CN103414338B - Bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit and converting means - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit and device, relate to field of power electronics, the power loss of switching tube can be reduced, Lifting Transform efficiency.Described translation circuit is arranged between the first DC source and the second DC source, comprise: the bus capacitor of the first electric capacity and the second capacitances in series composition, the first half-bridge topology that first switching tube and second switch pipe are composed in series, the second half-bridge topology that 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are composed in series and first, second inductance, the two ends of bus capacitor are connected to the positive and negative two ends of the first DC source; First half-bridge topology one end is connected to the anode of the first DC source, and other end intermediate node is connected, and the other end be connected with intermediate node is also connected with the negative terminal of the second DC source, and half-bridge mid point connects the anode of the second DC source by the first inductance; One end of second half-bridge topology connects the negative terminal of the first DC source, and the other end connects the anode of the second DC source, and half-bridge mid point connects the negative terminal of the second DC source by the second inductance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power electronics, particularly relate to a kind of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit and converting means.
Background technology
Bidirectional, dc is to DC converting (bi-directional DCDC converter, bidirectional DC/DC converts) module (or circuit), be the technology a kind of direct current energy being converted to another kind of form direct current energy, mainly conversion realized to voltage, electric current.It is widely used in fields such as regenerative resource, electric power system, traffic, space flight and aviation, computer and communication, household electrical appliance, defence and military, Industry Control.
Such as, bidirectional DC/DC conversion (bi-directional DCDC converter) module can be used for shown in Fig. 1 from consumption systems.Refer to oneself build Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) from consumption systems, its electric energy produced is that electric equipment is powered, for home services, namely generate power for their own use, it is the developing direction of distributed generation system, it comprises: photovoltaic module 11, power transfer (comprising: DC-to-DC power conversion modules 121, direct current is to AC power conversion module 122, bidirectional, dc is to direct current power conversion module 123), energy-storage system 13 (battery), distribution 14 (Switch), load 15 (household electrical appliance), public electric wire net 16, operation principle is: daytime, photovoltaic module 11 works, solar energy is powered to load 15, and store energy in energy-storage system 13, if energy-storage system 13 is full of, unnecessary electric energy can be transported to public electric wire net 16, in evening, under public electric wire net 16 disconnects, energy-storage system 13 discharges to power to load 15.Wherein, the solar DC low pressure that photovoltaic module 11 was collected by DC-to-DC power conversion modules 121 raises as high direct voltage after boost conversion, can normally work to AC power conversion module 122 to make step-down type dc; Direct current, to AC power conversion module 122 i.e. inversion conversion module, is converted to alternating current and powers to AC load by direct current; Bidirectional, dc, to direct current power conversion module 123, completes charging control and the control of discharge function of battery.
Bidirectional DC/DC conversion module can realize two functions of battery charging and discharging on same circuit, as shown in Figure 2, is the existing bidirectional DC/DC conversion module of one: switching tube S
1and S
3the half-bridge topology of composition is in parallel with bus capacitor C, and the half-bridge mid point of half-bridge topology is connected to DC source (i.e. battery) by inductance L 1.The operation principle of bidirectional DC/DC conversion module is as follows: during battery charging, half-bridge topology and inductance convert work with buck topology and Buck, during battery discharge, half-bridge topology and inductance convert work with Boost topology and Boost, two switching tubes in half-bridge topology are HF switch, these two switching tube alternations.In addition, bidirectional DC/DC conversion module also comprises: switching tube S
2and S
4form another half-bridge topology, with switching tube S
1and S
3the half-bridge topology of composition is in parallel, and object is the transform power improving bidirectional DC/DC conversion module.
Inventor finds existing bidirectional DC/DC conversion module, and at least there are the following problems: the duty ratio of circuit topology is little, peak current is large, cause inductance, switching tube loss large, the conversion efficiency of whole bidirectional DC/DC conversion module is low, such as, according to 48V battery, during the voltage bus of 400 ~ 600V, duty ratio only has about 0.1; And duty ratio is too small, also conversion module poor dynamic can be caused.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit and converting means, dynamic characteristic is good, also can reduce the power loss of switching tube simultaneously, Lifting Transform efficiency.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
First aspect, embodiments of the invention provide a kind of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, be arranged between the first DC source and the second DC source, bidirectionally to the first DC source or the second DC source supply direct current power, described bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, comprise: the bus capacitor of the first electric capacity and the second capacitances in series composition, the first half-bridge topology that first switching tube and second switch pipe are composed in series, the second half-bridge topology that 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are composed in series, and first inductance and the second inductance
The two ends of described bus capacitor are connected to the positive and negative two ends of described first DC source;
One end of described first half-bridge topology is connected to the anode of described first DC source, the other end is connected with the intermediate node between described first electric capacity and described second electric capacity, the other end be connected with described intermediate node is also connected with the negative terminal of described second DC source, and the half-bridge mid point of described first half-bridge topology is connected to the anode of described second DC source by described first inductance;
One end of described second half-bridge topology is connected to the negative terminal of described first DC source, and the other end is connected to the anode of described second DC source, and the half-bridge mid point of described second half-bridge topology is connected to the negative terminal of described second DC source by described second inductance.
In conjunction with first aspect, in the first possible implementation of first aspect, the two ends of the arbitrary switching tube in described first, second, third and fourth switching tube are parallel with diode or Diode series group, and described Diode series group is mutually connected by multiple diode and formed.
In conjunction with the first possible implementation of first aspect, described in the implementation that the second is possible diode be following in any one:
Schottky diode, fast recovery diode, silicone tube diode, silicon carbide diode.
In conjunction with the implementation that the first or the second of first aspect or first aspect are possible, in the implementation that the third is possible, the arbitrary switching tube in described first, second, third and fourth switching tube be following in any one:
Field-effect transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor, triode or thyristor.
In conjunction with first, second, third kind of first aspect or first aspect possible implementation, in the 4th kind of possible implementation, described second DC source be following in any one: battery, solar panels, capacitor.
In conjunction with any one possible implementation of first aspect or first aspect, in the 5th kind of possible implementation, described bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit also comprises:
The 3rd half-bridge topology that one or more and described first half-bridge topology is identical, the 3rd inductance that one or more and described first inductance is identical, and,
The 4th half-bridge topology that one or more and described second half-bridge topology is identical, the 4th inductance that one or more and described second inductance is identical;
One end of described 3rd half-bridge topology is all connected to the anode of described first DC source, the other end is all connected with the intermediate node between described first electric capacity and described second electric capacity, and the half-bridge mid point of described 3rd half-bridge topology is all connected to the anode of described second DC source by described 3rd inductance;
One end of described 4th half-bridge topology is all connected to the negative terminal of described first DC source, the other end is all connected to the anode of described second DC source, and the half-bridge mid point of described 4th half-bridge topology is all connected to the negative terminal of described second DC source by described 4th inductance.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of bidirectional DC/DC converting means, comprises the bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit described in any one.
Bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit provided by the invention and converting means, during battery charging, the half-bridge topology that first switching tube and second switch pipe form and the first inductance convert work with buck topology and Buck, and the half-bridge topology that the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube form and the second inductance convert work with Boost topology and Boost; During battery discharge, the half-bridge topology that the first switching tube and second switch pipe form and the first inductance convert work with Boost topology and Boost, and the half-bridge topology that the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube form and the second inductance convert work with buck topology and Buck.During because of battery charge or discharge, have first, second two half-bridge topologies to carry out dividing potential drop, the voltage at switching tube two ends is minimized, thus improves duty ratio.If PWM (Pulse WidthModulation) pattern is identical, in switch periods, under the prerequisite that average current is identical, duty ratio is larger, and its current peak is less, and namely the transient current of switching tube when switch is less; And due to the dividing potential drop of first, second two half-bridge topologies, the voltage at switching tube two ends reduces; The instantaneous voltage of less switch transient current and lower switch reduces making the switching loss of switching tube, thus the conversion efficiency of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit and device is improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation from consumption systems;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of existing bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit;
The schematic diagram of the bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 4 (a) ~ Fig. 4 (d) is respectively the working state schematic representation of the translation circuit of bidirectional DC/DC shown in Fig. 3;
The schematic diagram of the DCDC translation circuit that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention two.
Accompanying drawing explanation
11-photovoltaic module, 121-DC-to-DC power conversion modules,
122-direct current to AC power conversion module, 123-bidirectional, dc to direct current power conversion module,
13-energy-storage system, 14-distribution, 15-load, 16-public electric wire net;
S
1-switching tube, S
2-switching tube, S
3-switching tube, S
4-switching tube, L
1-inductance, L
2-inductance, C-electric capacity;
21-first DC source, 22-second DC source, C1-first electric capacity, C2-second electric capacity,
S1-first switching tube, S2-second switch pipe, S3-the 3rd switching tube, S4-the 4th switching tube,
L1-first inductance, L2-second inductance, L3-the 3rd inductance, L4-the 4th inductance,
A-intermediate node, the half-bridge mid point of B-first half-bridge topology, the half-bridge mid point of D-second half-bridge topology,
The half-bridge mid point of E-the 3rd half-bridge topology, the half-bridge mid point of F-the 4th half-bridge topology.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other embodiments all obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, as shown in Figure 3, bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit is arranged between the first DC source 21 and the second DC source 22, bidirectionally supply direct current power to the first DC source 21 or the second DC source 22, as shown in Figure 1, described bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit comprises: the bus capacitor that the first electric capacity C1 and the second electric capacity C2 is composed in series, the first half-bridge topology that first switching tube S1 and second switch pipe S2 is composed in series, the second half-bridge topology that 3rd switching tube S3 and the 4th switching tube S4 is composed in series and the first inductance L 1 and the second inductance L 2, the two ends of bus capacitor are connected to the positive and negative two ends of the first DC source 21, one end of first half-bridge topology is connected to the anode of the first DC source 21, the other end is connected with the intermediate node A between the first electric capacity C1 and the second electric capacity C2, the other end be connected with intermediate node A is also connected with the negative terminal of the second DC source 22, the half-bridge mid point B of the first half-bridge topology is connected to the anode of the second DC source 22 by the first inductance L 1, wherein, intermediate node A be on the first electric capacity C1 and the second electric capacity C2 line a bit, one end of second half-bridge topology is connected to the negative terminal of the first DC source 21, and the other end is connected to the anode of the second DC source 22, and the half-bridge mid point D of the second half-bridge topology is connected to the negative terminal of the second DC source 22 by the second inductance L 2.
Wherein, described in the present embodiment, the first DC source 21 and the second DC source 22 can think invariable voltage source, and such as the second DC source 22 can be battery, solar panels, the various device providing direct current such as capacitor.Wherein said battery but be not limited to the various batteries such as fuel cell, Ni-MH battery, iron cell, lead-acid battery, the signal that the second DC source 22 end exports includes but not limited to square, sinusoidal, triangle, sawtooth waveforms etc.
Wherein, the arbitrary switching tube in first, second, third and fourth switching tube described in the present embodiment is HF switch, and two switching tubes during work in each half-bridge topology are alternately opened.Alternatively, the switching tube in the present embodiment can be following in any one: field-effect transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor, triode or thyristor.
The bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit that the embodiment of the present invention provides, during battery charging, the half-bridge topology that first switching tube and second switch pipe form and inductance L 1 convert work with buck topology and Buck, and the half-bridge topology that the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube form and inductance L 2 convert work with Boost topology and Boost; During battery discharge, the half-bridge topology that the first switching tube and second switch pipe form and inductance L 1 convert work with Boost topology and Boost, and the half-bridge topology that the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube form and inductance L 2 convert work with buck topology and Buck.During because of battery charge or discharge, first, second two half-bridge topologies are had to carry out dividing potential drop, so the voltage at switching tube two ends is minimized, the transient current of switching tube when switch reduces, the duty ratio of switching tube can be reduced, reduce the power loss of switching tube, thus promote the conversion efficiency of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit.
In addition, particularly, the two ends of the arbitrary switching tube in described first, second, third and fourth switching tube are parallel with diode or Diode series group, and described Diode series group is mutually connected by multiple diode and formed.The Dead Time action of two of a half-bridge topology switching tube conducting (or work), inductance afterflow can be maintained with the diode of paralleled power switches.Wherein, described diode is Schottky diode, fast recovery diode, silicone tube diode, any one in silicon carbide diode.Certainly, arbitrary switching tube and the diode in parallel with it can be respective independently function elements, also can be a device such as switching tube parasitic diodes combined.
Be described in detail the course of work of the bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit that the present embodiment provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 4 (a) ~ Fig. 4 (d), wherein the second DC source 22 is battery:
(1) direct current power (during battery charging) is supplied in the first DC source 21 to the second DC source 22:
In first operating state (Ton moment) of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, the first switching tube S1 in first half-bridge topology opens, second switch pipe S2 closes, and the current direction in the first half-bridge topology is the first electric capacity C1 → the first switching tube S1 → the first inductance L 1 → battery → the first electric capacity C1; The 4th switching tube S4 in second half-bridge topology opens, and the 3rd switching tube S3 closes, and the current direction in the second half-bridge topology is the second electric capacity C2 → the second inductance L the 2 → four switching tube S4 → the second electric capacity C2, as shown in Fig. 4 (a).
In second operating state (Toff moment) of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, second switch pipe S2 in first half-bridge topology opens, first switching tube S1 closes, and the current direction in the first half-bridge topology is first inductance L 1 → battery → second switch pipe S2 → the first inductance L 1; The 3rd switching tube S3 in second half-bridge topology opens, and the 4th switching tube S4 closes, and the current direction in the second half-bridge topology is second inductance L the 2 → three switching tube S3 → battery → the second inductance L 2, as shown in Fig. 4 (b).
(2) direct current power (during battery discharge) is supplied in the second DC source 22 to the first DC source 21:
In the 3rd operating state (Ton moment) of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, second switch pipe S2 in first half-bridge topology opens, first switching tube S1 closes, and the current direction in the first half-bridge topology is battery → the first inductance L 1 → second switch pipe S2 → battery; The 3rd switching tube S3 in second half-bridge topology opens, and the 4th switching tube S4 closes, and the current direction in the second half-bridge topology is battery → the 3rd switching tube S3 → the second inductance L 2 → battery, as shown in Fig. 4 (c).
In the 4th operating state (Toff moment) of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, the first switching tube S1 in first half-bridge topology opens, second switch pipe S2 closes, and the current direction in the first half-bridge topology is first inductance L 1 → the first switching tube S1 → the first electric capacity C1 → battery → the first inductance L 1; The 4th switching tube S4 in second half-bridge topology opens, and the 3rd switching tube S3 closes, and the current direction in the second half-bridge topology is the second inductance L 2 → the second electric capacity C2 → the 4th switching tube S4 → the second inductance L 2, as shown in Fig. 4 (d).
It should be noted that, the square-wave signal of Fig. 4 (a) ~ Fig. 4 (d) breaker in middle pipe S1, S2, S3, S4 adjacency mark is the drive singal of corresponding moment switching tube.
According to above, during because of battery charge or discharge, have first, second two half-bridge topologies to carry out dividing potential drop, the voltage at switching tube two ends is minimized, thus improves duty ratio.Particularly, according to 48V battery (V
bat=48V) time, the voltage bus (V of 500V
bus=500V): the duty ratio D=V considering buck topology
out/ V
in, conventionally (with reference to Fig. 2), the duty ratio of buck topology is D=48/500=0.096; According to the embodiment of the present invention (with reference to Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b)), then buck topology duty ratio is D=48/ (500/2)=0.192, is the twice of 0.096.At PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), in the pattern same switch cycle, when meeting same average current, duty ratio is larger, and its current peak is less, and namely the transient current of switching tube when switch is less; Due to the dividing potential drop of first, second two half-bridge topologies, the voltage at switching tube two ends reduces; The instantaneous voltage of less switch transient current and lower switch will obtain the comparatively low switching losses of switching tube.
Prior art can obtain large step-up ratio, but efficiency is very low, and the bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit that the present embodiment provides, while obtaining large step-up ratio, voltage because of switching tube two ends is the half of busbar voltage, and the power loss of switching tube is little, and therefore conversion efficiency is higher.
Embodiment two
The embodiment of the present invention provides another kind of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, as shown in Figure 5, be with the difference part of bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit shown in embodiment one, described in the present embodiment, translation circuit also comprises: one or more three half-bridge topology identical with the first half-bridge topology, the 3rd inductance L 3 that one or more and described first inductance is identical and, the 4th half-bridge topology that one or more and described second half-bridge topology is identical, the 4th inductance L 4 that one or more and described second inductance is identical; One end of 3rd half-bridge topology is all connected to the anode of the first DC source 21, the other end is all connected with the intermediate node A between the first electric capacity C1 and the second electric capacity C2, and the half-bridge mid point E of the 3rd half-bridge topology is all connected to the anode of the second DC source 22 by the 3rd inductance L 3; One end of 4th half-bridge topology is all connected to the negative terminal of the first DC source 21, and the other end is all connected to the anode of the second DC source 22, and the half-bridge mid point F of the 4th half-bridge topology is all connected to the negative terminal of the second DC source 22 by the 4th inductance L 4.
Shown in Fig. 5, respectively increase the 3rd half-bridge topology and the 4th half-bridge topology at first, second half-bridge topology, certainly, in concrete enforcement, as required, multiple pairs of half-bridge topology parallel connections can be increased respectively, to increase transform power at first, second half-bridge topology, its operation principle is consistent with the bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit be made up of first, second half-bridge topology in embodiment one, does not repeat them here.
Embodiment three
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of converting means, comprises embodiment one and the bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit according to any one of embodiment two.Converting means described in the present embodiment, the power loss of switching tube reduces, and conversion efficiency is high, and the dynamic characteristic of output signal is good, can be used for that inversion, photovoltaic power transformation are grid-connected, electric automobile, variable frequency control etc.
Converting means described in the present embodiment, also can comprise the circuit of the control signal producing control switch pipe.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be well understood to the mode that the present invention can add required common hardware by software and realize, and can certainly pass through hardware, but in a lot of situation, the former is better execution mode.Based on such understanding, technical scheme of the present invention can embody with the form of software product the part that prior art contributes in essence in other words, this computer software product is stored in the storage medium that can read, as the floppy disk of computer, hard disk or CD etc., comprise some instructions and perform method described in each embodiment of the present invention in order to make a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server, or the network equipment etc.).
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Claims (7)
1. a bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, is arranged between the first DC source and the second DC source, bidirectionally to the first DC source or the second DC source supply direct current power, it is characterized in that,
Described bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, comprise: the bus capacitor of the first electric capacity and the second capacitances in series composition, the first half-bridge topology that first switching tube and second switch pipe are composed in series, the second half-bridge topology that the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are composed in series, and the first inductance and the second inductance;
The two ends of described bus capacitor are connected to the positive and negative two ends of described first DC source;
One end of described first half-bridge topology is connected to the anode of described first DC source, the other end is connected with the intermediate node between described first electric capacity and described second electric capacity, the other end be connected with described intermediate node is also connected with the negative terminal of described second DC source, and the half-bridge mid point of described first half-bridge topology is connected to the anode of described second DC source by described first inductance;
One end of described second half-bridge topology is connected to the negative terminal of described first DC source, and the other end is connected to the anode of described second DC source, and the half-bridge mid point of described second half-bridge topology is connected to the negative terminal of described second DC source by described second inductance;
Wherein, when described first DC source is to described second DC source supply direct current power:
In the first operating state of described bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, the first switching tube in described first half-bridge topology is opened, and second switch pipe is closed, and the 4th switching tube in described second half-bridge topology is opened, and the 3rd switching tube is closed;
In the second operating state of described bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, the second switch pipe in described first half-bridge topology is opened, and the first switching tube is closed, and the 3rd switching tube in described second half-bridge topology is opened, and the 4th switching tube is closed; Or,
Wherein, when described second DC source is to described first DC source supply direct current power:
In the 3rd operating state of described bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, the second switch pipe in described first half-bridge topology is opened, and the first switching tube is closed, and the 3rd switching tube in the second half-bridge topology is opened, and the 4th switching tube is closed;
In the 4th operating state of described bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit, the first switching tube in described first half-bridge topology is opened, and second switch pipe is closed, and the 4th switching tube in described second half-bridge topology is opened, and the 3rd switching tube is closed.
2. circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the two ends of the arbitrary switching tube in described first, second, third and fourth switching tube are parallel with diode or Diode series group, and described Diode series group is mutually connected by multiple diode and formed.
3. circuit according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described diode be following in any one:
Schottky diode, fast recovery diode, silicone tube diode, silicon carbide diode.
4. circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the arbitrary switching tube in described first, second, third and fourth switching tube be following in any one:
Field-effect transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor, triode or thyristor.
5. circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described second DC source be following in any one: battery, solar panels, capacitor.
6. the circuit according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that, also comprises:
The 3rd half-bridge topology that one or more and described first half-bridge topology is identical, the 3rd inductance that one or more and described first inductance is identical, and,
The 4th half-bridge topology that one or more and described second half-bridge topology is identical, the 4th inductance that one or more and described second inductance is identical;
One end of described 3rd half-bridge topology is all connected to the anode of described first DC source, the other end is all connected with the intermediate node between described first electric capacity and described second electric capacity, and the half-bridge mid point of described 3rd half-bridge topology is all connected to the anode of described second DC source by described 3rd inductance;
One end of described 4th half-bridge topology is all connected to the negative terminal of described first DC source, the other end is all connected to the anode of described second DC source, and the half-bridge mid point of described 4th half-bridge topology is all connected to the negative terminal of described second DC source by described 4th inductance.
7. a converting means, is characterized in that, comprises the bidirectional DC/DC translation circuit described in any one of claim 1-6.
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| 一种新型交错并联双向DC/DC变换器;陆治国等;《中国电机工程学报》;20130425;第33卷(第12期);全文 * |
| 一种高升压比DC/DC变换器设计;吴小田;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》;20120731;正文第15-18页及图2.13 * |
| 串联谐振双向 DC/DC 变换器研究;张丽华;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》;20111130;正文第1-7页及图1-3、图1-4、图1-8 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106911262A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Two-way changing circuit and reversible transducer |
| CN106911262B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2019-05-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | Two-way changing circuit and reversible transducer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103414338A (en) | 2013-11-27 |
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