ
R=260mm, SX=3, slit 0.4mm * 0.4mm, the average extract yield 12.7% of Ocimum basilicum L. aqueous soluble active constituent triterpenoid saponin, the average extract yield 9.4% of the oxygen containing terpenoid essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L..Explanation is at supercritical CO
2In the extraction process step, add the polar solvent entrainment agent can significantly improve extract yield.
Claims (5)
1. the method for an extracting effective components from Ocimum basilicum L., it is characterized in that: the Ocimum basilicum L. of fresh collection of take is raw material, through ripening → enzymolysis → resin absorption → smoke → supercritical fluid extraction of Ocimum basilicum L. log essential oil, obtain aqueous soluble active constituent extract and essential oil extracting section thing; Specifically comprise the steps:
(1) ripening
Gather fresh Ocimum basilicum L. herb, wash away sand, after draining, ageing 3-4 hour, to forge native mud pathogenic dryness;
(2) enzymolysis
Forge the herb after native mud pathogenic dryness, being cut into long broken section of 30-50mm puts in stainless steel vessel, till adding deionized water to alfalfa section and just being immersed in water, add 1000-1500U cellulase and 600-800U polygalacturonase by every kilogram of alfalfa section, with hydrochloric acid adjust pH to 4. 8, fully stir, 42 ℃ of water bath with thermostatic control 4 h, let cool to room temperature, extremely neutral with 0.2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution adjust pH, filtering separation;
(3) resin absorption
Step (2) parting liquid resin absorption; Resin after washing absorption until effluent liquid approach colourless, then the alcoholic solution wash-out that is 50-100% by concentration, the collection elutriant, drying, obtain the Ocimum basilicum L. aqueous soluble active constituent extract of saponin content >=10%, this extract is specially triterpenoid saponin;
(4) the Ocimum basilicum L. log is smoked
The Ocimum basilicum L. slag that step (2) is separated, rinse through water, drains; Cut that to get on mountain bamboo several, length 3-5m, the two halves of riving, wash in a pan empty; The Ocimum basilicum L. slag drained evenly is laid in and washes in a pan in half empty sheet bamboo, stay a little space ventilative, cover other half sheet bamboo, fix as bamboo folder cylinder; It is 5kg that each bamboo folder cylinder is controlled separation slag loading level; The bamboo folder cylinder of the full Ocimum basilicum L. slag of folder is emitted on bamboo bed, is paved with log dried firewood or igniting under bamboo bed and fire-cures, will often stir the position of bamboo folder cylinder while fire-cureing, make it uniform drying; The time of fire-cureing will be seen the firepower size and determine, generally was advisable in 6-8 hour; After fire-cureing, can take out the Ocimum basilicum L. slag fire-cureed and be placed on the ground, spray a little moisture, good with straw mulch, moisture is dissipated, after dry, get final product;
(5) supercritical fluid extraction essential oil
Ocimum basilicum L. slag by fire-cureing, adopted supercritical CO
2Fluid is that extraction solvent is extracted, and extracting solution separates and obtains essential oil extracting section thing through high speed centrifugation again; Supercritical CO
2Extractant condition is: extracting pressure is 17-20MPa, and temperature is 40-42 ℃, and the time is 2-3h, and flow is 250-300L/h; The condition of centrifugation is: rotating speed 6000-7000 rev/min, temperature is normal temperature.
According to claim 1 from Ocimum basilicum L. the method for extracting effective components, it is characterized in that; The cellulase of described step (2): mainly formed by circumscribed beta-glucanase, Endo-β-glucanase and beta-glucosidase etc.; The polygalacturonase of described step (2) is the polygalacturonic acid lytic enzyme in essence.
According to claim 1 from Ocimum basilicum L. the method for extracting effective components, it is characterized in that; The resin absorption of described step (3) is to select DA201 type styrene type polarity interpolymer macroporous resin adsorption.
According to claim 1 from Ocimum basilicum L. the method for extracting effective components, it is characterized in that; The log dried firewood of described step (4) is the bavin of the self-produced trees felling gained of Dayao Mountain.
According to claim 1 from Ocimum basilicum L. the method for extracting effective components, it is characterized in that; The log dried firewood of described step (4) is the dry waste residue of Ocimum basilicum L. after extracting effective components.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN105861563A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-17 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for preparing lysimachia foenum-graecum herb composite perfume through synthesis technology and application thereof |
| CN107231788A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-10-03 | 南部大学产学协力团 | Contain holy basil extract as the composition for preventing and treating citrus diplostomiasis of active ingredient, microcapsules and utilize its citrus diplostomiasis prevention and controls |
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| CN107231788A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-10-03 | 南部大学产学协力团 | Contain holy basil extract as the composition for preventing and treating citrus diplostomiasis of active ingredient, microcapsules and utilize its citrus diplostomiasis prevention and controls |
| CN105861563A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-17 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for preparing lysimachia foenum-graecum herb composite perfume through synthesis technology and application thereof |
| CN105861563B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2019-03-19 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of complex art prepares the method and its application of Guanling perfume (or spice) banana aldehyde |
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