CN103404101B - The method and apparatus of decoding - Google Patents
The method and apparatus of decoding Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404101B CN103404101B CN201280002790.6A CN201280002790A CN103404101B CN 103404101 B CN103404101 B CN 103404101B CN 201280002790 A CN201280002790 A CN 201280002790A CN 103404101 B CN103404101 B CN 103404101B
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of method and apparatus of decoding.The method comprises: obtain a class encrypted packets, and this encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, and this class encrypted packets is from rlc layer; Predict the SN of two class encrypted packets, this two classes encrypted packets is from the physical layer of transmitting terminal; According to the SN of this prediction, the Given information position information of this process encryption in this class encrypted packets is utilized to carry out decoding to this two classes encrypted packets.The method and apparatus of the decoding of the embodiment of the present invention more effective use known bits information can carry out decoding, to improve the efficiency of decoding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, and more specifically, relate to the method and apparatus of decoding.
Background technology
Along with rolling up of the universal of intelligent terminal and Mobile solution demand, mobile service presents new feature, and the IP-based business such as web page browsing and video request program account for the increasing proportion of the network traffics of terminal.Compare traditional voice and Record Carrier, network browsing and VOD service bring higher rate to mobile network, more the new demand such as short time-delay, and these business self also present the feature made new advances simultaneously.The descending larger transmission rate of these service needed, but for up, usually mainly feed back a large amount of TCP/IP for downlink transfer and confirm small data packets, these packet small parts are additional a small amount of contents on TCP/IP leader, and major part only comprises TCP/IP leader.According to ICP/IP protocol, TCP/IP leader has a lot of fixing information, as contents such as the source address in IP leader and some fixing region fillings.These fixing information contain abundant Given information and can be utilized, but the packet received is due to the encryption through high level, be all unknown in fact concerning these Given informations the physical layer of base station side, the Given information that these cannot be utilized encrypted in base station side physical layer carries out additional interpretations.
For these fixing Given informations in prior art, physical layer simply thinks full 0 or complete 1, if encrypted, be then no longer just full 0 or complete 1, cannot carry out additional interpretations.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments provide a kind of method and code translator of decoding, the efficiency utilizing the decoding of Given information position can be promoted.
First aspect, provide a kind of method of decoding, comprising: obtain a class encrypted packets, this class encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, this class encrypted packets is from wireless spread-spectrum technology (RadioLinkControl, referred to as " RLC ") layer; Predict the SN of two class encrypted packets, this two classes encrypted packets is from the physical layer of transmitting terminal; According to the SN of this prediction, the Given information position information of this process encryption in this class encrypted packets is utilized to carry out decoding to this two classes encrypted packets.
In the implementation that the first is possible, before this acquisition one class encrypted packets, the method also comprises: in rlc layer entity, password stream corresponding to this SN is generated based on each SN in the SN group that this RLC entity is corresponding, with this password stream, this Given information position information is encrypted, obtains this class encrypted packets.
In the implementation that the second is possible, in conjunction with the first possible implementation of first aspect or first aspect, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, during this two classes encrypted packets correspondence RLC entity, before the SN of this prediction two class encrypted packets, also comprise: judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is this concern type data packets; When this judged result is this two classes encrypted packets for this concern type data packets, predict the SN of the Given information position correspondence in this two classes encrypted packets.
In the implementation that the third is possible, in conjunction with the implementation that the first or the second of first aspect or first aspect are possible, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, when this class encrypted packets deposits corresponding multiple RLC entity, before the SN of this prediction two class encrypted packets, also comprise: judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is this concern type data packets; When this judged result is this two classes encrypted packets for this concern type data packets, after being chosen at the SN group of maximum this of probability of occurrence in epimere time of reception corresponding to RLC entity, carry out the SN of this Given information position correspondence predicted in this two classes encrypted packets.
In the 4th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of first aspect or first aspect to the third any one possible implementation, the SN of this prediction two class encrypted packets comprises: judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is new biography; When this judge the encrypted packets of this two class be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be new biography time, judge whether the previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive; When this judges that the judged result whether these previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive correctly receives for these previous two class encrypted packets, predict this SN be the SN of these previous two class encrypted packets add 1 or predict this SN be the SN of these previous two class encrypted packets add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
In the 5th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the 4th kind of possible implementation of first aspect, when this judges that the judged result whether these previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive correctly does not receive for these previous two class encrypted packets, predict two class encrypted packets number n between this two classes encrypted packets and two class encrypted packets of previous correct reception, predict the SN of the packet of this Given information position be the SN of two class encrypted packets of this previous correct reception add this n add again 1 or the SN of two class encrypted packets of this previous correct reception add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
In the 6th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the 4th kind of possible implementation of first aspect, when this judge this two classes encrypted packets be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be not new biography time, predict that the SN of the packet of this Given information position is the last prediction SN to this class encrypted packets.
In the 7th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with first to the 6th kind of possible implementation of first aspect or first aspect, this is according to the SN of this prediction, utilizes the Given information position information of this process encryption in this class encrypted packets to carry out decoding to this two classes encrypted packets and comprises: choose the class encrypted packets that the SN of this prediction is corresponding; This Given information position information utilizing this class enciphered data to wrap carries out additional interpretations to this two classes encrypted packets.
Second aspect, provide a kind of device of decoding, it is characterized in that, comprise: receiver module, for obtaining a class encrypted packets, this class encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, and this class encrypted packets is from rlc layer, also for receiving two class encrypted packets, this two classes encrypted packets is from the physical layer of transmitting terminal; Processing module, for predicting the SN of two class encrypted packets; Decoding module, for the SN according to this prediction, utilizes the Given information position information of this process encryption in this class encrypted packets to carry out decoding to this two classes encrypted packets
In the implementation that the first is possible, also comprise: memory module, for storing this class encrypted packets and this two classes encrypted packets.
In the implementation that the second is possible, in conjunction with the first possible implementation of second aspect or second aspect, this class encrypted packets is generated by rlc layer, comprise: in rlc layer entity, password stream corresponding to this SN is generated based on each SN in the SN group that this RLC entity is corresponding, with this password stream, this Given information position information is encrypted, obtains this class encrypted packets.
In the implementation that the third is possible, in conjunction with the implementation that the first or the second of second aspect or second aspect are possible, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, during this class encrypted packets correspondence RLC entity, judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is this concern type data packets; When this judged result is this two classes encrypted packets for this concern type data packets, this processing module predicts the SN of the packet of this Given information position.
In the 4th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of second aspect or second aspect to the third any one possible implementation, this processing module is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, when this class encrypted packets deposits corresponding multiple RLC entity, judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is this concern type data packets; When this judged result is this two classes encrypted packets for this concern type data packets, is chosen at the SN group of maximum this of probability of occurrence in epimere time of reception corresponding to RLC entity, predicts the SN of this Given information position correspondence in this two classes encrypted packets.
In the 5th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of second aspect or second aspect to the 4th kind of any one possible implementation, this processing module is further used for, and judges whether this two classes encrypted packets is new biography; When this judge the encrypted packets of this two class be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be new biography time, judge whether the previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive; When this judges that the judged result whether these previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive correctly receives for these previous two class encrypted packets, predict this SN be the SN of these previous two class encrypted packets add 1 or predict this SN be the SN of these previous two class encrypted packets add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
In the 6th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of second aspect or second aspect to the 5th kind of any one possible implementation, this processing module is further used for, when this judges that the judged result whether these previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive correctly does not receive for these previous two class encrypted packets, predict two class encrypted packets number n between this two classes encrypted packets and two class encrypted packets of previous correct reception, predict that this SN is that the SN of two class encrypted packets of this previous correct reception adds this n and adds 1 again.
In the 7th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of second aspect or second aspect to the 6th kind of any one possible implementation, when this judge this two classes encrypted packets be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be not new biography time, predict that this SN is the last prediction SN to this two classes encrypted packets.
In the 8th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of second aspect or second aspect to the 7th kind of any one possible implementation, this decoding module is further used for, and chooses the class encrypted packets that the SN of this prediction is corresponding; This Given information position information utilizing this class enciphered data to wrap carries out additional interpretations to this two classes encrypted packets.
The third aspect, provide a kind of device of decoding, comprise: receiver, for obtaining a class encrypted packets, this class encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, this class encrypted packets is from rlc layer, and also for receiving two class encrypted packets, this two classes encrypted packets is from the physical layer of transmitting terminal; Processor, for predicting the SN of two class encrypted packets, also for the SN according to this prediction, utilizes the Given information position information of this process encryption in this class encrypted packets to carry out decoding to this two classes encrypted packets
In the implementation that the first is possible, also comprise: memory, for storing this class encrypted packets and this two classes encrypted packets.
In the implementation that the second is possible, in conjunction with the first possible implementation of the third aspect or the third aspect, this class encrypted packets is generated by rlc layer, comprise: in rlc layer entity, password stream corresponding to this SN is generated based on each SN in the SN group that this RLC entity is corresponding, with this password stream, this Given information position information is encrypted, obtains this class encrypted packets.
In the implementation that the third is possible, in conjunction with the implementation that the first or the second of the third aspect or the third aspect are possible, this processor is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, during this class encrypted packets correspondence RLC entity, judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is this concern type data packets; When this judged result is this two classes encrypted packets for this concern type data packets, the SN of the packet of this Given information position predicted by this processor.
In the 4th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of the third aspect or the third aspect to the third any one possible implementation, this processor is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, when this class encrypted packets deposits corresponding multiple RLC entity, judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is this concern type data packets; When this judged result is this two classes encrypted packets for this concern type data packets, is chosen at the SN group of maximum this of probability of occurrence in epimere time of reception corresponding to RLC entity, predicts the SN of this Given information position correspondence in this two classes encrypted packets.
In the 5th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of the third aspect or the third aspect to the 4th kind of any one possible implementation, this processor is further used for, and judges whether this two classes encrypted packets is new biography; When this judge the encrypted packets of this two class be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be new biography time, judge whether the previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive; When this judges that the judged result whether these previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive correctly receives for these previous two class encrypted packets, predict this SN be the SN of these previous two class encrypted packets add 1 or predict this SN be the SN of these previous two class encrypted packets add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
In the 6th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of the third aspect or the third aspect to the 5th kind of any one possible implementation, this processor is further used for, when this judges that the judged result whether these previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive correctly does not receive for these previous two class encrypted packets, predict two class encrypted packets number n between this two classes encrypted packets and two class encrypted packets of previous correct reception, predict that this SN is that the SN of two class encrypted packets of this previous correct reception adds this n and adds 1 again.
In the 7th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of the third aspect or the third aspect to the 6th kind of any one possible implementation, when this judge this two classes encrypted packets be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be not new biography time, predict that this SN is the last prediction SN to this two classes encrypted packets.
In the 8th kind of possible implementation, in conjunction with the first of the third aspect or the third aspect to the 7th kind of any one possible implementation, this processor is further used for, and chooses the class encrypted packets that the SN of this prediction is corresponding; This Given information position information utilizing this class enciphered data to wrap carries out additional interpretations to this two classes encrypted packets.
Based on technique scheme, the embodiment of the present invention is in order to improve the decoding efficiency of physical layer, make physical layer that encrypted Given information position can be utilized to carry out decoding, the SN of two class encrypted packets is predicted in physical layer, thus this Given information position in the class enciphered message finding this SN corresponding of high probability, utilize the upper information of this Given information position to carry out decoding to encrypted packets.Thus the effective decoding speed improved, improve decoding performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in the embodiment of the present invention below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the indicative flowchart of the method for decoding according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic block diagram of the code translator according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is another schematic block diagram of the code translator according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite of not making creative work, all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows the indicative flowchart of the method 100 according to the decoding of the embodiment of the present invention.The method of Fig. 1 performs in physical layer, and as shown in Figure 1, the method 100 comprises:
S110, obtains a class encrypted packets, and this class encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, and this class encrypted packets is from wireless spread-spectrum technology (RadioLinkControl, referred to as " RLC ") layer;
S120, predicts the SN of two class encrypted packets, and this two classes encrypted packets is from the physical layer of transmitting terminal;
S130, according to the SN of this prediction, utilizes the Given information position information of this process encryption in this class encrypted packets to carry out decoding to this two classes encrypted packets.
In embodiments of the present invention, in order to improve the decoding efficiency of physical layer, make physical layer that encrypted Given information position can be utilized to carry out decoding, the SN of two class encrypted packets is predicted in physical layer, thus this Given information position in the class enciphered message finding this SN corresponding of high probability, utilize the upper information of this Given information position to carry out decoding to encrypted packets.Thus the effective decoding speed improved, improve decoding performance.
In S110, obtain a class encrypted packets, this class encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, and this class encrypted packets is from rlc layer.
Specifically, the class encrypted packets obtained during physical layer acquisition is mutual with rlc layer, this class enciphered data wraps in rlc layer gained after being encrypted packet.In the packet, partial information position is fixing, and this fix information position is called Given information position.
Physical layer is for the correct class encrypted packets received, and the enciphered message position information bank of physical layer being neutralized Given information position corresponding to the SN of this packet is deleted.
In embodiments of the present invention, alternatively, before S110, the method 100 also comprises:
S140, in rlc layer entity, generates password stream corresponding to this SN based on each SN in the SN group that this RLC entity is corresponding, is encrypted with this password stream to this Given information position information, obtain this class encrypted packets.
Alternatively, S140 comprises:
S141, each SN in the SN group of rlc layer corresponding to RLC entity generates password stream corresponding to this SN.
Can have different RLC entities at rlc layer, each RLC entity has the SN group corresponding to it.Each SN group is made up of some SN.RLC entity is different, and SN group is also different.For the SN in each SN group generates the password stream corresponding with this SN.This password stream is used for being encrypted packet.
S142, is encrypted Given information position respectively at this password stream of this rlc layer, and generate the Given information after encryption, the Given information after this encryption is this class encrypted packets.
At rlc layer, be encrypted known bits information with this password stream, cipher mode has multiple, such as, carry out XOR to known bits information by bit with this password stream, just can obtain the class encrypted packets after encrypting.
This class enciphered data, with in the interactive communication of physical layer, wraps in interactive communication and is transferred to physical layer by rlc layer.
In S120, predict the SN of two class encrypted packets, this two classes encrypted packets is from the physical layer of transmitting terminal.
Alternatively, this two classes encrypted packets is from the physical layer of transmitting terminal, and this two classes encrypted packets is also be encrypted at rlc layer.The SN of two class encrypted packets, this SN Given information position that this SN is corresponding in a class encrypted packets, identical or corresponding with the Given information position comprised in the two class encryption number bags that this SN is corresponding.
Alternatively, S120 comprises,
S121, judges whether this two classes encrypted packets is new biography.In physical layer, a class encrypted packets, by the interactive communication of rlc layer and physical layer, is transferred to physical layer by rlc layer.Encrypted packets is sent to the receiving terminal of physical layer by two class encrypted packets by transmission channel by the transmitting terminal from physical layer, and carry out decoding at receiving terminal.One class encrypted packets and two class encrypted packet comprise identical known bits, because two class encrypted packets are through transmission channel, likely receive the other factors interference such as noise and make mistakes, also can utilize the Given information position in a class encrypted packets, decoding is carried out to two class encrypted packets.
Transmitting terminal physical layer sends two class encrypted packets to receiving terminal, and when two class encrypted packets take defeat, transmitting terminal retransmits this two class encrypted packets taken defeat.For physical layer receiving terminal, when two received class encrypted packets are not retransmitting, namely first time receives this two classes encrypted packets, and this two classes encrypted packets is new biography.
At the receiving terminal of physical layer, store the accepting state of the two class encrypted packets that receiving terminal receives, whether this accepting state indicates two received class encrypted packets and successfully receives, according to this indication information, take defeat when two received class packets are not recorded as at receiving terminal, then can judge that this two classes encrypted packets is new biography, take defeat when two received class packets are recorded as at receiving terminal, then can judge that this two classes encrypted packets is as retransmitting, but not new biography.
Alternatively, S120 also comprises,
S122a, in S121 when judge two class encrypted packets be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be not new biography time, predict that the SN of two class encrypted packets is the last prediction SN to this two classes encrypted packets.
When this two classes encrypted packets is not new biography, show that this encrypted packets first time is transferred to the physical layer receiving terminal therefore transmitting terminal that takes defeat and resends this two classes encrypted packets, physical layer receiving terminal has carried out prediction SN to this two classes encrypted packets when first time receives this two classes encrypted packets, prediction steps is with reference to step S120, when physical layer receiving terminal receives this two classes encrypted packets of physical layer transmitting terminal repeating transmission again, predict that the SN of the packet of described Given information position is the last prediction SN to described two class encrypted packets.
Alternatively, S120 also comprises,
S122b, judge in S121 this two classes encrypted packets be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be new biography time, judge whether the previous packet of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receives.
Alternatively, S120 also comprises,
S123a, in S122b, judge the previous packet of this encrypted packets, the previous packet being this encrypted packets when this judged result judging whether the previous packet of this encrypted packets correctly receives correctly receives, predict this SN be the SN of this previous packet add 1 or for this previous packet SN add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
Alternatively, S120 also comprises,
S123b, in S122b, judge the previous two class packets of this two classes encrypted packets, the previous two class packets being this encrypted packets when this judged result judging whether the previous two class packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive correctly do not receive, predict the SN number n between this encrypted packets and two class packets of previous correct reception, add described in the prediction institute SN two class packet SN that are described previous correct reception add n add 1 or the SN of two class encrypted packets of previous correct reception add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
In the embodiment of the present invention, alternatively, when first time is predicted, for when there are not previous two class packets or there is not two class encrypted packets of previous correct reception, make the SN of previous two class packets be 0 or the SN of two class encrypted packets of previous correct reception be 0.
In embodiments of the present invention, alternatively, before S120, the method 100 also comprises:
S150, when encrypted packets comes from a RLC entity, judges whether described encrypted packets is pay close attention to type data packets; Described judged result is described encrypted packets is when paying close attention to type data packets, prediction SN.
This concern categorical data packet index includes according in bag the packet enriching known bits information, such as TCPACK bag, or adds the packet that preamble bit has known bits information in data.Paying close attention to type data packets is packet to be encrypted,
In current existing network, TCPACK bag is eated dishes without rice or wine as 354bits, determines whether to pay close attention to type data packets according to data package size.For the packet received, if this data package size is 354bits, when it adopts the failure of basic decoding algorithm, additional interpretations can be carried out to it.
According to existing network data analysis, TCP head also there will be 32bytes and 44bytes, and now, whole TCPACK can be split into 2 354bits bags, and second bag is made up of TCP head remaining information and preamble bit.For the packet needing certain 354bits carrying out additional interpretations, if the prediction SN of this packet is the SN of first bag of the TCPACK that certain correctly receives add 1, then think that the Given information of this packet is the Given information in second packet of TCPACK bag, otherwise the Given information of this packet is the Given information in first packet of TCPACK bag.
In embodiments of the present invention, alternatively, before S120, the method 100 also comprises:
S160, when enciphered data comes from multiple RLC entity, in this encrypted packets of this prediction the packet of this Given information position SN before, also comprise:
Be chosen at the RLC entity that probability of occurrence in epimere time of reception is maximum, wherein epimere time of reception can be chosen according to embody rule scene.
Judge whether described encrypted packets is pay close attention to type data packets; Described judged result is described encrypted packets is when paying close attention to type data packets, prediction SN.
This concern categorical data packet index includes according in bag the packet enriching known bits information, such as TCPACK bag, or adds the packet that preamble bit has known bits information in data.Paying close attention to type data packets is packet to be encrypted,
In current existing network, TCPACK bag is eated dishes without rice or wine as 354bits, determines whether to pay close attention to type data packets according to data package size.For the packet received, if this data package size is 354bits, when it adopts the failure of basic decoding algorithm, additional interpretations can be carried out to it.
According to existing network data analysis, TCP head also there will be 32bytes and 44bytes, and now, whole TCPACK can be split into 2 354bits bags, and second bag is made up of TCP head remaining information and preamble bit.For the packet needing certain 354bits carrying out additional interpretations, if the prediction SN of this packet is the SN of first bag of the TCPACK that certain correctly receives add 1, then think that the Given information of this packet is the Given information in second packet of TCPACK bag, otherwise the Given information of this packet is the Given information in first packet of TCPACK bag.
Described judged result to be described encrypted packets be described TCPACK and/or with preamble bit time, prediction SN.Prediction steps, as described in S120, is not repeated herein.
When prediction error, packet corresponding to other RLC entity can be chosen again one by one.
S130, according to the SN of this prediction, utilizes the Given information position information of this process encryption in this class encrypted packets to carry out decoding to this two classes encrypted packets.
Alternatively, S130 comprises,
The Given information bit encryption information of the class encrypted packets that S131, the SN predicted in selecting step S120 are corresponding.
Alternatively, S130 comprises,
S132, utilizes the upper enciphered message of this Given information position to carry out additional interpretations to described encrypted packets.
Additional interpretations carries out decoding for utilizing Given information position, alternatively,
Feel relieved than (LogLikelihoodRatio at demodulation logarithm, referred to as " LLR ") result sends into before decoder, the Bit being identified as Given information is mapped to the corresponding infinitely large quantity of polarity of demodulation LLR or certain saturation value of setting, this value is added to or is substituted in system bits corresponding to demodulation LLR.
Alternatively, inner at decoder, the Bit being identified as Given information is mapped to the corresponding infinitely large quantity of polarity of demodulation LLR or certain saturation value of setting, this value is added to or is substituted in the external information of corresponding system bits, this replacement or the process added can, in the process of each component decoder decoding, also can be that decoding starts front initialization prior information.
In embodiments of the present invention, in order to improve the decoding efficiency of physical layer, make physical layer that encrypted Given information position can be utilized to carry out decoding, the SN of two class encrypted packets is predicted in physical layer, thus this Given information position in the class enciphered message finding this SN corresponding of high probability, utilize the upper information of this Given information position to carry out decoding to encrypted packets.Thus the effective decoding speed improved, improve decoding performance.
Should understand, in various embodiments of the present invention, the size of the sequence number of above-mentioned each process does not also mean that the priority of execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined with its function and internal logic, and should not form any restriction to the implementation process of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic block diagram of the code translator 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention.The device that Fig. 2 and explanation thereof disclose, can based on the method for embodiment of the present invention Fig. 1 and the decoding disclosed based on embodiment of the present invention Fig. 1.
The method in the decoding according to the embodiment of the present invention is may correspond to according to the code translator 200 of the embodiment of the present invention, and above-mentioned and other operation of the modules in code translator 200 and/or function are respectively in order to realize the corresponding flow process of each method in Fig. 1, for simplicity, do not repeat them here.
As shown in Figure 2, code translator comprises:
Receiver module, for obtaining a class encrypted packets, this class encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, and this class encrypted packets is from rlc layer, also for receiving two class encrypted packets, this two classes encrypted packets is from the physical layer of transmitting terminal;
Processing module, for predicting the SN of two class encrypted packets;
Decoding module, for the SN according to this prediction, utilizes the Given information position information of this process encryption in this class encrypted packets to carry out decoding to this two classes encrypted packets.
Alternatively, this code translator can also comprise, memory module, for storing this class encrypted packets and this two classes encrypted packets.
Alternatively, this class encrypted packets is generated by rlc layer, comprising:
In rlc layer entity, generate password stream corresponding to this SN based on each SN in the SN group that this RLC entity is corresponding, with this password stream, this Given information position information is encrypted, obtain this class encrypted packets.
Alternatively, this processing module is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, during the corresponding RLC entity of this class encrypted packets, judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is this concern type data packets;
When this judged result is this two classes encrypted packets for this concern type data packets, this processing module predicts the SN of the packet of this Given information position.
Alternatively, this processing module is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, when this class encrypted packets deposits corresponding multiple RLC entity, judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is this concern type data packets; When this judged result is this two classes encrypted packets for this concern type data packets, is chosen at the SN group of maximum this of probability of occurrence in epimere time of reception corresponding to RLC entity, predicts the SN of this Given information position correspondence in this two classes encrypted packets.
Alternatively, this processing module is further used for, and judges whether this two classes encrypted packets is new biography;
When this judge the encrypted packets of this two class be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be new biography time, judge whether the previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive.
When this judges that the judged result whether these previous two class encrypted packets that this carrys out two class encrypted packets correctly receive correctly receives for these previous two class encrypted packets, predict this SN be the SN of these previous two class encrypted packets add 1 or predict this SN be the SN of these previous two class encrypted packets add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
Alternatively, this processing module is further used for, when this judges that the judged result whether these previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive correctly does not receive for these previous two class encrypted packets, predict two class encrypted packets number n between this two classes encrypted packets and two class encrypted packets of previous correct reception, predict that this SN is that the SN of two class encrypted packets of this previous correct reception adds this n and adds 1 again.
Alternatively, when this judge this two classes encrypted packets be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be not new biography time, predict that this SN is the last prediction SN to this two classes encrypted packets.
This decoding module is further used for alternatively, chooses the class encrypted packets that the SN of this prediction is corresponding;
This Given information position information utilizing this class enciphered data to wrap carries out additional interpretations to this two classes encrypted packets.The step of additional interpretations to can refer in the inventive method embodiment described in S130, is not repeated herein.
The code translator 200 that the embodiment of the present invention discloses, can be positioned at the various equipment comprising base station of physical layer, and also can lay respectively in the different equipment of physical layer by disparate modules, the present invention is not construed as limiting.
In embodiments of the present invention, in order to improve the decoding efficiency of physical layer, make physical layer that encrypted Given information position can be utilized to carry out decoding, the SN of two class encrypted packets is predicted in physical layer, thus this Given information position in the class enciphered message finding this SN corresponding of high probability, utilize the upper information of this Given information position to carry out decoding to encrypted packets.Thus the effective decoding speed improved, improve decoding performance.
Fig. 3 shows the schematic block diagram of the code translator 300 according to the embodiment of the present invention.The device that Fig. 3 and explanation thereof disclose, can based on the method for embodiment of the present invention Fig. 1 and the decoding disclosed based on embodiment of the present invention Fig. 1, and based on the device that Fig. 2 discloses.
The method in the decoding according to the embodiment of the present invention is may correspond to according to the code translator 300 of the embodiment of the present invention, and above-mentioned and other operation of each device in code translator 300 and/or function are respectively in order to realize the corresponding flow process of each method in Fig. 1, for simplicity, do not repeat them here.
As shown in Figure 3, code translator comprises:
Receiver, for obtaining a class encrypted packets, this class encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, and this class encrypted packets is from rlc layer, also for receiving two class encrypted packets, this two classes encrypted packets is from the physical layer of transmitting terminal;
Processor, for predicting the SN of two class encrypted packets, also for the SN according to this prediction, utilizes the Given information position information of this process encryption in this class encrypted packets to carry out decoding to this two classes encrypted packets.
Alternatively, this code translator can also comprise, memory, for storing this class encrypted packets and this two classes encrypted packets.
Alternatively, this class encrypted packets is generated by rlc layer, comprising:
In rlc layer entity, generate password stream corresponding to this SN based on each SN in the SN group that this RLC entity is corresponding, with this password stream, this Given information position information is encrypted, obtain this class encrypted packets.
Alternatively, this processor is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, during the corresponding RLC entity of this class encrypted packets, judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is this concern type data packets;
When this judged result is this two classes encrypted packets for this concern type data packets, the SN of the packet of this Given information position predicted by this processor.
Alternatively, this processor is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, when this class encrypted packets deposits corresponding multiple RLC entity, judge whether this two classes encrypted packets is this concern type data packets; When this judged result is this two classes encrypted packets for this concern type data packets, is chosen at the SN group of maximum this of probability of occurrence in epimere time of reception corresponding to RLC entity, predicts the SN of this Given information position correspondence in this two classes encrypted packets.
Alternatively, this processor is further used for, and judges whether this two classes encrypted packets is new biography;
When this judge the encrypted packets of this two class be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be new biography time, judge whether the previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive.
When this judges that the judged result whether these previous two class encrypted packets that this carrys out two class encrypted packets correctly receive correctly receives for these previous two class encrypted packets, predict this SN be the SN of these previous two class encrypted packets add 1 or predict this SN be the SN of these previous two class encrypted packets add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
Alternatively, this processor is further used for, when this judges that the judged result whether these previous two class encrypted packets of this two classes encrypted packets correctly receive correctly does not receive for these previous two class encrypted packets, predict two class encrypted packets number n between this two classes encrypted packets and two class encrypted packets of previous correct reception, predict that this SN is that the SN of two class encrypted packets of this previous correct reception adds this n and adds 1 again.
Alternatively, when this judge this two classes encrypted packets be whether new biography judged result for this two classes encrypted packets be not new biography time, predict that this SN is the last prediction SN to this two classes encrypted packets.
Alternatively, this processor is further used for, and chooses the class encrypted packets that the SN of this prediction is corresponding; This Given information position information utilizing this class enciphered data to wrap carries out additional interpretations to this two classes encrypted packets.The step of additional interpretations to can refer in the inventive method embodiment described in S130, is not repeated herein.
The code translator 300 that the embodiment of the present invention discloses, can be positioned at the various equipment comprising base station of physical layer, and also can lay respectively in the different equipment of physical layer by different components, the present invention is not construed as limiting.
In embodiments of the present invention, in order to improve the decoding efficiency of physical layer, make physical layer that encrypted Given information position can be utilized to carry out decoding, the SN of two class encrypted packets is predicted in physical layer, thus this Given information position in the class enciphered message finding this SN corresponding of high probability, utilize the upper information of this Given information position to carry out decoding to encrypted packets.Thus the effective decoding speed improved, improve decoding performance.
Should be understood that in embodiments of the present invention, term "and/or" is only a kind of incidence relation describing affiliated partner, and expression can exist three kinds of relations.Such as, A and/or B, can represent: individualism A, exists A and B simultaneously, these three kinds of situations of individualism B.In addition, character "/" herein, general expression forward-backward correlation is to the relation liking a kind of "or".
Those of ordinary skill in the art can recognize, in conjunction with unit and the algorithm steps of each example of embodiment disclosed herein description, can realize with electronic hardware, computer software or the combination of the two, in order to the interchangeability of hardware and software is clearly described, generally describe composition and the step of each example in the above description according to function.These functions perform with hardware or software mode actually, depend on application-specific and the design constraint of technical scheme.Professional and technical personnel can use distinct methods to realize described function to each specifically should being used for, but this realization should not thought and exceeds scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art can be well understood to, and for convenience of description and succinctly, the specific works process of the system of foregoing description, device and unit, with reference to the corresponding process in preceding method embodiment, can not repeat them here.
In several embodiments that the application provides, should be understood that disclosed system, apparatus and method can realize by another way.Such as, device embodiment described above is only schematic, such as, the division of described unit, be only a kind of logic function to divide, actual can have other dividing mode when realizing, such as multiple unit or assembly can in conjunction with or another system can be integrated into, or some features can be ignored, or do not perform.In addition, shown or discussed coupling each other or direct-coupling or communication connection can be indirect coupling by some interfaces, device or unit or communication connection, also can be electric, machinery or other form connect.
The described unit illustrated as separating component or can may not be and physically separates, and the parts as unit display can be or may not be physical location, namely can be positioned at a place, or also can be distributed in multiple network element.Some or all of unit wherein can be selected according to the actual needs to realize the object of embodiment of the present invention scheme.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in a processing unit, and also can be that the independent physics of unit exists, also can be that two or more unit are in a unit integrated.Above-mentioned integrated unit both can adopt the form of hardware to realize, and the form of SFU software functional unit also can be adopted to realize.
If described integrated unit using the form of SFU software functional unit realize and as independently production marketing or use time, can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium.Based on such understanding, technical scheme of the present invention is in essence in other words to the part that prior art contributes, or all or part of of this technical scheme can embody with the form of software product, this computer software product is stored in a storage medium, comprising some instructions in order to make a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server, or the network equipment etc.) perform all or part of step of method described in each embodiment of the present invention.And aforesaid storage medium comprises: USB flash disk, portable hard drive, read-only memory (ROM, Read-OnlyMemory), random access memory (RAM, RandomAccessMemory), magnetic disc or CD etc. various can be program code stored medium.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; can expect amendment or the replacement of various equivalence easily, these amendments or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Claims (23)
1. a method for decoding, is characterized in that, comprising:
Obtain a class encrypted packets, a described class encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, and a described class encrypted packets is from wireless spread-spectrum technology rlc layer;
Predict the sequence number SN of two class encrypted packets, described two class encrypted packets are from the physical layer of transmitting terminal;
Choose the class encrypted packets that the SN of described prediction is corresponding, the described Given information position information utilizing a described class enciphered data to wrap carries out additional interpretations to described two class encrypted packets.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before described acquisition one class encrypted packets, described method also comprises:
In rlc layer entity, generate password stream corresponding to this SN based on each SN in the SN group that described RLC entity is corresponding, with described password stream, described Given information position information is encrypted, obtain a described class encrypted packets.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, during a described two class encrypted packets correspondence RLC entity, before the SN of described prediction two class encrypted packets, also comprise: judge whether described two class encrypted packets are pay close attention to type data packets;
When described judged result be described two class encrypted packets is described concern type data packets, predict the SN of the Given information position correspondence in described two class encrypted packets.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, during a described corresponding multiple RLC entity of class encrypted packets, before the SN of described prediction two class encrypted packets, also comprise:
Judge whether described two class encrypted packets are pay close attention to type data packets;
Described judged result is described two class encrypted packets when being described concern type data packets, carries out the SN of the described Given information position correspondence predicted in described two class encrypted packets after being chosen at the maximum SN group corresponding to described RLC entity of probability of occurrence in epimere time of reception.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the SN of described prediction two class encrypted packets comprises:
Judge whether described two class encrypted packets are new biography;
When described judge that described two class encrypted packets be whether the judged result of new biography be described two class encrypted packets are new biographies time, judge whether the previous two class encrypted packets of described two class encrypted packets correctly receive;
When the described judged result judging whether the described previous two class encrypted packets of described two class encrypted packets correctly receive is that described previous two class encrypted packets correctly receive, predict described SN be the SN of described previous two class encrypted packets add 1 or predict described SN be the SN of described previous two class encrypted packets add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, when the described judged result judging whether the described previous two class encrypted packets of described two class encrypted packets correctly receive is that described previous two class encrypted packets correctly do not receive, predict two class encrypted packets number n between described two class encrypted packets and two class encrypted packets of previous correct reception, predict the SN of the packet of described Given information position be the SN of two class encrypted packets of described previous correct reception add described n add again 1 or the SN of two class encrypted packets of described previous correct reception add described n add 1 again and add overflow after delivery.
7. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, when described judge that described two class encrypted packets be whether the judged result of new biography be described two class encrypted packets are not new biographies time, predict that the SN of the packet of described Given information position is the last prediction SN to described two class encrypted packets.
8. a device for decoding, is characterized in that, comprising:
Receiver module, for obtaining a class encrypted packets, a described class encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, and a described class encrypted packets is from rlc layer, also for receiving two class encrypted packets, described two class encrypted packets are from the physical layer of transmitting terminal;
Processing module, for predicting the SN of two class encrypted packets;
Decoding module, the class encrypted packets that the SN for choosing described prediction is corresponding, the described Given information position information utilizing a described class enciphered data to wrap carries out additional interpretations to described two class encrypted packets.
9. device according to claim 8, is characterized in that, also comprises:
Memory module, for storing a described class encrypted packets and described two class encrypted packets.
10. device according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterized in that, a described class encrypted packets is generated by rlc layer, comprising:
In rlc layer entity, generate password stream corresponding to this SN based on each SN in the SN group that described RLC entity is corresponding, with described password stream, described Given information position information is encrypted, obtain a described class encrypted packets.
11. devices according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterized in that, described processing module is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, during a described class encrypted packets correspondence RLC entity, judge whether described two class encrypted packets are pay close attention to type data packets;
Described judged result is described two class encrypted packets when being described concern type data packets, and described processing module predicts the SN of the packet of described Given information position.
12. devices according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterized in that, described processing module is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to two class encrypted packets decoding errors, during the corresponding multiple RLC entity of a described class encrypted packets,
Judge whether described two class encrypted packets are pay close attention to type data packets;
Described judged result is described two class encrypted packets when being described concern type data packets, be chosen at the SN group corresponding to described RLC entity that probability of occurrence in epimere time of reception is maximum, predict the SN of the described Given information position correspondence in described two class encrypted packets.
13. devices according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterized in that, described processing module is further used for,
Judge whether described two class encrypted packets are new biography;
When described judge that described two class encrypted packets be whether the judged result of new biography be described two class encrypted packets are new biographies time, judge whether the previous two class encrypted packets of described two class encrypted packets correctly receive;
When the described judged result judging whether the described previous two class encrypted packets of described two class encrypted packets correctly receive is that described previous two class encrypted packets correctly receive, predict described SN be the SN of described previous two class encrypted packets add 1 or predict described SN be the SN of described previous two class encrypted packets add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
14. devices according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, described processing module is further used for, judge that described two class encrypted packets be whether the judged result of new biography be described two class encrypted packets are new biographies when described, and the described judged result judging whether the described previous two class encrypted packets of described two class encrypted packets correctly receive is described previous two class encrypted packets correctly not to be received, predict two class encrypted packets number n between described two class encrypted packets and two class encrypted packets of previous correct reception, predict described SN be the SN of two class encrypted packets of described previous correct reception add described n add again 1 or the SN of two class encrypted packets of described previous correct reception add described n add 1 again and add overflow after delivery.
15. devices according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, when described judge that described two class encrypted packets be whether the judged result of new biography be described two class encrypted packets are not new biographies time, predict that described SN is the last prediction SN to described two class encrypted packets.
The device of 16. 1 kinds of decodings, is characterized in that, comprising:
Receiver, for obtaining first kind encrypted packets, described first kind encrypted packets is the Given information position information through encryption, and described first kind encrypted packets is from rlc layer, also for receiving Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets, described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets is from the physical layer of transmitting terminal;
Processor, for predicting the SN of Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets, also for the first kind encrypted packets that the SN choosing described prediction is corresponding, the described Given information position information utilizing described first kind enciphered data to wrap carries out additional interpretations to described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets.
17. devices according to claim 16, is characterized in that, also comprise:
Memory, for storing described first kind encrypted packets and described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets.
18. devices according to claim 16 or 17, it is characterized in that, described first kind encrypted packets is generated by rlc layer, comprising:
In rlc layer entity, generate password stream corresponding to this SN based on each SN in the SN group that described RLC entity is corresponding, with described password stream, described Given information position information is encrypted, obtains described first kind encrypted packets.
19. devices according to any one of claim 16 or 17, it is characterized in that, described processor is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets decoding error, during a described first kind encrypted packets correspondence RLC entity, judge whether described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets is pay close attention to type data packets;
Described judged result is described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets when being described concern type data packets, and the SN of the packet of described Given information position predicted by described processor.
20. devices according to claim 16 or 17, it is characterized in that, described processor is further used for, when by basic decoded mode to Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets decoding error, during the corresponding multiple RLC entity of described first kind encrypted packets,
Judge whether described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets is pay close attention to type data packets;
Described judged result is described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets when being described concern type data packets, be chosen at the SN group corresponding to described RLC entity that probability of occurrence in epimere time of reception is maximum, predict the SN of the described Given information position correspondence in described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets.
21. devices according to claim 16 or 17, it is characterized in that, described processor is further used for,
Judge whether described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets is new biography;
When described judge that described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets be whether the judged result of new biography be described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets is new biography time, judge whether the previous Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets of described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets correctly receives;
When the described judged result judging whether the described previous Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets of described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets correctly receives is that described previous Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets correctly receives, predict described SN be the SN of described previous Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets add 1 or predict described SN be the SN of described previous Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets add 1 and add overflow after delivery.
22. devices according to claim 21, it is characterized in that, described processor is further used for, judge that described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets be whether the judged result of new biography be described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets is new biography when described, and the described judged result judging whether the described previous Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets of described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets correctly receives is described previous Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets correctly not to be received, Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets number n between the Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets predicting described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets and previous correct reception, predict described SN be the SN of the Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets of described previous correct reception add described n add again 1 or the SN of Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets of described previous correct reception add described n add 1 again and add overflow after delivery.
23. devices according to claim 21, it is characterized in that, when described judge that described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets be whether the judged result of new biography be described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets is not new biography time, predict that described SN is the last prediction SN to described Equations of The Second Kind encrypted packets.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2012/088101 WO2014101214A1 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2012-12-31 | Decoding method and device |
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| CN103404101A CN103404101A (en) | 2013-11-20 |
| CN103404101B true CN103404101B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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Citations (5)
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| CN1443428A (en) * | 2000-05-23 | 2003-09-17 | 诺泰网络有限公司 | Method for controlling channel handover in cellular radiocommunications network |
| CN1753516A (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2006-03-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Wireless access network and its communication method |
| WO2006116620A2 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-11-02 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Ciphering and re-ordering packets in a wireless communication system |
| CN1917411A (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2007-02-21 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | System and method for realization of accessing high speed down going packets in multiple carriers |
| CN101795184A (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2010-08-04 | 华为终端有限公司 | Memory management method and device |
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2012
- 2012-12-31 WO PCT/CN2012/088101 patent/WO2014101214A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-12-31 CN CN201280002790.6A patent/CN103404101B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1443428A (en) * | 2000-05-23 | 2003-09-17 | 诺泰网络有限公司 | Method for controlling channel handover in cellular radiocommunications network |
| CN1753516A (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2006-03-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Wireless access network and its communication method |
| WO2006116620A2 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-11-02 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Ciphering and re-ordering packets in a wireless communication system |
| CN1917411A (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2007-02-21 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | System and method for realization of accessing high speed down going packets in multiple carriers |
| CN101795184A (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2010-08-04 | 华为终端有限公司 | Memory management method and device |
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| CN103404101A (en) | 2013-11-20 |
| WO2014101214A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
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