CN103408558B - A kind of method extracting psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction - Google Patents
A kind of method extracting psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method extracting psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction, comprise following operation: after fully being mixed with surfactant soln by Malaytea Scurfpea Fruit, and extract under ultrasound condition; After extraction completes, collection extracting solution, centrifugal, collects supernatant liquor and add ionogen to regulate ionic strength, and then in water bath with thermostatic control balance, centrifuged supernatant phase-splitting is aqueous layer and the tensio-active agent enriched layer of tensio-active agent; After being divided into two-phase, tensio-active agent enriched layer ultrafiltration membrance filter, reclaim tensio-active agent, filtrate is spin-dried for, and obtains the fat-soluble class crude extract comprising psoralen and isopsorapen.Method of the present invention, without the need to poisonous and hazardous organic solvent, adds extraction yield, reduces environmental pollution, is suitable for industrialized extensive extraction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the extractive technique field of active components of plants, relate to a kind of method extracting psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction.
Background technology
Psoralen and isopsorapen is effective constituent important in Psoralea corylifolia.Because the content in plant such as Psoralea corylifolia is low, and monomer extraction yield is lower.Study efficient psoralen and isopsorapen extracting method significant.In fact, the major cause that monomer extraction yield is low is the first step when obtaining efficient part (crude extract) from plant, mostly uses conventional organic solvents extraction method, and this process reflows temperature is high, and effective constituent is oxidized or decompose and destroy, cause extraction yield low.Visible raising Psoralea corylifolia crude extract extraction yield is the prerequisite and the key that realize high yield extraction.
The method extracted for efficient part in plant Psoralea corylifolia is a lot, mainly contains:
1) organic solvent extraction:
Organic solvent extraction is that the one using organic solvent as disperse phase extracts means, and this method is applicable to the extraction of many organic compositions, such as flavonoid, glycoside, coumarins etc.Also be extract efficient part in plant at present to use maximum a kind of extracting method.But main drawback is: complex operation, extraction yield are low, enrichment rate variance.Especially use the toxic organic solvents such as methyl alcohol, environmental pollution is large, dissolvent residual toxicity is high.
2) other method:
In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming of solvent-extraction process, people extract efficient part and improve, and mainly comprise supercritical extraction, microwave or ultrasonic-assisted extraction method etc.
Supercritical extraction is using carbonic acid gas etc. as supercritical fluid solvent, extracts plant Psoralea corylifolia efficient part.But supercritical fluid extraction equipment belongs to high-tension apparatus, investment is comparatively large, usually needs organic entrainment agent just can reach desirable separating effect.This method can not avoid the use of organic solvent.
Microwave or ultrasonic-assisted extraction method: be utilize microwave or ultrasonic assistant to increase solute deliquescent a kind of method in a solvent.In most cases use in the lab.But still need with an organic solvent, toxicity and the pollution problem of these solvents cannot be avoided.
Cloud-Point Extraction Technique (cloud point extraction is called for short CPE) is a kind of emerging environment-friendly type liquid-liquid technique.Cloud-Point Extraction Technique, using water to replace organic solvent as extraction agent, reaches high efficiency extraction by adding a small amount of tensio-active agent generation cloud point phenomenon and is separated object.Its principle is: surfactant molecule can form the micella that hydrophilic radical is outside, hydrophobic group is inside in aqueous.This micellar solution can make slightly soluble or water-fast organism solubleness greatly increase.Meanwhile, water phase surfactant mixture is being heated to more than certain temperature (cloud point temperature), and solution turned cloudy also occurs phase-splitting.Cause be separated by changing experiment parameter (ionic strength, temperature etc. as solution), the efficiently concentrating finally realizing solute be separated.
Compared with traditional Liquid-liquid Extraction Processes; operating between two aqueous phases of cloud point extraction isolation technique is carried out; so avoid the use of harmful organic solvent; it also avoid the impact of volatile organic solvent on environment; and original character of extract can be protected; accelerate extracting and separating speed, improve extracting and enriching rate.And this technology for trace even trace substance have good inrichment.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of method extracting psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction, and the method, without the need to poisonous and hazardous organic solvent, adds extraction yield, reduces environmental pollution.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Extract a method for psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction, comprise following operation:
1) after Malaytea Scurfpea Fruit fully being mixed with surfactant soln, and extract under ultrasound condition;
2) extracted rear collection extracting solution, centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor and add ionogen adjustment ionic strength, then in water bath with thermostatic control balance, centrifuged supernatant phase-splitting is aqueous layer and the tensio-active agent enriched layer of tensio-active agent;
3) after being divided into two-phase, tensio-active agent enriched layer ultrafiltration membrance filter, reclaim tensio-active agent, filtrate is spin-dried for, and obtains the fat-soluble class crude extract comprising psoralen and isopsorapen.
Further, specifically comprise the following steps:
1) Psoralea corylifolia plant powder being joined volume-fraction concentration is in the surfactant soln of 10 ~ 15%, wherein liquid-solid ratio is 150mL:1g ~ 200mL:1g, fully mix in vortex mixer, and at 25 DEG C, under 300W ultrasonic processor supersound process, extract 30 ~ 35min;
2) extracted rear collection extracting solution, centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor and add electrolysis quality regulate ionic strength, wherein electrolyte concentration is 2.5 ~ 3molL
-1, then centrifugal after 50 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control balance 35 ~ 45min, supernatant liquor phase-splitting is aqueous layer and the tensio-active agent enriched layer of tensio-active agent;
3) by the ultrafiltration membrance filter of tensio-active agent enriched layer with 0.45 μm, reclaim tensio-active agent, filtrate is spin-dried for, and must comprise the crude extract of psoralen and isopsorapen.
In described step 1), the volumetric concentration of tensio-active agent is 15%, and liquid-solid ratio is at 150mL:1g, and extraction time is 30min;
Described step 2) in, add 2.5molL
-1sodium-chlor under at 50 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control balance 40min.
Described tensio-active agent comprises: anion surfactant, cats product, zwitterionics and nonionogenic tenside.
Described anion surfactant is stearic acid or Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate;
Cats product is quaternary ammonium compound;
Zwitterionics is Yelkin TTS, amino acid pattern, betaine type or ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol;
Nonionogenic tenside is the smooth or polysorbate of Triton X-100, glycerin fatty acid ester, lipid acid sorb.
Described ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol is GENAPOL X080.
Described Triton X-100 is Triton X-100, Triton X-114 or Triton X-45.
Described ionogen comprises vitriol, nitrate, hydrochloride, sulphite, carbonate, sulphite.
Described filtration ultra-filtration membrane is natural membranes or polymer membrane.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect:
The method extracting psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction provided by the invention, the method, without the need to poisonous and hazardous organic solvent, adds extraction yield, reduces environmental pollution, is suitable for industrialized extensive extraction.
Compared to methanol extraction, first, under identical condition, effective constituent extraction efficiency of the present invention has clear superiority.Using GENAPOL X080 as extraction agent, the percentage extraction of Psoralea corylifolia and isopsoralen is respectively 8.9 and 10.6mgg
-1, and the percentage extraction of methyl alcohol method is 6.4 and 9.1mgg
-1; Moreover, hardly with poisonous organic solvent in extraction operation, there is environmental friendliness, advantage easy and simple to handle.
The method extracting psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction provided by the invention, also has following advantage: 1. percentage extraction is high; 2. economic environmental protection; 3. dosage of surfactant is few, and is easy to process; 4. activeconstituents not volatility; 5. easy and simple to handle; Time saving and energy saving; 6. with low cost.
The industrialization that cloud point extraction method is used for the effective constituents such as Psoralea corylifolia in plant Psoralea corylifolia and different Psoralea corylifolia by the present invention is extracted, to obtain efficient, low toxicity, easy extracting method.And the method also can be generalized in the extraction and isolation of the effective constituent of other plant, is of great significance for modernization of Chinese medicine tool.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the impact of concentration on extraction yield of Genapol X-080, and wherein X-coordinate is the concentration (%, v/v) of Genapol X-080, and ordinate zou is extraction yield.
Fig. 2 is the impact of liquid-solid ratio on extraction yield, and wherein X-coordinate is solid-to-liquid ratio, and ordinate zou is extraction yield;
Fig. 3 is the impact of sodium-chlor consumption on extraction yield, and wherein X-coordinate is the concentration of sodium-chlor, and ordinate zou is the rate of recovery;
Fig. 4 is the impact of equilibrium temperature on extraction yield, and wherein X-coordinate is equilibrium temperature, and ordinate zou is the rate of recovery;
Fig. 5 is the impact of starting time on extraction yield, and wherein X-coordinate is starting time, and ordinate zou is the rate of recovery;
Fig. 6 is the HPLC spectrogram of Psoralea corylifolia and different Psoralea corylifolia.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and the explanation of the invention is not limited.
Provided by the inventionly extract the method for psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction, with cloud point extraction method for major technique, be aided with ultrasound assisted extraction technique and ultra-filtration technique, realize being separated of Psoralea corylifolia and different Psoralea corylifolia isoreactivity composition in plant Psoralea corylifolia.Mainly comprise following operation:
From medicinal material by extracts active ingredients to tensio-active agent liquid layer:
By Malaytea Scurfpea Fruit and surfactant soln, fully mix on vortex mixer; This is because psoralene, isopsoralen are fat-soluble cpdss, can not be extracted by water polar solvent, but after with the addition of and defining tensio-active agent, form the micella of the outside polarity of inner apolar, so the extraction of the compounds such as Psoralea corylifolia can be realized after adding tensio-active agent; In order to make the abundant solubilising of this extracting solution, the assisting ultrasonic process when extraction;
Again effective constituent is filtered out from tensio-active agent:
After extraction completes, extract is centrifugal, and supernatant liquor adds ionogen regulator solution ionic strength, and water bath with thermostatic control at a certain temperature balances, and centrifugal rear solution gets final product phase-splitting--be divided into aqueous layer and the tensio-active agent enriched layer of tensio-active agent; Wherein electrolytical adding can so that being separated of two-phase with raised temperature, the highest percentage extraction can be obtained under suitable electrolyte concentration, and when concentration increases again, surfactant layer floats on solution surface, make extract layer be difficult to form two-phase, thus percentage extraction is reduced greatly; When only having equilibrium temperature to reach the cloud point temperature of tensio-active agent used, system just can be divided into two-phase, and temperature is too high simultaneously, can cause ingredient breakdown;
After being divided into two-phase, tensio-active agent enriched layer ultrafiltration membrance filter, reclaim tensio-active agent, filtrate is spin-dried for, and must comprise the fat-soluble class crude extract of psoralen and isopsorapen.
Concrete, extract the method for psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction, comprise the following steps:
1), after Psoralea corylifolia plant powder is soaked in water, join certain density tensio-active agent, then fully mix on vortex mixer, and at 25 DEG C 300W ultrasonic processor supersound process;
2) after having extracted, extract 3500rpm is centrifugal, and supernatant liquor adds ionogen regulator solution ionic strength, and water bath with thermostatic control is centrifugal after balancing for some time, solution layering: the aqueous layer and the tensio-active agent enriched layer that are divided into tensio-active agent;
3) by tensio-active agent enriched layer ultrafiltration membrance filter, reclaim tensio-active agent, filtrate is spin-dried for, and must comprise the crude extract of psoralen and isopsorapen.
Wherein, tensio-active agent comprises:
Anion surfactant: as stearic acid, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate etc.;
Cats product: as quaternary ammonium compound etc.;
Zwitterionics: as Yelkin TTS, amino acid pattern, betaine type, ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol (GENAPOL X080) etc.;
Nonionogenic tenside: as Triton X-100 (Triton X series), glycerin fatty acid ester, lipid acid sorb is smooth, polysorbate etc.;
Described ionogen comprises vitriol, nitrate, hydrochloride, sulphite, carbonate, sulphite etc.;
The synthesis such as natural membranes or the polymer membrane films such as described filtration ultra-filtration membrane temperature microbial film.
According to aforesaid operations, provide the determination of some parameters in aforesaid operations below by embodiment:
The selection of embodiment 1 tensio-active agent
Attempt anion surfactant: as stearic acid, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate etc.; Cats product: as quaternary ammonium compound etc.; Zwitterionics: as Yelkin TTS, amino acid pattern, betaine type, ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol (GENAPOL X080) etc.; Nonionogenic tenside: as Triton X-100 (Triton X series), glycerin fatty acid ester, lipid acid sorb is smooth, polysorbate etc.;
Result shows that above-mentioned tensio-active agent is all applicable to extract based on cloud point extraction the method for psoralen and isopsorapen, wherein the extraction effect of GENAPOL X080 is best, may be because GENAPOL X080 is a kind of lard type tensio-active agent not containing aromatic nucleus, at 210 nm without uv-absorbing, the assay of Psoralea corylifolia and different Psoralea corylifolia can not be disturbed.
Adopt GENAPOL X080 as the tensio-active agent of cloud point extraction below in embodiment.
Embodiment 2 surfactant concentration is on the impact of psoralen and isopsorapen extraction efficiency.
When other extraction conditions are constant, surfactant concentration change on the impact of psoralen and isopsorapen extraction efficiency as shown in Figure 1, wherein, psoralen is the change curve of the extraction efficiency of psoralene, and ispsoralen is the change curve of isopsoralen extraction efficiency;
Can find out, when surfactant concentration is increased to 15% (v/v, volume ratio) from 1.0%, the extraction yield of psoralene, isopsoralen increases, and surfactant concentration is when being increased to 20% from 15%, although to increase change to some extent not remarkable for its extraction yield.And after surfactant concentration is increased to 20%, extraction yield continues to increase, but viscosity also increases, and is difficult to process, so under this condition, adopt 10 ~ 15% tensio-active agents as the optimum condition extracted, wherein 15% is top condition.
Implement 3 liquid-solid ratioes to affect the extraction recovery of psoralen and isopsorapen.
When other extraction conditions are constant, investigating liquid-solid ratio affects the extraction yield of psoralen and isopsorapen, and wherein liquid-solid ratio refers to the ratio between tenside/solvent used and Malaytea Scurfpea Fruit, is another key factor affecting extraction efficiency.As shown in Figure 2, preferred liquid-solid ratio is at 50:1 ~ 400:1(mL/g for result), when liquid-solid ratio is when 150:1 (15mL/0.1g), extraction efficiency is the highest.
The embodiment 4 ultrasonic extraction time is on the impact of recovery of extraction
When other extraction conditions are constant, the ultrasound on extracting time of 5-60min is investigated.When the time at 30min time, the percentage extraction of psoralen and isopsorapen is the highest, if the time extends to more than 35min again, may be because effective constituent is easy to change under long-time ultrasonic state.So in following embodiment step, all adopt 30min as the ultrasonic dissolution assisting time.
Electrolytical adding can so that being separated of two-phase with raised temperature, so to have investigated in experiment starting time, equilibrium temperature, electrolytical consumption to the impact of percentage extraction.
The impact of embodiment 5 ionogen consumption
In the present embodiment, select sodium-chlor.When other conditions are constant, at equilibrium temperature 50 DEG C, starting time is 30min, investigates concentration at 1.0-5.0molL
-1sodium chloride solution is on the impact of extraction yield.When ionic strength increases, micella particle diameter increases, and micelle-forming concentration keeps constant.
As can be seen from Figure 3,2.5molL
-1salt concn under can obtain the highest percentage extraction.When concentration increases again, surfactant layer floats on solution surface, makes extract layer be difficult to form two-phase, thus percentage extraction is reduced greatly.So, 2.5 ~ 3molL
-1for optimum condition, 2.5molL
-1sodium chloride solution under obtain optimum ionic strength.
Embodiment 6 equilibrium temperature is on the impact of recovery of extraction
In this extracting process, when only having equilibrium temperature to reach the cloud point temperature of tensio-active agent used, system just can be divided into two-phase, and temperature is too high, can cause ingredient breakdown, so need to adopt the minimum temperature that can realize two-phase laminated flow.From theory, be generally adopt to be advisable higher than tensio-active agent cloud point temperature 10 – 20 DEG C, but Fig. 4 show the relation of percentage extraction and equilibrium temperature, at the temperature of 50 DEG C, obtains the highest extraction efficiency.
Embodiment 7 starting time is on the impact of extraction efficiency.
When other extraction conditions are constant, attempt the change of percentage extraction under from 20min to 60min, when determining equilibrium temperature 50 DEG C, as shown in Figure 5, at 20min to 40min, time lengthening, percentage extraction increases, but the time extends to 50min again, and percentage extraction declines, so within the scope of 35 ~ 45min, the highest extraction yield can be obtained.
Comprehensive above embodiment conditional filtering is known, and the extraction conditions of optimization is:
1) Psoralea corylifolia plant powder being joined volumetric concentration is in the surfactant soln of 10 ~ 15%, wherein liquid-solid ratio is 150mL:1g ~ 200mL:1g, fully mix on vortex mixer, and at 25 DEG C, 300W ultrasonic processor supersound process auxiliary under, extract 30 ~ 35min;
2) after having extracted, extract is centrifugal, and supernatant liquor adds ionogen regulator solution ionic strength, and wherein electrolyte concentration is 2.5 ~ 3molL
-1, centrifugal after 50 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control balance 35 ~ 45min, solution layering: the aqueous layer and the tensio-active agent enriched layer that are divided into tensio-active agent;
3) by tensio-active agent enriched layer ultrafiltration membrance filter, reclaim tensio-active agent, filtrate is spin-dried for, and must comprise the crude extract of psoralen and isopsorapen.
The condition of further optimum is:
Adopt GENAPOL X080 as tensio-active agent, the volumetric concentration of tensio-active agent is 15%, liquid-solid ratio at 150mL:1g, ultrasound on extracting 30min; And add 2.5molL
-1sodium-chlor under 50 DEG C balance 40min; The recovery of extraction of the psoralen and isopsorapen extracted is respectively: 79.37 ± 1.79% and 76.54 ± 1.04% (n=6).
Detection to extracted psoralen and isopsorapen:
1) slightly efficiency is carried to crude extract HPLC method mensuration.
Under the chromatographic condition of pharmacopeia, the retention time of Psoralea corylifolia and different Psoralea corylifolia is respectively 10.6min and 12.7min. retention factors and is respectively 6.75 and 9.04, as shown in Figure 6.
Chromatographic condition:
Chromatographic column: Diamonsil C18 post (150mm × 4.6mm, 5 μm);
Moving phase: methanol-water 55:45;
Determined wavelength: 246nm;
Flow: 1.0mLmin
-1;
Column temperature: 30 DEG C;
Sample size: 10 μ L.
2) with the extraction efficiency of traditional DNA extration
Compared to methanol extraction, under identical condition, effective constituent extraction efficiency of the present invention has clear superiority.Using GENAPOL X080 as extraction agent, the percentage extraction of Psoralea corylifolia and isopsoralen is respectively 8.9 and 10.6mgg
-1, and the percentage extraction of methyl alcohol method is 6.4 and 9.1mgg
-1.
Claims (6)
1. extract a method for psoralen and isopsorapen based on cloud point extraction, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) Psoralea corylifolia plant powder being joined volume-fraction concentration is in the surfactant soln of 10 ~ 15%, wherein liquid-solid ratio is 150mL:1g ~ 200mL:1g, fully mix in vortex mixer, and at 25 DEG C, under 300W ultrasonic processor supersound process, extract 30 ~ 35min;
2) extracted rear collection extracting solution, centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor and add electrolysis quality regulate ionic strength, wherein electrolyte concentration is 2.5 ~ 3molL
-1, then centrifugal after 50 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control balance 35 ~ 45min, supernatant liquor phase-splitting is aqueous layer and the tensio-active agent enriched layer of tensio-active agent;
3) by the ultrafiltration membrance filter of tensio-active agent enriched layer with 0.45 μm, reclaim tensio-active agent, filtrate is spin-dried for, and must comprise the crude extract of psoralen and isopsorapen;
Described tensio-active agent comprises: anion surfactant, cats product, zwitterionics and nonionogenic tenside;
Described ionogen comprises vitriol, nitrate, hydrochloride, sulphite, carbonate, sulphite.
2. extract the method for psoralen and isopsorapen as claimed in claim 1 based on cloud point extraction, it is characterized in that, described step 1) in, the volumetric concentration of tensio-active agent is 15%, and liquid-solid ratio is at 150mL:1g, and extraction time is 30min;
Described step 2) in, add 2.5molL
-1sodium-chlor under at 50 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control balance 40min.
3. extract the method for psoralen and isopsorapen as claimed in claim 1 based on cloud point extraction, it is characterized in that, described anion surfactant is stearic acid or Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate;
Cats product is quaternary ammonium compound;
Zwitterionics is Yelkin TTS, amino acid pattern, betaine type or ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol;
Nonionogenic tenside is the smooth or polysorbate of Triton X-100, glycerin fatty acid ester, lipid acid sorb.
4. extract the method for psoralen and isopsorapen as claimed in claim 3 based on cloud point extraction, it is characterized in that, described ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol is GENAPOL X080.
5. extract the method for psoralen and isopsorapen as claimed in claim 3 based on cloud point extraction, it is characterized in that, described Triton X-100 is Triton X-100, Triton X-114 or Triton X-45.
6. extract the method for psoralen and isopsorapen as claimed in claim 1 based on cloud point extraction, it is characterized in that, described filtration ultra-filtration membrane is natural membranes or polymer membrane.
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| CN103961282B (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2016-09-14 | 江南大学 | A kind of method and application extracting antioxidant content in Nigella damascena L. platymiscium seed based on cloud point extraction method |
| CN105017273A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-11-04 | 徐州医学院 | Method for extracting, separating and purifying psoralen and isopsoralen from fructus psoraleae |
| KR102298839B1 (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2021-09-07 | 주식회사 디네이쳐 | Method of selective extracting natural material |
| CN113945651A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-18 | 兰州石化职业技术学院 | Method for extracting ferulic acid from angelica sinensis by using non-ionic surfactant and application of ferulic acid |
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