CN103418348A - Oxidized graphene-rhamnolipid composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Oxidized graphene-rhamnolipid composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oxidized graphene-rhamnolipid composite material which is black gray powder and is of a laminar multi-hole nano structure. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the composite material. The preparation method includes the following steps that oxidized graphene is added into a dispersing agent, and oxidized graphene mixed liquor is formed after ultrasonic dispersion; rhamnolipid, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethyl amino propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and 4-dimethylamino pyridine are added into the mixed liquor, then the ultrasonic reaction is performed, and a certain amount of absolute methanol is added and mixed for generating sediments; the sediments are washed and centrifuged, and finally the oxidized graphene-rhamnolipid composite material is prepared through vacuum freeze drying. The invention further relates to application, in aspect of cationic dye absorption, of the composite material prepared through the method. The prepared composite material is low in biological toxicity and not prone to agglomeration, the preparation method is simple and easy to carry out, and in the process of the cationic dye absorption, the prepared composite material has the advantages of being free of secondary pollution and enabling solids and liquids to be separated easily.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material preparation and field of environment protection, be specifically related to the application of a kind of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite and preparation method thereof and Liquidity limit type dye.
Background technology
Along with expanding economy, dyestuff is widely used in the fields such as textile, leather, food, coating, printing ink and rubber, and therefore, the environmental problem that China's waste water from dyestuff causes also becomes increasingly conspicuous.Most of dyestuffs have very strong chemical stability and bio-refractory, therefore can have for a long time and cause serious environmental pollution in water body.At present, in order to reduce the pollution of waste water from dyestuff to environment, the methods such as photocatalytic degradation, membrane filtration, flocculation and precipitation, electrochemical techniques and absorption are applied in the decolouring processing of waste water from dyestuff.Absorption method processes that dye wastewater is simple to operate because having, the characteristics such as effluent quality is good come into one's own after small investment, processing, but most of adsorbent is low because of adsorption capacity, the reasons such as the pollutant removal amount is few can not be widely used in the processing procedure of factory's waste water from dyestuff, and the key that improves the method is that exploitation is more efficient, the sorbent material of environmental protection.
In recent years, carbon nanomaterial, the adsorbents such as ion-exchange fibre and natural minerals (diatomite, bentonite) are applied in the processing procedure of waste water from dyestuff.Graphene oxide in carbon nanomaterial has great specific area because of it, and the surface contain a large amount of functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, waste water from dyestuff is had to good absorption property.Yet, because graphene oxide has water-solublely, being difficult to it is separated from treatment fluid, residual graphene oxide is difficult to again be discharged by kidney after entering human body, therefore can bring out the diseases such as Granuloma in lung.Graphene oxide composite material has a wide range of applications field, and its surface modification has also become another research emphasis, comprises polymer class composite and inorganic matter class composite.At present, the research of existing composite of being combined with materials such as shitosan, polyether sulfone and calcium alginates about graphene oxide both at home and abroad, and applied in the processing procedure of waste water from dyestuff, but exist adsorbance low, the defects such as treatment effect is not good, and bio-toxicity is large.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of bio-toxicity low, be difficult for reuniting, to cationic dyes there is high absorption capacity, the preparation method is simple to operate, and adsorption treatment process non-secondary pollution, be easy to the graphene oxide of Separation of Solid and Liquid-rhamnolipid composite and preparation method thereof and application.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite, described composite is that black gray expandable is Powdered, has layered porous nanostructured, interlamellar spacing is that between 0.87nm～1.03nm, aperture is between 2nm～10nm.
As a total technical conceive, the present invention also provides the preparation method of a kind of above-mentioned graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite, comprises the following steps:
Graphene oxide is added in dispersant, after the ultrasonic 1h of peeling off～2h, form graphene oxide liquid mixture; Add the raw material rhamnolipid again in graphene oxide liquid mixture, reach catalyst 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and DMAP (DMAP) and mix, after 25 ℃～45 ℃ lower ultrasonic reaction 2h～4h, then add absolute methanol to stir to produce precipitation; By absolute ethanol washing for precipitated product, centrifugal after, then use the deionized water washing and filtering, finally vacuum freeze drying 2d～3d under-110 ℃ of conditions, make graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite.
As a further improvement on the present invention,
Described graphene oxide is to be made by the Hummers method by graphite, the mass content of described rhamnolipid >=90%.
Described dispersant is any one in dimethyl formamide, acetone, oxolane or dichloroethanes, the volume of dispersant and the mass ratio of graphene oxide are 0.5: 1～1: 1, wherein the volume of dispersant is in milliliter, and the quality of graphene oxide is in milligram.
The mass ratio of described graphene oxide, rhamnolipid, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and DMAP is 1: (2～4): (4～6): (0.8～1).
Described absolute methanol and dispersant volume ratio are 1: 3～2: 3, and mixing time is 15min～20min.
During described precipitated product centrifugal treating, rotating speed is 8000rpm～11000rpm, and centrifugation time is 10min～15min.
In addition, the present invention also provides the application of a kind of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite, and described graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite is for the Liquidity limit type dye.
Described application specifically comprises the following steps: it is 50mg/L～400mg/L that graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite is added to concentration, in the cationic dyes solution of pH=7～7.3, the composite consumption is 0.2g/L～1g/L, in 25 ℃, 170rpm thermostat water bath, vibrate after 5min～24h, after getting processing, solution is crossed 0.22 μ m water system filter membrane, completes the absorption of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to cationic dyes.
Described cationic dyes comprises methylene blue, crystal violet or malachite green.
The present invention utilizes graphene oxide surface carboxyl, oh group, under the effect of catalyst EDC/DMAP, esterification occurs with contained hydroxyl, the carboxyl of rhanolipid as biosurfactant respectively, mode combination by covalent bond, rhamnolipid is covalently bound to the graphene oxide synusia, obtains graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Graphene oxide of the present invention-rhamnolipid composite bio-toxicity is low, there is the oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl on the rhamnolipid chain, carboxyl, than graphene oxide, surface is more smooth, be difficult for reuniting, there is huge specific area, cationic dyes in water body is had to extremely strong suction-operated.
Graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite preparation process is simple, can reduce surperficial carboxyl and the hydroxyl that can cause the graphene oxide bio-toxicity.
Simultaneously, graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite has high absorption property to cationic dyes in water body, processing procedure is easy to operate, adsorbance is large, non-secondary pollution, be easy to Separation of Solid and Liquid, the decolouring that can be applicable to Wastewater Dyes is processed, and to developing the functionalization graphene oxide and being applied to the environmental area tool, is of great significance.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of graphene oxide in the embodiment of the present invention 2-rhamnolipid composite.
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope picture of graphene oxide in the embodiment of the present invention 2-rhamnolipid composite.
Fig. 3 is graphene oxide and graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite Fourier infrared spectrogram in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 4 is that graphene oxide in the embodiment of the present invention 2-rhamnolipid composite is to water body methylene blue adsorption number amount, clearance and composite dosage graph of relation.
Fig. 5 is that graphene oxide in the embodiment of the present invention 3-rhamnolipid composite is to water body crystal violet adsorbance, clearance and composite dosage graph of relation.
Fig. 6 is that graphene oxide in the embodiment of the present invention 4-rhamnolipid composite is to water body malachite green adsorbance, clearance and composite dosage graph of relation.
Fig. 7 is the adsorption isotherm line chart of graphene oxide in the embodiment of the present invention 5-rhamnolipid composite to methylene blue.
Fig. 8 is the adsorbance temporal evolution graph of relation of graphene oxide in the embodiment of the present invention 6-rhamnolipid composite to methylene blue.
The specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, with concrete preferred embodiment, the invention will be further described, but protection domain not thereby limiting the invention.
Graphene oxide of the present invention-rhamnolipid composite, this composite is that black gray expandable is Powdered, has layered porous nanostructured, and interlamellar spacing is 0.87nm～1.03nm, and aperture is between 2nm～10nm.This graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite bio-toxicity is low, is difficult for reuniting, and has relatively smooth surface and huge specific area, and cationic dyes in water body is had to extremely strong suction-operated.
Embodiment 1:
The application of the preparation method of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite and absorption methylene blue dye.
(1) preparation of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite: take graphene oxide 100mg and join in the 100ml dimethyl formamide, form graphene oxide liquid mixture after the ultrasonic 1h of peeling off, again to add the 400mg mass content in graphene oxide liquid mixture be 90% rhamnolipid, 400mg EDC and 80mg DMAP and mix, after 25 ℃～45 ℃ ultrasonic reaction 3h, then add the 50ml absolute methanol to stir 15min to produce precipitation; By precipitated product with after absolute ethanol washing, centrifugal 15min under the 10000rpm condition, then use the deionized water washing and filtering, finally vacuum freeze drying 3d under-110 ℃ of conditions, obtain graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite.
(2) application of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite absorption methylene blue dye: in the aqueous solution of methylene blue that to take 10mg graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite be 200mg/L, pH=7.0 in 25ml, concentration, after being placed in 25 ℃, the thermostat water bath of 170rpm vibration 24h, after getting the 10ml processing, solution is crossed 0.22 μ m water system filter membrane, completes absorption.And then adopt the ultraviolet light absorption photometry to measure methylene blue count in wavelength 665nm place, and calculate adsorbance and the clearance of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to methylene blue.
Result shows, graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite is that black gray expandable is Powdered, has layered porous nanostructured, interlamellar spacing is between 0.87nm～1.03nm,, between 2nm～10nm, be difficult for reuniting in aperture, has the oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl on the rhamnolipid chain, carboxyl.Graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite is 398.60mg/g to the adsorbance of methylene blue, and clearance is 79.72%.
Embodiment 2:
The application of the preparation method of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite and absorption methylene blue dye.
(1) preparation of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite: take graphene oxide 100mg and join in the 100ml dimethyl formamide, form graphene oxide liquid mixture after the ultrasonic 1h of peeling off, again to add the 300mg mass content in graphene oxide liquid mixture be 90% rhamnolipid, 500mg EDC and 100mg DMAP and mix, after 25 ℃～45 ℃ ultrasonic reaction 3h, then add the 60ml absolute methanol to stir 15min to produce precipitation; By precipitated product with after absolute ethanol washing, centrifugal 15min under the 10000rpm condition, then use the deionized water washing and filtering, finally vacuum freeze drying 2d under-110 ℃ of conditions, obtain graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite.The graphene oxide that above-mentioned steps is made-rhamnolipid composite carries out ESEM, transmission electron microscope and Fourier's infrared spectrum analysis, result respectively
(2) absorption of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to methylene blue: in the aqueous solution of methylene blue that to take respectively 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite be 200mg/L, pH=7.3 in 25ml, concentration, after being placed in 25 ℃, the thermostat water bath of 170rpm vibration 24h, after getting the 10ml processing, solution is crossed 0.22 μ m water system filter membrane, completes absorption.And then adopt the ultraviolet light absorption photometry to measure methylene blue count in wavelength 665nm place, and calculate adsorbance and the clearance of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to methylene blue, acquired results is as shown in Figure 4.
Result shows, graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite has layered porous nanostructured as shown in Figure 1, interlamellar spacing is 0.87nm～1.03nm, aperture is between 2nm～10nm, its surface is relatively smooth only has a small amount of fold, shows that graphene oxide-the difficult of rhamnolipid composite reunite.This composite has surface and the multilayer layered nano-structure of smoother as shown in Figure 2, illustrates that graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite stability in water body strengthens, and is difficult for reuniting.As shown in Figure 3, graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite contains OH(3427cm
-1), C=O(1678cm
-1), C=C(1645cm
-1), C-O-C(1066cm
-1) etc. functional group and rhamnolipid characteristic chemical bond C-H(1456cm
-1).
Graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to methylene blue the maximum adsorption ability be 656.23mg/g, graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to the clearance of methylene blue up to 97.66%.
Embodiment 3:
The application of the preparation method of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite and absorption dye methyl violet.
(1) preparation of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite: take graphene oxide 100mg and join in the 100ml dimethyl formamide, form graphene oxide liquid mixture after the ultrasonic 1h of peeling off, again to add the 200mg mass content in graphene oxide liquid mixture be 90% rhamnolipid, 600mg EDC and 100mg DMAP and mix, after 25 ℃～45 ℃ ultrasonic reaction 3h, then add the 50ml absolute methanol to stir 15min to produce precipitation; By precipitated product with after absolute ethanol washing, centrifugal 15min under the 10000rpm condition, then use the deionized water washing and filtering, finally vacuum freeze drying 3d under-110 ℃ of conditions, obtain graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite.
(2) absorption of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to crystal violet: in the crystal violet aqueous solution that to take respectively 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite be 200mg/L, pH=7 in 25ml, concentration, after being placed in 25 ℃, the thermostat water bath of 170rpm vibration 24h, after getting the 10ml processing, solution is crossed 0.22 μ m water system filter membrane, completes absorption.And then adopt the ultraviolet light absorption photometry to measure crystal violet content in wavelength 608nm place, and calculate adsorbance and the clearance of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to crystal violet, acquired results is as shown in Figure 5.
Result shows, graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to crystal violet the maximum adsorption ability be 327.80mg/g, maximum material removal rate is 96.93%.
Embodiment 4:
The application of the preparation method of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite and absorption malachite green dyestuff.
(1) preparation of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite: take graphene oxide 200mg and join in the 100ml dimethyl formamide, form graphene oxide liquid mixture after the ultrasonic 1h of peeling off, again to add the 600mg mass content in graphene oxide liquid mixture be 90% rhamnolipid, 1000mg EDC and 200mg DMAP and mix, after 25 ℃～45 ℃ ultrasonic reaction 3h, then add the 50ml absolute methanol to stir 15min to produce precipitation; By precipitated product with after absolute ethanol washing, centrifugal 15min under the 10000rpm condition, then use the deionized water washing and filtering, finally vacuum freeze drying 3d under-110 ℃ of conditions, obtain graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite.
(2) absorption of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to malachite green: in the malachite green aqueous solution that to take respectively 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite be 200mg/L, pH=7 in 25ml, concentration, after being placed in 25 ℃, 170rpm thermostat water bath vibration 24h; After getting the 10ml processing, solution is crossed 0.22 μ m water system filter membrane, completes absorption.And then adopt the ultraviolet light absorption photometry to measure malachite green content at wavelength 581nm place, and calculate graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to malachite green adsorbance and clearance, acquired results is as shown in Figure 6.
Result shows, graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to malachite green the maximum adsorption ability be 305.27mg/g, maximum material removal rate is 80.84%.
Embodiment 5:
The application of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite absorption methylene blue dye.
Take respectively 10mg graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite (obtained by embodiment 2 steps (1)) and be added to 25ml, concentration is respectively 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 150mg/L, 200mg/L, 250mg/L, 300mg/L, 350mg/L, 400mg/L, in the aqueous solution of methylene blue of pH=7, be placed in 25 ℃, the 170rpm thermostat water bath 24h that vibrates, after getting the 10ml processing, solution is crossed 0.22 μ m water system filter membrane, completes absorption.And then adopt the ultraviolet light absorption photometry to measure methylene blue count at wavelength 665nm place, and draw methylene blue adsorption number equilibrium concentration Ce(mg/L) and composite equilibrium adsorption capacity q
e(mg/g), graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to the methylene blue adsorption number thermoisopleth as shown in Figure 7.
Result shows, graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite meets Forlan Freundlich (Freundlich) adsorption isotherm model to the adsorption process of methylene blue.
Embodiment 6:
The application of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite absorption methylene blue dye.
The methylene blue solution that preparation 500ml concentration is 200mg/L is in conical flask, regulator solution pH=7, taking 200mg graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite (obtained by embodiment 2 steps (1)) is added in methylene blue solution, in 25 ℃, 170rpm thermostat water bath, react, get the 1ml sample respectively at 5min, 10min, 20min, 30 min, 45 min, 1h, 1.5 h, 2.5 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h, 14 h, 16 h, 24 h, cross 0.22 μ m water system filter membrane, complete absorption.And then adopt the ultraviolet light absorption photometry to use and measure methylene blue count in wavelength 665nm place, and calculate the adsorbance of methylene blue, the variation relation of adsorbance and time is as shown in Figure 8.
Result shows, graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite meets the secondary absorption kinetic model to the adsorption process of methylene blue.
In above embodiment, given dimethyl formamide, dispersant also can be any one in acetone, oxolane or dichloroethanes.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention also not only is confined to above-described embodiment.All technical schemes belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Be noted that for those skilled in the art, improvements and modifications under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite, it is characterized in that: described composite is that black gray expandable is Powdered, has layered porous nanostructured, interlamellar spacing is that between 0.87nm～1.03nm, aperture is between 2nm～10nm.
2. the preparation method of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: graphene oxide is added in dispersant, after the ultrasonic 1h of peeling off～2h, form graphene oxide liquid mixture; Add the raw material rhamnolipid again in graphene oxide liquid mixture, reach catalyst 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and DMAP and mix, after 25 ℃～45 ℃ lower ultrasonic reaction 2h～4h, then add absolute methanol to stir to produce precipitation; By absolute ethanol washing for precipitated product, centrifugal after, then use the deionized water washing and filtering, finally vacuum freeze drying 2d～3d under-110 ℃ of conditions, make graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite.
3. the preparation method of graphene oxide according to claim 2-rhamnolipid composite, it is characterized in that: described graphene oxide is to be made by the Hummers method by graphite, the mass content of described rhamnolipid >=90%.
4. the preparation method of graphene oxide according to claim 2-rhamnolipid composite, it is characterized in that: described dispersant is any one in dimethyl formamide, acetone, oxolane or dichloroethanes, the volume of dispersant and the mass ratio of graphene oxide are 0.5: 1～1: 1, wherein the volume of dispersant is in milliliter, and the quality of graphene oxide is in milligram.
5. according to the preparation method of claim 2 or 3 or 4 described graphene oxides-rhamnolipid composite, it is characterized in that: the mass ratio of described graphene oxide, rhamnolipid, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and DMAP is 1: (2～4): (4～6): (0.8～1).
6. the preparation method of graphene oxide according to claim 5-rhamnolipid composite, it is characterized in that: described absolute methanol and dispersant volume ratio are 1: 3～2: 3, mixing time is 15min～20min.
7. the preparation method of graphene oxide according to claim 2-rhamnolipid composite, it is characterized in that: during described precipitated product centrifugal treating, rotating speed is 8000rpm～11000rpm, centrifugation time is 10min～15min.
8. the application of graphene oxide as claimed in claim 1-rhamnolipid composite or the graphene oxide for preparing as method as described in claim 2～7 any one-rhamnolipid composite, it is characterized in that: described graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite is for the Liquidity limit type dye.
9. the application of graphene oxide according to claim 8-rhamnolipid composite, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: it is 50mg/L～400mg/L that graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite is added to concentration, in the cationic dyes solution of pH=7～7.3, the composite consumption is 0.2g/L～1g/L, in 25 ℃, 170rpm thermostat water bath, vibrate after 5min～24h, after getting processing, solution is crossed 0.22 μ m water system filter membrane, completes the absorption of graphene oxide-rhamnolipid composite to cationic dyes.
10. the application of graphene oxide according to claim 9-rhamnolipid composite, it is characterized in that: described cationic dyes comprises methylene blue, crystal violet or malachite green.
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| CN114130370A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-04 | 衡阳师范学院 | Chitosan and rhamnolipid compound and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114130370B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-12-01 | 衡阳师范学院 | Chitosan and rhamnolipid complex as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114522243A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-24 | 江南大学 | Preparation method and anti-oxidation application of rhamnolipid/fullerene composite material |
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