CN103412287A - Linear frequency modulation signal parameter evaluation method based on LVD (Lv's distribution) - Google Patents
Linear frequency modulation signal parameter evaluation method based on LVD (Lv's distribution) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a linear frequency modulation signal parameter evaluation method based on LVD (Lv's distribution). A linear frequency modulation signal has energy impulse characteristic in an LVD domain, so the relative inhibition of cross items is realized, and the parameter values of the center frequency and frequency modulation slope of the linear frequency modulation signal are accurately evaluated. The method comprises the following specific steps of 1, collecting signals; 2, judging if pulse noise is contained or not; 3, carrying out order-reduction preprocessing; 4, extracting a self-correlation feature; 5, converting phase dimensions; 6, extracting an LVD spectrum feature; 7, searching an LVD spectrum peak. The method overcomes the defect that in the prior art, cross item inhibition and resolution enhancement cannot be combined, a decoupling self-correlation signal is converted into the independently distributed LVD spectrum, the signal parameter evaluation precision in complicated noise environment is improved, and a new path is provided for the design of a future signal phase feature extracting technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, further relate in the Radar Signal Processing Technology field based on LVD(Lv ' s Distribution LVD) linear frequency-modulated parameter estimating method.The present invention utilizes low order preprocess method paired pulses noise to suppress, and centre frequency and the chirp rate parameter of linear FM signal estimated in the LVD conversion, realizes that the phase characteristic of complicated noise neutral line FM signal extracts.
Background technology
It is long-pending that linear FM signal has when large wide bandwidth, adopts pulse compression technique that the peak transmitted power of radar is significantly reduced, thereby lower than the sensitivity of Acquisition Receiver, the low purpose of intercepting and capturing realizes transmitting.Linear FM signal, as the most ripe a kind of low probability of intercept radar signal, is widely used in pulse compression radar.Thereby, in the situation that digital received accurately estimates linear FM signal centre frequency and chirp rate parameter, can realize the Target detection and identification in electronic reconnaissance system.At present, the method for parameter estimation of linear FM signal mainly contain take Eugene Wigner one dimension profit distribute (WVD) be the bilinearity Time-Frequency Analysis Method of representative and the Linear Time-Frequency Analysis method of Short Time Fourier Transform as representative of take.
Take WVD as the bilinearity Time-Frequency Analysis Method of representative be that linear FM signal is transformed to time-frequency domain by Quadratic Function Optimization, these class methods have good energy accumulation for the simple component linear FM signal, but when component of signal becomes many, this conversion process inevitably has serious cross term, causes correctly extracting the characteristic parameter of signal terms.In order to suppress cross term, the improvement type of many WVD has been carried out, as signal decomposition, and fixedly kernel function design, self-adaptive kernel function etc.
The patented technology that Chongqing Mail and Telephones Unvi has " a kind of method that suppresses cross term in the multicomponent linear frequency-modulated signals time-frequency distributions " (application number 201010550784.7, applying date 2010.11.19, grant number CN102158443A, a mandate day 2011.08.17) in, improving one's methods of a kind of subspace-based decomposition proposed, the method becomes signal subspace and noise subspace by feature decomposition by the time-frequency distributions matrix decomposition of Noise and cross term, signal subspace is separated, can be reduced to a certain extent cross term and disturb.The deficiency that this patented technology exists is that signal is separated from each other and is difficult to utilize relevant information in the Subspace Decomposition process, cause utilizing this patented technology can not fully demonstrate the time-frequency characteristics of linear FM signal, and when data volume was larger, computation rate is not ideal enough.
The Short Time Fourier Transform of take is the Linear Time-Frequency Analysis method of representative, and observation signal is carried out to the windowing displacement, then asks for the Fourier transform of windowing signal.
The patented technology that Northcentral University has " based on the multi-target detection method of Short Time Fourier Transform and Fourier Transform of Fractional Order " (application number 201210335020.5, applying date 2012.09.05, grant number CN102866391A, authorize a day 2013.01.09) in a kind of linear frequency modulated radar signal detection method combined based on Short Time Fourier Transform and Fourier Transform of Fractional Order has been proposed.The method utilizes unitary variant to mean Time-Frequency Information, can effectively avoid to a certain extent the appearance of cross term, has improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of signal to be detected.But the deficiency that this patented technology exists is due to the narrow view window of Short Time Fourier Transform, reduced the resolution of time-frequency domain, thereby the estimated performance of signal parameter reduces under Low SNR, and the fractional order Fourier of each component spectrum to be covered mutually.
In sum, method for parameter estimation for linear FM signal, existing Time-Frequency Analysis Method has only been considered the time dependent time-frequency characteristics of linear FM signal, do not consider centre frequency and the chirp rate unique determinacy to the signal transient frequency, the time-frequency characteristics extracted can not directly embody the variation characteristic of linear FM signal, utilize these class methods to carry out parameter estimation, estimated accuracy is not high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, proposes a kind of linear frequency-modulated parameter estimating method based on LVD.The present invention take into full account linear FM signal on the LVD plane by centre frequency and the well-determined information of chirp rate, by two-dimensional Fourier transform, the decoupling zero autocorrelation signal is converted to the LVD spectrum of independent distribution, in order to obtain higher Parameter Estimation Precision.
The concrete thought of realizing the object of the invention is: gather the linear FM signal that contains actual noise in radar antenna, differentiate in collection signal whether contain impulsive noise, if there is impulsive noise, by the depression of order pre-service, realize the inhibition of impulsive noise; Adopt instantaneous autocorrelation function to extract the auto-correlation information of collection signal, the recycling Fourier transform is converted to the LVD spectrum; The LVD spectrum of multicomponent linear frequency-modulated signals shows as separate pulse spike, position coordinates, the centre frequency using this coordinate figure as linear FM signal and the chirp rate parameter value at search spike place.
According to above-mentioned main thought, specific implementation step of the present invention is as follows:
(1) collection signal:
Signal acquiring system, by the receiver device of Pulse-compression Radar, gathers any one section linear FM signal that contains actual noise in radar antenna.
(2) differentiate in the linear FM signal gathered and whether contain impulsive noise:
2a) adopt local amplitude Characteristics method to obtain local threshold, using this threshold value as judgement threshold;
2b) the amplitude statistical module compares the local amplitude of the linear FM signal of collection and judgement threshold, differentiates in the linear FM signal gathered whether contain impulsive noise; If there is impulsive noise, the amplitude statistical module sends the pulse indicator signal, performs step 3; If there is not impulsive noise, the amplitude statistical module sends collection signal, execution step 4.
(3) the pulse indicator signal of sending according to the amplitude statistical module, the pretreated exponent number p of depression of order is set, and the scope of p meets and to be greater than 0 characteristic parameter that is less than impulsive noise, utilizes depression of order pre-service formula, collection signal is hanged down to exponent arithmetic(al), obtain the pretreated collection signal of depression of order.
(4) extract autocorrelation characteristic:
According to the following formula, the autocorrelation characteristic signal of the pretreated collection signal of depression of order:
Wherein, R means the autocorrelation characteristic signal of collection signal; X means collection signal; T means the sampling time of collection signal; τ means the delay duration of collection signal phase place; * mean conjugate of symbol.
(5) phase place change of scale:
5a) adopt the discrete Fourier transformation method, take the sampling time and be conversion factor, the autocorrelation characteristic signal is transformed to frequency domain, obtain instantaneous autocorrelative frequency spectrum sequence;
5b) adopt the sinc function interpolating method, the sampling time in the frequency spectrum sequence is carried out to change of scale, obtain the frequency spectrum sequence after interpolation;
5c) adopt the inverse discrete Fourier transform method, the sampling time of take after change of scale is conversion factor, is time-domain signal by the frequency spectrum sequence transformation, obtains the decoupling zero autocorrelation signal.
(6) the LVD spectrum signature is extracted:
Utilize the two dimensional discrete Fourier transform method, using the phase delay in the decoupling zero autocorrelation signal and sampling time as conversion factor, carry out the time-frequency domain conversion successively, obtain the LVD spectrum.
(7) estimate the parameter value of centre frequency and chirp rate:
Utilize the peak value of peak-value detection method search LVD spectrum, the peak value of search LVD spectrum, obtain the coordinate that the spectrum peak loca is corresponding, the centre frequency using this coordinate as linear FM signal and the parameter value of chirp rate.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
First, the present invention is owing to having taken into full account the auto-correlation information that has coupled relation between linear FM signal phase time and phase delay, overcome and can't fully demonstrate the limitation of linear FM signal time-frequency characteristics in the prior art, make the present invention can effectively suppress cross term, improve the time-frequency characteristics resolution of LVD planed signal from item.
Second, the present invention is owing to adopting the direct extracting parameter information of two dimensional discrete Fourier transform, overcome the shortcoming that in the prior art, signal fractional order Fourier spectrum is covered mutually, make the present invention can realize the multicomponent linear frequency-modulated signals independent distribution, effectively improve Parameter Estimation Precision and arithmetic speed.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 differentiates the sub-process figure that whether contains impulsive noise in collection signal in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the sub-process figure of phase place change of scale in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the LVD spectrum analogous diagram of white noise environment neutral line FM signal;
Fig. 5 is depression of order pre-service front and back LVD spectrum simulated effect comparison diagram in impulse noise environment.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
With reference to Fig. 1, the specific embodiment of the invention step is as follows:
Step 1, collection signal:
Signal acquiring system, by the receiver device of Pulse-compression Radar, gathers any one section linear FM signal that contains actual noise in radar antenna, and its mixed signal model can be expressed as follows:
Wherein, x () means collection signal, and n means the sampling time, and i means i component of signal, and j means imaginary unit, and K means component of signal sum, A
i, f
i, r
iThe amplitude, centre frequency, the chirp rate that mean respectively each component linear FM signal, w (n) means noise item, comprises Gaussian noise and impulsive noise.
Step 2, differentiate in the linear FM signal gathered and whether contain impulsive noise:
With reference to Fig. 2, differentiate the detailed step that whether contains impulsive noise in the linear FM signal gathered as follows.
The first step, input discrimination module by collection signal, as judgment signal.
Second step, arrange the detection window that a regular length is N, and the span of length N is to be greater than 0 value that is less than the linear FM signal total number of sample points.
The 3rd step, utilize the time domain of detection window level and smooth, and linear FM signal is blocked on a time period, is divided into the subsignal of a plurality of equal length time periods, non-overlapping copies, adopts local amplitude Characteristics method to calculate the amplitude equalizing value of subsignal, obtains local threshold.
The 4th step, using this threshold value as judgement threshold, the amplitude statistical module compares the local amplitude of the linear FM signal of collection and judgement threshold, differentiates in the linear FM signal gathered whether contain impulsive noise;
The 5th step, differentiate in collection signal and have impulsive noise, and the amplitude statistical module sends the pulse indicator signal, performs step 3;
The 6th step, differentiate in collection signal and do not have impulsive noise, and the amplitude statistical module sends collection signal, execution step 4.
Step 3, the depression of order pre-service:
According to the pulse indicator signal that the amplitude statistical module sends, the pretreated exponent number p of depression of order is set, the scope of p meets and to be greater than 0 characteristic parameter that is less than impulsive noise, utilizes depression of order pre-service formula, and collection signal is hanged down to exponent arithmetic(al), carries out according to the following formula:
x
<p>=|x|
p+1/x
*，x
-<p>=(x
*)
<p>=(x
<p>)
*
Wherein, x
<p>Mean the pretreated collection signal of p rank depression of order, p means the pretreated exponent number of depression of order,<expression depression of order pre-service symbol, || mean the mod symbol, * means conjugate of symbol, x
-<p>Expression is carried out the pretreated conjugated signal in p rank to collection signal.
After the depression of order pre-service, obtain the low order signal, the singular value amplitude in former collection signal is reduced, but intactly retained the phase information of signal, provide effective foundation for the instantaneous frequency parameter estimation of signal.
Step 4, extract autocorrelation characteristic:
According to the following formula, extract the autocorrelation characteristic signal of the pretreated collection signal of depression of order:
Wherein, R means the autocorrelation characteristic signal of collection signal, and x means collection signal, and t means the sampling time of collection signal, and τ means the delay duration of collection signal phase place, and * means the conjugation symbol.
Step 5, the phase place change of scale:
With reference to Fig. 3, the detailed step of phase place change of scale is as follows.
The first step, using the autocorrelation characteristic signal as input signal, carry out change of scale.
Second step, adopt the fast discrete Fourier transformation method, take the sampling time to be conversion factor, and the autocorrelation characteristic signal is transformed to frequency domain, obtains instantaneous autocorrelative frequency spectrum sequence.
The 3rd step, adopt the sinc function interpolating method, and the sampling time in the frequency spectrum sequence is carried out to change of scale, obtains the frequency spectrum sequence after interpolation.After utilizing time variable in sinc function factor pair frequency spectrum sequence to carry out stretching, no longer there is a coupled relation between sampling time and delay duration.
Utilizing change of scale to refer to according to the following formula carries out:
t=(τ+1)T
Wherein, t means the sampling time in the frequency spectrum sequence, and τ means the delay duration of collection signal phase place, and T means the sampling time after change of scale.
The 4th step, adopt the inverse discrete Fourier transform method, and the sampling time of take after change of scale is conversion factor, is time-domain signal by the frequency spectrum sequence transformation, obtains the decoupling zero autocorrelation signal.
The 5th step, obtain the decoupling zero autocorrelation signal after change of scale, eliminated the linear FM signal information after the time variable coupled relation, can the time-frequency of Inhibitory signal between the different components of parameter field fuzzy.
Step 6, the LVD spectrum signature is extracted:
Utilize two dimensional discrete Fourier transform, using the phase delay in the decoupling zero autocorrelation signal and sampling time as conversion factor, carry out the time-frequency domain conversion successively, obtain the LVD spectrum; Autocorrelation signal R is carried out to two-dimensional Fourier transform, and each signal is modeled as desirable pulse spike function from Xiang Junneng:
Wherein, L means LVD spectrum, F
τ(),
() mean respectively about τ,
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), R means the autocorrelation characteristic signal of collection signal, i means i component of signal, K means component of signal sum, A
i, f
i, r
iMean respectively amplitude, centre frequency, the chirp rate of each component linear FM signal, j means imaginary unit, and δ () means impulse function, x
iMean i collection signal, x
jMean j collection signal
The LVD cross term spectrum that means i collection signal and j collection signal.
For the simple component linear FM signal in the noiseless actual environment, the LVD plane only exists the signal that is modeled as the single-frequency function from item.For multicomponent linear frequency-modulated signals, the LVD conversion makes signal have energy impulse characteristic from item, and cross term is ignored, and has the characteristic of approximately linear.
Step 7, search LVD spectrum peak coordinate:
Utilize peak-value detection method, the peak value of search LVD spectrum, obtain the coordinate that the spectrum peak loca is corresponding, the centre frequency using this coordinate as linear FM signal and the parameter value of chirp rate.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with analogous diagram.
1. simulated conditions:
The operational system of emulation experiment of the present invention is Intel (R) Core (TM) i5CPU650@3.20GHz, 32-bit Windows operating system, simulation software adopts MATLAB R(2011a).
Simulation parameter arranges as follows.
Centre frequency and the original frequency of choosing the three-component linear FM signal are respectively: f
1=-15.95Hz, r
1=9.44Hz/s; f
2=6.34Hz, r
2=9.44Hz/s; f
3=6.34Hz, r
3=-20.41Hz/s; Sampling rate is f
s=256Hz, sampling number N=256.Signal amplitude A
3=1, A
1=A
2=0.8.Additive noise is made as respectively white noise and impulsive noise, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is all got-3dB.
2. simulation result:
The LVD conversion is mapped to parameter space by linear FM signal from time domain, make the energy accumulating of linear FM signal on centre frequency and the well-determined peak point of chirp rate, be rendered as the spike simple signal, the energy accumulating value of the peak value meter timberline FM signal of simple signal.
Figure 4 shows that the LVD spectrum analogous diagram of white noise environment neutral line FM signal.In Fig. 4, the x coordinate means the centre frequency of LVD conversion neutral line FM signal/Hz parameter value, the y coordinate means the modulation frequency of LVD conversion neutral line FM signal/Hz/s parameter value, the LVD spectrum energy value of z coordinates table timberline FM signal, " signal 1 ", " signal 2 ", " signal 3 " mean respectively the LVD spectrum peak of first, second, third linear FM signal component.
As seen from Figure 4, in parameter space, have three and present the spike simple signal that high-energy is assembled, search spike peak point, find out and three coordinate figures that peak point is corresponding, successively as centre frequency and the chirp rate estimates of parameters of three components of linear FM signal.
Under the white noise disturbed condition, adopt the monte carlo method of prior art to carry out emulation, under different input signal-to-noise ratios, simulate respectively 100 LVD conversion, obtain the arithmetic mean of linear frequency-modulated parameter estimated value as shown in table 1.Actual value in table 1 means simulate signal parameter value set in simulated conditions.
Three-component linear frequency-modulated parameter estimated value under table 1-3dB white noise condition
By the estimated value shown in table 1, can be found out, in the situation that the white noise interference source exists, estimated value of the present invention and signal parameter actual value contrast, and error is less, illustrate and adopt the present invention to estimate accurately signal parameter.
With reference to accompanying drawing 5, be depicted as depression of order pre-service front and back LVD spectrum simulated effect comparison diagram in impulse noise environment.In Fig. 5 (a), the x coordinate means the centre frequency of LVD conversion neutral line FM signal/Hz parameter value, and the y coordinate means the modulation frequency of LVD conversion neutral line FM signal/Hz/s parameter value, the LVD spectrum energy value of z coordinates table timberline FM signal.In Fig. 5 (b), the x coordinate means the centre frequency of LVD conversion neutral line FM signal/Hz parameter value, the y coordinate means the modulation frequency of LVD conversion neutral line FM signal/Hz/s parameter value, the LVD spectrum energy value of z coordinates table timberline FM signal, " signal 1 ", " signal 2 ", " signal 3 " mean respectively the LVD spectrum peak of first, second, third linear FM signal component.
When the linear FM signal in LVD conversion process impulse noise environment, if do not adopt the impact of low order preconditioning technique impulse noise mitigation, can't accurately extract the LVD spectrum signature at parameter space.By Fig. 5 (a), can be found out, the LVD of three-component linear FM signal spectrum is flooded fully by the LVD of impulsive noise spectrum in parameter space, three LVD spectrum peak points of None-identified.And, after adopting the impact of low order preprocess method impulse noise mitigation, by the LVD conversion, linear FM signal is mapped to parameter space, obtain the LVD spectrum.By Fig. 5 (b), can be found out, in parameter space, have three LVD spectrum peak points, the search peak point, find out and three coordinate figures that LVD spectrum peak point is corresponding, successively as centre frequency and the chirp rate estimates of parameters of three components of linear FM signal.
Under the impulse noise interference condition, adopt the monte carlo method of prior art to carry out emulation, under different input signal-to-noise ratios, simulate respectively 100 LVD conversion, obtain the arithmetic mean of linear frequency-modulated parameter estimated value as shown in table 2.Actual value in table 2 means simulate signal parameter value set in simulated conditions.
Three-component linear frequency-modulated parameter estimated value under table 2-3dB impulsive noise condition
By the estimated value shown in table 2, can be found out, in the situation that the impulse noise interference source exists, estimated value of the present invention and signal parameter actual value contrast, and error is less, illustrate that method of the present invention can estimate accurately to the parameter of signal.
In sum, the result obtained by above emulation experiment shows, the present invention can impulse noise mitigation impact, make linear FM signal have at parameter space the characteristic that energy height is assembled, improved the resolution of parameter space, thereby accurately estimate linear FM signal centre frequency and chirp rate parameter value, realize the accurate extraction of signal phase feature.Under the prerequisite that meets the Parameter Estimation Precision requirement, the present invention can estimate the phase parameter of linear FM signal in real time accurately.
Claims (4)
1. based on the linear frequency-modulated parameter estimating method of LVD, comprise the steps:
(1) collection signal:
Signal acquiring system, by the receiver device of Pulse-compression Radar, gathers any one section linear FM signal that contains actual noise in radar antenna;
(2) differentiate in the linear FM signal gathered and whether contain impulsive noise:
2a) adopt local amplitude Characteristics method to obtain local threshold, using this threshold value as judgement threshold;
2b) the amplitude statistical module compares the local amplitude of the linear FM signal of collection and judgement threshold, differentiates in the linear FM signal gathered whether contain impulsive noise; If there is impulsive noise, the amplitude statistical module sends the pulse indicator signal, execution step 3; If there is not impulsive noise, the amplitude statistical module sends collection signal, execution step 4;
(3) depression of order pre-service:
According to the pulse indicator signal that the amplitude statistical module sends, the pretreated exponent number p of depression of order is set, p is greater than 0 characteristic ginseng value that is less than impulsive noise for meeting; Utilize depression of order pre-service formula, collection signal is hanged down to exponent arithmetic(al), obtain the pretreated collection signal of depression of order;
(4) extract autocorrelation characteristic:
According to the following formula, extract the autocorrelation characteristic signal of the pretreated collection signal of depression of order:
Wherein, R means the autocorrelation characteristic signal of collection signal, and x means collection signal, and t means the sampling time of collection signal, and τ means the delay duration of collection signal phase place, and * means conjugate of symbol;
(5) phase place change of scale:
5a) adopt the discrete Fourier transformation method, take the sampling time and be conversion factor, the autocorrelation characteristic signal is transformed to frequency domain, obtain instantaneous autocorrelative frequency spectrum sequence;
5b) adopt the sinc function interpolating method, the sampling time in the frequency spectrum sequence is carried out to change of scale, obtain the frequency spectrum sequence after interpolation;
5c) adopt the inverse discrete Fourier transform method, the sampling time of take after change of scale is conversion factor, is time-domain signal by the frequency spectrum sequence transformation, obtains the decoupling zero autocorrelation signal;
(6) the LVD spectrum signature is extracted:
Utilize the two dimensional discrete Fourier transform method, using the phase delay in the decoupling zero autocorrelation signal and sampling time as conversion factor, carry out the time-frequency domain conversion successively, obtain the LVD spectrum;
(7) search LVD spectrum peak: utilize peak-value detection method, the peak value of search LVD spectrum, obtain the coordinate that the spectrum peak loca is corresponding, the centre frequency using this coordinate as linear FM signal and the parameter value of chirp rate.
2. the linear frequency-modulated parameter estimating method based on LVD according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the step of the local amplitude Characteristics method step 2a) is as follows:
The first step, arrange the detection window that a regular length is N, and the span of length N is to be greater than 0 value that is less than the linear FM signal total number of sample points;
Second step, utilize the time domain of detection window level and smooth, and linear FM signal is blocked on a time period, is divided into the subsignal of a plurality of equal length time periods, non-overlapping copies, calculates the amplitude equalizing value of subsignal, obtains local threshold.
3. the linear frequency-modulated parameter estimating method based on LVD according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described depression of order pre-service of step 3 formula is as follows:
x
<p>=|x|
p+1/x
*，x
-<p>=(x
*)
<p>=(x
<p>)
*
Wherein, x
<p>Mean the pretreated collection signal of p rank depression of order, p means the pretreated exponent number of depression of order,<expression depression of order pre-service symbol, || mean the mod symbol, * means conjugate of symbol, x
-<p>Expression is carried out the pretreated conjugated signal in p rank to collection signal.
4. the linear frequency-modulated parameter estimating method based on LVD according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 5b) described change of scale refers to according to the following formula and carries out:
t=(τ+1)T
Wherein, t means the sampling time in the frequency spectrum sequence, and τ means the delay duration of collection signal phase place, and T means the sampling time after change of scale.
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